WO1999057946A1 - Source de rayons x et application a la radiographie - Google Patents
Source de rayons x et application a la radiographie Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1999057946A1 WO1999057946A1 PCT/FR1999/001052 FR9901052W WO9957946A1 WO 1999057946 A1 WO1999057946 A1 WO 1999057946A1 FR 9901052 W FR9901052 W FR 9901052W WO 9957946 A1 WO9957946 A1 WO 9957946A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- target
- electrons
- rays
- energy
- source
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J35/00—X-ray tubes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05G—X-RAY TECHNIQUE
- H05G2/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for producing X-rays, not involving X-ray tubes, e.g. involving generation of a plasma
Definitions
- the present invention relates to X-ray emission devices. More specifically, the invention relates to a new source of X-rays for applications in radiology, in particular medical.
- Cyclotronique Electronique different from that used by existing tube installations, and whose implementation does not require a high voltage supply. This principle, which was described in an article published in 1990 by MM. Garner et al. In Review of Scientific Instrumentation, is schematically the following: electrons emitted by a heated filament in a cavity, exposed to microwave radiation, enter certain resonant conditions to create a plasma in which, having reached levels of high energy, said electrons move at high speed. If a solid target is placed on the path of these energetic electrons, it can emit X-rays.
- 5,355,399 is a device operating according to the same principle as the devices of the patents cited above and emitting X-rays, and a method associated with this device for producing radiographic images. But in this latter device, the target located in the median plane of the magnetic field disturbs the generation of energetic electrons, which leads to limiting the flow of X-rays emitted by the device. This has a direct influence on the operation of the device and on the quality of the images, since a low X-ray rate implies long exposure times of the subject to be radiographed, which, on the one hand, is restricting in practice and, on the other hand, decreases the resolution of the image obtained due to the movements of the subject during the exposure time. This important limitation prohibits operational operation of the device.
- An object of the present invention is to make it possible to produce a radiology device according to the principle of X-ray emission by RCE, so as to have an X-ray rate sufficient in particular to produce images of at least equal quality. to that of the current stereotypes produced by apparatuses with tubes, by using a source of X-rays compact and transportable, not implementing high voltage supply.
- a second object of the invention is to make it possible to produce an X-ray source whose response time to a control signal is short enough to produce fixed or animated radiography images,
- a third object of the invention is to allow stereoradiography images to be produced and to produce radiographic images in relief.
- an X-ray emission device comprising a microwave source, a resonance chamber containing a hermetically confined volume of gas, a magnetic structure defining a geometric zone.
- electron confinement in which electrons move at high speed and at least one target placed on an electron path to emit X-rays, characterized in that the or each target is offset relative to a median region of the geometric containment area.
- the magnetic field is symmetrical and the middle region of the geometric confinement zone is a plane
- the magnetic structure comprises at least one pair of permanent magnets placed on either side of the resonance chamber, the magnetic structure comprises coils placed on either side of the resonance chamber,
- the means for varying the intensity of the current in the coils are capable of carrying out the variation in intensity slowly enough to allow the electrons to keep substantially invariant the ratio B / ⁇ , where B is the value of the magnetic field and ⁇ ⁇ l-tWc 2 , v being the speed of the electron, c the speed of light and ⁇ the mass of the electrons,
- the device comprises means for adjusting the configuration of the magnetic structure so as to vary the energy of the X-rays emitted
- the device comprises means for adjusting the position of the target (s) so as to vary the energy of the X-rays emitted,
- the microwave source comprises means for modulating the emission of microwaves
- the device comprises two targets
- the invention also proposes an X-ray installation comprising an X-ray emission device according to one of the aspects described above and comprising two targets, means for forming two X-ray images of the same object according to two different angles and means for reconstructing a stereoradiography image of said object.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an XRCE source of a known type
- Figure 2 is a schematic front view of an XRCE source of a known type
- Figure 3 is a schematic view of the trajectory of energetic electrons in the middle region of the magnetic field of an XRCE source
- Figure 4 is a graph showing the variation of the intensity of the X-ray emitted as a function of the position of the target relative to the median plane of the magnetic field
- Figures 5a and 5b show trajectories of energetic electrons in an XRCE source, obtained by modeling for a distance between the magnets of 6.2 cm.
- the energy of the electrons is 36 to 38 keV (FIG. 5a) and 40 keV (FIG. 5b), FIGS.
- FIG. 6a, 6b and 6c are schematic representations of the position of a target in a device according to the invention
- Figure 7 is a graph showing the evolution of the intensity and energy of the X-ray spectrum emitted by an XRCE source, as a function of the distance between the magnets. The lower curve corresponds to a distance of 6.3 cm and the upper curve to a distance of 9.1 cm
- Figure 8 is a graph showing the variation of the intensity and energy of the X-ray spectrum emitted by an XRCE source, as a function of the distance between the magnets
- FIG. 9 is a graph showing the variation of the dose rate of an XRCE source with target as a function of the pressure, for a microwave power of 200W and a distance between the 6.2 cm magnets
- FIG. 10 is a graph showing the variation of the dose rate of an XRCE source with target as a function of the microwave power, for a distance between the magnets of 6.2 cm.
- the bottom curve corresponds to a pressure of 2.3 10 '5 Torr and the top curve corresponds to a pressure of 6.2 10 "5 Torr
- FIG. 11 is a schematic view of an XRCE source according to the invention
- FIG. 12 is an example of an image obtained using the device according to the invention
- FIG. 13 is a schematic representation of an embodiment of the target usable in the device according to the invention
- Figure 14 is a schematic top view of an alternative embodiment of the invention.
- An aluminum enclosure 10 is hermetically closed at its two ends by a window 20 which can be made of a material such as Teflon (registered trademark) or quartz, and by an aluminum window 30, respectively.
- the enclosure 10 thus closed by the windows 20 and 30 defines a cavity 40 filled with argon, the pressure of which is maintained at a set value which can be between 10 "6 and 10 " 4 Torr, thanks to a pressure regulator of a type known per se and not shown in the figures.
- On either side of the cavity 40 are two permanent magnets 50 and 51, identical and coaxial, inducing a magnetic field B of axis Z.
- This magnetic field is symmetrical with respect to a median plane M containing a main direction of the cavity 40 and having an intersection with said cavity.
- a microwave source 60 facing the window 20 is capable of injecting through said window microwaves of frequency F typically equal to 2.45 Gigahertz, to excite the electrons contained in the cavity 40.
- a target 90 in tungsten is carried by a fixed support 80, so as to be in the median plane M.
- a receiving plate carrying a photosensitive film 100, of a known type and usually used in radiology, is located next to the aluminum window 30.
- the device in FIG. 1 is capable of emitting X-rays according to the following known principle: Subjected to the radiation of microwaves from source 60, the electrons become “energetic", that is to say that their energy increases, and each move according to particular trajectories. There thus exists between the two magnets a so-called confinement zone H, having substantially the shape of a hyperboloid of revolution of axis Z, in which are registered the trajectories of the electrons entering in resonance with the microwaves and being charged in energy . The energy of the electrons increases as long as said electrons are contained in this resonance zone, and a part of the trajectories of the energetic electrons is consequently included in the resonance zone H, represented in FIG. 2.
- a tungsten target 90 is placed in the part of the median plane M included in said hyperboloid and is thus on the trajectory of energetic electrons.
- the X-rays generated by this bombardment of the target 90 by the electrons, are directed towards the aluminum window 30 thanks to an adequate orientation of said target 90, as illustrated in FIG. 3 which schematically represents the envelope of the trajectory T of an energetic electron in the median plane M.
- the aluminum window 30 has two functions: on the one hand, it seals the cavity 40 so as to contain the argon under low pressure inside said cavity, on the other hand it must also be thin enough to allow the X-rays to exit from said cavity to go and strike the film 100. It is possible, using a device of this type, to make images of an object or of a part of the exposed body (e) between the aluminum window 30 and the film 100. But as we said, the pictures obtained with this existing device, in which the target is placed in the median plane M, are of low resolution.
- the Applicant has discovered that it was possible to substantially increase the density of the X-ray radiation emitted by an XRCE source, by shifting the position of the target outside the median plane M of the magnetic field. To highlight this property, the Applicant has varied the position of the target on either side of the median plane, keeping the radius constant (distance between the target and the Z axis). The results of this experiment, which are presented in Figure 4, show that there is an optimal position of the target relative to the median plane.
- the Applicant has modeled the trajectory of energetic electrons in cavity 40.
- the model used has been validated experimentally by comparing the energy levels of electrons, as shown in the tables below which show the levels d 'maximum energy Emax of the electrons for different spacing values D between the magnets of the source, said maximum energies being obtained on the one hand by modeling and on the other hand experimentally:, (c ⁇ ) jj: if ⁇ X ; f ⁇ odél ⁇ ⁇ fj ⁇ cm): s £ ⁇ a ⁇ ô) ⁇ érme ⁇ tâf6.
- FIG. 6a By placing the target 90 in the median plane as illustrated in FIG. 6a in which the resonance zone H and the envelope E of the traces of the trajectory of an energetic electron in the horizontal plane comprising the Z axis are represented schematically, we are therefore guaranteed to intercept the electrons from the start of their movement in the resonance zone, whereas said electrons will probably only be not very energetic.
- FIG. 6c illustrates an intermediate position of the target on the path of the electrons, between the central position of FIG. 6a and the marginal position of FIG. 6b.
- the Applicant has identified parameters influencing the operation of an XRCE source, and characterized the influence of these input parameters of the device on the emission of X-rays, which is itself described by two output parameters.
- the following table summarizes the input and output parameters of the device: Paranrieter d ⁇ ⁇ l ⁇ j ⁇ erjtré ⁇ II
- Incident microwave power P ⁇ Radiation intensity (I), assimilable Gas pressure in the cavity (P) at the dose rate (Dd) Magnetic field (B), and distance between the magnets (D)
- the dose rate of the X-rays emitted depends on the power of the microwaves coming from the source 60.
- FIG. 10 indeed shows the increase in the dose rate Dd emitted by a target placed in an XRCE source, as a function of the power P ⁇ from microwaves. This property is also important because the dose rate is a parameter which seems to limit the performance of existing XRCE sources and currently prohibits their operational exploitation. Among the operational parameters, the power P ⁇ of the microwaves is therefore one of the factors making it possible to achieve the desired dose rate.
- the source according to the invention is provided with a device 70 for three-dimensional movement of the support 80 of the target 90.
- Said target intercepting the electrons when they are located on the part of their path located on the side of microwave source 60, is according to the invention placed by means of the displacement device 70 in a plane N parallel to the median plane M and offset by a distance ⁇ z relative to said plane M.
- the target 90 is in this embodiment of the invention consists of a beveled surface at the end of a bar, but may consist of a flat surface element of any geometry, the orientation of which is controlled to direct the beam of X-rays emitted.
- the displacement device 70 makes it possible to adjust the position of the target with an accuracy of the order of a millimeter or better.
- the support 80 of the target 90 is made of a material resistant to the impacts of energetic electrons, such as ceramic.
- the magnets 50 and 51 are not fixed as in the known device of FIG. 1, but are able to move along the magnetic axis Z, to traverse the segments 500 and 510 respectively. The movement of the magnets can be controlled by a positioning system also known per se, not shown in FIG. 11.
- the microwave source 60 delivers a radiation whose power is adjustable, for example between 0 and 1000 W.
- the device according to the invention therefore allows adjustments to be made to adjust the energy of the X-rays on the one hand, and their dose rate on the other. 13
- FIG. 12 An example of an x-ray image obtained on film 100 is shown in FIG. 12.
- the microwave source 60 can emit in an impulse manner in the direction of the cavity 40.
- This impulse command makes it possible to generate energetic electrons in the cavity in an equally impulse mode, because the times rise and fall of electron energy are extremely short.
- X-ray pulses are thus generated at the source, the durations of which can typically be of the order of nannoseconds.
- This variant is therefore particularly advantageous for applications which require only reduced exposure times, such as scintigraphy or fluorometry which require exposure times of the order of a millisecond.
- the pulse emission allows for these applications to minimize the effective exposure time, compared to existing tube installations which have significant rise times ("heating" of the cathode) and which expose the subject unnecessarily, causing risks carcinogenesis.
- the XRCE source comprises two targets 91 and 92, mounted on the support 80 as shown in FIG. 13.
- This particular configuration makes it possible to have two X-ray emission points.
- the two targets By placing, thanks to the displacement device 70 and as indicated in FIG. 14, the two targets symmetrically with respect to the median plane M, electrons are intercepted with the two targets making it possible to emit according to the same spectrum.
- a fourth variant of the invention it is possible to use to create the magnetic field B both permanent magnets and at least one pair of coils in which the current is slowly varied to generate a variable magnetic field superimposed on the fixed magnetic field B generated by permanent magnets.
- a variation of the magnetic field if it extends over a time interval typically greater than one millisecond, makes it possible to keep the ratio B / ⁇ invariant, where B is the value of the magnetic field and ⁇ a value directly related to energy.
- B is the value of the magnetic field and ⁇ a value directly related to energy.
- the present description uses for illustration purposes an XRCE source configuration in which the magnetic field is symmetrical and defines a median plane M in which energetic electrons are confined.
- the invention is in no way limited to this particular embodiment. It is indeed possible according to the invention to develop an XRCE source in which the magnetic field is not symmetrical; such an XRCE source will also include a confinement zone of energetic electrons comprising a median region, equivalent to the median plane M used in the present description, the geometry of said median region possibly being non-planar.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- X-Ray Techniques (AREA)
- Analysing Materials By The Use Of Radiation (AREA)
- Apparatus For Radiation Diagnosis (AREA)
- Conversion Of X-Rays Into Visible Images (AREA)
- Non-Silver Salt Photosensitive Materials And Non-Silver Salt Photography (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE69901173T DE69901173D1 (de) | 1998-05-04 | 1999-05-04 | Röntgenstrahlungsquelle und ihre verwendung in der radiographie |
| EP99922221A EP1077019B1 (fr) | 1998-05-04 | 1999-05-04 | Source de rayons x et son application a la radiographie |
| US09/674,791 US6449338B1 (en) | 1998-05-04 | 1999-05-04 | X-ray source and use in radiography |
| AU39350/99A AU3935099A (en) | 1998-05-04 | 1999-05-04 | X-ray source and use in radiography |
| AT99922221T ATE215771T1 (de) | 1998-05-04 | 1999-05-04 | Röntgenstrahlungsquelle und ihre verwendung in der radiographie |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9805614A FR2778306B1 (fr) | 1998-05-04 | 1998-05-04 | Source de rayons x et application a la radiographie |
| FR98/05614 | 1998-05-04 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1999057946A1 true WO1999057946A1 (fr) | 1999-11-11 |
Family
ID=9525993
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/FR1999/001052 Ceased WO1999057946A1 (fr) | 1998-05-04 | 1999-05-04 | Source de rayons x et application a la radiographie |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6449338B1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP1077019B1 (fr) |
| AT (1) | ATE215771T1 (fr) |
| AU (1) | AU3935099A (fr) |
| DE (1) | DE69901173D1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2778306B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO1999057946A1 (fr) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10261803A1 (de) * | 2002-12-19 | 2004-07-15 | Infineon Technologies Ag | Strahlungsquelle zur Erzeugung von EUV-Strahlung und Verfahren zur Erzeugung von EUV-Strahlung |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7068825B2 (en) * | 1999-03-08 | 2006-06-27 | Orametrix, Inc. | Scanning system and calibration method for capturing precise three-dimensional information of objects |
| DE10257207B4 (de) * | 2002-12-06 | 2004-11-11 | Siemens Ag | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Erzeugung von Röntgenstrahlung, Röntgendiagnostikeinrichtung und Verfahren zur Erzeugung eines dreidimensionalen Bildes eines Untersuchungsobjekts |
| HK1207468A1 (en) | 2012-04-20 | 2016-01-29 | Bruker Axs Handheld, Inc. | Apparatus for protecting a radiation window |
| CN115832744A (zh) | 2018-02-26 | 2023-03-21 | 伊顿智能动力有限公司 | 用于高功率应用的弹簧致动式电连接器 |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4287420A (en) * | 1978-11-02 | 1981-09-01 | Toshiba Corporation | Stereoscopic X-ray device |
| RU1804661C (ru) * | 1991-06-10 | 1993-03-23 | Константин Саввич Голованивский | Генератор рентгеновского излучени |
| WO1993017446A1 (fr) * | 1992-02-28 | 1993-09-02 | Ruxam, Inc. | Source de rayon x a micro-ondes et procedes de sterilisation |
| WO1996005600A1 (fr) * | 1994-08-11 | 1996-02-22 | Ruxam, Inc. | Source de rayons x portative et procede de radiographie |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5838760A (en) * | 1995-01-12 | 1998-11-17 | Kenneth G. Moses | Method and apparatus for product x-radiation |
| US5577090A (en) * | 1995-01-12 | 1996-11-19 | Moses; Kenneth G. | Method and apparatus for product x-radiation |
-
1998
- 1998-05-04 FR FR9805614A patent/FR2778306B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1999
- 1999-05-04 AU AU39350/99A patent/AU3935099A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-05-04 WO PCT/FR1999/001052 patent/WO1999057946A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 1999-05-04 DE DE69901173T patent/DE69901173D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-05-04 EP EP99922221A patent/EP1077019B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-05-04 AT AT99922221T patent/ATE215771T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-05-04 US US09/674,791 patent/US6449338B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4287420A (en) * | 1978-11-02 | 1981-09-01 | Toshiba Corporation | Stereoscopic X-ray device |
| RU1804661C (ru) * | 1991-06-10 | 1993-03-23 | Константин Саввич Голованивский | Генератор рентгеновского излучени |
| WO1993017446A1 (fr) * | 1992-02-28 | 1993-09-02 | Ruxam, Inc. | Source de rayon x a micro-ondes et procedes de sterilisation |
| WO1996005600A1 (fr) * | 1994-08-11 | 1996-02-22 | Ruxam, Inc. | Source de rayons x portative et procede de radiographie |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| DATABASE WPI Section EI Week 9422, Derwent World Patents Index; Class V05, AN 94-181711, XP002089941 * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10261803A1 (de) * | 2002-12-19 | 2004-07-15 | Infineon Technologies Ag | Strahlungsquelle zur Erzeugung von EUV-Strahlung und Verfahren zur Erzeugung von EUV-Strahlung |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1077019B1 (fr) | 2002-04-03 |
| FR2778306B1 (fr) | 2000-07-21 |
| EP1077019A1 (fr) | 2001-02-21 |
| FR2778306A1 (fr) | 1999-11-05 |
| AU3935099A (en) | 1999-11-23 |
| DE69901173D1 (de) | 2002-05-08 |
| US6449338B1 (en) | 2002-09-10 |
| ATE215771T1 (de) | 2002-04-15 |
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