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WO1999008048A1 - Bruleur pour appareil de cuisson - Google Patents

Bruleur pour appareil de cuisson Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1999008048A1
WO1999008048A1 PCT/CA1998/000761 CA9800761W WO9908048A1 WO 1999008048 A1 WO1999008048 A1 WO 1999008048A1 CA 9800761 W CA9800761 W CA 9800761W WO 9908048 A1 WO9908048 A1 WO 9908048A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
air
burner
diffuser plate
chamber
anyone
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CA1998/000761
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Jean-Pierre Patenaude
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Woodflame Inc
Original Assignee
Woodflame Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Woodflame Inc filed Critical Woodflame Inc
Priority to CA002299251A priority Critical patent/CA2299251A1/fr
Priority to AU87247/98A priority patent/AU8724798A/en
Publication of WO1999008048A1 publication Critical patent/WO1999008048A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47J—KITCHEN EQUIPMENT; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; APPARATUS FOR MAKING BEVERAGES
    • A47J37/00—Baking; Roasting; Grilling; Frying
    • A47J37/06—Roasters; Grills; Sandwich grills
    • A47J37/07—Roasting devices for outdoor use; Barbecues
    • A47J37/0754—Roasting devices for outdoor use; Barbecues with blowers providing forced air circulation
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47J—KITCHEN EQUIPMENT; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; APPARATUS FOR MAKING BEVERAGES
    • A47J37/00—Baking; Roasting; Grilling; Frying
    • A47J37/06—Roasters; Grills; Sandwich grills
    • A47J37/07—Roasting devices for outdoor use; Barbecues
    • A47J37/0704—Roasting devices for outdoor use; Barbecues with horizontal fire box
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B1/00—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel
    • F23B1/30—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel characterised by the form of combustion chamber
    • F23B1/36—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel characterised by the form of combustion chamber shaft-type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L1/00—Passages or apertures for delivering primary air for combustion 
    • F23L1/02—Passages or apertures for delivering primary air for combustion  by discharging the air below the fire
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L5/00—Blast-producing apparatus before the fire
    • F23L5/02—Arrangements of fans or blowers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2212/00—Burner material specifications
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for burners using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in a carrier gas
    • F23D2900/00018—Means for protecting parts of the burner, e.g. ceramic lining outside of the flame tube
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2209/00—Specific waste
    • F23G2209/26—Biowaste
    • F23G2209/261—Woodwaste

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a burner for the combustion of fuels such as wood, coal, oil, etc. and more particularly to a solid fuel burner which results in a highly efficient conversion to usable energy while minimizing unburned, pollution producing by-products.
  • the present invention relates to a new improved combustion system that provides dynamic combustion at low air pressure.
  • a prior art diffuser (100) and burner (102) for a combustion system as described in US patent no. 4,924,847 and 4,747,781 is illustrated.
  • the diffuser (100) includes a diffuser plate (104), a lower plate (106) and side walls (108), the combination forming a type of manifold.
  • the diffuser plate (104) is provided with a plurality of small openings (110)).
  • the bottom of the diffuser (100) is fitted with a conduit (112) thereby creating a type of manifold having an input by means of the conduit (112) and an output through openings (110) in the diffuser (100).
  • the opposite end of the conduit (112) is connected to a source of air such as an air pump (114).
  • a source of fuel such as a piece of wood or coal is placed on the surface of the diffuser plate (104) in the combustion chamber (116) of the burner (102). Ignition of the wood is initiated by igniting a suitably positioned supply of paper or other readily combustible material.
  • biofuel is becoming again a very interesting fuel as it is not only renewable, the time to produce fuel being from a few months to a few years, but unlike fossil fuel, where fuel has been accumulated through time, it does not and will not create that environment and climatic instability created by the use of fossil fuel. It is with that spirit in mind that this invention is presented.
  • the present system is specially adapted to burn chunks or pieces of wood or similar byproducts of the biofuel family.
  • An object of the present invention is to propose an improved burner that provides dynamic combustion at low pressure and therefore consumes less energy than prior art burners .
  • a burner comprising a combustion chamber bottomed with a diffuser plate, the diffuser plate having an upper surface adapted to support a source of f el , a lower surface and spaced-apart openings therethrough.
  • the burner further comprises an air-receiving chamber in fluid communication with the combustion chamber via the diffuser plate, the air-receiving chamber having an air inlet for connection to an air pump means for forcing air through the openings of the diffuser plate so as to cause the air to exit on the upper surface thereof in the form of small jets of a given velocity.
  • the burner is characterized in that it further comprises a dynamic air chamber topped with the diffuser plate, the dynamic air chamber having a bottom wall provided with a funnel-shaped inlet in communication with the air-receiving chamber for receiving an air flow of a given velocity from the air-receiving chamber and increasing said velocity to thereby create an air turbulence zone below the diffuser plate.
  • the present invention also relates to a cooking apparatus comprising a burner as described hereinbefore, a grill assembly mountable above the burner and a support to support the grill assembly above the burner.
  • Figure 1 is a cross-sectional side elevational view of a cooking apparatus including a burner according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a cross-sectional front elevational view of the cooking apparatus of figure 1.
  • Figure 3 is a perspective view of the burner of figure 1.
  • Figure 4 is an exploded side elevational view of the burner of figure 1.
  • Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of another version of a dynamic air chamber which may be set under the diffuser plate of the burner of figure 1.
  • FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional side elevational view of a prior art burner of a combustion system.
  • the cooking apparatus (10) such as a portable stove including a preferred embodiment of a burner (14) according to the present invention is illustrated.
  • the cooking apparatus (10) in a general manner comprises a grill assembly (12) with handles (52), a tubular burner (14) and a support to mount the grill assembly (12) over the burner (14).
  • the support preferably consists of an open container (16) adapted to receive therein the burner (14) in an upright position.
  • the container (16) has sidewalls (18) each having an upper edge (20) adapted to receive and support a corresponding outer edge (22) of the grill assembly (12) such that the grill (12) is mountable over the burner (14) which is enclosed in the container (16). More particularly, the upper edge (20) of each of the sidewalls (18) defines an L-shaped shoulder on which a corresponding outer edge (22) of the grill (12) is resting.
  • the burner (14) is made of a heat-resistant material preferably stainless steel.
  • the burner (14) comprises a combustion chamber (60) bottomed with a diffuser plate (62).
  • the combustion chamber (60) preferably has a cylindrical side wall (61).
  • the diffuser plate (62) has an upper surface adapted to support a source of fuel , a lower surface and spaced-apart openings (68) through the diffuser plate (62) which preferably define a latticed pattern of openings, as best seen from figure 3.
  • the source of fuel is preferably wood.
  • An air-receiving chamber (70) is in fluid communication with the combustion chamber (60) via the diffuser plate (62).
  • the air-receiving chamber (70) is fitted with a conduit (72) thereby creating a type of manifold having an inlet by means of the conduit (72) and an output through openings (68) in the diffuser plate (62).
  • the opposite end of the conduit (72) is devised to be connected to a source of air such as an air pump (74) for forcing air through the openings (68) of the diffuser plate (62) so as to cause the air to exit on the upper surface thereof in the form of small jets, represented with arrows, of a given velocity.
  • the burner (14) may comprise a shield (69) surrounding the side wall (61) of the combustion chamber (60). Also preferably, the combustion chamber (60) has an upper edge provided with a restrictive collar (71).
  • the diameter of the collar (71) is directly related to the dimension of the diffuser plate (62) (or to the dimension and quantity of the openings (68) of the diffuser plate (62) and the quantity of air supplied by the pump (74) through the diffuser plate (62) at near maximum speed).
  • the collar (71) provides a positive pressure inside the combustion chamber (60) to ensure that external air does not recirculate inside the combustion chamber (60). It also limits the dimension of the piece of wood to be inserted in the combustion chamber (60).
  • (70) of the preferred embodiment illustrated has a bottom wall
  • the burner (14) is characterized in that it further comprises a dynamic air chamber (80) topped with the diffuser plate (62).
  • the bottom wall (82) of the dynamic air chamber (80) comprises a rimmed aperture (84) which is adapted to be sealingly connected with an uppermost protruding portion (86) of the dome-shaped member (7-9) which is provided with a hole.
  • the dome- shaped member (79) as it is connected with the rimmed aperture (84) of the dynamic air chamber (80) defines a funnel-shaped inlet for the dynamic air chamber (80) in communication with the air-receiving chamber (70) for receiving an air flow of a given velocity from the air-receiving chamber (70) and increasing said velocity to thereby create an air turbulence zone below the diffuser plate (62). Therefore, the dynamic air chamber (80) provides dynamic combustion, even with a lower pressure from the air pump (74).
  • the diffuser plate (62) and the bottom wall (82) of the dynamic air chamber (80) are preferably concave.
  • the source of fuel such as a piece of wood or coal is placed on the surface of the diffuser plate (62) in the combustion chamber (60) of the burner (14). Ignition of the wood is initiated by igniting a suitably positioned supply of paper or other readily combustible material. After ignition, temperature is established, the air pump (74) is turned on, and an air flow is forced through the conduit (72) into the air- receiving chamber (70), accelerated by passing through the air- funnel-shaped inlet and out through the openings (68) in the diffuser plate (62). Combustion of the wood follows virtually instantaneously and is prompted by the jets of air, with identified arrows, exiting through openings (68) in the diffuser plate (62).
  • air under pressure in the prior art manifold provides a steady, smooth and fast moving air flow represented by dots
  • air under pressure with the funnel-shaped air inlet of the dynamic air chamber (80) provides a turbulent fast moving air flow.
  • the dynamic air chamber adds movement or turbulence to the steady, smooth and fast moving air flow of the prior art manifold.
  • the distance of the funnel-shaped air inlet, which is actually the hole in the dome-shaped member (79), and the diffuser plate (62) is between point five cm (,5 cm) to two point five cm (2,5 cm) with a preferred point nine five cm ( ,95 cm).
  • the diameter of the hole (86) of the funnel is between one cm (1 cm) and three cm (3 cm).
  • FIG. 5 another version of a dynamic air chamber (80) according to the invention and which may be set under the diffuser plate (62) of a burner (14) is illustrated.
  • the funnel-shaped inlet (88) is formed in the rimmed aperture (84) of the bottom wall (82) of the chamber (80).
  • This funnel-shaped air inlet (88) provides three different seatings for the air-receiving chamber (not illustrated): first (indicated as "a") on the perimeter of the bottom wall (82), second (indicated as "b” ) on the perimeter of the rimmed aperture (84) and third (indicated as "c") inside the funnel.
  • the angle C is between 35 9 and 85 s but preferably 75 s to 80 B .
  • the angle ⁇ provides a long smooth flow of air.
  • the funnel-shaped air inlet (88) allows, when used with a large conduit, a sharp low profile.
  • this preferred embodiment of a dynamic air chamber according to the present invention may advantageously be installed under the diffuser plate (104) of the cooking apparatus illustrated in figure 6.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Direct Air Heating By Heater Or Combustion Gas (AREA)
  • Gas Burners (AREA)

Abstract

Ce brûleur (14), destiné à un appareil de cuisson (10), comprend une chambre de combustion (60) dont le fond est constitué par une plaque de diffusion (62) présentant des ouvertures traversantes (68). Une chambre réceptrice d'air (70), placée en communication fluidique avec la chambre de combustion (60), via la plaque de diffusion (62), présente une entrée d'air (72) destinée à être raccordée avec des moyens de pompage d'air (74) servant à forcer l'air à travers les ouvertures (68) de la plaque de diffusion (62), de manière à provoquer la sortie de l'air sur la surface supérieure de cette plaque, sous la forme de petits jets d'air possédant une vitesse donnée. Le brûleur (14) est caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une chambre à air dynamique (80), surmontée par la plaque de diffusion (62) et présentant une paroi inférieure (82) pourvue d'une entrée en forme d'entonnoir (79), communiquant avec la chambre réceptrice d'air (70), afin de recevoir un écoulement d'air possédant une vitesse donnée à partir de cette chambre (70) et d'augmenter cette vitesse afin de créer ainsi une zone de turbulences en dessous de la plaque de diffusion (62). Ce brûleur (14) effectue une combustion dynamique à basse pression et donc consomme moins d'énergie que les brûleurs actuels.
PCT/CA1998/000761 1997-08-08 1998-08-07 Bruleur pour appareil de cuisson Ceased WO1999008048A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA002299251A CA2299251A1 (fr) 1997-08-08 1998-08-07 Bruleur pour appareil de cuisson
AU87247/98A AU8724798A (en) 1997-08-08 1998-08-07 Burner for a cooking apparatus

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA2,211,502 1997-08-08
CA 2211502 CA2211502A1 (fr) 1997-08-08 1997-08-08 Systeme de combustion perfectionne

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1999008048A1 true WO1999008048A1 (fr) 1999-02-18

Family

ID=4161117

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/CA1998/000761 Ceased WO1999008048A1 (fr) 1997-08-08 1998-08-07 Bruleur pour appareil de cuisson

Country Status (3)

Country Link
AU (1) AU8724798A (fr)
CA (1) CA2211502A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1999008048A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2005063096A1 (fr) 2003-12-30 2005-07-14 Woodflame Inc. Dispositif de cuisson isole du type barbecue
WO2009021886A3 (fr) * 2007-08-10 2010-09-23 BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH Appareil de cuisson, en particulier appareil de cuisson à huile végétale

Citations (26)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US739491A (en) 1902-10-03 1903-09-22 James M Miller Hollow blast-grate.
US1552365A (en) 1924-05-10 1925-09-01 Voigt Oscar Heating apparatus
US1731053A (en) 1928-05-31 1929-10-08 Doherty Res Co Porous refractory diaphragm
US1782229A (en) 1928-12-17 1930-11-18 Econoheet Company Space heater
US1983709A (en) 1932-09-28 1934-12-11 Air O Mat Burner Company Fuel burner
US2663366A (en) 1953-09-16 1953-12-22 Herman R Harris Trough-type oil burner with forced combustion air supply
US3170504A (en) 1962-06-05 1965-02-23 Corning Glass Works Ceramic burner plate
US3492986A (en) 1966-04-18 1970-02-03 Maurice Partiot Directional beamed radiant heaters
US3635644A (en) 1970-01-19 1972-01-18 Columbia Gas Syst Infrared burner and method of increasing the heat flux radiated therefrom
US3635651A (en) 1969-04-28 1972-01-18 British Petroleum Co Burner
US3810732A (en) 1971-07-01 1974-05-14 Siemens Ag Method and apparatus for flameless combustion of gaseous or vaporous fuel-air mixtures
US3870459A (en) 1968-11-06 1975-03-11 British Petroleum Co Burner for use with fluid fuels
US3885907A (en) 1970-10-06 1975-05-27 Columbia Gas Syst Infrared burner and apparatus for producing same
US3954387A (en) 1972-06-08 1976-05-04 J. Tennant & Sons (Warrington) Limited Burners
US4063873A (en) 1975-10-20 1977-12-20 Rinnai Kabushiki Kaisha Infrared gas burner plate
US4184456A (en) 1978-09-20 1980-01-22 Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation Coal feed system for a fluidized bed combustor
US4248586A (en) 1978-05-31 1981-02-03 J. Tennant & Sons (Warrington) Limited Gas burners
US4309948A (en) 1980-08-07 1982-01-12 Combustion Engineering, Inc. Solids feed nozzle for fluidized bed
US4377153A (en) 1981-04-01 1983-03-22 Flagg Rodger H Heating device
US4384535A (en) * 1981-10-14 1983-05-24 Mckelvie Alastair H Solid fuel burning furnace
US4504218A (en) 1981-02-03 1985-03-12 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Ceramic burner plate
US4639213A (en) 1984-12-17 1987-01-27 Solaronics, Inc. Confined spaced infrared burner system and method of operation
US4674973A (en) 1985-03-01 1987-06-23 Valor Heating Limited Gas burners
US4747781A (en) 1985-03-27 1988-05-31 Patenaude Jean Pierre Combustion system
EP0302685A1 (fr) * 1987-08-04 1989-02-08 Jean-Pierre Patenaude Barbecue de cuisson
JPH05245740A (ja) 1991-12-27 1993-09-24 Nakamuratome Seimitsu Kogyo Kk 旋盤の主軸台の軸力制御装置および運転制御方法

Patent Citations (27)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US739491A (en) 1902-10-03 1903-09-22 James M Miller Hollow blast-grate.
US1552365A (en) 1924-05-10 1925-09-01 Voigt Oscar Heating apparatus
US1731053A (en) 1928-05-31 1929-10-08 Doherty Res Co Porous refractory diaphragm
US1782229A (en) 1928-12-17 1930-11-18 Econoheet Company Space heater
US1983709A (en) 1932-09-28 1934-12-11 Air O Mat Burner Company Fuel burner
US2663366A (en) 1953-09-16 1953-12-22 Herman R Harris Trough-type oil burner with forced combustion air supply
US3170504A (en) 1962-06-05 1965-02-23 Corning Glass Works Ceramic burner plate
US3492986A (en) 1966-04-18 1970-02-03 Maurice Partiot Directional beamed radiant heaters
US3870459A (en) 1968-11-06 1975-03-11 British Petroleum Co Burner for use with fluid fuels
US3635651A (en) 1969-04-28 1972-01-18 British Petroleum Co Burner
US3635644A (en) 1970-01-19 1972-01-18 Columbia Gas Syst Infrared burner and method of increasing the heat flux radiated therefrom
US3885907A (en) 1970-10-06 1975-05-27 Columbia Gas Syst Infrared burner and apparatus for producing same
US3810732A (en) 1971-07-01 1974-05-14 Siemens Ag Method and apparatus for flameless combustion of gaseous or vaporous fuel-air mixtures
US3954387A (en) 1972-06-08 1976-05-04 J. Tennant & Sons (Warrington) Limited Burners
US4063873A (en) 1975-10-20 1977-12-20 Rinnai Kabushiki Kaisha Infrared gas burner plate
US4248586A (en) 1978-05-31 1981-02-03 J. Tennant & Sons (Warrington) Limited Gas burners
US4184456A (en) 1978-09-20 1980-01-22 Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation Coal feed system for a fluidized bed combustor
US4309948A (en) 1980-08-07 1982-01-12 Combustion Engineering, Inc. Solids feed nozzle for fluidized bed
US4504218A (en) 1981-02-03 1985-03-12 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Ceramic burner plate
US4377153A (en) 1981-04-01 1983-03-22 Flagg Rodger H Heating device
US4384535A (en) * 1981-10-14 1983-05-24 Mckelvie Alastair H Solid fuel burning furnace
US4639213A (en) 1984-12-17 1987-01-27 Solaronics, Inc. Confined spaced infrared burner system and method of operation
US4674973A (en) 1985-03-01 1987-06-23 Valor Heating Limited Gas burners
US4747781A (en) 1985-03-27 1988-05-31 Patenaude Jean Pierre Combustion system
US4924847A (en) 1985-03-27 1990-05-15 Patenaude Jean Pierre Combustion system
EP0302685A1 (fr) * 1987-08-04 1989-02-08 Jean-Pierre Patenaude Barbecue de cuisson
JPH05245740A (ja) 1991-12-27 1993-09-24 Nakamuratome Seimitsu Kogyo Kk 旋盤の主軸台の軸力制御装置および運転制御方法

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2005063096A1 (fr) 2003-12-30 2005-07-14 Woodflame Inc. Dispositif de cuisson isole du type barbecue
WO2009021886A3 (fr) * 2007-08-10 2010-09-23 BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH Appareil de cuisson, en particulier appareil de cuisson à huile végétale

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA2211502A1 (fr) 1999-02-08
AU8724798A (en) 1999-03-01

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