WO1999043919A1 - Light-transmitting sheet material having heat generation function and system using the sheet-material - Google Patents

Abstract

A light-transmitting sheet material including a heat generation layer formed on one of the surfaces of a transmitting sheet material and terminals disposed at suitable positions on the periphery of the heat generation layer to provide a heat generation function, wherein the heat generation layer comprises a selective transmission (reflection) film having a specific wavelength. A protective layer, an insulating layer, etc., are formed on the heat generation layer, as necessary, and are electrically controlled so that it can be suitably adapted to open portions of a building. The sheet material is constituted as a whole into a laminate body, and is provided as heat generation bodies of various variations.

Description

 Specification

Transparent plate with heat generation function and system using the plate

 The present invention relates to a plate material having a heat generation function mainly using a plate glass mainly used for an opening of a general building, and more specifically, a heat transmission element such as a selectively permeable membrane or the like as a heating element. This paper relates to a new heat-generating plate and its system. Background art

 2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, in an opening of a building, for example, an air layer is generally arranged in the middle of a plate material in terms of a function of heat insulation and soundproofing. Further, there is known a sheet glass in which a special metal film is coated on the inner surface of the outdoor glass to improve heat insulating properties and to have various functions regarding light shielding.

 However, the above configuration merely improves the heat insulation, and in the cold season, various problems such as dew condensation and cold draft are caused by the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the building. Was occurring.

In recent years, there has been a problem that the use of OA equipment that generates heat causes a loss of air conditioning such as use of cooling even in the cold season. The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and has been made to provide a building material for building which makes interior space more comfortable against the background of efficient use of heat energy in a building. It is the purpose. Disclosure of the invention

The present invention has been made mainly from three viewpoints. The first is the provision of a plate material having a heat-generating function as a base material, which is applied as a partition other than the opening of a building. The second is the provision of a plate material with a heat generation function as a structure suitable for the opening of a building. This mainly targets a plate material surrounded by a frame. Thirdly, the present invention relates to a control structure for realizing energy saving in a building using a plate member having a heat generating function disclosed by the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

 FIGS. 1 to 8 are schematic diagrams of a plate having a heat generating function of the present invention. FIGS. 9 to 21 show cases where the plate having a heat generating function of the present invention is configured as a multilayer glass. FIG. 22 to FIG. 25 are schematic diagrams of a system using a plate member having a heat generation function of the present invention. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

 FIG. 1 is an explanatory view of a translucent plate material having a heat generating function. As shown, the plate 1 used in the present invention is a glass such as a float glass, a netted glass, a colored glass, or the like. A heat generating layer 2 having a light transmitting property and a conductive property is formed on the plate 1.

The heat generating layer 2 is made of gold, silver, copper, palladium, aluminum, titanium, stainless steel, nickel, konole, chromium, iron, magnesium, zirconia, and gallium. One or more metal thin films selected from the group consisting of the above and metal oxide thin films such as Z or carbon or oxygen thereof, or poly (ethylene terephthalate), poly (ethylene). —Polyester resins such as naphthalate and polybutylene terephthalate, Polyolefin resins such as polycarbonate resin, polycarbonate, polyethylene, polypropylene, etc., polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene polyphenylene oxide, and polymethylene Films of polyamide resin, polyimide resin, polyimide resin, cellophane, cellulosic resin such as cell opening resin, etc. A sheet in which a metal oxide thin film is formed on a sheet is used. In each case, a material having selective transmission (reflection) of a specific wavelength is used. The heat generation layer 2 has a film structure formed by metal deposition, and is easy to manufacture and construct. The heat generating layer 2 is freely laid out on the surface of the plate material 1 as shown in FIG. 2 and is intermittently separated by an electrically insulated portion as necessary as shown in FIG. It is possible to form it. As shown in FIG. 6, the heat generating layer 2 is composed of a combination of a selective transmission (reflection) film, a heating element formed by metal spraying in a strip shape, and a heating element capable of forming a water-soluble coating film. It is possible.

 As shown in FIG. 3, the heat generating layer 2 generates heat when energized by the external power supply 6. Therefore, the conductive material is mainly or partially formed around the edge of the heat generating layer 2. The electrode layer 3 having a predetermined width and having a connection point 31 connected to the external power supply 6 is formed by an appropriate means such as bonding or coating. The connection points 31 are provided at a plurality of positions, and the input of the power supply 6 on the electrode layer 3 is divided and input so that a voltage drop due to the electric resistance of the heat generation layer 2 does not occur.

 Since the electrode layer 3 overlaps the heat generating layer 2 in the layer structure, as shown in FIG. 1, a recess is formed on the surface of the plate material 1 by etching, sand blasting, or the like. It can be arranged with a uniform thickness.

And, the plate member 1 having the heat generating function of the present invention is as shown in FIG. In particular, it is formed as a double glazing placed at the opening of the building, but as shown in FIG. 7, it can be formed as a partition panel P having a mounting table Q or the like. In this case, punching metal having holes 1B is used as base material 1A, and heat generating layer 2 is provided on base material 1A.

 The plate 1 of the present invention is disclosed as a structure unique to double-glazing at the opening W of a building. 9 to 21 show an embodiment formed as a double glazing. In FIG. 9 and FIG. 10, the heat generating layer 2 has an upper layer 21 or a lower layer (not shown) having heat resistance, translucency, and non-conductivity, for example, Teflon, silicon It is formed using silicon, melanin, amide resin, etc. This is intended to prevent short-circuiting when the other conductive members are arranged in contact with each other and to improve the adhesion to the base material. Further, as shown in FIG. 11, the heat generating layer 2 can be formed on a spacer 8 in which a desiccant 8a is provided.

 The heat generating layer 2 and the electrode layer 3 are formed on the contact surface between the spacer 8 and the plate 1 in an electrically insulated state by the upper layer 21 as shown in FIG. FIGS. 13 and 14 show a detailed embodiment of this structure. In this embodiment, the spacer 8 is disposed on the outer peripheral edge between the two plate materials 1.1, and the contact portion between the spacer 8 and the heat generating layer 3 on the plate material 1 is slightly flat. The outer peripheral side has a tapered shape. This shape is suitable for securing the moisture-proof property in the air layer 4 formed between the plate materials 1.1, and the primary seal material 9a is provided on the flat surface of the spacer 8 A secondary sealing material 9b is provided and sealed on the outer peripheral edge side having a tapered shape.

Since the spacer 8 is made of a conductive material such as aluminum, the general resin adhesive generates heat due to uneven sealing. A short circuit will occur between layer 2 and spacer 8. Therefore, in this embodiment, an insulating material is previously mixed in the primary sealing material 9a, so that the heat generating layer 2 and the spacer 8 can be completely insulated electrically. By using the above structure to form the electrode layer 3 at the end of the plate material 1 in the secondary sealing material 9b on the outer peripheral edge side, a configuration for electrical connection with an external power supply is provided. Can be simplified. In FIG. 14, since the electrode layer 3 is disposed in the secondary sealing material 10 which is an organic material, the position of the electrode layer 3 is reduced in order to avoid the phenomenon that deterioration is easily caused by transmission of ultraviolet rays. An optical shielding structure is formed on the substrate. Specifically, the electrode 3 is arranged in the recess of the sash frame 11, and direct ultraviolet transmission to the electrode 3 is prevented in the frame portion of the sash 11.

 In FIG. 15, a release portion X is provided in a part of the plate material 1 on the indoor side to allow the atmosphere in the air layer 4 to communicate with the atmosphere in the room. The release portion X is formed, for example, by forming a cutout portion 81 in a part of the spacer 8. This opening X is preferably formed upward. With this configuration, the atmosphere in the air layer4 heated by energization of the heat generating layer 2 allows the convection of the atmosphere in the room to warm the indoor space smoothly. .

Figure 16 shows the plate material 1 on which the heat generating layer 2 is formed, which is retrofitted to the existing window. With such a configuration, it is possible to easily apply the heating plate material to existing residential windows. FIGS. 17 and 18 show the arrangement of the two heat generating layers 2 because the illustration of the insulating structure and the electrode structure is omitted. Among them, Fig. 17 shows the heating layer 2 arranged in the space surrounded by the spacer 8, so that the heating is performed around the plate material 1. Fig. 18 shows the heating layer 2 in the space. Heater that heats the frame 11 by disposing it from the heater 8 to the vicinity of the frame 11 It is.

 In Fig. 19, an aluminum sash frame 11 with a hollow section 11a with a substantially U-shaped cross section is provided on the outer periphery of each plate 1 to be installed at the opening W of the building. It is a thing. In this embodiment, two hollow frames 11 integrated at arbitrary corners in the hollow frame 11 each have a hollow section 12 a having a rectangular cross section on the outer peripheral surface. Body 1 2 is attached. The hollow body 12 is preferably made of synthetic resin having excellent electrical insulation, but is generally formed of a frame in order to make the appearance of the opening uniform. It is made of an aluminum member that is used in the process, and the member is stretched with an insulating sheet or the like.

 The heat generating layer 2 formed on the surface of the plate material 1 is provided with an electrode layer (not shown) on the periphery thereof, and a wiring 13 for electrically connecting the electrode layer to an external power source is provided on the frame. It is led into the hollow part 12 a of 12.

 The wiring 13 in FIG. 19 is a bare conductive wire. Therefore, the wiring 13 is connected to one of the hollow bodies 1 through a synthetic resin bush 14 which can be electrically insulated and waterproof. The second hollow body 12 passes through the hollow portion 12 a of the second hollow body 12 and is further transferred to the hollow portion 12 a of the other hollow body 12 via a corner member 15 made of synthetic resin.

 With the double-glazed glass constructed as described above, wiring 13 can be performed at the opening W of the building in a manner that matches the appearance of the frame structure, and a general existing metal frame structure is changed. Without using a conductive wire, the conductive wire can be used as wiring in a stable insulating environment.

FIG. 20 is an explanatory diagram of another embodiment. In this embodiment, a terminal block 18 is provided at the end of the wiring 13 led out from the heat generating layer 2, and the heating element 2 is connected to an external power supply via the terminal block 18. ing. The terminal block 18 is arranged near the frame or the frame, thereby generating heat. It can perform on / off control of the stem and check for short-circuit.

 Specifically, the terminal block 18 is, as shown in FIG. 21, a part of various hollow bodies such as a frame body 11 and a top plate 11 A used for joining the frame bodies 2. A window 11B can be provided for accommodation. In addition, by providing a removable or openable lid on the window 11B, the terminal block 18 can be normally accommodated without being observed from the outside.

 Fig. 22 to Fig. 22 show the heating system of the present invention. FIG. 22 shows a configuration in which a main power supply A electrically connected to the heat generating layer 2 and a control unit B including an on / off switch including a driving unit for controlling the main power supply A are electrically connected. The control unit B is provided with a non-contact type temperature sensor such as a radiation temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of the surface of the plate 1 and a detection unit S such as a contact type. In addition to this, the control unit B is provided with a detection unit S that detects the temperature of the nearby indoor wall surface. As shown in FIG. 24, when a plurality of plate members 1 are installed, these plate members 1 are used under the control of the control unit B.

 In particular, in the present invention, when heating the heat-generating plate 1 using the system configured as described above, the surface temperature of the plate 1 is controlled so as to be substantially the same as the surface temperature of the nearby indoor wall surface X. This is mainly the figure

It can be realized in the system of 23. When the fluid temperature on both sides of the wall is different, heat is transferred from the high temperature side to the low temperature side → heat → heat → heat transfer (heat transmission) through the process, but the plate material inside the opening with different materials The heat transmission coefficient differs from the wall around the part.

Therefore, in the present invention, the surface temperature on the indoor side of the nearby wall V, that is, the wall V of the surrounding part constituting the room, and the surface temperature on the indoor side of the plate material 1 are set to be the same, so that the window This prevents cold drafts and keeps the occupants in the room at the same perceived temperature everywhere in the room. W

 8 This makes it possible to provide a comfortable space. In office buildings, cooling and air conditioning may be performed in winter due to the heat load of OA equipment.In this case, heating is performed using a fan coil unit or the like to improve the comfort near the windows. ing. However, this is a heat load for air conditioning of the entire room and is inefficient. In the present invention, this kind of loss can be suppressed, and the indoor air conditioning load can be effectively reduced. It is also possible to provide a timer device (not shown) in the control unit B so as to perform temporal control such as after going to work in a commercial building and after going to bed or before getting up at home.

 The structure of the opening of the building according to the present invention is constructed as described above, and thus mainly exhibits the following effects.

 That is, during a period in which the amount of heat in the room rises, such as in summer, the heating layer reflects (selectively transmits) heat rays, so that the amount of sunlight transmitted through the heat rays is reduced to reduce the cooling load. In addition, during periods when the amount of heat inside the room is insufficient, such as during winter, cold draft is prevented by energizing and heating the heating layer, and dew condensation that occurs on the indoor surface of the glass is prevented. .Adjustment load can be reduced. In particular, measures against cold drift have conventionally been protected by warm air from two systems: ceiling heating and heating installed under windows.In the present invention, however, the glass surface is directly protected. Since heating is required, there are high advantages such as no fan rotation mechanism and no noise problem. In particular, in the case of a multi-layered glass, an excellent special effect such as the fact that the atmosphere in the heated air layer 4 can be supplied to the indoor atmosphere by thermal convection can be provided. It is possible.

In the present invention, by performing relative control such that the surface temperature is made the same as that of the nearby wall surface, there is a problem with this kind of exothermic plate material. Power consumption can be effectively suppressed and a comfortable indoor space can be provided.Conventionally, it is necessary to install a fan coil unit or the like as an air conditioner near the perimeter. On the other hand, the present invention can improve the comfort near the perimeter without installing it. Therefore, according to the present invention, due to the above-described functional aspect, not only a comfortable indoor space is formed, but also, even if the opening is enlarged, the mixing loss is reduced as compared with the fan coil. Since there are few, it is possible to provide comfort to the indoor space, such as securing illuminance, while effectively using the surface.

Claims

The scope of the claims 1. A translucent plate material having a heat generating function formed by forming a heat generating layer on at least one surface of at least one translucent plate material and providing an electrode layer at an appropriate position on the periphery of the heat generating layer. In the above, the heat generating layer is a selective transmission (reflection) film having a specific wavelength. 2. The translucent plate material having a heat generating function according to claim 1, wherein the heat generating layer has a film structure.  3. At least one translucent plate is provided with a heat generating layer on one side, and an electrode layer is provided at an appropriate position on the periphery of the heat generating layer to provide a heat generating function. A translucent plate material having a heat generating function, wherein an upper layer or a lower layer is formed on the surface of the heat generating layer. 4. A translucent plate material having a heat generating function by forming a heat generating layer on at least one surface of at least one translucent plate material and providing an electrode layer at an appropriate position on the periphery of the heat generating layer. 3. The light-transmissive plate member having a heat-generating function, wherein a laminated portion of each layer is formed on a recess provided in the plate member.  5. At least one translucent plate material having a heat generating layer formed on one surface and an electrode layer provided at an appropriate position on the periphery of the heat generating layer to provide a heat generating function. 3. The translucent plate material having a heat generating function according to claim 1, wherein the electrode layer is partially formed at an end of the heat generating layer. 6. A translucent plate material having a heat generating function by forming a heat generating layer on at least one surface of at least one translucent plate material and providing an electrode layer at an appropriate position on the periphery of the heat generating layer. 3. The 'translucent plate material having a heat generating function, wherein a power input to the electrode layer is divided so as to prevent a voltage drop due to an electric resistance of the heat generating layer. 7. A laminate in which at least two translucent plate members are provided with a spacer via an air layer, wherein a heat generating layer is formed on the surface of the spacer on the air layer side. A translucent plate material with a heat generating function.  8. A heat generating layer is formed on the surface of the indoor side plate material on the air layer side in a laminate in which at least two translucent plate materials are interposed by an air layer using a spacer. A translucent plate material with a heat generating function.  9. The heat generating function according to claim 8, wherein the heat generating layer and the electrode layer are formed in an electrically insulated state on a contact surface between the spacer and the plate material. Translucent plate material.  10. The translucent plate material having a heat-generating function according to claim 8, wherein the electrical insulation state is an insulating layer or a sealing member in which an insulator is mixed.  11. The transparent material having a heat-generating function according to claim 8, wherein a secondary seal material in which an insulator is not mixed is provided on an outer peripheral portion of the spacer. Light board material.  12. The electrode according to claim 8, wherein an electrode for connecting the heat generating layer and a power source is formed in the secondary sealing material, and an optical shielding structure of the portion is formed. Translucent plate material.  13. The translucent plate material having a heating function according to claim 8, wherein the electrode layer is formed in an air layer surrounded by a spacer.  14. The translucent plate member having a heat generating function according to claim 8, wherein the electrode layer is formed outside a spacer. 15. The heat generating function according to claim 8, wherein a release portion for communicating the intermediate layer and the inside of the room is provided in a part of the plate material arranged on the indoor side among the plate materials. Translucent plate material. 16. The translucent plate material having a heat-generating function according to claim 8, wherein a plate material having a heat-generating layer disposed on the indoor side can be retrofitted among the plate materials.  17. The method according to claim 8, wherein the outer periphery of the plate is fitted to the frame, and the heat generating layer of the plate is extended and arranged to reach the vicinity of the frame. A translucent plate material having the heat generation function described in the above.  18. A wiring for electrically connecting an electrode layer provided on a peripheral portion of the heat generating layer to an external power source is led out by passing through a space in the frame body. 13. A translucent plate material having a heat-generating function as described in item 8.  19. A hollow body is attached to the outer periphery of the frame body, and a wire led out from the space inside the frame body passes through the space inside the hollow body, and a part of the wire led out from each member is insulated. 9. The translucent plate member having a heat-generating function according to claim 8, wherein the plate member has a heating function.  20. A window is provided in a part of the frame or various hollow bodies attached to the frame, and terminal portions of wiring are accommodated in the hollows of the respective members from the window. 9. A translucent plate material having a heat generation function according to claim 8. 21. The translucent plate member having a heat-generating function according to claim 8, wherein a detachable or openable lid is provided on the window. 22. At least one translucent plate with a heat generating layer formed on one surface and an electrode layer provided at an appropriate position on the periphery of the heat generating layer to provide a heat generating function. In the plate material, a main power supply, a driving unit for controlling the driving of the main power supply, and a control unit having an on / off switch are connected to the electrode layer of the heat generating layer, and the control unit is connected to the surface temperature of the plate material. A translucent plate material having a heating function characterized by providing a detection unit The system used.  23. The system using a translucent plate member having a heat generating function according to claim 22, wherein the detection unit is a non-contact type or a contact type temperature sensor.  24. The translucent plate member having a heat-generating function according to claim 22, wherein a detection unit for detecting a temperature of a wall surface in the room is provided in the control unit. System.  25. The system using a light-transmissive plate material according to claim 22, wherein a timer device is provided in the control unit.  26. A plurality of the heat-generating plate members are provided, and the plurality of heat-generating plate members are controlled by the control unit. 22. A system using the translucent plate material described in 2 above.  27. The detection unit is provided on any one of the plurality of heat-generating plate members, and the value of the detection unit is used to simultaneously control the plurality of heat-generating plate members. A system using the translucent plate material according to Item 22.  28. The translucent light using the heat-generating plate material according to claim 22, wherein the temperature of the heat-generating plate material is controlled to be the same or substantially the same as the temperature of the wall surface in a nearby room. A system that uses flexible plate materials.  29. The system using a translucent plate material according to claim 22, wherein the temperature of the heat-generating plate material is controlled to an arbitrary temperature within a performance range.