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WO1998036039A1 - Additif pour combustible renfermant un complexe de fer et un compose de plomb - Google Patents

Additif pour combustible renfermant un complexe de fer et un compose de plomb Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1998036039A1
WO1998036039A1 PCT/GB1998/000437 GB9800437W WO9836039A1 WO 1998036039 A1 WO1998036039 A1 WO 1998036039A1 GB 9800437 W GB9800437 W GB 9800437W WO 9836039 A1 WO9836039 A1 WO 9836039A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fuel
lead
ppm
iron
elemental
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/GB1998/000437
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Trevor John Russell
Alistair Ashley Thompson
Simon Christopher Mulqueen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Innospec Ltd
Original Assignee
Associated Octel Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from GBGB9703079.5A external-priority patent/GB9703079D0/en
Application filed by Associated Octel Co Ltd filed Critical Associated Octel Co Ltd
Priority to AU60013/98A priority Critical patent/AU6001398A/en
Priority to EP98903199A priority patent/EP0961821A1/fr
Publication of WO1998036039A1 publication Critical patent/WO1998036039A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/30—Organic compounds compounds not mentioned before (complexes)
    • C10L1/305—Organic compounds compounds not mentioned before (complexes) organo-metallic compounds (containing a metal to carbon bond)
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
    • C10L10/10—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for improving the octane number
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/16—Hydrocarbons
    • C10L1/1616—Hydrocarbons fractions, e.g. lubricants, solvents, naphta, bitumen, tars, terpentine
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/182—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof
    • C10L1/1822—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof hydroxy group directly attached to (cyclo)aliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10L1/1824—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof hydroxy group directly attached to (cyclo)aliphatic carbon atoms mono-hydroxy
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/185—Ethers; Acetals; Ketals; Aldehydes; Ketones
    • C10L1/1852—Ethers; Acetals; Ketals; Orthoesters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/20—Organic compounds containing halogen
    • C10L1/201—Organic compounds containing halogen aliphatic bond
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/30—Organic compounds compounds not mentioned before (complexes)
    • C10L1/305—Organic compounds compounds not mentioned before (complexes) organo-metallic compounds (containing a metal to carbon bond)
    • C10L1/306—Organic compounds compounds not mentioned before (complexes) organo-metallic compounds (containing a metal to carbon bond) organo Pb compounds

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to fuels comprising new and improved antiknock compositions.
  • These compositions are soluble in hydrocarbon motor fuels - i.e. fuels comprising one or more of saturates, olefins, naphthenes and aromatics.
  • Anti-knock agents that have been used most are those of the organometallic type, and the most successful of these have been the organo-lead agents - such as tetraalkyl lead compounds.
  • FR-A-1078519 also discloses a gasoline fuel that contains from 0.01 to 1 % by weight dicyclopentadienyl iron (i.e. from 100 ppm to 10,000 ppm iron complex) and 0.03 to 0.3% by weight of tetraethyl lead.
  • Lead scavengers may also be present in amounts of 1 to 3 theories.
  • a fuel suitable for use as a fuel for a spark- ignition engine wherein the fuel comprises an iron complex and a tetraalkyl lead compound, characterised in that the concentration of elemental lead is from about O.Olg/litre to about 0.2g/litre and the concentration of elemental iron is from about 1 ppm to less than 30 ppm.
  • the concentration of elemental iron is from about 1 ppm to about 12 ppm.
  • composition comprising a tetraalkyl lead compound and an iron complex for use in preparing a fuel according to the present invention.
  • the combined effect of the iron complex and the tetraalkyl lead compound is highly surprising.
  • the fuel of the present invention has a high octane rating and to such an extent that an unexpected synergy is found.
  • the present invention enables refiners to maximise the ultimate antiknock effects from additives while minimising their use of lead.
  • it is possible to reduce the elemental lead content of a gasoline to 0.05g Pb/litre but still get up to a 3 octane improvement compared with only a 2 octane enhancement if, for example, ferrocene (i.e. dicyclopentadienyl iron) is absent.
  • tetraalkyl lead compounds - such as TEL - in the art.
  • TEL tetraalkyl lead compounds
  • the tetraalkyl lead compound is typically prepared by known processes wherein lead/sodium alloy (PbNa) is reacted with an alkyl halide.
  • the tetraalkyl lead compound is TEL.
  • the TEL is prepared by the reaction of lead/sodium alloy (PbNa) with ethyl chloride.
  • the tetraalkyl lead compound and the iron complex can be used in conjunction with at least one lead scavenger - such as a poly-halo-hydrocarbon lead scavenger.
  • a typical lead scavenger comprises from 2 to 8 carbon atoms and from 2 to 3 halogen atoms and has a boiling point less than 300 °C, preferably less than 210°C.
  • Suitable scavengers are ethylene dibromide and ethylene dichloride.
  • a preferred scavenger is dichloroethane or dibromoethane.
  • the iron complex is preferably an iron complex of dicyclopentadienyl or substituted- dicyclopentadienyl, wherein the substituents can be, for example, one or more C,_ 5 alkyl groups, preferably C,_ 2 alkyl groups. A combination of such iron complexes may also be used.
  • Suitable alkyl-substituted-dicyclopentadienyl iron complexes are cyclopentadienyl(methylcyclopentadienyl) iron, cyclopentadienyl(ethyl- cyclopentadienyl) iron, bis-(methylcyclopentadienyl) iron bis-(ethylcyclopentadienyl) iron, bis-(l,2-dimethylcyclopentadienyl) iron, iron pentacarbonyl, and bis-(l-methyl- 3-ethylcyclopentadienyl) iron.
  • These iron complexes can be prepared by the processes taught in US-A-2680756, US-A-2804468, GB-A-0733129 and GB-A- 0763550 - the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
  • Suitable iron complexes are dicyclopentadienyl iron and/or bis- (methylcyclopentadienyl) iron.
  • a highly preferred iron complex is ferrocene (i.e. dicyclopentadienyl iron).
  • the fuel of the present invention is preferably a motor fuel for a spark-ignition engine and typically consists of liquid hydrocarbons boiling in the petrol range - which is typically from about 15°C to about 250°C, preferably from about 20°C to about 230°C. These fuels are typically blends of various hydrocarbon fractions comprising one or more of saturates, naphthenes, paraffins, olefins, cycloaliphatic hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons.
  • the base fuel - i.e. the fuel without the compositions of the present invention - can be any suitable refinery product obtained by any one or more of distillation, isomerisation, cracking, reforming, alkylation, hydrocracking, and polymerisation processes.
  • the fuel typically has an initial boiling point of from about 15°C to about 60°C and a final boiling point of from about 150°C to about 250°C.
  • the fuel has an initial boiling point of from 20°C to 40°C and a final boiling point of from 150°C to 230°C.
  • the fuel has an initial boiling point of from 20°C to 40°C and a final boiling point of from 170°C to 200°C.
  • a highly preferred embodiment of the present invention relates to fuels (and additives for making same) comprising up to about 12 ppm elemental iron.
  • the concentration of elemental lead is from about 0.03g/litre to about 0.08g/litre.
  • concentration of elemental lead is from about 0.04g/litre to about 0.06g/litre.
  • the concentration of elemental lead is about 0.05g/litre.
  • the concentration of elemental iron is from about 6 ppm to about 12 ppm.
  • the concentration of elemental iron is from about 7 ppm to about 10 ppm.
  • the concentration of elemental iron is about 9 ppm.
  • the iron complex is at least ferrocene. In one embodiment, the iron complex is essentially only ferrocene.
  • the ferrocene should be present in a concentration of from about 1 ppm to about 40 ppm, more preferably in an amount of from about 20 ppm to about 40 ppm, even more preferably in an amount of about 30 ppm.
  • Suitable scavenger mixtures include:
  • Suitable tetraalkyl lead compound admixtures include:
  • the concentration of elemental lead is about 39.39% .
  • the iron complex may be added as pure iron complex.
  • the iron complex can be in admixture with another additive.
  • a suitable iron complex admixture is 5-15% by weight solution of the iron complex in a high boiling solvent - such as Shellsol ABTM (supplied by Shell).
  • the iron complex is added as any one of:
  • the base fuel has a research octane number ("RON") of 70-95.
  • the base fuel has a RON of 75-90.
  • the base fuel has a RON of 80-90.
  • compositions according to the present invention are prepared by adding pure ferrocene to any one of TEL-CB, TEL-B or TEL-SF type products.
  • a preferable mix is 33.5% weight elemental lead and 4.5% weight elemental iron and would be treated at 200 ppm into gasoline of 0.75 kg/litre density. This could be achieved by mixing 85.05% by weight of TEL-B, TEL-CB or TEL-SF with 14.95% by weight ferrocene.
  • compositions according to the present invention are prepared by adding the above-mentioned ferrocene solution to any one of TEL-CB, TEL-B or TEL-SF.
  • a preferable mix is 36.2% TEL-CB, TEL-B or TEL-SF/63.8% ferrocene as 10% solution. This mix would contain 14.26% elemental lead and 1.91 % elemental iron and would be treated at 470 ppm.
  • a further alternative preferable composition is prepared by blending pure TEL with 10% by weight solution of ferrocene in Shellsol ABTM (supplied by Shell).
  • the product could be prepared by blending 25.9% by weight pure TEL with 74.1 % by weight of a 10% solution by weight of ferrocene in Shellsol ABTM (supplied by Shell).
  • appropriate dye and antioxidant could also be added. This yields a composition containing no scavengers but 16.6% by weight of lead and 2.22% by weight of iron.
  • the composition could then be treated into gasoline at 405 ppm.
  • the present invention also covers an additive composition that is used to form a fuel according to the present invention.
  • the composition can comprise the iron complex and the tetraalkyl lead compound admixed with a suitable carrier or diluent - such as a gasoline miscible liquid carrier or diluent.
  • a suitable carrier or diluent - such as a gasoline miscible liquid carrier or diluent.
  • the carrier or diluent can be a liquid hydrocarbon, alcohol or ether, or mixture of two or more thereof, or can also be itself a gasoline blend, or base oil stock.
  • the resultant fuel has a concentration of elemental lead in the range of from about O.Olg/litre to about 0.2g/litre and a concentration of elemental iron in the range of from about 1 ppm to less than 30 ppm, preferably up to about 12 ppm.
  • the present invention provides a fuel suitable for use as a fuel for a spark- ignition engine, wherein the fuel comprises an iron complex and a tetraalkyl lead compound, characterised in that the concentration of elemental lead is from about O.Olg/litre to about 0.2g/litre and the concentration of elemental iron is from about 1 ppm to less than 30 ppm.
  • the present invention provides a fuel suitable for use as a fuel for a spark- ignition engine, wherein the fuel comprises an iron complex and a tetraalkyl lead compound, characterised in that the concentration of elemental lead is from about O.Olg/litre to about 0.2g/litre and the concentration of elemental iron is from about 1 ppm to about 12 ppm.
  • the present invention provides a fuel suitable for use as a fuel for a spark-ignition engine, wherein the fuel comprises an iron complex and a tetraalkyl lead compound, wherein the iron complex is at least ferrocene and the tetraalkyl lead compound is at least TEL, characterised in that the concentration of elemental lead is from about O.Olg/litre to about 0.2g/litre and the concentration of elemental iron is from about 1 ppm to about 12 ppm.
  • the present invention provides a fuel suitable for use as a fuel for a spark-ignition engine, wherein the fuel comprises ferrocene and TEL, characterised in that the concentration of elemental lead is from about 0.03g/litre to about 0.08g/litre and the concentration of elemental iron is from about 6 ppm to about 12 ppm.
  • the present invention provides a fuel suitable for use as a fuel for a spark- ignition engine, wherein the fuel comprises ferrocene and TEL, characterised in that the concentration of elemental lead is about 0.05g/litre and the concentration of elemental iron is about 9 ppm.
  • compositions of the present invention increase the RON and/ or MON values of fuels.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un combustible. Ce combustible renferme une composition contenant un complexe de fer et un composé de plomb-tétraalkyle, et est caractérisé par sa concentration en plomb élémentaire qui varie entre 0,01g/litre et 0,2g/litre environ, et par sa concentration en fer élémentaire qui varie entre 1 νg/gramme et moins de 30 νg/gramme.
PCT/GB1998/000437 1997-02-14 1998-02-12 Additif pour combustible renfermant un complexe de fer et un compose de plomb Ceased WO1998036039A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU60013/98A AU6001398A (en) 1997-02-14 1998-02-12 Fuel additive containing an iron complex and a lead compound
EP98903199A EP0961821A1 (fr) 1997-02-14 1998-02-12 Additif pour combustible renfermant un complexe de fer et un compose de plomb

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9703079.5 1997-02-14
GBGB9703079.5A GB9703079D0 (en) 1997-02-14 1997-02-14 Fuel
GBGB9706472.9A GB9706472D0 (en) 1997-02-14 1997-03-27 Fuel
GB9706472.9 1997-03-27

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1998036039A1 true WO1998036039A1 (fr) 1998-08-20

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB1998/000437 Ceased WO1998036039A1 (fr) 1997-02-14 1998-02-12 Additif pour combustible renfermant un complexe de fer et un compose de plomb

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0961821A1 (fr)
AU (1) AU6001398A (fr)
WO (1) WO1998036039A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2605953C1 (ru) * 2015-10-21 2017-01-10 Акционерное общество "Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт по переработке нефти" (АО "ВНИИ НП") Многофункциональная добавка к авиационным бензинам (варианты)
WO2019168490A1 (fr) * 2018-02-28 2019-09-06 Mykytiuk Oleksandr Yuriiovych Émulsion eau-carburant et procédé de traitement de carburant

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1078519A (fr) * 1952-03-19 1954-11-18 Du Pont Carburant pour moteurs et agent antidétonant destiné à ce carburant
DE1101853B (de) * 1957-07-12 1961-03-09 Ethyl Corp Kraftstoff
FR1272916A (fr) * 1957-11-26 1961-10-06 Ethyl Corp Compositions perfectionnées de carburant pour moteurs à combustion interne
GB898343A (en) * 1958-11-20 1962-06-06 Ethyl Corp Gasoline composition
FR1302404A (fr) * 1961-03-27 1962-08-31 Shell Int Research Composition de carburant perfectionnée
US3341311A (en) * 1953-07-27 1967-09-12 Du Pont Liquid hydrocarbon fuels
US3353938A (en) * 1963-04-12 1967-11-21 Du Pont Antiknock compositions and motor fuels containing them
DE1289357B (de) * 1961-01-27 1969-02-13 Shell Int Research Treibstoffe
DE2502307A1 (de) * 1974-01-21 1975-07-31 Syntex Inc Neue fluessige kraftstoffmischungen bzw. -praeparate und deren verwendung

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1078519A (fr) * 1952-03-19 1954-11-18 Du Pont Carburant pour moteurs et agent antidétonant destiné à ce carburant
US3341311A (en) * 1953-07-27 1967-09-12 Du Pont Liquid hydrocarbon fuels
DE1101853B (de) * 1957-07-12 1961-03-09 Ethyl Corp Kraftstoff
FR1272916A (fr) * 1957-11-26 1961-10-06 Ethyl Corp Compositions perfectionnées de carburant pour moteurs à combustion interne
GB898343A (en) * 1958-11-20 1962-06-06 Ethyl Corp Gasoline composition
DE1289357B (de) * 1961-01-27 1969-02-13 Shell Int Research Treibstoffe
FR1302404A (fr) * 1961-03-27 1962-08-31 Shell Int Research Composition de carburant perfectionnée
US3353938A (en) * 1963-04-12 1967-11-21 Du Pont Antiknock compositions and motor fuels containing them
DE2502307A1 (de) * 1974-01-21 1975-07-31 Syntex Inc Neue fluessige kraftstoffmischungen bzw. -praeparate und deren verwendung

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2605953C1 (ru) * 2015-10-21 2017-01-10 Акционерное общество "Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт по переработке нефти" (АО "ВНИИ НП") Многофункциональная добавка к авиационным бензинам (варианты)
WO2019168490A1 (fr) * 2018-02-28 2019-09-06 Mykytiuk Oleksandr Yuriiovych Émulsion eau-carburant et procédé de traitement de carburant

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0961821A1 (fr) 1999-12-08
AU6001398A (en) 1998-09-08

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