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WO1999042540A1 - Procede de gazeification de matieres de type biomasse et installation associee - Google Patents

Procede de gazeification de matieres de type biomasse et installation associee Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1999042540A1
WO1999042540A1 PCT/NL1999/000089 NL9900089W WO9942540A1 WO 1999042540 A1 WO1999042540 A1 WO 1999042540A1 NL 9900089 W NL9900089 W NL 9900089W WO 9942540 A1 WO9942540 A1 WO 9942540A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
gasification
biomass
gas
opening
installation
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/NL1999/000089
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Hubertus Ernest Maria Stassen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Biomass Technology Group BV
Original Assignee
Biomass Technology Group BV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Biomass Technology Group BV filed Critical Biomass Technology Group BV
Priority to AU32787/99A priority Critical patent/AU3278799A/en
Publication of WO1999042540A1 publication Critical patent/WO1999042540A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/04—Cyclic processes, e.g. alternate blast and run
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/58—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels combined with pre-distillation of the fuel
    • C10J3/60—Processes
    • C10J3/64—Processes with decomposition of the distillation products
    • C10J3/66—Processes with decomposition of the distillation products by introducing them into the gasification zone
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/80—Other features with arrangements for preheating the blast or the water vapour
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/0916—Biomass
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0959—Oxygen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0983—Additives
    • C10J2300/0986—Catalysts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0983—Additives
    • C10J2300/0993—Inert particles, e.g. as heat exchange medium in a fluidized or moving bed, heat carriers, sand
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/18—Details of the gasification process, e.g. loops, autothermal operation
    • C10J2300/1861—Heat exchange between at least two process streams
    • C10J2300/1869—Heat exchange between at least two process streams with one stream being air, oxygen or ozone
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/18—Details of the gasification process, e.g. loops, autothermal operation
    • C10J2300/1861—Heat exchange between at least two process streams
    • C10J2300/1884—Heat exchange between at least two process streams with one stream being synthesis gas

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for the gasification of biomass-comprising material in the presence of an oxygen-comprising gas in a gasification installation, during which gasification a hot gasification pro- ducts-comprising gas is formed, which installation comprises a gasification chamber provided with an inlet opening for the supply of biomass, means for cooling the hot gasification products-comprising gas and for using the released heat to heat the oxygen-comprising gas before its introduction into the gasification chamber, for which purpose the installation is provided with a first opening and a second opening for the supply and discharge of gas, and oxygen-comprising gas is alternatingly supplied via a first opening, and gasification products-comprising gas is discharged via a second opening, and vice versa.
  • Such a method has been known in the field since the seventies as the Andco Torrax-process . More specifically, this method entails the introduction of the biomass-con- taining waste from the top into an elongated cylindrical and vertically positioned gasification chamber, the introduction at the bottom, of oxygen-comprising gas, in a direction opposite to the supply direction of biomass-comprising waste, and the discharge at the top of hot gasification products-comprising gas. A portion of this hot gas is alternatingly supplied to one of two regeneration towers to which it gives off heat. The other of the two regeneration towers is alternatingly supplied with air. The air moves through the regeneration tower in a direction opposite to that of the gasification products-compri- sing gas previously supplied through said regeneration tower. The bottom of the gasification chamber is provided with an opening ' for the discharge of liquid slag.
  • the object of the invention is to improve the known method and in particular to avoid the use of a costly, high temperature-resistant shuttle valve. It is a further 2 objective to provide a method allowing the biomass to be supplied at a point in the installation where the prevailing temperatures are relatively low.
  • the objective is attained by employing as installation a reverse-flow reactor comprising two packed beds between which there is a space serving as gasification chamber, the reverse-flow reactor being provided with the first and the second opening, and the line of direction in which the gas supply passes through the biomass cuts the line of direction in which the biomass is supplied.
  • a reverse-flow reactor is generally known in the field, for example from the American patent publication No. 2,700,600.
  • the direction of the gas movement prevents hot gas coming into the vicinity of the supply opening for biomass.
  • the efficient recovery of heat with the aid of a reverse-flow reactor renders high-temperature gasification attractive in terms of energy. Due to the high temperature, biomass with a relatively high water content is also pre-eminently suited for gasification, thereby lowering, or even avoiding, the costs for a drying step. Any tar products and soot particles formed and deposited in the packed bed will, due to the high temperature in the presence of oxygen from the oxygen-comprising gas, be combusted as soon as the gas flow is reversed again.
  • An important advantage of the method according to the invention over the method of the prior art is the more favourable composition of the decomposition products. For example, fewer tar-like products are formed, making it easier to utilize or refine the gasification products-comprising gas.
  • the biomass is pre-dried by the hot decomposition gasses and much water ends up in the hot gasses . With the present invention said drying occurs to a lesser extent, so that more water is present during pyrolysis, resulting in a relatively greater production of hydrogen.
  • the biomass is supplied at an angle of substantially 90°.
  • the biomass is supplied via a tapered inlet opening.
  • the invention relates to an installation for the gasification of biomass-comprising material, which installation comprises a reverse-flow reactor having a first chamber for a first packed bed and a second space for a second packed bed, between the first and the second chamber a gasification space is provided, the end of the first chamber opposite to the gasification chamber is provided with a first opening and the end of the second chamber opposite to the gasification space is provided with a second opening, the gasification space is provided with a third opening for the supply of biomass-comprising material, and the bottom of the gasification space is provided with a fourth opening for the discharge of slag, the walls of the chambers and the space being formed from fireproof concrete.
  • FIG. 1 The figure shows a reverse-flow reactor 1 comprising two packed beds 2,3 and a gasification chamber 4. At each end the reverse-flow reactor 1 is provided with openings 5,6 for the supply or discharge of gas, as will be explained below.
  • Biomass such as, for example, grass from 4 verges, elephant grass and wood chippings from willow and poplar are supplied via a tapered tube, reaching the gasification chamber via opening 8.
  • an oxygen-comprising gas such as air is supplied to opening 5.
  • the air is heated in the packed bed 2 and is introduced into the gasification chamber 4.
  • a small amount of oxygen is supplied, and the heat produced during the reaction of oxygen with biomass or its pyrolysis products, effectuates gasification of the biomass.
  • a hot gasification products-comprising stream is formed which is discharged via the packed bed 3.
  • the hot gasification products-comprising stream gives off heat to the bed material.
  • the gasification products-comprising gas is discharged through discharge pipe 12.
  • the gas may be utilized for all kinds of purposes, such as for synthesis purposes or for the generation of electricity.
  • the shuttle valves 10,11 are switched to a second position, reversing the flow direction through the reverse-flow reactor. This results in the packed bed 3 being cooled again and the packed bed 2 being heated. In this way the heat remains to a large extent inside the installation and the biomass can be gasified at high temperature in a man- ner favourable with respect to energy.
  • the oxygen supply to the biomass may temporarily be increased so that more biomass is incinerated and more heat develops.
  • a packed bed may first be heated electrically.
  • the packed beds may comprise, for example, alumina granules having a size of, say 5 mm. They may also comprise catalyst granules. These will then be located substantially in a zone in the packed bed where temperatures occur that are high enough to catalyze 5 the reaction, but not so high that the catalytic activity of the catalyst granules is destroyed.
  • the packed beds 2,3 have to be cooled (not shown) . This is done to advantage in a direction opposite to the heat gradient, so that, for example, hot steam may be obtained for the generation of electricity or for the production of processing heat. Instead of cooling, it is also possible to discharge a part of the hot gas from the gasification chamber 4, or optionally also from a hot part of the packed bed 2,3.
  • oxygen-comprising gas supplied to the reverse-flow reactor 1 is oxygen-enriched air or substantially pure oxygen. In this manner it is possible to obtain a gasification products-comprising gas of a higher caloric value.
  • the axis of the supply opening for biomass is substantially horizontal.
  • the liquid slag may, via a slag discharge opening 13 which in this case is embodied as overflow, be quenched in cold water. This effectively immobilizes harmful heavy metals that may be present .
  • fireproof concrete is a material that according to the invention in particular comes to mind.
  • Such an installation can be cast in accordance with known techniques, and comprises only a limited number of parts. As a consequence the number of joints is also limited.
  • the top of the installation could, for example, be a lid.
  • the resulting 6 gap between the lid and the installation underneath can simply, in a manner known in itself, be sealed, which sealing will be maintained even at fluctuations temperatures .
  • the installation is suitably insulated and may also be provided with insulation material on the outside.
  • the shaded part in the figure represents the insulation material.
  • a suitable insulation and sealing material is alumina-silica fibre-compris- ing insulation material.
  • tar-like products that may be present are gaseous. When they are passed through a bed 2 or 3, they may precipitate, which is undesirable.
  • oxygen for example in the form of air, is supplied to the gasification chamber 4 and this should preferably always be above the bed via which the gasification products-comprising gas is discharged. In this manner the deposition of tar-like products in the beds is prevented efficiently and economically.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé de gazéification de matières de type biomasse. Selon la présente invention, la gazéification se produit dans un réacteur à flux inverse dans le sens dans lequel le gaz est introduit dans la biomasse coupe le sens dans lequel la biomasse est introduite dans le réacteur. Un tel procédé permet de gazéifier la biomasse de façon efficace, l'installation requise étant relativement bon marché. L'invention concerne également une installation de gazéification de matières de type biomasse, laquelle installation est fabriquée en ciment réfractaire.
PCT/NL1999/000089 1998-02-19 1999-02-19 Procede de gazeification de matieres de type biomasse et installation associee Ceased WO1999042540A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU32787/99A AU3278799A (en) 1998-02-19 1999-02-19 Method for the gasification of biomass-comprising material and installation therefor

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL1008361A NL1008361C2 (nl) 1998-02-19 1998-02-19 Werkwijze voor het vergassen van biomassa-omvattend materiaal en inrichting daarvoor.
NL1008361 1998-02-19

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1999042540A1 true WO1999042540A1 (fr) 1999-08-26

Family

ID=19766577

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/NL1999/000089 Ceased WO1999042540A1 (fr) 1998-02-19 1999-02-19 Procede de gazeification de matieres de type biomasse et installation associee

Country Status (3)

Country Link
AU (1) AU3278799A (fr)
NL (1) NL1008361C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO1999042540A1 (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2003012013A1 (fr) 2001-08-02 2003-02-13 T.G.E. Tech. Ltd. Procede et appareil de traitement des ordures menageres
DE10225728A1 (de) * 2002-06-11 2004-01-22 Kecke, Thilo Hochdruckholzvergasung zum Betrieb von Gas-Gleichdruckkolbenmotoren
WO2005026296A1 (fr) * 2003-09-16 2005-03-24 Anker Jarl Jacobsen Procede et appareil de production d'un gaz de synthese a partir d'une biomasse
GR20080100648A (el) * 2008-10-06 2010-05-13 Διονυσιος Χαραλαμπους Χοϊδας Διαταξη παραγωγης πτωχου αεριου απο οργανικες υλες
EP3988501A1 (fr) 2020-10-22 2022-04-27 L'Air Liquide Société Anonyme pour l'Etude et l'Exploitation des Procédés Georges Claude Procédé et installation de fabrication de gaz de synthèse co-riche par oxydation partielle

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102492481B (zh) * 2011-12-07 2013-11-13 山东省科学院能源研究所 消除流化床生物质气化结渣的方法和装置

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2700600A (en) * 1952-01-16 1955-01-25 William W Odell Process of treating gas
US2879139A (en) * 1956-10-03 1959-03-24 Alfred M Thomsen Method of making hydrogen and apparatus therefor
GB2044901A (en) * 1978-12-26 1980-10-22 Nittetsu Kakoki Kk Combustion method for removal of impurities from a gas
US5389117A (en) * 1991-10-10 1995-02-14 Firey; Joseph C. Cross flow char fuel gas producers

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2700600A (en) * 1952-01-16 1955-01-25 William W Odell Process of treating gas
US2879139A (en) * 1956-10-03 1959-03-24 Alfred M Thomsen Method of making hydrogen and apparatus therefor
GB2044901A (en) * 1978-12-26 1980-10-22 Nittetsu Kakoki Kk Combustion method for removal of impurities from a gas
US5389117A (en) * 1991-10-10 1995-02-14 Firey; Joseph C. Cross flow char fuel gas producers

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
JULIAN SZEKELY ET AL.: "The ANDCO-TORRAX slagging pyrolysis solid waste disposal system", THIRD NATIONAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, 20 August 1975 (1975-08-20), MILDURA, pages T98 - T100, XP002103572 *

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2003012013A1 (fr) 2001-08-02 2003-02-13 T.G.E. Tech. Ltd. Procede et appareil de traitement des ordures menageres
US7028624B2 (en) 2001-08-02 2006-04-18 T.G.E. Tech Ltd. Method and apparatus for the treatment of domestic waste
DE10225728A1 (de) * 2002-06-11 2004-01-22 Kecke, Thilo Hochdruckholzvergasung zum Betrieb von Gas-Gleichdruckkolbenmotoren
WO2005026296A1 (fr) * 2003-09-16 2005-03-24 Anker Jarl Jacobsen Procede et appareil de production d'un gaz de synthese a partir d'une biomasse
US7951212B2 (en) 2003-09-16 2011-05-31 Jacobsen Anker J Method and apparatus for producing synthesis gas from biomass
GR20080100648A (el) * 2008-10-06 2010-05-13 Διονυσιος Χαραλαμπους Χοϊδας Διαταξη παραγωγης πτωχου αεριου απο οργανικες υλες
EP3988501A1 (fr) 2020-10-22 2022-04-27 L'Air Liquide Société Anonyme pour l'Etude et l'Exploitation des Procédés Georges Claude Procédé et installation de fabrication de gaz de synthèse co-riche par oxydation partielle

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL1008361C2 (nl) 1999-08-20
AU3278799A (en) 1999-09-06

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