WO1999017912A1

WO1999017912A1 - Automatic mobile machine for manufacturing soil-cement bricks and respective process for manufacturing soil-cement bricks

Info

Publication number: WO1999017912A1
Application number: PCT/BR1998/000084
Authority: WO
Inventors: Joaquim Osório DE CARVALHO COSTA
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1997-10-06
Filing date: 1998-10-05
Publication date: 1999-04-15
Anticipated expiration: 2000-04-06
Also published as: AU1015399A; BR9704319A

Abstract

The present invention consists of a mobile machine whose objective is automatic and economical manufacture of soil-cement bricks at the site of the construction project, without need for subsequent roasting. It is characterized by containing 08 (eight) basic elements: Structure A, Form System B, Raw Material Feeder System C, Pressing System D, Vertical Extraction System E, Horizontal Extraction System F, Mechanical Movement System G, and Locomotion System H. The process of manufacture consists of 05 (five), synchronized movements like: for moving form shaft; for pressing of raw material; for vertical extraction of brick; for horizontal extraction of brick; and for moving to homogenize feeding. These movements take place in 04 (four) stages. 1st stage - Rotation of forms; 2nd stage - Commencement of pressing, commencement of loading of raw material and vertical extraction of brick; 3rd stage - Continuation of feed of raw material, end of pressing and horizontal extraction of brick; 4th stage - End of feed of raw material, raising of pressing plate; lowering of vertical extraction rod and withdrawal of horizontal extraction rod. Movement of vibration for homogenizing and feeding raw material is permanent.

Description

"AUTOMATIC MOBILE MACHINE FOR MANUFACTURING^ SOIL- CEMENT BRICKS AND RESPECTIVE PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING SOIL--CEMENT BRICKS"

The- present invention refers to an automatic mobile machine for manufacturing soil-cement bricks, by compressing in a- mold of an already prepared mixture of earth, cement and lime, with adequate humidity, without need for subsequent roasting.

Already known to the state of the art are two types of equipment which are the manual ones that display very limited production,- with high, coat in. human effort, or else the machines, complex, expensive and heavy and that call for manufacturing installations- that are fixed, often located far from the places of application of the bricks and the raw materials- There- are also mobile models of machines, which are driven hydraulically, by equipment completely different from the present invention, that is purely mechanical.

With, the obj.ecti.ve αf minimi7.ing these problems- the present invention was developed, through which a high rate of production is achieved,- allied to factors such as simplicity of the machine, with economy in manufacture and especially with excellent- conditions of. moving about,- so as to be able to produce the bricks at point of consumption, without need for ovens for their roasting.

The attached drawings well illustrate the arrangement of the machine that is the object of the present invention, in which, presented in a non-restrictive example: Figure 1 shows the left side view of the machine, for the best visualization of the components that permit the basic movement I, whic will be described- later in this representation; Figure 2 shows the right side view of the machine;

Figure 3 depicts a top view, showing the system of molds _r which will be described later herein;

Figure 4 shows a top view, envisaging the system that permits the basic movement V, described hereinafter; Figures 5 and 6 show vertical cross-sections of the unit for moving, the false bottom^ in- which it is possible to visualize a part of the components responsible for a part of the basic movement III, described hereinafter;

Figure 7 is a schematic cross-section of the pressing system of the machi e,, wherein can be visualized the components that comprise the basic movement II of pressing;

Figure 8 is a schematic cross-section wherein can be visualized the components of the vertical extraction system that will provide movement III; Figure 9 is a partial view, in which a part of the components of the- mechanical rotation system and the vertical extraction system can be visualized.

Thus the machine covered- by this invention consists of the following basic elements:

A — Structure — Composed of a rigid frame 1 (Figures 1, 2 and 9) , plus its attachments, which support all the remaining ones, and contains:. - Upper table 2 (Figures 2 and 9) , and serves to support the form 7, which is being pressed (Figure 1), and also serves for attachment of the rotating shaft 52 of the forms (Figure 2 and 9) ; - Lower table 23 (Figures 1, 2 and 9}, which serves as base for the machine and on which is fixed the shaft 56 (Figure 1} of the carriage;

- Columns 4 (Figures 1,- 2 and. 9) , that interlink the two tables and serve to support the whole of the components of the machine;

- Sliding guides 5- (Figure 1, 2, 7 and 9), that guide the movement of the tie-rods 25 (Figure 1, 2, 7 and 9) of the press car;

B - Mold System = > Consisting of: - Three molds 7 (Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5-, 5, 6 and 9), that receive the raw material to be pressed, contain it during the act of pressing (imparting the shape to the brick) , and take the brick, already pressed, to the point of extraction; - Rotary table 6. (Figures 1,. 2, 3,. 4_Λ 5.,. 6 and 9) _r which guides the forms in the vertical movement;

- False bottoms 8 of the forms (Figures 5 and 6) , which move vertically in their interior, at the moment of extraction of the brick,- removing it to the outside of the form: - Removable wedges 9 (Figures 5 and 6) , which serve for regulating the volume of raw material to be introduced into the form;

C - Raw Material Feeding System => Composed of: Silo 12 (Figures 1 and 2), which feeds each form that passes under it;

- Vibrator 13 (Figures 1 and 2),

Rod 16 of vibrator (Figures 1 and 2) ; - Eccentric roller 15 (Figures 1 and 2) ;

Transmission chains 14- (Figures 1 and 2) :

D - Pressing System = > Compresses raw materials to extent desired, to give consistency to the brick, and is composed of: — Pressing carriage, depicted in Figure 7, and containing:

Supporting plate 23 (Figure 7) ;

- Upper plate 24 (Figure 7) ;

- Tie rods 25 (Figure 7) : - Roller 21 (Figure 7) ;

Cam wheel 27 of press (Figures 1, 2, 7, 8 and 9) Arm 18, of press (Figures 1, 2, 7 and 9) Pressing plate 19 (Figures 1, 2, 7 and 9) Press return spring 22 (Figures 1, 7 and 9) - Press guide-pin 20 (Figure 7)

E - Vertical Extraction System = > Removes brick (already pressed} from interior of form, and is composed of:

Cam wheel 26 of vertical extractor (Figures 1, 8 and 9) - Compression rod 27 (Figures 1,. 8 and 9) ; Rocker arm 28 (Figures 8 and 9)

- Vertical extraction rod 29 (Figures 2, 5, 6, 8 and 9); Return springs 30- 2-,. a and 9) ;

System for moving false bottom of form, depicted in Figures 5 hand 6,- and composed of: - Guide channels 32 (Figures 5 and 6) Fixed pins 33- (Figures 5. and 6)

Upper roller 34 of compression shaft (Figures 8 and 9)

Lower roller 35 of compression shaft (Figures 1 and 8)

Roller of vertical extraction shaft 36 (Figures 2 and 8) ;

F — Horizontal Extraction System — > Pushes brick, already extracted from form, to outside of machine, being composed of:

Rotary arm 38 (Figure 4);

Alternating movement arm 39 (Figure 4) ;

Horizontal extraction arm- 40. (Eigure 4)

Brick pusher plate 41 (Figure 4) ; — Rotary articulation 43 (Figure 4) ;

Linear articulation 44 (Figure 4) ;

Guide bar 45- of horizontal rod (.Figure 4) .

G - Mechanical Rotation System => Produces the movements necessary for the functions of the machine, being composed of:

- Motor 46 (Figures 1 and 2) ;

Reduction System of Rotation, 47 (Figures 1 and 2) ;

- Arbor-Shaft 48 (Figures 1, 2, 7, 8 and 9); - Auxiliary Vertical Shaft 50 (Figures 1, 2, 4 and 9) ;

- Mechanism 51 of "Maltese Cross" (Figures 1, 2 and 9) ;

- Bearings 49 of Arbor Shaft (Figures 1, 7 and 8) ;

- Shaft 55 of "Maltese Cross" (Figures 1, 2 and 9) ; - Rotating Shaft 52 of Forms (Figures 2, 4 and 9) ;

- Transmission Chain 53 (Figures 1, 2 and 9) ;

- Transmission Gearing 54 (Figures 1, 2 and 9) .

H - Locomotion System = > Consists of optional structure for moving machine about, being composed of: - Shaft 56, with wheels (Figures 1 and 2) ;

Crossbar S7 for Hooking-up with vehicles (Figures 1 and 2) .

As, however, this Locomotion System is optional, the machine may be detached from this System and be supported direct on the ground when starting operation.

The process of manufacture of the soil-cement bricks can be better understood from the description of the operations of the machine, observing the figure 1.

The drive system is driven by a conventional motor 46 (electrical, diesel or gasoline) , which, after having its r.p.m. diminished by a rotation reducer 47, through the arbor shaft 48, commands 5 (five) basic movements that complement one another, namely:

Movement I - Movement I, responsible for the rotation of the system of forms, can be understood and visualized through figure 1,. complemented hxy figure 9,- in the following sequence: arbor-rod 48 (Figure 1) drives a pair of gears 54, at 9-0 degrees (Figure 1), in which arises an aux- iliary vertical shaft 50 (Figure 1) . The latter drives the "Maltese Cross" system 51 (Figure 1) , which produces a discontinuous rotation of. only 120. degrees in each cycle, and rotation that, through a transmission chain 53 (Figure 1>, causes the rotation of shaft 52 that turns the forms (Figure 9) . This rotation is synchronized with the movements of the press and of the extractors, since the forms can turn only when the other movements previously mentioned are stationary in positions that do not prevent the rota- tion of the forms.

On each advance of this shaft, the three existing forms take up one of the possible positions, one below the silo mouth, another beneath the press and the last one above the vertical extraction point.

Movement II - This movement produces the action of pressing the brick, and can be understood and visualized through figure 7. The arbor-shaft 48 drives the cam wheel 17 of the press, which turns continuously, moving the pressing car shown in Figure 7. The upward or downward movement of the carriage is obtained by the pressure that the cam wheel applies to a roller 21, attached to the carriage of the press. When the radius of the cam wheel is greater, the roller is pressured downwards and thus drags the unit in the direction of pressing the brick. When the radius of the cam wheel is lower, the pressure on the roller is diminished, permitting return spring 22 of the press to react, causing the unit to return to its initial position. There is also a period in which the cam wheel maintains its radius constant, at the minimum value. In that period the press carriage remains stationary in the highest position, then permitting the forms to rotate.

The design of the press cam wheel is such as to cause synchronization of the times of rising, declining and waiting of the press carriage with the rotating movements of the forms and the extractors. The press returns driven by the spring 22, and it may also be driven by another cam wheel similar to 17, dephased in relation to the first one, which will cause the pressing carriage to rise in analogous manner .

The supporting plate 23, which pulls the vertical tie- rods 25, the press power arm 18, the guide-pin 20 and the pressing plate 19 (Figure 9) complete the pressing, system.

Movement III - This movement, that may be better understood and visualized through figure &, complemented by figures 5 and 6, commands the vertical extraction system and is intended for the removal of the already compressed brick from the interior of the form. The cam wheel 26 of the vertic-al extractor, also driven by the arbor-shaft 48, compresses a roller 34, which in turn pushes the compression rod 27. This rod moves arm 28 of the rocker arm, whose opposite end operates rod 29 of vertical extraction. The movement of the extractor is controlled by the cam wheel. The profile of this rod is such that it is only when the forms are stationary that the vertical extractor rises, penetrating into the form and ejecting the brick from beneath to upwards. So, a spring 30 drives back the vertical extractor when the cam wheel permits this. At the moment of the extraction, the false bottom 8 of the form (Figure 5) , moves it upwards, causing the ejection of the brick. Its return is ensured by the action of a mechanism that has the property of securing it during its vertical movement, both in rising and in falling, but that releases it at the moment of rotation of the forms. This mechanism, called the "False Bottom Moving Unit", is composed of two jaws 31 (Figures 5 and 6) driven by the vertical extraction rod 29 (Figures 5 and 6) . These jaws hold projections 10 in the false bottom of the form so as to permit its being dragged down on its return. The articulated rods 37 (Figures 5 and 6) have guide channels 32,. that run attached to fixed pins 33. The upper ends of the channels have a curve that forces the j-aws to separate from the projections of the false bottom (when they are at the lowest point of extraction (Figure 6), thus releasing the false bottom referred to so as to permit the rotation of the forms. Figure 6 thus displays the "false bottom moving unit" in the lowest position, when the jaws are releasing the false bottom (Figure 6) -. The fixed pin 33 is then located in the curved portion of the channel, leading the jaws to close into the center, releasing the projections. Figure 5, in turn, shows the unit in the upper position, when the j.aws 31 are holding, the projections 10 of the false bottom so as to pull it downwards. The fixed pin (Figure 5) is located, at that point, in the straight portion of the channel, leading the jaws to open towards to ends of the false bottom,- securing them- to its projections so as to be able to pull it.

Movement IV — This movement, that can be understood and better visualized through figure 4, commands the hori- zontal extraction system. The auxiliary shaft 50 turns continuously, leading rotary arm 38. Attached to the door of this component is alternating movement arm 39, which produces an oscillating movement, since when one of its ends performs a circular movement, the other one exerts a linear movement, guided by a rectilinear channel 42, existing in the guide-bar 45. This second end, in turn, leads a horizontal extraction rod 40 guided by the same channel. To the end of the rod is attached the brick pusher plate, which removes it from the machine. The movement of the horizontal extractor is synchronized with the form rotation movement, acting only when the latter are at rest.

Movement V - This movement, which may be understood and better visualized through figure 1, commands a vibrator to cause faultless flow of the mass of the raw material from the feeder unit to the form. Starting from the motor, a transmission chain 14 produces the rotation of an eccentric roller 15, which commands a rod 16, that in turn operates a vibrator 13, attached to the mouth of the silo, producing the vibration. The complete operating cycle of the machine may be described as follows: Each operating cycle, that is, the production of one brick, is divided into 04 (four) stages, as follows: First stage - Forms are rotating; in this stage, pressing plate 19 (Figure 9) is raised; vertical extractor 29 (Figure 6) is in lowest position; horizontal extractor 41 (Figure 4) is retracted; silo material outlet opening is obstructed by rotary table. Positions, described above, permit rotation of system of forms.

Second stage - Forms are stopped; first form is beneath silo opening to receive loading of material to be compressed^ second farm, is under line of pressing plate, and compression of material is starting; third form, finally, is under vertical extractor system (which raises brick already compressed) . Horizontal extractor system is still retracted.

Third stage - Forms are still stopped: press continues its descent to conclude compression; vertical extractor system remains motionless, waiting for horizontal extraction of brick to be effected: horizontal extractor system pushes brick to outside of machine.

Fourth stage - Forms remain stopped; pressing plate is raised, vertical extractor system is lowered, horizontal extractor system is withdrawn, forms remain released for next rotation, and new working cycle begins.

Claims

C L A I M S

1. AUTOMATIC MOBILE MACHINE FOR MANUFACTURING SOIL- CEMENT BRICKS, characterized by presenting 08 (eight) basic elements: Structure (A), System of Forms (B) , Raw Material Feeder System (C) , Pressing System (D) , Vertical Extraction System (E) , Horizontal Extraction System (F) , Mechanical Movement System (G) and Locomotion System (H) , operating by 5 (five) basic movements, namely: MOV. I - rotation of form system; MOV. II - raw material pressing system; MOV. Ill - vertical brick extraction system; MOV. IV - horizontal brick extraction system; MOV.V - mechanical movement system which causes vibrations for homogenizing feeding, all synchronized by means of cam wheels operating 4 (four) working period cycles. 2. MACHINE according to claim 1, characterized in that the Structure (A) is composed of:

- a rigid framework 1 (Figures 1, 2 and 9) , plus its attachments, which support all the remaining ones and is composed of: - upper table 2 (Figures 2 and 9) , which serves for supporting form 7, which is being pressed (Figure 1), and also serves for attachment of the rotating shaft 52 of the forms (Figures 2 and 9) ; lower table 23 (Figures 1, 2 and 9) , which serves as a base for the machine and on which is fixed shaft 56 (Figure 1) of carriage; - risers 4 (Figures 1, 2 and 9-), that interlink the two tables and that serve for supporting the whole of the components of the machine;

- sliding guides 5 (Figures 1, 2, 7 and 9) , that conduct the movement of the tie-rods 25 (Figures 1,

2, 7 and 9) , of the press carriage .

3. MACHINE, according to claim 1, characterized in that the System of Forms (B) is composed of:

- three forms 7 (Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 9 , that re- ceive the raw material to be compressed, contain it during operation of pressing (giving shape to the brick) and take the brick, already pressed, to the point of extraction;

- rotary table 6- (Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 9), guiding forms in rotary movement; — false bottoms of forms 8 (Figures 5 and 6) , that move vertically in their interior, in the brick extraction stage, removing them outside the form;

- removable wedges 9 (Figure 5 and 6) , that serve to regulate the volume of raw material to be introduced into the form.

4. MACHINE, according to claim 1, characterized in that the Raw Material Feeder System (C) is composed of: silo 12 (Figures 1 and 2), that feeds each form passing beneath it; - vibrator 13 (Figures 1 and 2) ; — Rod 16 of Vibrator (Figures 1 and 2) ; Eccentric roller 15 (Figures 1 and 2);

- transmission chains 14 (Figure 1 and 2) .

5. MACHINE, according to claim 1, characterized in that the Pressing System (D) is composed of:

- pressing carriage, which is shown in figure 7, contain^¬ ing: Supporting plate 23 (Figure 7), Upper plate 24 (Figure 7), Tie-rods 25 (Figure 7}, Roller 21 (Figure 7), Cam wheel 27 of press (Figures 1, 2, 7, 8 and 9), Arm 18 of press (Figure 1, 2, 7 and 9), Pressing plate 19 of press (Figures 1, 2, 7, 8 and 9), Press return spring 22 (Figures 1, 7 and 9-) , Press Guide-pin 2 (Figure 7) 6. MACHINE, according to claim 1, characterized in that the Vertical Extraction System (E) is composed of:

- Cam wheel 26 of vertical extractor (Figures 1, 8 and 9) ;

- Compression rod 27 (Figures 1, 8- and 9) , Rocker-arm 28 (Figures 8 and 9) ; — Vertical extraction rod 29 (Figures 2, 5,

6, 8 and 9) ;

- Return springs 30 (Figures 2, 8 and 9) ;

- False bottom moving unit shown in figures 5 and 6, composed of: Articulated bars 37 (Figures 5 and 6) ; Jaws 31

(Figures 5 and 6) ; Guide channels 32 (Figures 5 and 6) ; Fixed pins 33 (Figures 5 and 6) ; Upper roller 34 of compression rod (Figures 8 and 9) ; Lower roller 35 of compression rod (Figures 1 and 8) ; and Roller of vertical extraction rod 36 (Figures 2 and 8) .

7. MACHINE, according to claim 1, characterized in that the Horizontal Extraction System (F) is composed of:

- Rotary arm 38 (Figure 4) ;

- Alternating movement arm 39 (Figure 4) ;

- Horizontal extraction rod 40 (Figure 4) ;

- Brick pusher plate 41 (Figure 4) ; - Channel 42 of horizontal rod guide-bar (Figure 4) ;

- Rotary articulation 43 (Figure 4) ;

- Linear artiαulation 44 CFigure 4) ;

- Horizontal rod guide-bar 45 (Figure 4) . 8. MACHINE, according to claim 1, characterized in that the optional Mechanical Movement System (G) is composed of:

- Motor 46 (Figures 1 and 2) ;

- Rotation Reducer 47 (Figures 1 and 2) ;

- Arbor-Shaft 48 (Figure 1, 2, 7,

8 and 9) ; - Auxiliary Vertical Shaft (Figures 1, 2, 4 and 9) ;

- Mechanism 51 of "Maltese Cross" (Figures 1, 2 and 9) ;

- Bearings 49 of Arbor-Shaft (Figures 1, 7 and 8) ;

- Shaft 55 of Maltese- Cross (Figures 1, 2 and 9) ;

- Rotating Shaft 52 of Forms (Figures 2, 4 and 9) ; - Transmission Chain 53 (Figures 1, 2 and 9) ;

Transmission Chain 54 (Figures 1, 2 and 9) .

9. MACHINE, according to claim 1, characterized in that the Locomotion System (H) , which is optional, is composed of: - Shaft 56, with wheels (Figures 1 and 2) ;

Cross-bar for hook-up with vehicles (Figures 1 and 2) .

10. MACHINE, according to claim 1, characterized by containing a form false bottom moving unit, consisting of jaws which hold on to projections existing in the false bottom so as to pull it downwards in the return movement, releasing themselves at the end of the return by the action of channels with a curve, guided by fixed pins, so as to release the- rotation of the forms.

11. A PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING SOIL-CEMENT BRICKS, as to use the machine comprised in claims 1 to 10, characterized by consisting of 05 (five) synchronized movements: rotation of the shaft of the forms (MOV. I); pressing of the raw material (MQV-.II);- vertical extraction of the brick (MOV. Ill); horizontal extraction of the brick (MOV. IV), and movements to homogenize the feed (MOV.V) , which take place in 04 (four) stages, as follows:

- First stage: forms are turning;- in this stage,- pressing plate 19 (Figure 9) is raised; vertical extractor 29 (Figure 6} is in low position: horizontal extractor 41 (Figure 4) is withdrawn; outlet opening of silo material is obstructed by rotary table;

- Second stage: forms are stopped: first form is below opening of silo so as to receive feed of material to be compressed; second form is under pressing plate line; and material compressing is commencing; third form, finally, is beneath line of vertical extractor system (which raises brick already compressed) ; horizontal extractor system is still withdrawn and extraction horizontal;

- Third Stage: forms are still stopped; press continues its descent to terminate compression; vertical extractor system stays motionless, awaiting performance of horizontal extraction of brick; horizontal extraction system pushes brick to outside of machine; and

- Fourth Stage: end of feed of raw material, raising of pressing plate; lowering of vertical extraction rod and withdrawal of horizontal extraction rod; forms remain released for new rotation, and next operating cycle starts.