WO1999003698A1 - Pressurized gas container for a vehicle, method for filling the same and gas filling facility - Google Patents
Pressurized gas container for a vehicle, method for filling the same and gas filling facility Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1999003698A1 WO1999003698A1 PCT/DE1998/001766 DE9801766W WO9903698A1 WO 1999003698 A1 WO1999003698 A1 WO 1999003698A1 DE 9801766 W DE9801766 W DE 9801766W WO 9903698 A1 WO9903698 A1 WO 9903698A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- gas container
- container
- compressed
- compressed gas
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C5/00—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures
- F17C5/06—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures for filling with compressed gases
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
- F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
- F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
- F17C2205/0323—Valves
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
- F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
- F17C2221/012—Hydrogen
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
- F17C2221/03—Mixtures
- F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
- F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
- F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
- F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
- F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
- F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
- F17C2227/0135—Pumps
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/0302—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/04—Methods for emptying or filling
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
- F17C2250/06—Controlling or regulating of parameters as output values
- F17C2250/0605—Parameters
- F17C2250/0636—Flow or movement of content
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
- F17C2265/06—Fluid distribution
- F17C2265/065—Fluid distribution for refuelling vehicle fuel tanks
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2270/00—Applications
- F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
- F17C2270/0165—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road
- F17C2270/0168—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road by vehicles
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage
Definitions
- the invention relates to a vehicle with at least one compressed gas container serving as a vehicle tank for receiving a compressed gaseous one
- Fuel for driving the vehicle in particular natural gas (CNG) or an H 2 -rich gas, with at least one inflow opening that can be closed gas-tight by a valve.
- the invention further relates to a pressurized gas container and a method for refueling such a pressurized gas container and a gas filling system for carrying out this method.
- the operational practice during the refueling of natural gas vehicles shows that the temperature of the refueled natural gas in the compressed gas container rises uncontrollably during the refueling process. After the refueling process has ended, the temperature is equalized with the surroundings, which generally means that the compressed gas tank of the natural gas vehicle is admittedly filled, but is not full, as described by Meyer et al. in gwf Gas / Erdgas, 138 (1997), pages 8 to 14.
- the degree of filling also depends on seasonal influences. Inadequate filling of the compressed gas tank unnecessarily restricts the range of action of natural gas vehicles and is therefore an obstacle to the spread of natural gas vehicles, which would be desirable for ecological reasons.
- Fig. 1 shows in the schematic diagram a natural gas filling system according to the prior art
- a gas storage device 1 of a natural gas filling system is shown therein, from the compressed natural gas through a line 3 into the compressed gas container to be refueled 2 of a natural gas vehicle, not shown, flows.
- the gas storage 1 of the natural gas filling system is very large in comparison to the compressed gas container 2, ie the removal of a tank filling from the gas storage 1 does not lead to a significant drop in pressure in the gas storage.
- T 2 ' temperature of the natural gas in the compressed gas tank immediately after (') refueling in K
- ⁇ isentropic exponent
- Ti temperature of the natural gas in the filling system in K.
- the refueled natural gas releases its compression heat to the environment via the wall surfaces of the compressed gas container 2.
- the fueled natural gas In order to fill the compressed gas tank 2 in accordance with the requirements of the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesweg (PTB), the fueled natural gas must give off the heat of compression ⁇ Q.
- ⁇ Q m 2 'Cv (TY - T P JB)
- the heat flow Q must be extracted from the natural gas so that the compressed gas container of the vehicle can be completely filled.
- the first principle of thermal theory for closed systems is applied to the natural gas filling system and compressed gas tank system of the vehicle according to FIG. 1:
- the object of the invention is to create a vehicle that can be more easily refueled with a compressed gas tank as a vehicle tank, as well as devices and methods with which compressed gas tanks with compressed gaseous gases can be constructed in a structurally simple and inexpensive manner
- Fuels can be filled, with over and under fillings of the compressed gas container are excluded and the filling process takes place in a short time and in a continuous manner.
- the construction of a compressed gas container is to be specified, which is suitable for the refueling method according to the invention and is to be regarded in particular as a solution for retrofitting existing compressed gas containers.
- the basic idea of the present invention lies in the knowledge that the desired filling of the compressed gas container, in particular a compressed gas container in a vehicle, can be ensured in the shortest refueling time without overfilling and underfilling, if the "excess" compression heat ⁇ Q results in a particularly effective manner from the Pressurized gas container can be removed.
- the invention provides for the arrangement of a heat sink in the pressurized gas container.
- this heat sink is realized by one or more heat pipes known per se.
- a heat pipe protrudes from the outside into the compressed gas container and is closed in a gas-tight manner with respect to the inside of the compressed gas container. It is able to conduct large heat flows from the tanked and thus warm compressed gas in the compressed gas container to the environment or to transfer it to a cooling medium.
- the heat pipe thus serves to thermostate the compressed gas container. The heat generated in the pressurized gas container during the refueling process can be dissipated directly from the pressurized gas container by the heat pipe.
- Pressurized gas container is realized in that process and device measures are taken in such a way that heat can be dissipated through a mass transfer of the tank filling in the sense of "warm” against “cold".
- the basic procedural idea of such an optimized fueling process is to first establish a pressure balance between the gas storage of the gas filling system and the pressure gas container in the vehicle and then to pump the gas, which is soaked in the pressure gas container and thus warm, in a closed circuit between the gas storage unit of the gas filling system and the pressure gas container.
- an additional outflow opening has to be provided on the compressed gas container, to which a line for returning the warm tank filling into the gas reservoir of the gas filling system can be connected.
- the pumping process has the effect of a heat sink in the compressed gas tank.
- FIG. 2 shows a compressed gas container according to the invention with a heat pipe
- FIG. 3 shows a natural gas filling system according to the invention with a closed circuit for pumping around the natural gas
- FIG. 4 shows a compressed gas container with an inflow and outflow opening arranged on the same side
- FIGS. 5 and 6 variants for the design of the fitting Pressurized gas container according to FIG. 4.
- the heat pipe 20 is a mass-tight pipe with a heating zone 21 and a cooling zone 22, in which one two-phase work equipment.
- the heat pipe is preferably provided at the end of the compressed gas container 12 remote from the inflow opening, since a temperature maximum within the gas is to be expected there due to the compression and dissipation heating.
- a heat flow Q is transmitted from the natural gas in the compressed gas container 12 to the working fluid in the heat pipe 20, whereby the working fluid evaporates.
- the working fluid vapor flows to the cooling zone 22 of the heat pipe 20 in order to condense there and to transmit the heat flow Q to a cooling medium or the environment.
- the condensate flows, driven on the pipe wall, for example by a capillary structure, back into the evaporation zone of the heat pipe 20, which closes the working medium circuit of the heat pipe 20.
- phase transition of two-phase work equipment allows the large heat transfer capacity of heat pipes, which are not dependent on pumps or other mechanical devices, in a known manner. It allows the transport of large heat flows even at small temperature differences and exceeds the thermal conductivity of highly conductive metals by orders of magnitude, so that the compressed gas container is thermostatted by the heat pipe and can be refilled quasi isothermally and continuously up to the filling limit.
- the lines 103 and 104 are closed by valves which have not been shown in FIG. 3 for simplicity.
- the line 103 is provided with an inflow opening 115 that can be closed gas-tight by a valve (not shown), the line 104 with a also connected by an unillustrated valve gas-tightly closed outlet opening 16 on the pressure gas container 102.
- Line 103 is opened so that the overflow process between the gas storage 101 of the natural gas filling system and the pressure gas container 102 to
- Line 104 remains closed during the overflow process.
- the natural gas in the gas storage 101 of the filling system has cooled only slightly during the refueling process because of its very large mass in relation to the compressed gas container 102, while the natural gas filled in the compressed gas container 102 has warmed up considerably. Thus there are different temperatures in the gas storage 101 and in the compressed gas container 102 but the same pressure.
- the pressure compensation can e.g. be determined with a pressure sensor.
- Line 104 is then opened so that the pressure of the gas reservoir 101 of approximately 200 bar prevails in the entire system.
- the warm natural gas is then pumped from the compressed gas container 102 by a pump 106 through the line 104 into the gas storage 101 of the natural gas filling system, while at the same time cold natural gas flows from the gas storage 101 through the line 103 into the compressed gas container 102.
- the compressed gas container 102 could also be filled through the lines 103 and 104 at the same time until the pressure equalization has taken place in the entire system.
- the pump 106 which could of course also be installed in the line 103, can then be pumped around, as described.
- the mass which is tanked in the vehicle container 102 and flows in and out during the pumping process can e.g. be determined via a mass flow measurement using a Coriolis tube.
- the system consisting of gas reservoir 101 and compressed gas container 102 together with lines 103 and 104, reaches the equilibrium temperature (ambient temperature) at the operating pressure of the
- Natural gas filling system of approx. 200 bar.
- the equilibrium state that arises is the filling state of the compressed gas container 102, which corresponds to the requirement of the TRG 102 (200 bar at 15 ° C.) if the operating state of the natural gas filling system is adapted to the filling conditions of the PTB.
- the pump work W supplied to the gas during the pumping process may be neglected.
- the outflow opening 116 should be in a flow-favorable manner, in particular at the location of the maximum temperature in the compressed gas container 102, that is to say as diametrically as possible opposite the inflow opening 115. The same applies to the connection of lines 103 and 104 to gas storage 101 of the natural gas filling system.
- the described optimized refueling process can dispense with interruptions due to measurement and control for checking the fill level of the compressed gas container 102.
- the filling process can take place within a very short time and the compressed gas container 102 is full after the pumping-over process. It does not matter whether the compressed gas container 102 physically consists of a single container or of several individual containers connected in parallel, as is predominantly the case in practical use.
- the tank procedure described is also recommended from an energy point of view, since the filling system works with a lower operating pressure, namely 200 bar in the exemplary embodiment described, in contrast to the 250 bar that is customary today. Therefore, the compressed natural gas can be provided at a lower operating cost.
- the current filling plant technology hardly makes it possible to fill up natural gas vehicles in accordance with the regulations. Operational practice shows that low fillings are the order of the day, which is why refueling of natural gas vehicles is often necessary or a reduced range of natural gas vehicles has to be accepted.
- the present invention solves this problem in a simple and inexpensive manner.
- the above statements relate to the refueling of natural gas vehicles equipped with an internal combustion engine with compressed natural gas (CNG).
- CNG compressed natural gas
- the method according to the invention with the devices according to the invention can also be applied to tank processes for any other gases.
- the refueling of vehicles that have, for example, an electric drive powered by fuel cells should be considered with a hydrogen-rich gas or pure hydrogen.
- the tank method described above with pumping-over process is also suitable for the isothermal filling of pressurized gas containers or bottle bundles (individual containers connected in parallel) on vehicles for the transport of technical gases.
- the refueling method according to the invention can be carried out particularly easily if the inflow and outflow opening, through which the pumping of the cold compressed gas is carried out, are arranged at opposite ends of the compressed gas container.
- Pressure vessels with two such openings are generally known.
- the compressed gas containers of today's gas-powered vehicles usually only have a single opening in the. Container wall, into which a fitting is screwed, through which the pressure container is filled and the fuel can be removed while the vehicle is traveling. Since such a pressurized gas container has only a single opening, the method according to the invention cannot be used without further ado.
- a design of a pressurized gas container is proposed, which can be found in FIGS. 4 to 6 and which is suitable for converting conventional pressurized gas containers, so that the
- Pressurized gas containers themselves can be reused. This is achieved according to the invention in that a fitting is screwed into the opening of the compressed gas container, which has a connecting thread, and which has two mutually independent flow channels, a pipe being connected to one of the two flow channels and extending through the compressed gas container to that of the Opening opposite end is sufficient so that gas can be withdrawn from the opposite end through this inner tube to the outside.
- the pressurized gas container is designated by reference number 30. It has a bottle-like shape with a short bottle neck, which is provided with an internal connection thread 31. A fitting 32 for filling and emptying the compressed gas container 30 is screwed into this connecting thread 31.
- the fitting 32 has two flow channels for the gaseous fuel, which are not shown in detail and can be closed in a gas-tight manner by corresponding valves.
- To the A separate connecting line 33, 34 for filling or pumping around the compressed gas is connected or connectable to both flow channels. This can be seen in more detail in FIGS. 5 and 6 in the form of a sectional view from the area of the bottle neck of the compressed gas container 30.
- the connecting line 34 for the filling of the compressed gas is connected to a flow channel 36 which opens directly into the interior of the compressed gas container 30 on the underside of the fitting 32.
- the compressed gas flowing into the compressed gas container 30 is indicated by corresponding arrows.
- the second flow channel 35 which is connected to the outside of the connecting line 32, is connected to a pipe 37 on the inside of the compressed gas container 30. This tube 37 performs as
- pressurized gas can be withdrawn from the compressed gas container 30 through the pipe 37 and the connecting line 33 to implement the pumping process and to the compressed gas filling system, not shown are returned, while at the same time an equal volume of cold compressed gas is pumped back into the compressed gas container 30 via the connecting line 34.
- the tube 37 extending over the entire inner length of the compressed gas container 30 is clamped to the container wall opposite the armature 32.
- the pipe 37 can bend slightly out of its straight central axis.
- the free end 39 of the tube 37 is expediently closed at the end, for example by means of a stopper 40.
- a stopper 40 can advantageously be formed from an elastic material, so that the tensioning of the tube 37 is facilitated.
- the closed free end 39 has one or more inflow openings 41 in the tube wall.
- the design according to the invention makes it possible to use the only opening of the compressed gas container for guiding a gas flow into the interior of the container and at the same time also a gas flow out of the interior of the container, the gas flow being introduced at one end of the container and from the opposite one End of the container is pulled off, so that in a short time complete exchange of the volumetric filling can be accomplished.
- the variant in FIG. 6 is a concentric arrangement of the two flow channels 35, 36. Otherwise, the two variants have the same function.
- the gas flow during the pumping process is indicated by corresponding arrows in both representations.
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- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
Abstract
Description
DRUCKGASBEHÄLTER FÜR EIN FAHRZEUG , VERFAHREN ZUM BETANKEN DESSELBEN UND GASFÜLLANLAGE COMPRESSED GAS TANK FOR A VEHICLE, METHOD FOR REFUELING THE SAME AND GAS FILLING SYSTEM
Beschreibungdescription
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Fahrzeug mit mindestens einem als Fahrzeugtank dienenden Druckgasbehälter zur Aufnahme eines komprimierten gasförmigenThe invention relates to a vehicle with at least one compressed gas container serving as a vehicle tank for receiving a compressed gaseous one
Kraftstoffs für den Antrieb des Fahrzeugs, insbesondere von Erdgas (CNG) oder eines H2-reichen Gases, mit mindestens einer durch ein Ventil gasdicht verschließbaren Einströmöffnung. Ferner betrifft die Erfindung einen Druckgasbehälter und ein Verfahren zum Betanken eines solchen Druckgasbehälters sowie eine Gasfüllanlage zur Durchführung dieses Verfahrens.Fuel for driving the vehicle, in particular natural gas (CNG) or an H 2 -rich gas, with at least one inflow opening that can be closed gas-tight by a valve. The invention further relates to a pressurized gas container and a method for refueling such a pressurized gas container and a gas filling system for carrying out this method.
Die betriebliche Praxis bei Tankvorgängen von Erdgasfahrzeugen zeigt, daß während des Tankvorganges die Temperatur des getankten Erdgases im Druckgasbehälter unkontrolliert ansteigt. Nach Beendigung des Tankvorganges findet ein Temperaturausgleich mit der Umgebung statt, der in der Regel dazu führt, daß der Druckgasbehälter des Erdgasfahrzeuges zwar zulässig befüllt, aber nicht voll ist, wie von Meyer u.a. in gwf Gas/Erdgas, 138 (1997), Seite 8 bis 14, ausgeführt. Der Grad der Befüllung ist außerdem von saisonalen Einflüssen abhängig. Eine Minderfüllung des Druckgasbehälters schränkt den Aktionsradius von Erdgasfahrzeugen unnötig ein und ist somit ein Hindernis für die Verbreitung von Erdgasfahrzeugen, die aus ökologischen Gründen wünschenswert wäre. Durch eine Erhöhung des Betriebsdruckes der Erdgasfüllanlage und eine Verlängerung der Tankzeit auf mehr als drei Minuten kann das Problem der Minderfüllung abgeschwächt werden. Aus Gründen der Wirtschaftlichkeit sollten Erdgasfahrzeuge jedoch in kürzester Zeit vollgetankt werden, ohne die Erdgasfüllanlage mit höheren Drücken als 200 Bar (bei 15 °C) betreiben zu müssen.The operational practice during the refueling of natural gas vehicles shows that the temperature of the refueled natural gas in the compressed gas container rises uncontrollably during the refueling process. After the refueling process has ended, the temperature is equalized with the surroundings, which generally means that the compressed gas tank of the natural gas vehicle is admittedly filled, but is not full, as described by Meyer et al. in gwf Gas / Erdgas, 138 (1997), pages 8 to 14. The degree of filling also depends on seasonal influences. Inadequate filling of the compressed gas tank unnecessarily restricts the range of action of natural gas vehicles and is therefore an obstacle to the spread of natural gas vehicles, which would be desirable for ecological reasons. The problem of underfilling can be alleviated by increasing the operating pressure of the natural gas filling system and extending the filling time to more than three minutes. For reasons of economy, however, natural gas vehicles should be filled up in the shortest possible time without having to operate the natural gas filling system at pressures higher than 200 bar (at 15 ° C).
Fig. 1 zeigt in der Prinzipskizze eine Erdgasfüllanlage gemäß dem Stand der TechnikFig. 1 shows in the schematic diagram a natural gas filling system according to the prior art
(Meyer, s.o.). Darin ist ein Gasspeicher 1 einer Erdgasfüllanlage dargestellt, aus dem komprimiertes Erdgas durch eine Leitung 3 in den zu betankenden Druckgasbehälter 2 eines nicht dargestellten Erdgasfahrzeuges strömt. Der Gasspeicher 1 der Erdgasfüllanlage ist im Vergleich zum Druckgasbehälter 2 sehr groß, d.h. daß die Entnahme einer Tankfüllung aus dem Gasspeicher 1 nicht zu einem nennenswerten Druckabfall im Gasspeicher führt.(Meyer, see above). A gas storage device 1 of a natural gas filling system is shown therein, from the compressed natural gas through a line 3 into the compressed gas container to be refueled 2 of a natural gas vehicle, not shown, flows. The gas storage 1 of the natural gas filling system is very large in comparison to the compressed gas container 2, ie the removal of a tank filling from the gas storage 1 does not lead to a significant drop in pressure in the gas storage.
Auf eine detaillierte Darstellung mit Ventilen, Zapfsäulen usw. ist in der Prinzipskizze verzichtet worden. Während des Tankvorganges kann die Temperatur im Gasspeicher 1 der Erdgasfüllanlage als konstant (Tu = Umgebungstemperatur) betrachtet werden, im Gegensatz zum Druckgasbehälter 2. Dort steigt die Temperatur des getankten komprimierten Erdgases erheblich an und erreicht dieA detailed representation with valves, petrol pumps etc. has been omitted in the schematic diagram. During the refueling process, the temperature in the gas storage 1 of the natural gas filling system can be regarded as constant (T u = ambient temperature), in contrast to the pressurized gas container 2. There, the temperature of the refilled compressed natural gas rises considerably and reaches it
Maximaltemperatur beim Druckausgleich mit dem Gasspeicher der Erdgasfüllanlage. Unter der Voraussetzung, daß ein evakuierter Druckgasbehälter betankt wird, ergibt sich die Maximaltemperatur aus: T2 = χT,Maximum temperature when pressure equalization with the gas storage of the natural gas filling system. Provided that an evacuated compressed gas tank is filled up, the maximum temperature results from: T 2 = χT,
mitWith
T2' = Temperatur des Erdgases im Druckgasbehälter unmittelbar nach (') dem Tanken in K, χ = Isentropenexponent,T 2 '= temperature of the natural gas in the compressed gas tank immediately after (') refueling in K, χ = isentropic exponent,
Ti = Temperatur des Erdgases in der Füllanlage in K.Ti = temperature of the natural gas in the filling system in K.
Nachdem der Tankvorgang beendet ist, gibt das getankte Erdgas seine Kompressionswärme über die Wandflächen des Druckgasbehälters 2 an die Umgebung ab. Um den Druckgasbehälter 2 gemäß den Vorgaben der Physikalisch- Technischen Bundesanstalt (PTB) zu befüllen, muß das getankte Erdgas die Kompressionswärme ΔQ abgeben.After the filling process has ended, the refueled natural gas releases its compression heat to the environment via the wall surfaces of the compressed gas container 2. In order to fill the compressed gas tank 2 in accordance with the requirements of the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), the fueled natural gas must give off the heat of compression ΔQ.
ΔQ = m2' Cv (TY - TPJB)ΔQ = m 2 'Cv (TY - T P JB)
mit m2' = Erdgasmasse im Druckgasbehälter unmittelbar nach (') dem Tanken in kg, Cv = spezifische Wärmekapazität des Erdgases bei konstantem Volumen in kJ/kg K, T2' = Temperatur des Erdgases im Druckgasbehälter nach (') dem Tanken in K, TRTB = vorgegebene Fülltemperatur der PTB in K.with m 2 '= natural gas mass in the compressed gas container immediately after (') refueling in kg, C v = specific heat capacity of the natural gas at constant volume in kJ / kg K, T 2 '= temperature of the natural gas in the compressed gas container after (') refueling in K, T RTB = specified filling temperature of the PTB in K.
Mit der Vorgabe einer Tankzeit t muß dem Erdgas der Wärmestrom Q entzogen werden, damit der Druckgasbehälter des' Fahrzeugs vollständig befüllt werden kann.With the specification of a tank time t, the heat flow Q must be extracted from the natural gas so that the compressed gas container of the vehicle can be completely filled.
tt
Die Bauarten der Druckgasbehälters als Tank für Erdgasfahrzeuge haben sich von reinen Stahlbehältern über Verbundbehälter bis hin zu reinen Kunststoffbehältern entwickelt. Die Wärmedurchgängigkeit von Verbund- und reinen Kunststoffbehältern ist wesentlich schlechter als bei Stahlbehältem. Da Verbund- und reine Kunststoffbehälter vergleichsweise leicht sind und hohe Festigkeiten haben, wird diesen Behältern die Zukunft gehören.The types of pressurized gas tanks as tanks for natural gas vehicles have developed from pure steel tanks to composite tanks to pure plastic tanks. The thermal continuity of composite and pure plastic containers is much worse than that of steel containers. Since composite and pure plastic containers are comparatively light and have high strengths, these containers will belong to the future.
Die thermodynamischen Grundlagen für einen strömungstechnisch optimiertenThe thermodynamic basics for a flow-optimized
Tankvorgang sind auch in der oben genannten Veröffentlichung Meyer beschrieben:Refueling processes are also described in the Meyer publication mentioned above:
Auf das System Erdgasfüllanlage und Druckgasbehälter des Fahrzeugs gemäß Fig. 1 wird der erste Hauptsatz der Wärmelehre für geschlossene Systeme angewendet:The first principle of thermal theory for closed systems is applied to the natural gas filling system and compressed gas tank system of the vehicle according to FIG. 1:
dQ + dW = dUdQ + dW = dU
Im System Erdgasfüllanlage und Druckgasbehälter befindet sich während des Tankvorganges eine konstante Erdgasmasse. Der Tankvorgang verläuft quasi adiabat (dQ =0) und es wird keine Arbeit (dW = 0) über die Systemgrenze transportiert. Damit ist die Änderung der inneren Energie während des Tankvorganges Null (dU / dt = 0) und die Summe der inneren Energie im System konstant (∑U = Ui + U2 = konst.). Mit der Definition der inneren Energie U = mCyT folgt, daß die Temperatur im System vor und nach dem Tankvorgang gleich sein muß. Dies setzt voraus, daß es sich vor und nach dem Tankvorgang um Gleichgewichtszustände handelt. Innerhalb der kurzen Tankzeit kann bei der heute üblichen Betankungstechnik jedoch kein Gleichgewichtszustand am Ende des Tankvorganges im Fahrzeugbehälter erreicht werden, weshalb man den Tankvorgang strömungstechnisch optimieren muß. Ausgehend von diesen theoretischen Überlegungen liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein besser betankbares Fahrzeug mit Druckgasbehälter als Fahrzeugtank sowie Vorrichtungen und Verfahren zu schaffen, mit denen auf konstruktiv einfache und kostengünstige Weise Druckgasbehälter, mit komprimierten gasförmigenThere is a constant mass of natural gas in the natural gas filling system and compressed gas tank system during the refueling process. The refueling process is quasi adiabatic (dQ = 0) and no work (dW = 0) is transported across the system boundary. This means that the change in internal energy during the refueling process is zero (dU / dt = 0) and the sum of the internal energy in the system is constant (∑U = Ui + U 2 = const.). With the definition of the internal energy U = mCyT it follows that the temperature in the system must be the same before and after the refueling process. This presupposes that there are equilibrium states before and after the refueling process. Within the short refueling time, however, with today's refueling technology, no state of equilibrium can be reached in the vehicle container at the end of the refueling process, which is why the refueling process must be optimized in terms of flow. Based on these theoretical considerations, the object of the invention is to create a vehicle that can be more easily refueled with a compressed gas tank as a vehicle tank, as well as devices and methods with which compressed gas tanks with compressed gaseous gases can be constructed in a structurally simple and inexpensive manner
Kraftstoffen gefüllt werden können, wobei Über- und Minderfüllungen des Druckgasbehälters ausgeschlossen sind und der Füllvorgang in kurzer Zeit und in kontinuierlicher Weise abläuft. Außerdem soll die Bauweise eines Druckgasbehälters angegeben werden, der für das erfindungsgemäße Betankungsverfahren geeignet ist und insbesondere als Lösung zur Umrüstung vorhandener Druckgasbehälter anzusehen ist.Fuels can be filled, with over and under fillings of the compressed gas container are excluded and the filling process takes place in a short time and in a continuous manner. In addition, the construction of a compressed gas container is to be specified, which is suitable for the refueling method according to the invention and is to be regarded in particular as a solution for retrofitting existing compressed gas containers.
Gelöst wird diese Aufgabe durch ein Fahrzeug mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 1 , ferner durch einen Druckgasbehälter mit den Merkmalen des unabhängigen Patentanspruchs 5, sowie durch ein Betankungsverfahren mit den Merkmalen des unabhängigen Patentanspruchs 8 und durch eine Gasfüllanlage mit den Merkmaien des unabhängigen Patentanspruchs 14. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den abhängigen Patentansprüchen.This object is achieved by a vehicle with the features of claim 1, further by a compressed gas tank with the features of independent claim 5, as well as by a refueling method with the features of independent claim 8 and by a gas filling system with the features of independent claim 14 Further developments of the invention result from the dependent patent claims.
Der Grundgedanke der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt in der Erkenntnis, daß die gewünschte Befüllung des Druckgasbehälters, insbesondere eines Druckgasbehälters in einem Fahrzeug, ohne Über- und Minderfüllung dann in kürzester Betankungszeit gewährleistet werden kann, wenn die "überschüssige" Kompressionswärme ΔQ auf besonders effektive Weise aus dem Druckgasbehälter abgeführt werden kann. Hierzu sieht die Erfindung die Anordnung einer Wärmesenke im Druckgasbehälter vor.The basic idea of the present invention lies in the knowledge that the desired filling of the compressed gas container, in particular a compressed gas container in a vehicle, can be ensured in the shortest refueling time without overfilling and underfilling, if the "excess" compression heat ΔQ results in a particularly effective manner from the Pressurized gas container can be removed. To this end, the invention provides for the arrangement of a heat sink in the pressurized gas container.
Gemäß einem ersten Aspekt der Erfindung wird diese Wärmesenke durch ein oder mehrere an sich bekannte Wärmerohre realisiert. Ein solches Wärmerohr ragt von außen in den Druckgasbehälter hinein und ist gegenüber dem Inneren des Druckgasbehälters gasdicht verschlossen. Es ist in der Lage, große Wärmeströme aus dem getankten und damit warmen komprimierten Gas im Druckgasbehälter an die Umgebung zu leiten oder einem Kühlmedium zu übergeben. Das Wärmerohr dient somit zur Thermostatisierung des Druckgasbehälters. Die während des Tankvorganges im Druckgasbehälter anfallende Wärme kann von dem Wärmerohr direkt aus dem Druckgasbehälter abgeleitet werden.According to a first aspect of the invention, this heat sink is realized by one or more heat pipes known per se. Such a heat pipe protrudes from the outside into the compressed gas container and is closed in a gas-tight manner with respect to the inside of the compressed gas container. It is able to conduct large heat flows from the tanked and thus warm compressed gas in the compressed gas container to the environment or to transfer it to a cooling medium. The heat pipe thus serves to thermostate the compressed gas container. The heat generated in the pressurized gas container during the refueling process can be dissipated directly from the pressurized gas container by the heat pipe.
Gemäß einem zweiten Aspekt der Erfindung wird die Wärmesenke imAccording to a second aspect of the invention, the heat sink in the
Druckgasbehälter dadurch realisiert, daß Verfahrens- und vorrichtungsmäßige Maßnahmen dahingehend getroffen werden, daß eine Wärmeableitung durch einen Stoffaustausch der Tankfüllung im Sinne "warm" gegen "kalt" bewirkbar ist. Der verfahrensmäßige Grundgedanke eines solchen optimierten Tankvorganges besteht darin, zunächst einen Druckausgleich zwischen dem Gasspeicher der Gasfüllanlage und dem Druckgasbehälter im Fahrzeug herzustellen und anschließend das in den Druckgasbehälter getankte und damit warme Gas im geschlossenen Kreislauf zwischen dem Gasspeicher der Gasfüllanlage und dem Druckgasbehälter umzupumpen. Hierzu st an dem Druckgasbehälter eine zusätzliche Ausströmöffnung vorzusehen, an die eine Leitung zur Rückführung der warmen Tankfüllung in den Gasspeicher der Gasfüllanlage anschließbar ist. Der Umpumpvorgang hat die Wirkung einer Wärmesenke im Druckgasbehälter.Pressurized gas container is realized in that process and device measures are taken in such a way that heat can be dissipated through a mass transfer of the tank filling in the sense of "warm" against "cold". The basic procedural idea of such an optimized fueling process is to first establish a pressure balance between the gas storage of the gas filling system and the pressure gas container in the vehicle and then to pump the gas, which is soaked in the pressure gas container and thus warm, in a closed circuit between the gas storage unit of the gas filling system and the pressure gas container. For this purpose, an additional outflow opening has to be provided on the compressed gas container, to which a line for returning the warm tank filling into the gas reservoir of the gas filling system can be connected. The pumping process has the effect of a heat sink in the compressed gas tank.
Die beiden Lösungsalternativen werden anhand der schematisierten Zeichnung näher erläutert. Es zeigen jeweils in schematischer Darstellung am Beispiel einer Erdgasbetankung:The two alternative solutions are explained in more detail using the schematic drawing. Each shows a schematic representation using the example of natural gas refueling:
Fig. 1 eine Erdgasfüllanlage nach dem Stand der Technik,1 is a natural gas filling system according to the prior art,
Fig. 2 einen erfindungsgemäßen Druckgasbehälter mit Wärmerohr, Fig. 3 eine erfindungsgemäße Erdgasfülianlage mit geschlossenem Kreislauf zum Umpumpen des Erdgases, Fig. 4 einen Druckgasbehälter mit auf gleicher Seite angeordneter Einström- und Ausströmöffnung sowie Fig. 5 und 6 Varianten für die Gestaltung der Armatur eines Druckgasbehälters gemäß Fig. 4.2 shows a compressed gas container according to the invention with a heat pipe, FIG. 3 shows a natural gas filling system according to the invention with a closed circuit for pumping around the natural gas, FIG. 4 shows a compressed gas container with an inflow and outflow opening arranged on the same side, and FIGS. 5 and 6 variants for the design of the fitting Pressurized gas container according to FIG. 4.
In Fig. 2 ist ein zu betankender Druckgasbehälter 12, der als Tank in einem Fahrzeug eingebaut sein kann, mit einer Einströmöffnung 15 und einem Wärmerohr 20 gemäß der ersten Lösungsalternative der Erfindung dargestellt. Das Wärmerohr 20 ist ein massedichtes Rohr mit einer Heiz- 21 und einer Kühlzone 22, in dem sich ein zweiphasiges Arbeitsmittel befindet. Das Wärmerohr ist vorzugsweise am einströmöffnungsfernen Ende des Druckgasbehälters 12 vorgesehen, da dort ein Temperaturmaximum innerhalb des Gases aufgrund der Kompressions- und Dissipationserwärmung zu erwarten ist. In der Heizzone 21 wird ein Wärmestrom Q vom Erdgas im Druckgasbehälter 12 auf das Arbeitsmittel im Wärmerohr 20 übertragen, wodurch das Arbeitsmittel verdampft. Der Arbeitsmitteldampf strömt zur Kühlzone 22 des Wärmerohres 20, um dort zu kondensieren und den Wärmestrom Q einem Kühlmedium oder der Umgebung zu übertragen. Das Kondensat strömt, an der Rohrwand beispielsweise durch eine Kapilarstruktur angetrieben, in die Verdampfungszone des Wärmerohres 20 zurück, womit sich der Arbeitsmittel- Kreislauf des Wärmerohres 20 schließt.2 shows a pressurized gas container 12 to be refueled, which can be installed as a tank in a vehicle, with an inflow opening 15 and a heat pipe 20 according to the first alternative solution of the invention. The heat pipe 20 is a mass-tight pipe with a heating zone 21 and a cooling zone 22, in which one two-phase work equipment. The heat pipe is preferably provided at the end of the compressed gas container 12 remote from the inflow opening, since a temperature maximum within the gas is to be expected there due to the compression and dissipation heating. In the heating zone 21, a heat flow Q is transmitted from the natural gas in the compressed gas container 12 to the working fluid in the heat pipe 20, whereby the working fluid evaporates. The working fluid vapor flows to the cooling zone 22 of the heat pipe 20 in order to condense there and to transmit the heat flow Q to a cooling medium or the environment. The condensate flows, driven on the pipe wall, for example by a capillary structure, back into the evaporation zone of the heat pipe 20, which closes the working medium circuit of the heat pipe 20.
Der Phasenübergang zweiphasiger Arbeitsmittel ermöglicht in bekannter Weise das große Wärmeübertrag.ungsvermögen von Wärmerohren, die weder auf Pumpen oder sonstige mechanische Einrichtungen angewiesen sind. Es erlaubt den Transport großer Wärmeströme auch bei kleinen Temperaturdifferenzen und übersteigt die Wärmeleitfähigkeit gut leitender Metalle um Größenordnungen, so daß der Druckgasbehälter durch das Wärmerohr thermostatisiert wird und quasi isotherm und kontinuierlich bis zur Füligrenze betankt werden kann.The phase transition of two-phase work equipment allows the large heat transfer capacity of heat pipes, which are not dependent on pumps or other mechanical devices, in a known manner. It allows the transport of large heat flows even at small temperature differences and exceeds the thermal conductivity of highly conductive metals by orders of magnitude, so that the compressed gas container is thermostatted by the heat pipe and can be refilled quasi isothermally and continuously up to the filling limit.
Bei starker Sonneneinstrahlung können sich Erdgasbehälter, die beispielsweise auf Bussen oder im Kofferraum von PKW's montiert sind, stark erwärmen. Auch in diesem Fall ist es von Vorteil, wenn ein Wärmerohr das Erdgas im Druckgasbehälter des Fahrzeugs kühlen kann.In strong sunlight, natural gas containers, which are mounted on buses or in the trunk of cars, for example, can become very hot. In this case, too, it is advantageous if a heat pipe can cool the natural gas in the compressed gas tank of the vehicle.
Fig. 3 bezieht sich auf die zweite Lösungsvariante der Erfindung und stellt prinzipiell den Ablauf des strömungstechnisch optimierten Tankvorganges dar. Dieser strömungstechnisch optimierte Tankvorgang erfolgt im wesentlichen in drei Schritten:3 relates to the second solution variant of the invention and in principle represents the flow of the fluidically optimized fueling process. This fluidically optimized fueling process takes place essentially in three steps:
1. Vor dem Tankvorgang liegt z.B. ein Druck pι= 200 bar bei1. Before the refueling process is e.g. a pressure p = 200 bar at
Umgebungstemperatur im Gasspeicher 101 der Erdgasfüllanlage und ein beliebiger niedrigerer Druck im Druckgasbehälter 102 vor. Die Leitungen 103 und 104 sind durch Ventile geschlossen, die zur Einfachung nicht in Fig. 3 eingezeichnet wurden. Die Leitung 103 ist mit einer durch ein nicht dargestelltes Ventil gasdicht verschließbaren Einströmöffnung 115, die Leitung 104 mit einer ebenfalls durch ein nicht dargestelltes Ventil gasdicht verschließbaren Ausströmöffnung 1 16 am Druckgasbehälter 102 verbunden.Ambient temperature in the gas storage 101 of the natural gas filling system and any lower pressure in the compressed gas container 102. The lines 103 and 104 are closed by valves which have not been shown in FIG. 3 for simplicity. The line 103 is provided with an inflow opening 115 that can be closed gas-tight by a valve (not shown), the line 104 with a also connected by an unillustrated valve gas-tightly closed outlet opening 16 on the pressure gas container 102.
2. Leitung 103 wird geöffnet, so daß der Überströmvorgang zwischen dem Gasspeicher 101 der Erdgasfüllanlage und dem Druckgasbehälter 102 zum2. Line 103 is opened so that the overflow process between the gas storage 101 of the natural gas filling system and the pressure gas container 102 to
Zweck des Druckausgleiches stattfinden kann. Die Leitung 104 bleibt während des Überströmvorganges geschlossen. Das Erdgas im Gasspeicher 101 der Füllanlage hat sich während des Tankvorganges wegen dessen im Verhältnis zum Druckgasbehälter 102 sehr großen Masse nur geringfügig abgekühlt, während das in den Druckgasbehälter 102 getankte Erdgas sich stark erwärmt hat. Somit herrschen im Gasspeicher 101 und im Druckgasbehälter 102 unterschiedliche Temperaturen aber der gleiche Druck. Der Druckausgleich kann z.B. mit einem Drucksensor festgestellt werden.Purpose of pressure equalization can take place. Line 104 remains closed during the overflow process. The natural gas in the gas storage 101 of the filling system has cooled only slightly during the refueling process because of its very large mass in relation to the compressed gas container 102, while the natural gas filled in the compressed gas container 102 has warmed up considerably. Thus there are different temperatures in the gas storage 101 and in the compressed gas container 102 but the same pressure. The pressure compensation can e.g. be determined with a pressure sensor.
3. Anschließend wird Leitung 104 geöffnet, so daß im gesamten System der Druck des Gasspeichers 101 von ca. 200 bar herrscht. Danach wird das warme Erdgas aus dem Druckgasbehälter 102 mit einer Pumpe 106 durch die Leitung 104 in den Gasspeicher 101 der Erdgasfüllanlage gepumpt, während gleichzeitig kaltes Erdgas aus dem Gasspeicher 101 durch die Leitung 103 in den Druckgasbehälter 102 strömt. Der Druckgasbehälter 102 könnte alternativ auch durch die Leitungen 103 und 104 gleichzeitig befüllt werden, bis der Druckausgleich im gesamten System stattgefunden hat. Anschließend kann, wie beschrieben, mit der Pumpe 106, die selbstverständlich auch in die Leitung 103 eingebaut sein könnte, umgepumpt werden. Die in den Fahrzeugbehälter 102 eingetankte und beim Umpumpvorgang ein- und ausströmende Masse kann z.B. über eine Masseπstrommessung mittels Coriolisrohr ermittelt werden.3. Line 104 is then opened so that the pressure of the gas reservoir 101 of approximately 200 bar prevails in the entire system. The warm natural gas is then pumped from the compressed gas container 102 by a pump 106 through the line 104 into the gas storage 101 of the natural gas filling system, while at the same time cold natural gas flows from the gas storage 101 through the line 103 into the compressed gas container 102. Alternatively, the compressed gas container 102 could also be filled through the lines 103 and 104 at the same time until the pressure equalization has taken place in the entire system. The pump 106, which could of course also be installed in the line 103, can then be pumped around, as described. The mass which is tanked in the vehicle container 102 and flows in and out during the pumping process can e.g. be determined via a mass flow measurement using a Coriolis tube.
Durch den Umpumpvorgang erreicht das System, bestehend aus Gasspeicher 101 und Druckgasbehälter 102 samt Leitungen 103 und 104, die Gleichgewichtstemperatur (Umgebungstemperatur) beim Betriebsdruck derAs a result of the pumping process, the system, consisting of gas reservoir 101 and compressed gas container 102 together with lines 103 and 104, reaches the equilibrium temperature (ambient temperature) at the operating pressure of the
Erdgasfüllanlage von ca. 200 bar. Der sich einstellende Gleichgewichtszustand ist der Füllzustand des Druckgasbehälters 102, welcher der Forderung der TRG 102 (200 bar bei 15°C) entspricht, wenn der Betriebszustand der Erdgasfüllanlage den Füllbedingungen der PTB angepaßt ist. Die dem Gas während des Umpumpvorganges zugeführte Pumpenarbeit W darf vernachlässigt werden. Damit ist der Fahrzeugbehälter 102 vorschriftsmäßig vollständig befüllt. Die Ausströmöffnung 116 sollte strömungsgünstig, insbesondere am Ort des Temperaturmaximums im Druckgasbehälter 102 liegen, also möglichst diametral der Einströmöffnung 115 gegenüber. Entsprechendes gilt auch für den Anschluß der Leitungen 103 und 104 an den Gasspeicher 101 der Erdgasfüllanlage.Natural gas filling system of approx. 200 bar. The equilibrium state that arises is the filling state of the compressed gas container 102, which corresponds to the requirement of the TRG 102 (200 bar at 15 ° C.) if the operating state of the natural gas filling system is adapted to the filling conditions of the PTB. The pump work W supplied to the gas during the pumping process may be neglected. In order to the vehicle container 102 is completely filled in accordance with regulations. The outflow opening 116 should be in a flow-favorable manner, in particular at the location of the maximum temperature in the compressed gas container 102, that is to say as diametrically as possible opposite the inflow opening 115. The same applies to the connection of lines 103 and 104 to gas storage 101 of the natural gas filling system.
Der beschriebene optimierte Tankvorgang kann auf meß- und regelungsbedingte Unterbrechungen zur Füllstandkontrolle des Druckgasbehälters 102 verzichten. Durch einfaches Überströmen vom Gasspeicher 101 der Erdgasfüllanlage in den Druckgasbehälter 102 kann der Tankvorgang innerhalb kürzester Zeit erfolgen und der Druckgasbehälter 102 ist nach dem Umpumpvorgang voll. Dabei spielt es keine Rolle, ob der Druckgasbehälter 102 körperlich aus einem einzigen Behälter oder aber aus mehreren parallel geschalteten Einzelbehältern besteht, wie dies in der praktischen Anwendung überwiegend der Fall ist.The described optimized refueling process can dispense with interruptions due to measurement and control for checking the fill level of the compressed gas container 102. By simply overflowing from the gas storage 101 of the natural gas filling system into the compressed gas container 102, the filling process can take place within a very short time and the compressed gas container 102 is full after the pumping-over process. It does not matter whether the compressed gas container 102 physically consists of a single container or of several individual containers connected in parallel, as is predominantly the case in practical use.
Auch aus energetischer Sicht ist die beschriebene Tankprozedur zu empfehlen, da die Füllanlage mit einem geringeren Betriebsdruck, nämlich im beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispiel mit 200 bar, arbeitet, im Gegensatz zu den heute üblichen 250 bar. Daher kann das komprimierte Erdgas zu geringeren Betriebskosten bereitgestellt werden.The tank procedure described is also recommended from an energy point of view, since the filling system works with a lower operating pressure, namely 200 bar in the exemplary embodiment described, in contrast to the 250 bar that is customary today. Therefore, the compressed natural gas can be provided at a lower operating cost.
Die derzeitige Füllanlagentechnik ermöglicht es kaum, Erdgasfahrzeuge regelwerkskonform vollzutanken. Die betriebliche Praxis zeigt, daß Minderfüllungen an der Tagesordnung sind, weshalb oftmals ein Nachtanken der Erdgasfahrzeuge erforderlich ist oder eine verminderte Reichweite der Erdgasfahrzeuge in Kauf genommen werden muß. Die vorliegende Erfindung löst dieses Problem auf einfache und kostengünstige Weise.The current filling plant technology hardly makes it possible to fill up natural gas vehicles in accordance with the regulations. Operational practice shows that low fillings are the order of the day, which is why refueling of natural gas vehicles is often necessary or a reduced range of natural gas vehicles has to be accepted. The present invention solves this problem in a simple and inexpensive manner.
Die vorstehenden Ausführungen beziehen sich exemplarisch auf die Betankung von mit einem Verbrennungsmotor ausgerüsteten Erdgasfahrzeugen mit komprimiertem Erdgas (CNG). Selbstverständlich läßt sich das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren mit den erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtungen auch auf Tankvorgänge für beliebige andere Gase anwenden. Insbesondere ist hierbei an die Betankung von Fahrzeugen, die beispielsweise über einen von Brennstoffzellen gespeisten Elektroantrieb verfügen, mit einem wasserstoffreichen Gas oder reinem Wasserstoff zu denken. Es versteht sich von selbst, daß das vorstehend beschriebene Tankverfahren mit Umpumpvorgang auch zur isothermen Befüllung von Druckgasbehältern oder Flaschenbündeln (parallel geschaltete Einzelbehälter) auf Fahrzeugen für den Transport von technischen Gasen geeignet ist. Grundsätzlich ist es auch möglich, eine mobile Gasfüllanlage in erfindungsgemäßer Bauweise zur Betankung stationär betriebener Druckbehälter einzusetzen.The above statements relate to the refueling of natural gas vehicles equipped with an internal combustion engine with compressed natural gas (CNG). Of course, the method according to the invention with the devices according to the invention can also be applied to tank processes for any other gases. In particular, the refueling of vehicles that have, for example, an electric drive powered by fuel cells, should be considered with a hydrogen-rich gas or pure hydrogen. It understands It goes without saying that the tank method described above with pumping-over process is also suitable for the isothermal filling of pressurized gas containers or bottle bundles (individual containers connected in parallel) on vehicles for the transport of technical gases. In principle, it is also possible to use a mobile gas filling system in the construction according to the invention for refueling stationary pressure vessels.
Das erfindungsgemäße Betankungsverfahren läßt sich, wie dies vorstehend bereits erläutert wurde, besonders einfach ausführen, wenn die Ein- und Ausströmöffnung, durch die das Umpumpen des kalten komprimierten Gases vorgenommen wird, an entgegengesetzten Enden des Druckgasbehälters angeordnet sind. Druckbehälter mit zwei solchen Öffnungen sind grundsätzlich bekannt. Die Druckgasbehälter der heute vorhandenen gasbetriebenen Fahrzeuge weisen jedoch üblicherweise lediglich eine einzige Öffnung in der. Behälterwand auf, in die eine Armatur eingeschraubt ist, durch die der Druckbehälter gefüllt und der Kraftstoff während der Fahrt des Fahrzeugs entnommen werden kann. Da ein solcher Druckgasbehälter nur eine einzige Öffnung aufweist, kann das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren hierbei nicht ohne weiteres angewendet werden. Zur Lösung dieses Problems wird eine Gestaltung eines Druckgasbehälters vorgeschlagen, die aus den Fig. 4 bis 6 entnehmbar ist und die zur Umrüstung herkömmlicher Druckgasbehälter geeignet ist, so daß dieAs already explained above, the refueling method according to the invention can be carried out particularly easily if the inflow and outflow opening, through which the pumping of the cold compressed gas is carried out, are arranged at opposite ends of the compressed gas container. Pressure vessels with two such openings are generally known. However, the compressed gas containers of today's gas-powered vehicles usually only have a single opening in the. Container wall, into which a fitting is screwed, through which the pressure container is filled and the fuel can be removed while the vehicle is traveling. Since such a pressurized gas container has only a single opening, the method according to the invention cannot be used without further ado. To solve this problem, a design of a pressurized gas container is proposed, which can be found in FIGS. 4 to 6 and which is suitable for converting conventional pressurized gas containers, so that the
Druckgasbehälter selbst weiterverwendbar sind. Dies wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch erreicht, daß in die Öffnung des Druckgasbehälters, die ein Anschlußgewinde aufweist, eine Armatur eingeschraubt wird, die zwei voneinander unabhängige Strömungskanäle aufweist, wobei an einen der beiden Strömungskanäle ein Rohr angeschlossen ist, das quer durch den Druckgasbehälter bis zu dem der Öffnung gegenüberliegenden Ende reicht, so daß vom gegenüberliegenden Ende Gas durch dieses innere Rohr nach außen abgezogen werden kann.Pressurized gas containers themselves can be reused. This is achieved according to the invention in that a fitting is screwed into the opening of the compressed gas container, which has a connecting thread, and which has two mutually independent flow channels, a pipe being connected to one of the two flow channels and extending through the compressed gas container to that of the Opening opposite end is sufficient so that gas can be withdrawn from the opposite end through this inner tube to the outside.
In Fig. 4 ist dieser Sachverhalt in schematischer Form dargestellt. Der Druckgasbehälter ist mit dem Bezugszeichen 30 bezeichnet. Er weist eine flaschenähnliche Form mit einem kurzen Flaschenhals auf, der mit einem inneren Anschlußgewinde 31 versehen ist. In dieses Anschlußgewinde 31 ist eine Armatur 32 zum Befüllen und Entleeren des Druckgasbehälters 30 eingeschraubt. Die Armatur 32 weist zwei Strömungskanäle für den gasförmigen Kraftstoff auf, die nicht näher dargestellt sind und durch entsprechende Ventile gasdicht verschließbar sind. An die beiden Strömungskanäle ist jeweils eine separate Verbindungsleitung 33, 34 für das Befüllen bzw. Umpumpen des Druckgases angeschlossen oder anschließbar. Dies ist in den Fig. 5 und 6 in Form eines Schnittbildes aus dem Bereich des Flaschenhalses des Druckgasbehälters 30 näher ersichtlich. Man erkennt, daß die Verbindungsleitung 34 für das Einfüllen des Druckgases an einen Strömungskanal 36 angeschlossen ist, der unmittelbar an der Unterseite der Armatur 32 in das Innere des Druckgasbehälters 30 mündet. Das in den Druckgasbehälter 30 einströmende Druckgas ist durch entsprechende Pfeile angedeutet. Der zweite Strömungskanal 35, der außen an die Verbindungsleitung 32 angeschlossen ist, ist auf der Innenseite des Druckgasbehälters 30 an ein Rohr 37 angeschlossen. Dieses Rohr 37 führt, wie ausThis situation is shown in schematic form in FIG. 4. The pressurized gas container is designated by reference number 30. It has a bottle-like shape with a short bottle neck, which is provided with an internal connection thread 31. A fitting 32 for filling and emptying the compressed gas container 30 is screwed into this connecting thread 31. The fitting 32 has two flow channels for the gaseous fuel, which are not shown in detail and can be closed in a gas-tight manner by corresponding valves. To the A separate connecting line 33, 34 for filling or pumping around the compressed gas is connected or connectable to both flow channels. This can be seen in more detail in FIGS. 5 and 6 in the form of a sectional view from the area of the bottle neck of the compressed gas container 30. It can be seen that the connecting line 34 for the filling of the compressed gas is connected to a flow channel 36 which opens directly into the interior of the compressed gas container 30 on the underside of the fitting 32. The compressed gas flowing into the compressed gas container 30 is indicated by corresponding arrows. The second flow channel 35, which is connected to the outside of the connecting line 32, is connected to a pipe 37 on the inside of the compressed gas container 30. This tube 37 performs as
Fig. 4 erkennbar ist, bis auf die der Armatur 32 gegenüberliegende Seite des Druckgasbehälters 30. Vom freien Ende dieses Rohres 37 aus kann für die Realisierung des Umpumpvorganges Druckgas aus dem Druckgasbehälter 30 durch das Rohr 37 und die Verbindungsleitung 33 abgezogen und zur nicht dargestellten Druckgasfüllanlage zurückgeführt werden, während gleichzeitig über die Verbindungsleitung 34 ein gleiches Volumen an kaltem Druckgas in den Druckgasbehälter 30 zurückgepumpt wird. Um Schwingungen des Rohres 37 während der Fahrt eines gasbetriebenen Fahrzeugs möglichst zu vermeiden, empfiehlt es sich, das Rohr 37 möglichst innerhalb des Druckgasbehälters 30 zu fixieren. Dies kann beispielsweise dadurch geschehen, daß beim Einschrauben der4 can be seen, except for the side of the compressed gas container 30 opposite the fitting 32. From the free end of this pipe 37, pressurized gas can be withdrawn from the compressed gas container 30 through the pipe 37 and the connecting line 33 to implement the pumping process and to the compressed gas filling system, not shown are returned, while at the same time an equal volume of cold compressed gas is pumped back into the compressed gas container 30 via the connecting line 34. In order to avoid vibrations of the pipe 37 as far as possible when a gas-powered vehicle is traveling, it is advisable to fix the pipe 37 within the compressed gas container 30 as far as possible. This can be done, for example, by screwing the
Armatur 32 in den Gewindeanschluß das über die gesamte innere Länge des Druckgasbehälters 30 reichende Rohr 37 mit der der Armatur 32 gegenüberliegenden Behälterwand verspannt wird. Dabei kann, wie dies in der oberen Darstellung der Fig. 4 angedeutet ist, das Rohr 37 aus seiner geraden Mittelachse etwas ausknicken. Zweckmäßigerweise wird das freie Ende 39 des Rohres 37 stirnseitig beispielsweise mittels eines Stopfens 40 verschlossen. Ein solcher Stopfen 40 kann vorteilhaft aus einem elastischen Material gebildet sein, so daß das Verspannen des Rohres 37 erleichtert wird. Das verschlossene freie Ende 39 weist ein oder mehrere Einströmöffnungen 41 in der Rohrwand auf.Armature 32 in the threaded connection, the tube 37 extending over the entire inner length of the compressed gas container 30 is clamped to the container wall opposite the armature 32. Here, as is indicated in the upper illustration in FIG. 4, the pipe 37 can bend slightly out of its straight central axis. The free end 39 of the tube 37 is expediently closed at the end, for example by means of a stopper 40. Such a plug 40 can advantageously be formed from an elastic material, so that the tensioning of the tube 37 is facilitated. The closed free end 39 has one or more inflow openings 41 in the tube wall.
Durch die erfindungsgemäße Gestaltung ist es möglich, die einzige Öffnung des Druckgasbehälters für die Führung eines Gasstromes in das Innere des Behälters und gleichzeitig auch eines Gasstromes aus dem Inneren des Behälters heraus zu nutzen, wobei der Gasstrom an einem Ende des Behälters eingeführt und von dem gegenüberliegenden Ende des Behälters abgezogen wird, so daß in kurzer Zeit ein vollständiger Austausch der volumetrischen Befüllung bewerkstelligt werden kann. Selbstverständlich ist es auch möglich, für den eigentlichen Befüllvorgang beide Strömungskanäle gleichzeitig zu nutzen, so daß das zu tankende Gas an beiden Enden des Druckgasbehälters eintreten kann.The design according to the invention makes it possible to use the only opening of the compressed gas container for guiding a gas flow into the interior of the container and at the same time also a gas flow out of the interior of the container, the gas flow being introduced at one end of the container and from the opposite one End of the container is pulled off, so that in a short time complete exchange of the volumetric filling can be accomplished. Of course, it is also possible to use both flow channels simultaneously for the actual filling process, so that the gas to be refueled can enter at both ends of the compressed gas container.
Während die beiden Strömungskanäle 35, 36 in Fig. 5 parallel nebeneinander angeordnet sind, handelt es sich bei der Variante in Fig. 6 um eine konzentrische Anordnung der beiden Strömungskanäle 35, 36. Im übrigen sind die beiden Varianten funktionsgleich. Die Gasströmung während des Umpumpvorgangs ist in beiden Darstellungen durch entsprechende Pfeile angedeutet. While the two flow channels 35, 36 in FIG. 5 are arranged parallel to one another, the variant in FIG. 6 is a concentric arrangement of the two flow channels 35, 36. Otherwise, the two variants have the same function. The gas flow during the pumping process is indicated by corresponding arrows in both representations.
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU89719/98A AU8971998A (en) | 1997-07-16 | 1998-06-19 | Pressurized gas container for a vehicle, method for filling the same and gas filling facility |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19730459A DE19730459C2 (en) | 1997-07-16 | 1997-07-16 | Devices and methods for the isothermal refueling of natural gas vehicles with compressed natural gas CNG |
| DE19730459.1 | 1997-07-16 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1999003698A1 true WO1999003698A1 (en) | 1999-01-28 |
Family
ID=7835876
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/DE1998/001766 Ceased WO1999003698A1 (en) | 1997-07-16 | 1998-06-19 | Pressurized gas container for a vehicle, method for filling the same and gas filling facility |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU8971998A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE19730459C2 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1999003698A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19850191A1 (en) * | 1998-10-22 | 2000-05-11 | Mannesmann Ag | Gas filling station with compressed gas storage tank and compressor device |
| DE19916385C2 (en) * | 1999-03-31 | 2001-02-08 | Mannesmann Ag | Vehicle with compressed gas tank as a vehicle tank |
| US7377294B2 (en) | 2005-04-20 | 2008-05-27 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | Gas cooling methods for high pressure fuel storage tanks on vehicles powered by compressed natural gas or hydrogen |
| US7757726B2 (en) | 2005-05-06 | 2010-07-20 | Kiyoshi Handa | System for enhancing the efficiency of high pressure storage tanks for compressed natural gas or hydrogen |
| US7681604B2 (en) | 2005-05-09 | 2010-03-23 | Kiyoshi Handa | Gas cooling method using a melting/solidifying media for high pressure storage tanks for compressed natural gas or hydrogen |
| US7735528B2 (en) * | 2006-04-13 | 2010-06-15 | Kiyoshi Handa | High pressure gas tank cooling by ejector pump circulation |
| DE102014000639A1 (en) | 2013-01-18 | 2014-07-24 | Michael Feldmann | Method for operating gas station dispensing gaseous fuel, particularly natural gas or natural gas-substitute, involves measuring prevailing pressure on each pressure stage of installed gas storage system by suitable pressure sensors |
| EP2908044A3 (en) | 2014-01-17 | 2015-09-09 | Michael Feldmann | Methods and systems for a petrol station for size-optimised dispensing of gaseous gas fuels to mobile consumers |
| EP2899449A3 (en) | 2014-01-20 | 2015-09-02 | Michael Feldmann | Method and system configuration for dynamised construction of a petrol station infrastructure |
| DE102019203268A1 (en) * | 2019-03-11 | 2020-09-17 | Siemens Mobility GmbH | Gas tank system, method of operating the gas tank system and train with gas tank system |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5370159A (en) * | 1993-07-19 | 1994-12-06 | Price Compressor Company, Inc. | Apparatus and process for fast filling with natural gas |
| DE4342210A1 (en) * | 1993-12-10 | 1995-06-14 | Daimler Benz Aerospace Ag | Storage of aircraft cryogenic fuel during flight, preventing fuel temp. and gas pressure variation |
| US5479966A (en) * | 1993-07-26 | 1996-01-02 | Consolidated Natural Gas Service Company, Inc. | Quick fill fuel charge process |
| US5570729A (en) * | 1993-11-08 | 1996-11-05 | Maschinenfabrik Sulzer-Burckhardt Ag | Method and apparatus for the rapid tanking of a pressure container with a gaseous medium |
-
1997
- 1997-07-16 DE DE19730459A patent/DE19730459C2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1998
- 1998-06-19 AU AU89719/98A patent/AU8971998A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-06-19 WO PCT/DE1998/001766 patent/WO1999003698A1/en not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5370159A (en) * | 1993-07-19 | 1994-12-06 | Price Compressor Company, Inc. | Apparatus and process for fast filling with natural gas |
| US5479966A (en) * | 1993-07-26 | 1996-01-02 | Consolidated Natural Gas Service Company, Inc. | Quick fill fuel charge process |
| US5570729A (en) * | 1993-11-08 | 1996-11-05 | Maschinenfabrik Sulzer-Burckhardt Ag | Method and apparatus for the rapid tanking of a pressure container with a gaseous medium |
| DE4342210A1 (en) * | 1993-12-10 | 1995-06-14 | Daimler Benz Aerospace Ag | Storage of aircraft cryogenic fuel during flight, preventing fuel temp. and gas pressure variation |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| MEYER ET AL., GWF GAS/ERDGAS, vol. 138, 1997, pages 8 - 14 |
| MEYER K A J,WIEDEMANN H: "Thermo- und gasdynamische Aspekte der Betankung von Erdgasfahrzeugen mit komprimiertem Erdgas CNG", GWF GAS/ERDGAS, January 1997 (1997-01-01), pages 8 - 14, XP002084823 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE19730459A1 (en) | 1999-01-21 |
| DE19730459C2 (en) | 1999-10-28 |
| AU8971998A (en) | 1999-02-10 |
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