WO1999052127A2 - Pyrolysis reactor for the pyrolysis of organic and inorganic samples, elementary analyser containing said pyrolysis reactor and method for mass-spectrometry - Google Patents
Pyrolysis reactor for the pyrolysis of organic and inorganic samples, elementary analyser containing said pyrolysis reactor and method for mass-spectrometry Download PDFInfo
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- WO1999052127A2 WO1999052127A2 PCT/EP1999/002157 EP9902157W WO9952127A2 WO 1999052127 A2 WO1999052127 A2 WO 1999052127A2 EP 9902157 W EP9902157 W EP 9902157W WO 9952127 A2 WO9952127 A2 WO 9952127A2
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D21/00—Arrangement of monitoring devices; Arrangement of safety devices
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B17/00—Furnaces of a kind not covered by any of groups F27B1/00 - F27B15/00
- F27B17/02—Furnaces of a kind not covered by any of groups F27B1/00 - F27B15/00 specially designed for laboratory use
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J49/00—Particle spectrometers or separator tubes
- H01J49/02—Details
- H01J49/04—Arrangements for introducing or extracting samples to be analysed, e.g. vacuum locks; Arrangements for external adjustment of electron- or ion-optical components
- H01J49/0468—Arrangements for introducing or extracting samples to be analysed, e.g. vacuum locks; Arrangements for external adjustment of electron- or ion-optical components with means for heating or cooling the sample
- H01J49/0472—Arrangements for introducing or extracting samples to be analysed, e.g. vacuum locks; Arrangements for external adjustment of electron- or ion-optical components with means for heating or cooling the sample with means for pyrolysis
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for mass-spectrometric on-line determination of the oxygen iso topical composition of a sample, with which the ⁇ 18CD values of both organic and inorganic samples can be determined accurately and correctly in a very short time.
- the subject is also a new pyrolysis reactor and an elemental analyzer containing this pyrolysis reactor.
- the determination of the oxygen isotope ratio 0/0 in any organic or inorganic sample is important in geology, hydrology, anthropology, ecology, food chemistry or medicine. For reasons of effectiveness, it is desirable to carry out such determinations on-line if possible.
- EP 0 419 167 (also corresponds to US Pat. No. 5,314,827) describes an on-line mass spectrometric method for determining the isotope composition of at least one of the elements oxygen, nitrogen and hydrogen in a sample, in which the sample is also in a catalytic reactor before the MS determination , which contains elemental carbon and a platinum / rhodium alloy as a catalyst, is pyrolyzed, the pyrolysis temperature being up to 1200 ° C. This method also does not allow an exact and correct determination of the isotope composition of oxygen in an inorganic sample.
- the object of the present invention was therefore to provide a method for determining the oxygen isotope composition ( ⁇ 0) of a sample with on-line coupling of the pyrolysis reactor and isotope ratio mass spectrometer (IRMS), with which both organic and inorganic samples are equally accurate and correct can be determined in a short time and that allows the measurement of the smallest sample quantities of solid, liquid and gaseous substances.
- IRMS isotope ratio mass spectrometer
- the temperature is particularly preferably between 1350-1550 ° C., very particularly preferably 1400 ° C.
- Helium serves as a carrier gas to transport the pyrolysis products into the IRMS and as a protective gas.
- Graphite, spectral carbon or glassy carbon can be used as the carbon source.
- Nickel or platinum is used as the catalyst.
- graphite powder and nickel powder are used as the catalyst.
- inorganic samples such.
- Nitrate and sulfate it is assumed that the pyrolysis proceeds according to the following equations: for nitrate: 2 KN0 3 + 8 C ⁇ N 2 + 6 CO + [2 KC] for sulfate: BaS0 4 + 6 C ⁇ 4 CO + [ BaC 2 + S]
- the pyrolysis reactor is connected in a conventional manner to the IRMS via a gas chromatography column.
- the gas chromatography column is temperature-controlled (preferably at approx. 70 ° C.) and serves to separate the CO from nitrogen and / or hydrogen. If necessary, a trap can be placed in front of the gas chromatography column to exclude other disruptive pyrolysis products (e.g. HCN).
- the solid or liquid samples are wrapped in silver or tin capsules and released into the pyrolysis furnace at regular intervals by the autosampler according to the set time program. Liquid and gaseous samples can also be injected through a septum.
- the invention also relates to a new pyrolysis reactor 1 for pyrolysis of the samples with the generation of CO as the measurement gas, which is preferred for carrying out the The method according to the invention can be used, and an elemental analyzer 12 comprising this pyrolysis reactor 1 and a gas chromatography column 10.
- the elemental analyzer 12 can include two fans 9a and 9b, which are used to cool the screw connections of the pyrolysis reactor 1 to the elemental analyzer 12.
- the elemental analyzer optionally includes a trap 11, which is arranged after the pyrolysis reactor and before the gas chromatography column.
- the pyrolysis reactor is designed as specified in the claims.
- a preferred embodiment is shown in FIG. 1.
- the variant shown includes glassy carbon chips 7 which, at the high temperatures according to the invention, serve as an additional carbon source for the pyrolysis of inorganic samples, such as. B. nitrates.
- the structure of the elemental analyzer according to the invention with coupling to the IRMS is shown in FIG. 2.
- the outer diameter of the outer tube is 17 mm
- the inner diameter is 14 mm
- the length is 470 mm
- the inner glassy carbon tube 3 has an outer diameter of 12 mm, an inner diameter of 7 mm and a length of 380 mm. These parts are commercially available. Only the matching funnels 5a and 5b are not currently available on the market and have to be manufactured.
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Abstract
Description
PYROLYSEREAKTOR ZUR PYROLYSE ORGANISCHER UND PYROLYSIS REACTOR FOR PYROLYSIS ORGANIC AND
ANORGANISCHER PROBEN, ELEMENTARANALYSATOR ENTHALTENDINORGANIC SAMPLES CONTAINING ELEMENTAL ANALYZER
DIESEN PYROLYSEREAKTOR UND VERFAHREN ZURTHIS PYROLYSIS REACTOR AND METHOD FOR
MASSENSPEKTROMETRIEMASS SPECTROMETRY
Beschreibungdescription
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur massen- spe trometrischen on-line Bestimmung der Sauerstoffiso- topenzusaπvrtiensetzung einer Probe, mit dem die δ 18CD- Werte sowohl organischer als auch anorganischer Proben in kürzester Zeit genau und richtig bestimmt werden können. Gegenstand ist auch ein neuer Pyrolysereaktor und ein Elementaranalysator enthaltend diesen Pyrolysereaktor.The invention relates to a method for mass-spectrometric on-line determination of the oxygen iso topical composition of a sample, with which the δ 18CD values of both organic and inorganic samples can be determined accurately and correctly in a very short time. The subject is also a new pyrolysis reactor and an elemental analyzer containing this pyrolysis reactor.
Die Bestimmung des Sauerstoffisotopenverhältnisses 0/ 0 in einer beliebigen organischen oder anorga- nischen Probe ist in der Geologie, Hydrologie, Anthropologie, Ökologie, Lebensmittelchemie oder Medizin von Bedeutung. Aus Effektivitätsgründen ist es hierbei wünschenswert, derartige Bestimmungen möglichst on-line durchzuführen.The determination of the oxygen isotope ratio 0/0 in any organic or inorganic sample is important in geology, hydrology, anthropology, ecology, food chemistry or medicine. For reasons of effectiveness, it is desirable to carry out such determinations on-line if possible.
Aus der neueren Literatur sind on-line-Messungen bekannt, die nach Pyrolyse der organischen Probe bei 1080-1300°C und unter Ausnutzung des Kohlenmonoxides als Meßgas eine Bestimmung der δ 180- erte mittels eines Isotopenverhältnismassenspektrometers (IRMS) erlauben. So beschreiben Werner R. A. et al. in "Ana- lytica Chimica Acta" 319 (1996), Seiten 159-164 ein entsprechendes Verfahren, bei dem ein Pyrolyseofen, der zur Hälfte mit Glaskohlenstoff gefüllt ist und ein Platinnetz als Katalysator beinhaltet, verwendet wird und die Pyrolyse bei 1080°C durchgeführt wird. Koziet J. beschreibt in "Journal of ass spectrometry", Vol. 32 (1997), Seiten 103-108 eine vom Prinzip her analoge Methode, wobei zur möglichst vollständigen Umwandlung des C02 in CO eine Pyrolysetemperatur von 1300°C angewendet wird. Das verwendete Pyrolysesystem (Fig. 1) ist allerdings von der Bauart her aufwendig.On-line measurements are known from the more recent literature which, after pyrolysis of the organic sample at 1080-1300 ° C. and using carbon monoxide as the measurement gas, allow the δ 180 values to be determined by means of an isotope ratio mass spectrometer (IRMS). Werner RA et al. in "Analytical Chimica Acta" 319 (1996), pages 159-164, a corresponding method in which a pyrolysis furnace, which is half-filled with glassy carbon and contains a platinum network as a catalyst, is used and the pyrolysis is carried out at 1080 ° C. becomes. Koziet J. in "Journal of ass spectrometry", Vol. 32 (1997), pages 103-108 describes a method which is analogous in principle, a pyrolysis temperature of 1300 ° C. being used to convert the CO 2 to CO as completely as possible. The pyrolysis system used (FIG. 1) is, however, complex in design.
Beide dargestellte Methoden des Standes der TechnikBoth presented methods of the prior art
18 betreffen die on-line-Bestimmung der δ O-Werte organischer Substanzen wie z. B. Cellulose, Zucker, Vanillinextrakte. Eine genaue und richtige δ 0- Bestimmung anorganischer Substanzen, wie z. B. Nitrate und Sulfate, ist mit den beschriebenen Verfahren jedoch nicht möglich. Zur Bestimmung anorganischer Proben werden gegenwärtig nach wie vor zeitaufwendige off-line Verfahren angewendet.18 relate to the on-line determination of the δ O values of organic substances such as. B. cellulose, sugar, vanilla extracts. An accurate and correct δ 0- determination of inorganic substances, such as. B. nitrates and sulfates, is not possible with the methods described. Time-consuming off-line methods are still used to determine inorganic samples.
In EP 0 419 167 (entspricht auch US 5,314,827) wird ein on-line massenspektrometrisches Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Isotopenzusammensetzung mindestens eines der Elemente Sauerstoff, Stickstoff und Wasserstoff in einer Probe beschrieben, bei dem ebenfalls die Probe vor der MS-Bestimmung in einem katalytischen Reaktor, der elementaren Kohlenstoff und eine Platin/Rhodium- Legierung als Katalysator enthält, pyrolysiert wird, wobei die Pyrolysetemperatur bis zu 1.200°C beträgt. Auch diese Methode erlaubt keine genaue und richtige Bestimmung der Isotopenzusammensetzung von Sauerstoff in einer anorganischen Probe. Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung war es deshalb, ein Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Sauerstoffisotopenzusam- mensetzung (δ 0) einer Probe mit on-line Kopplung von Pyrolysereaktor und Isotopenverhältnismassenspektro- meter (IRMS) bereitzustellen, mit dem sowohl organische als auch anorganische Proben gleichermaßen genau und richtig in kurzer Zeit bestimmt werden können und das die Messung kleinster Probenmengen von festen, flüssigen und gasförmigen Substanzen erlaubt.EP 0 419 167 (also corresponds to US Pat. No. 5,314,827) describes an on-line mass spectrometric method for determining the isotope composition of at least one of the elements oxygen, nitrogen and hydrogen in a sample, in which the sample is also in a catalytic reactor before the MS determination , which contains elemental carbon and a platinum / rhodium alloy as a catalyst, is pyrolyzed, the pyrolysis temperature being up to 1200 ° C. This method also does not allow an exact and correct determination of the isotope composition of oxygen in an inorganic sample. The object of the present invention was therefore to provide a method for determining the oxygen isotope composition (δ 0) of a sample with on-line coupling of the pyrolysis reactor and isotope ratio mass spectrometer (IRMS), with which both organic and inorganic samples are equally accurate and correct can be determined in a short time and that allows the measurement of the smallest sample quantities of solid, liquid and gaseous substances.
Aufgabe der Erfindung war es außerdem, einen an das IRMS on-line koppelbaren Pyrolysereaktor zur Umwandlung organischer und anorganischer Proben zu entwickeln, der möglichst kommerziell erhältliche Bauteile umfaßt, einfach aufgebaut, einfach zu handhaben und schnell meßbereit ist sowie eine hohe Meßgenauigkeit aufweist.It was also an object of the invention to develop a pyrolysis reactor for converting organic and inorganic samples which can be coupled on-line to the IRMS and which comprises components which are commercially available as far as possible, is simple in structure, easy to use and quick to measure and has a high measurement accuracy.
Es wurde gefunden, daß eine genaue und richtigeIt has been found to be accurate and correct
-1 p Bestimmung der δ O-Werte sowohl von organischen als auch von anorganischen Proben mit Kohlenmonoxid als Meßgas, das on-line in das IRMS überführt wird, dann möglich ist, wenn die Pyrolysetemperatur höher als 1300°C gewählt wird.-1 p Determination of the δ O values of both organic and inorganic samples with carbon monoxide as the measuring gas, which is transferred online to the IRMS, is possible if the pyrolysis temperature is selected to be higher than 1300 ° C.
Erfindungsgemäß besonders bevorzugt beträgt die Temperatur zwischen 1350-1550°C, ganz besonders bevorzugt 1400°C. Helium dient als Trägergas zum Transport der Pyrolyseprodukte in das IRMS und als Schutzgas. Als Kohlenstoffquelle kann Graphit, Spektralkohle oder Glassy Carbon eingesetzt werden. Als Katalysator wird Nickel oder Platin eingesetzt. In einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform kommen Graphitpulver und Nickelpulver als Katalysator zur Anwendung. Für anorganischhe Proben wie z. B. Nitrat und Sulfat wird angenommen, daß die Pyrolyse gemäß der folgenden Gleichungen abläuft: für Nitrat: 2 KN03 + 8 C → N2 + 6 CO + [2 KC] für Sulfat: BaS04 + 6 C → 4 CO + [BaC2 + S]According to the invention, the temperature is particularly preferably between 1350-1550 ° C., very particularly preferably 1400 ° C. Helium serves as a carrier gas to transport the pyrolysis products into the IRMS and as a protective gas. Graphite, spectral carbon or glassy carbon can be used as the carbon source. Nickel or platinum is used as the catalyst. In a particularly preferred embodiment, graphite powder and nickel powder are used as the catalyst. For inorganic samples such. B. Nitrate and sulfate it is assumed that the pyrolysis proceeds according to the following equations: for nitrate: 2 KN0 3 + 8 C → N 2 + 6 CO + [2 KC] for sulfate: BaS0 4 + 6 C → 4 CO + [ BaC 2 + S]
Da aller Sauerstoff aus dem Nitrat oder Sulfat zu CO umgewandelt wird, ist anzunehmen, daß die Alkali- und Erdalkalimetallkationen als Karbide im Pyrolyserohr zurückbleiben. Der Sulfat-Schwefel wird in elementarer Form auf der Oberfläche der Silberkapseln gefunden, die als Probenbehälter zum Transport der Probe vom Auto- sampler in den Pyrolyseofen dienen.Since all oxygen from the nitrate or sulfate is converted to CO, it can be assumed that the alkali and alkaline earth metal cations remain as carbides in the pyrolysis tube. The sulfate sulfur is found in elementary form on the surface of the silver capsules, which serve as sample containers for transporting the sample from the autosampler to the pyrolysis furnace.
Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Bestimmungsverfahren ist der Pyrolysereaktor in üblicher Art und Weise über eine Gaschromatographiesäule mit dem IRMS verbunden. Die Gaschromatographiesäule ist temperiert (vorzugsweise bei ca. 70°C) und dient der Trennung des CO vom Stickstoff und/oder Wasserstoff. Gegebenenfalls kann vor die Gaschromatographiesäule eine Falle geschaltet werden, um weitere störende Pyrolyseprodukte (z.B. HCN) auszuschließen.In the determination method according to the invention, the pyrolysis reactor is connected in a conventional manner to the IRMS via a gas chromatography column. The gas chromatography column is temperature-controlled (preferably at approx. 70 ° C.) and serves to separate the CO from nitrogen and / or hydrogen. If necessary, a trap can be placed in front of the gas chromatography column to exclude other disruptive pyrolysis products (e.g. HCN).
Zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens werden die festen oder flüssigen Proben in Silber- oder Zinnkapseln eingeschlagen und vom Autosampier gemäß dem eingestellten Zeitprogramm in regelmäßigen Abständen in den Pyrolyseofen abgegeben. Außerdem können flüssige und gasförmige Proben durch ein Septum injiziert werden.In order to carry out the method according to the invention, the solid or liquid samples are wrapped in silver or tin capsules and released into the pyrolysis furnace at regular intervals by the autosampler according to the set time program. Liquid and gaseous samples can also be injected through a septum.
Gegenstand der Erfindung sind auch ein neuer Pyrolysereaktor 1 zur Pyrolyse der Proben unter Erzeugung von CO als Meßgas, der bevorzugt zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens eingesetzt werden kann, und ein diesen Pyrolysereaktor 1 und eine Gaschromatographiesäule 10 umfassender Elementaranalysator 12. In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform kann der Elementar- analysator 12 zwei Ventilatoren 9a und 9b beinhalten, die zur Kühlung der Verschraubungen des Pyrolysereaktors 1 mit dem Elementaranalysator 12 dienen. Gegebenenfalls beinhaltet der Elementaranalysator eine Falle 11, die nach dem Pyrolysereaktor und vor der Gaschromatographiesäule angeordnet ist.The invention also relates to a new pyrolysis reactor 1 for pyrolysis of the samples with the generation of CO as the measurement gas, which is preferred for carrying out the The method according to the invention can be used, and an elemental analyzer 12 comprising this pyrolysis reactor 1 and a gas chromatography column 10. In a preferred embodiment, the elemental analyzer 12 can include two fans 9a and 9b, which are used to cool the screw connections of the pyrolysis reactor 1 to the elemental analyzer 12. The elemental analyzer optionally includes a trap 11, which is arranged after the pyrolysis reactor and before the gas chromatography column.
Der Pyrolysereaktor ist wie in den Ansprüchen angegeben ausgestaltet. Eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform ist in Fig. 1 dargestellt. Die dargestellte Variante beinhal- tet neben der Kohlenstoff-Katalysatorschicht 6 Glaskohlenstoffsplitt 7, der bei den hohen erfindungsgemäßen Temperaturen als zusätzliche Kohlenstoffquelle für die Pyrolyse anorganischer Proben, wie z. B. Nitrate, dient. Der Aufbau des erfindungsgemäßen Elementaranalysators mit Kopplung an das IRMS ist in Fig. 2 dargestellt.The pyrolysis reactor is designed as specified in the claims. A preferred embodiment is shown in FIG. 1. In addition to the carbon catalyst layer 6, the variant shown includes glassy carbon chips 7 which, at the high temperatures according to the invention, serve as an additional carbon source for the pyrolysis of inorganic samples, such as. B. nitrates. The structure of the elemental analyzer according to the invention with coupling to the IRMS is shown in FIG. 2.
In einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform des Pyrolysereaktors beträgt der äußere Durchmesser des äußeren Rohres 17 mm, der innere Durchmesser 14 mm, die Länge 470 mm. Entsprechend hat das innere Glaskohlenstoffrohr 3 einen äußeren Durchmesser von 12 mm, einen inneren Durchmesser von 7 mm und eine Länge von 380 mm. Diese Teile sind kommerziell verfügbar. Lediglich die passenden Trichter 5a und 5b sind gegenwärtig nicht am Markt erhältlich und müssen angefertigt werden.In a particularly preferred embodiment of the pyrolysis reactor, the outer diameter of the outer tube is 17 mm, the inner diameter is 14 mm and the length is 470 mm. Accordingly, the inner glassy carbon tube 3 has an outer diameter of 12 mm, an inner diameter of 7 mm and a length of 380 mm. These parts are commercially available. Only the matching funnels 5a and 5b are not currently available on the market and have to be manufactured.
Mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren und dem erfindungsgemäßen Pyrolysereaktors lassen sich sehr kleine Probenmengen (10-100 μg [0]) organischer oder anorga- nischer Proben natürlichen oder synthetischen Ursprungs wie z. B. Zucker, Cellulose, Pflanzenmaterial, Aminosäuren, Koffein, Vanillin, Molke, Sulfate (z.B. BaS04, (NH4)2S04), Nitrate (z.B. KN03, AgN03) , Carbonate (z.B. CaC03, BaC03) , Phosphate (z.B. Ca3(P04)2, (NH4)2HP04) lfi innerhalb von 13 Minuten analysieren. Neben den δ 0- Werten können die KohlenstoffisotopenverhältnisseWith the method according to the invention and the pyrolysis reactor according to the invention, very small amounts of sample (10-100 μg [0]) of organic or inorganic African samples of natural or synthetic origin such. B. sugar, cellulose, plant material, amino acids, caffeine, vanillin, whey, sulfates (e.g. BaS0 4 , (NH 4 ) 2 S0 4 ), nitrates (e.g. KN0 3 , AgN0 3 ), carbonates (e.g. CaC0 3 , BaC0 3 ) , Analyze phosphates (e.g. Ca 3 (P0 4 ) 2 , (NH 4 ) 2 HP0 4 ) lfi within 13 minutes. In addition to the δ 0 values, the carbon isotope ratios
(δ 13C) organischer Substanzen und die Stickstoff- isotopenverhältnisse (δ N) anorganischer Substanzen im selben Probendurchlauf bestimmt werden. Die Stan- dardabweichung ist üblicherweise besser als 0,5 %o. Die Richtigkeit der Methode wurde durch Vergleich mit internationalen Referenzmaterialien bestätigt (IAEA-N- 1-3: Ammoniumsulfate und Kaliumnitrat; IAEA-CO-1: Calciumcarbonat; IAEA-C-3: Cellulose; IAEA-C-6: Rohrzucker; NBS-127: Bariumsulfat; NBS-18-19: Calciumcarbonat) .(δ 13C) organic substances and the nitrogen isotope ratios (δ N) inorganic substances can be determined in the same sample run. The standard deviation is usually better than 0.5% o. The accuracy of the method was confirmed by comparison with international reference materials (IAEA-N-1-3: ammonium sulfates and potassium nitrate; IAEA-CO-1: calcium carbonate; IAEA-C-3: cellulose; IAEA-C-6: cane sugar; NBS- 127: barium sulfate; NBS-18-19: calcium carbonate).
A sführungsbeispiel .A sue example.
Beispiel 1:Example 1:
Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Pyrolyseverfahrens mit dem erfindungsgemäßen PyrolysereaktorImplementation of the pyrolysis process according to the invention with the pyrolysis reactor according to the invention
Die getrockneten und homogenisierten Proben ( ca. 10- lOOμg [0]) werden in Silberkapseln eingewogen. Die Silberkapseln werden in den Autosampier des Ele entar- analysators gelegt. Von dort fallen die Proben einzeln in den Pyrolysereaktor, wo in der heißen Zone die Silberkapsel schmilzt und die Probe zersetzt wird. Die flüchtigen Reaktionsprodukte werden mit dem Trägergas durch eine Ascarit-Falle und Gaschromatographiesäule zum open-split-Modul transportiert. Von dort gelangt ein Teil des Trägergasstroms mit den Pyrolyseprodukten in das Isotopenverhältnis-Massenspektrometer, wo die Ionenströme der Massen m/e 28-30 bestimmt und mit denen eines geeichten Referenzgases verglichen werden.The dried and homogenized samples (approx. 10-100μg [0]) are weighed into silver capsules. The silver capsules are placed in the auto sampler of the elemental analyzer. From there, the samples fall individually into the pyrolysis reactor, where the silver capsule melts in the hot zone and the sample is decomposed. The volatile reaction products are transported with the carrier gas through an Ascarit trap and gas chromatography column to the open-split module. From there a part of the carrier gas flow with the pyrolysis products in the isotope ratio mass spectrometer, where the ion flows of the masses m / e 28-30 are determined and compared with those of a calibrated reference gas.
Bisher konnten anorganische Proben nicht mit on-line Techniken analysiert werden. So führten Verfahren des Standes der Technik bei einer Pyrolysetemperatur von beispielsweise 1080°C zu einem starken Verschmieren des CO-Peaks (vgl. Fig. 3a, 1,5 mg einer BaS04-Probe) und zu einer unvollständigen Umsetzung. Erst bei einer erfindungsgemäßen Pyrolysetemperatur von >1300°C werden schmale Peaks (Fig. 3b, 320 μg BaS04-Probe) und richtige und reproduzierbare δ-Werte erhalten. In Fig. 3 ist auch die bevorzugte Zeitprogrammierung des Probendurchlaufes dargestellt. So far, inorganic samples could not be analyzed using online techniques. For example, prior art methods at a pyrolysis temperature of, for example, 1080 ° C. led to severe smearing of the CO peak (cf. FIG. 3a, 1.5 mg of a BaS0 4 sample) and to incomplete implementation. Narrow peaks (FIG. 3b, 320 μg BaSO 4 sample) and correct and reproducible δ values are only obtained at a pyrolysis temperature of> 1300 ° C. according to the invention. 3 also shows the preferred time programming of the sample run.
BezugszeichenlisteReference list
PyrolysereaktorPyrolysis reactor
äußeres keramisches Rohrouter ceramic tube
inneres Rohr aus Glaskohlenstoffinner tube made of glassy carbon
HeizvorrichtungHeater
a oberer Trichtera top funnel
b unterer Trichterb lower funnel
horizontale Kohlenstoff- und Katalysatorschichthorizontal carbon and catalyst layer
GlaskohlenstoffsplittGlass carbon chips
gasdurchlässige Sperrschichtgas permeable barrier layer
a oberer Ventilatora top fan
b unterer Ventilatorb lower fan
0 Gaschromatographiesäule0 gas chromatography column
1 Falle1 trap
2 Elementaranalysator 2 elemental analyzer
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU35219/99A AU3521999A (en) | 1998-04-02 | 1999-03-26 | Pyrolysis reactor for the pyrolysis or organic and inorganic samples, elementaryanalyser containing said pyrolysis reactor and method for mass-spectrometry |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19816348.7 | 1998-04-02 | ||
| DE1998116348 DE19816348C1 (en) | 1998-04-02 | 1998-04-02 | Pyrolysis reactor for organic and inorganic specimens in geology, hydrology, anthropology, ecology, food chemistry or medicine |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| WO1999052127A2 true WO1999052127A2 (en) | 1999-10-14 |
| WO1999052127A3 WO1999052127A3 (en) | 1999-12-09 |
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| PCT/EP1999/002157 Ceased WO1999052127A2 (en) | 1998-04-02 | 1999-03-26 | Pyrolysis reactor for the pyrolysis of organic and inorganic samples, elementary analyser containing said pyrolysis reactor and method for mass-spectrometry |
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| AU (1) | AU3521999A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE19816348C1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1999052127A2 (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2007115423A1 (en) * | 2006-04-07 | 2007-10-18 | Universität Bern | Equilibration chamber, apparatus and method for online determination of the isotopic composition of non-exchangeable stable hydrogen in a substance sample |
| CN103592362A (en) * | 2013-11-27 | 2014-02-19 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | Method for analyzing coal pyrolyzed low molecular product |
| CN105372360A (en) * | 2014-08-26 | 2016-03-02 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | Method for polymer pyrolysis gas-state volatile matter through in-situ pyrolysis flight time mass spectrometry |
| CN105372361A (en) * | 2014-08-26 | 2016-03-02 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | Method for polymer pyrolysis low-molecule product through in-situ pyrolysis flight time mass spectrometry |
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| DE102007031678A1 (en) * | 2007-07-06 | 2009-01-08 | Thermo Fisher Scientific (Bremen) Gmbh | Device with a connection of two capillaries |
| EP2031387B1 (en) * | 2007-08-03 | 2010-01-27 | Università degli Studi di Parma | Reactor device for isotopic analyses |
| DE102008008288B4 (en) * | 2008-02-07 | 2015-07-09 | Elementar Analysensysteme Gmbh | Method for oxygen elemental analysis and oxygen isotope measurement of nitrogen-containing, organic substances |
| EP2236208A1 (en) * | 2009-04-03 | 2010-10-06 | Università degli Studi di Parma | Reactor device for chemical and isotopic analyses |
| DE102009054151B3 (en) * | 2009-11-23 | 2011-06-30 | Elementar Analysensysteme GmbH, 63452 | Method for oxygen elemental analysis and oxygen isotope measurement of nitrogen-containing, organic substances |
| DE102010001677B4 (en) | 2010-02-08 | 2012-01-19 | Helmholtz-Zentrum Potsdam Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum - GFZ Stiftung des Öffentlichen Rechts des Landes Brandenburg | Process for the thermal conversion of sample material into sample gas |
| EP3256243B1 (en) | 2015-02-13 | 2022-04-20 | Thermo Fisher Scientific (Bremen) GmbH | Use of a reactor and device for quantitatively obtaining molecular hydrogen from substances |
| DE102015102126A1 (en) | 2015-02-13 | 2016-08-18 | Thermo Fisher Scientific Gmbh | Method and reactor for the quantitative recovery of molecular hydrogen from substances and their use for the mass spectrometric online determination of the isotopic ratio of hydrogen |
| CN114609288A (en) * | 2022-03-21 | 2022-06-10 | 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 | Silicate oxygen isotope testing system and method |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB8921285D0 (en) * | 1989-09-20 | 1989-11-08 | Vg Instr Group | Isotopic composition analyzer |
| FR2734363B1 (en) * | 1995-05-16 | 1997-08-01 | Pernod Ricard | METHOD FOR MEASURING THE 18O AND / OR 15N CONTENT OF A CHEMICAL SUBSTANCE, APPARATUS AND PYROLYSIS DEVICE |
-
1998
- 1998-04-02 DE DE1998116348 patent/DE19816348C1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1999
- 1999-03-26 AU AU35219/99A patent/AU3521999A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-03-26 WO PCT/EP1999/002157 patent/WO1999052127A2/en not_active Ceased
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2007115423A1 (en) * | 2006-04-07 | 2007-10-18 | Universität Bern | Equilibration chamber, apparatus and method for online determination of the isotopic composition of non-exchangeable stable hydrogen in a substance sample |
| CN103592362A (en) * | 2013-11-27 | 2014-02-19 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | Method for analyzing coal pyrolyzed low molecular product |
| CN103592362B (en) * | 2013-11-27 | 2016-04-06 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | A kind of method analyzing pyrolysis of coal low molecule product |
| CN105372360A (en) * | 2014-08-26 | 2016-03-02 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | Method for polymer pyrolysis gas-state volatile matter through in-situ pyrolysis flight time mass spectrometry |
| CN105372361A (en) * | 2014-08-26 | 2016-03-02 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | Method for polymer pyrolysis low-molecule product through in-situ pyrolysis flight time mass spectrometry |
| GB2557891A (en) * | 2016-09-02 | 2018-07-04 | Thermo Fisher Scient Bremen Gmbh | Improved sample preparation apparatus and method for elemental analysis spectrometer |
| US10332735B2 (en) | 2016-09-02 | 2019-06-25 | Thermo Fisher Scientific (Bremen) Gmbh | Sample preparation apparatus and method for elemental analysis spectrometer |
| US10707065B2 (en) | 2016-09-02 | 2020-07-07 | Thermo Fisher Scientific (Bremen) Gmbh | Sample preparation apparatus and method for elemental analysis spectrometer |
| GB2557891B (en) * | 2016-09-02 | 2021-05-12 | Thermo Fisher Scient Bremen Gmbh | Improved sample preparation apparatus and method for elemental analysis spectrometer |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU3521999A (en) | 1999-10-25 |
| WO1999052127A3 (en) | 1999-12-09 |
| DE19816348C1 (en) | 1999-08-05 |
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