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WO1998030841A1 - Procede et dispositif de combustion de combustibles hydrocarbures liquides - Google Patents

Procede et dispositif de combustion de combustibles hydrocarbures liquides Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1998030841A1
WO1998030841A1 PCT/CA1998/000016 CA9800016W WO9830841A1 WO 1998030841 A1 WO1998030841 A1 WO 1998030841A1 CA 9800016 W CA9800016 W CA 9800016W WO 9830841 A1 WO9830841 A1 WO 9830841A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fuel
appliance
heat exchanger
heating zone
burner
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CA1998/000016
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English (en)
Inventor
William H. Velke
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from PCT/CA1997/000015 external-priority patent/WO1997039284A1/fr
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of WO1998030841A1 publication Critical patent/WO1998030841A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
    • F23K5/00—Feeding or distributing other fuel to combustion apparatus
    • F23K5/02—Liquid fuel
    • F23K5/14—Details thereof
    • F23K5/20—Preheating devices

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the improvement of the thermal efficiency of conventional fluid hydrocarbon fuels, such as natural gas and propane gas when employed as fuel for residential, commercial and industrial space heating, process heating and cooling appliances, whereby such thermal efficiency improvement is obtained through modifying the fuel's operating temperature prior to delivery of it to the combustion zone of such appliances
  • combustion ability of certain heavy waste oil employed as furnace fuel may be improved by significantly pre-heating, vaporizing or pre- mixing such fuel with vaporized gases or other vapors prior to combustion
  • a heating appliance itself does not provide sufficient heat to effect such fuel vaporization or similar fuel conditioning treatment, and therefore additional means, such as electric heating coils and the like, have to be installed in order to facilitate such conditioning or pre-combustion treatment of heavy waste oil fuels.
  • La Haye et al. discloses a method, which uses an external source of heat as well as part of the combustion chamber heat, to finely atomize a hydrocarbon fluid such as fuel oil to produce an emulsion of the oil with a secondary fluid prior to fuel oil combustion, thereby increasing combustion efficiency and minimizing pollutant discharge during combustion of such emulsified fuel mixture.
  • the fuel is pre-heated to a temperature of between 150 to 250 degrees Fahrenheit.
  • I. W. Akesson discloses a furnace burner-blower arrangement, which employs pressure and heat to pre-treat heavy fuel oil prior to combustion.
  • the fuel oil is heated by way of a heating element which is controlled by thermostats to maintain a certain oil temperature range, but without stating any specific and most advantageous operating fuel oil temperature range.
  • Andrew Palko discloses an oil burner comprising an electric heating element to pre-heat the burner so as to cause instant vaporization of the fuel oil as it is fed to the burner.
  • This system includes temperature control means to regulate the fuel oil temperature without specifying any particular fuel oil temperature or temperature range, which would be required to obtain the claimed vaporization and desired combustion efficiency or emission reduction.
  • an appliance burner will respond to fuel delivered to its burner nozzle at a constant and specifically elevated pre-combustion temperature level.
  • elevated temperature must not be as high as to approach the flash point temperature of the fuel or as to begin vaporizing the fuel prior to combustion, as this would interfere with the function of the burner nozzle, resulting in a loss of thermal efficiency, and as such would be contrary to the teaching in this disclosure.
  • the most advantageous fuel pre-combustion operating temperature is a moderate temperature range somewhat above a normally low fuel delivery temperature experienced during the heating season, but sufficiently high to effect fuel expansion and effecting fuel BTU input of the normally low temperature delivered fuel without causing interference with the conventional combustion process of the appliance.
  • the present invention therefore discloses a method and device to moderately preheat natural gas or propane gas or other conventional fluid hydrocarbon fuels, as used in most of today's typical residential, commercial and industrial appliances incorporating a burner located in a combustion zone, which method and device is able to provide a certain amount of thermal energy fuel efficiency improvement, and at the same time reduce harmful flue gas emission when operating with the appliance.
  • Such method incorporates a device, which may be able to rely solely on heat generated by the appliance as the heat source for its fuel pre-heating operation, consisting of the following basic components.
  • It comprises a primary fuel supply conduit defining a heat exchanger assembly through which the fuel is routed on its way to the appliance's burner nozzle.
  • This heat exchanger assembly is located in a heating zone which may employ heat from a heat source located either adjacent the appliance's combustion area, adjacent the appliance's flue gas vent area or adjacent the appliance's heat supply plenum area. Where access to any of such heat source locations is difficult, the heating zone may employ heat from a heat source unrelated to the appliance.
  • the heat exchanger assembly may in certain applications incorporate a heat equalizer segment from heat storage material, as part of the heat exchanger assembly, in order to equalize heat transfer from the heating zone to the heat exchanger during the on/off cycles of the appliance.
  • a heat activated mixing valve may be incorporated in conjunction with a secondary fuel supply conduit bypassing the heating zone, which, in connection with mixing means, may control delivery of fuel to the appliance's burner nozzle at a constant and pre-set desired optimal operating temperature range of between 90 and 165 degrees Fahrenheit, should the heating zone be subject to drastic temperature fluctuations.
  • the contemplated general fuel operating temperature however must range somewhere between above 37 degrees Fahrenheit and below the fuel's flash point level or it's vaporization temperature, as the case may be.
  • Fuel is routed from the incoming general fuel supply conduit through a primary fuel supply conduit defining a heat exchanger assembly, which is located in a heating zone, directly to the burner within the combustion zone of the appliance.
  • heat is transferred to the heating zone, which may be located adjacent a heat source of the appliance such as the flue gas vent area or adjacent an alternate heat source area, pre-heating the fuel passing through the heat exchanger assembly located in the heating zone.
  • various means may be employed. The preferred means my rely on the dimensions of the heat exchanger assembly, its effect on fuel volume and flow velocity, it's distance in relation to the heat source operating the heating zone, and on the on and off cycle of the appliance.
  • Another means may include a heat activated mixing valve located in a suitable housing, with such valve employed in conjunction with a secondary fuel bypass conduit, routed outside the heating zone, providing mixing means of unheated and heated fuel in proportions to maintain the desired fuel operating temperature range.
  • Yet another means may employ a heat storage material as part of the heat exchanger assembly, surrounding at least in part the heat exchanger assembly, thereby assisting in the control of the desired fuel operating temperature level by equalizing heat transfer to the fuel during the on/off cycle of the appliance and the related high/low temperature exposure of the fuel as it is passing through the heat exchanger assembly.
  • Yet a further means may employ a combination of means as heretofore described.
  • a similar effect may be achieved for applications to some appliances, from which heat for pre-heating may not be economically extractable, by employing a device which moderately pre-heats fuel by using a separate heat source other than a heat source related to the appliance's combustion zone or flue gas vent area, such as an electrical resistor element. Such heat source could then be adjusted to control the desired fuel temperature level.
  • Figure 1 of the drawings appended hereto depicts a view of a typical heating appliance in side elevation with a heat exchanger assembly located within its heating zone housing extending through a heating zone adjacent the combustion zone of the appliance, illustrating the general method of operation of the invention.
  • FIG. 2 of the drawings appended hereto depicts a view of a typical heating appliance as shown in Figure 1, but in front elevation, with a heat exchanger assembly located within its heating zone housing extending through a heating zone located adjacent the combustion zone of the appliance.
  • Figure 3 of the drawings appended hereto depicts a partial cut-away view, in front elevation, through a heating zone housing with its heat exchanger assembly, including a heat equalizer segment, to fit a typical appliance combustion zone application.
  • Figure 4 of the drawings appended hereto depicts a partial cut-away view, in front elevation, of a heating zone housing with a heat exchanger assembly, to fit a typical appliance flue vent application.
  • Figure 5 of the drawings appended hereto depicts a partial cut-away isometric view of a heating zone housing with a variation of a heat exchanger assembly, to fit a typical appliance flue vent application.
  • Figure 6 of the drawings appended hereto depicts another partial cut-away isometric view of a heating zone housing with yet a further variation of a heat exchanger assembly including heat equalizer segments, to fit a typical appliance flue vent application.
  • Figure 7 of the drawings appended hereto depicts yet another partial cut-away view of a heating zone housing with a heat exchanger assembly, to fit a typical commercial rooftop appliance flue vent application.
  • Figure 8 of the drawings appended hereto depicts a sectional view through a typical three port heat activated mixing valve in its insulated housing.
  • FIG. 1 of the drawings there is shown, in side elevation view, the operating method in a general layout of a fuel pre-heating system, consisting of a fuel oil or propane gas tank 1, which is usually located remote from the heating appliance's location.
  • the fuel conduit on its way from the tank to the appliance burner, leads, in case of fuel oil, through fuel filter 2.
  • Fuel conduit 11 may then be connected to the fuel supply from the remote tank location or, in the case of natural gas, directly to the main fuel supply conduit and meter.
  • Such primary fuel supply conduit 11 leads to the heat exchanger assembly inside a heating zone housing 10, which extends through a heating zone, from where fuel delivery is connected through fuel conduit 12 via fuel conduit 14 to the burner 8.
  • fuel conduit 12 may first lead to a mixing valve 9, which operates in conjunction with a secondary fuel by-pass conduit 13, which avoids the heat exchanger assembly inside heating zone housing 10, leading from conduit 11 to mixing valve 9, where it makes untreated fuel available on demand for mixing with temperature elevated fuel supplied from the heat exchanger assembly.
  • fuel conduit 14 connects mixing valve 9 with the appliance burner 8, located in the combustion zone 7, which in turn is generally located inside the appliance 3.
  • the heating appliance 3 is further attached to the supply air duct 4 and to return air duct 5 and to the appliance flue gas vent 6, which is connected to the appliance's chimney or mechanical exhaust.
  • the heating zone may be located adjacent the combustion zone, or may be located adjacent the flue vent area or the hot air supply area of the appliance. In some cases, where such arrangement is impossible, the heating zone may employ a heat source unrelated to the appliance.
  • the such heated fuel is then routed from the heating zone housing outlet either to a mixing means, where it is mixed, by way of a secondary fuel supply conduit, delivering untreated, lower temperature fuel to adjust the fuel temperature according to the set operating range, or, if the fuel temperature automatically remains within the desired fuel operating temperature range, is routed without employing mixing means directly from the heating zone housing outlet to the burner in the appliance's combustion zone, where fuel combustion is effected.
  • All other appliance components will operate as commonly understood in the art, except for the fact that combustion efficiency will now be increased and harmful flue gas emission will be reduced.
  • FIG. 2 of the drawings there is shown again, this time in front elevation view, the operating method in a general layout of a fuel pre-heating system as shown in Figure 1, with the location of the heat exchanger assembly in heating zone housing 10 relative to the heating appliance 3 and specifically to the appliance's combustion zone 7. It also shows the location of the fuel mixing valve 9, which may be employed in some applications, and its connection to appliance burner 8.
  • the heat exchanger assembly in order to absorb heat efficiently from the appliance, has its heating zone housing extended through a heating zone located either within or above the appliance's shroud 20, or directly adjacent the surface of the appliance's combustion zone 7.
  • the heating zone may be located either at the front panel of the combustion zone, as shown in this illustration, or either against a side panel or above the top panel of the combustion zone, inside the hot air plenum 4, depending on the appliance's make or model, or depending on the type of after market installation.
  • the heat exchanger assembly in its heating zone housing 10 is connected at its inlet location 17 to primary fuel supply conduit 11 leading from the remote fuel tank or general fuel supply conduit, while fuel conduit 12 is connected at the heating zone housing outlet location 18, and leads from the heat exchanger assembly either directly to the burner 8, or as shown in this case as the alternate operating method, to the heat activated fuel mixing valve 9.
  • Such mixing valve is then further connected to a secondary fuel supply conduit 13, which by-passes the heating zone, leading directly from the remote fuel tank or primary fuel supply conduit 11, to provide untreated fuel for mixing, and fuel conduit 14 finally directs heat treated fuel at the pre-set temperature to the appliance burner 8.
  • fuel conduit 12 leading from the heat exchanger assembly in the heating zone housing to mixing valve 9, as well as fuel conduit 14, leading from mixing valve 9 to the appliance's burner 8, and of course the mixing valve itself, should be suitably insulated against external heat loss.
  • valve 9 should be located at as close a distance as possible to the appliance burner location 8.
  • FIG. 3 of the drawings is shown a partial cut-away view through a heat exchanger assembly in its heating zone housing 10, in front elevation view, consisting of a heat equalizer segment 15 which absorbs heat from the appliance, and as such is constructed from a material with heat storage capacity like ceramic or the like.
  • This heat equalizer segment surrounds the heat exchanger 16 , which is in this case a hollow plate heat exchanger, designed especially to transfer heat efficiently from the heat equalizer portion to the fuel as it passes through such heat exchanger.
  • the heat exchanger is connected to the fuel supply from the fuel tank or general fuel supply conduit via the primary fuel supply conduit at heating zone housing inlet 17 from where untreated fuel enters the heat exchanger assembly, and, after being heated in the heat exchanger, such fuel exits at heating zone housing outlet location 18 to the appropriate fuel conduit for delivery either to the mixing valve or directly to the appliance burner.
  • the heat exchanger assembly has all its surface areas, which are subject to external heat loss, protected through insulation material 21.
  • FIG. 4 of the drawings is shown a partial cut-away view through a heat exchanger assembly in its heating zone housing 10, in front elevation view, designed especially to fit flue vent applications for appliances such as water heaters, suspended commercial space heaters and other appliances with a typical flue vent configuration 6 and flue gas temperatures in excess of 280 degrees Fahrenheit.
  • the heat exchanger 16 which is designed to transfer heat to the fuel as it passes through it, is in this case constructed from a typical fuel supply conduit such as a steel flex connector for gas, or a copper tube conduit for other fluid hydrocarbon fuel applications.
  • the heat exchanger is connected to the fuel supply from the fuel tank or general fuel supply conduit via the primary fuel supply conduit at heating zone housing inlet 17 from where untreated fuel enters the heat exchanger assembly, and, after being heated in the heat exchanger, such fuel exits at heating zone housing outlet location 18 to the appropriate fuel conduit for delivery either to the mixing valve or directly to the appliance burner.
  • the heat exchanger assembly is protected against external heat loss through insulation material 21.
  • FIG. 5 of the drawings is shown a partial cut-away isometric view through a heat exchanger assembly in its heating zone housing 10, in front elevation, designed especially to fit flue vent applications for appliances such as water heaters, suspended commercial space heaters and other appliances with a typical flue vent configuration 6 and flue gas temperatures in excess of 280 degrees Fahrenheit.
  • the heat exchanger 16 which is designed to transfer heat efficiently to the fuel as it passes through it, is in this case constructed from hollow plates, which allows maximum exposure of fuel surface to the heat source.
  • the heat exchanger is connected to the fuel supply from the fuel tank or general fuel supply conduit via the primary fuel supply conduit at heating zone housing inlet 17 from where untreated fuel enters the heat exchanger assembly, and, after being heated in the heat exchanger, such fuel exits at heating zone housing outlet location 18 to the appropriate fuel conduit for delivery either to the mixing valve or directly to the appliance burner.
  • the heat exchanger assembly may or may not include insulation material to reduce external heat loss.
  • FIG. 6 of the drawings is shown a partial cut-away isometric view through a heat exchanger assembly in its heating zone housing 10, as shown in Figure 5, designed especially to fit flue vent applications.
  • the hollow plate heat exchanger 16 is interspersed with heat equalizer segments 15, which absorb heat to balance heat transfer to the fuel during the appliances on/off operating cycles.
  • the heat exchanger is again connected to the fuel supply from the fuel tank or general fuel supply conduit via the primary fuel supply conduit at heating zone housing inlet 17 from where untreated fuel enters the heat exchanger assembly, and, after being heated in the heat exchanger, such fuel exits at heating zone housing outlet location 18 to the appropriate fuel conduit for delivery either to the mixing valve or directly to the appliance burner.
  • the heat exchanger assembly may or may not include insulation material to reduce external heat loss.
  • FIG 7 of the drawings is shown a partial cut-away view through a heat exchanger assembly in its heating zone housing 10, in front elevation view, similar as in Figure 4, this time designed especially to fit flue vent applications for appliances such as commercial, roof mounted space heaters and cooling equipment, with a typical flue vent configuration as indicated in 6, and flue gas temperatures in excess of 280 degrees Fahrenheit.
  • the heat exchanger 16 which is designed to transfer heat to the fuel as it passes through it, is here again constructed from a typical fuel supply conduit such as a steel flex connector for gas, or a copper tube conduit for other fluid hydrocarbon fuel applications.
  • the heat exchanger is connected to the fuel supply from the fuel tank or general fuel supply conduit via the primary fuel supply conduit at heating zone housing inlet 17 from where untreated fuel enters the heat exchanger assembly, and, after being heated in the heat exchanger, such fuel exits at heating zone housing outlet location 18 to the appropriate fuel conduit for delivery either to the mixing valve or directly to the appliance burner.
  • the heat exchanger assembly is protected against external heat loss through insulation material 21.
  • Figure 8 of the drawings is illustrated a heat activated fuel mixing valve 9 in sectional view, showing its insulation cover 21 , insulated fuel line 12 from the heat exchanger / fuel storage radiator, fuel line 13 from the remote heating appliance fuel tank or supply line, and insulated fuel line 14 leading to the appliance's burner.
  • the arrows indicate the flow direction and mixing of the fuel flow, and how the heat activated valve 19 may respond to a preset temperature variance and thereby facilitating a mixing action of heated and unheated fuel to reach the desired temperature for delivery to the appliance's burner nozzle.
  • the thermally activated valve actuator 19 may be a known in the art wax element actuator with creep action response, or the like, as shown here, pre-set to operate at a particular temperature or temperature range, or may be a temperature selective valve actuator operated by a remote sensor, controlled by a variable temperature thermostat.
  • a device according to the present invention may be manufactured using established manufacturing techniques and components known in the art, and such device may then be attached to a heating appliance natural gas or propane gas or other conventional fluid hydrocarbon fuels, and may be operated in accordance with the method as disclosed herein.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Feeding And Controlling Fuel (AREA)

Abstract

Procédé permettant d'augmenter la valeur d'efficacité thermique (BTU) pour appareil incorporant une zone de combustion (7) et un brûleur (8), ainsi que l'intensité et l'efficacité thermique de la combustion du combustible, et de limiter les émissions de fumée dudit appareil au moyen d'un dispositif (10) effectuant un réchauffement préalable modéré et un traitement de combustible à basse température alimentant l'appareil avant la combustion, par extraction de chaleur depuis la zone de combustion de l'appareil, de manière à alimenter le brûleur en combustible à une température de fonctionnement constante, réglée au préalable et située entre 37 °F et la température du point d'inflammation du combustible.
PCT/CA1998/000016 1997-01-10 1998-01-07 Procede et dispositif de combustion de combustibles hydrocarbures liquides Ceased WO1998030841A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/CA1997/000015 WO1997039284A1 (fr) 1996-04-17 1997-01-10 Procede et dispositif de combustion pour combustibles hydrocarbones liquides
CAPCT/CA97/00015 1997-01-10
US08/925,494 US5888060A (en) 1996-04-17 1997-09-08 Method and device to increase combustion efficiency heating appliances
US08/925,494 1997-09-08

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1998030841A1 true WO1998030841A1 (fr) 1998-07-16

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PCT/CA1998/000016 Ceased WO1998030841A1 (fr) 1997-01-10 1998-01-07 Procede et dispositif de combustion de combustibles hydrocarbures liquides

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Citations (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA380126A (fr) 1939-03-14 Frederick French George Production de bandes tissees
CA457123A (fr) 1949-05-31 Joseph Senninger Earl Bruleur de combustible liquide
US2781087A (en) 1953-09-17 1957-02-12 Iron Fireman Mfg Co Fuel oil conditioning system
US2840148A (en) 1955-12-06 1958-06-24 Chalmers Products Aktiebolag Pressure oil burner for heavy oil
US3876363A (en) 1974-01-02 1975-04-08 Aqua Chem Inc Atomizing method and apparatus
JPS54156938A (en) * 1978-05-31 1979-12-11 Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd Liquefied natural gas cold heat utilizing generating method and its device
DE3105528A1 (de) * 1980-03-05 1982-01-28 Teblo AB, 53040 Järpas Heizungsanlage
US4392820A (en) 1980-12-29 1983-07-12 Niederholtmeyer Werner G Process and apparatus for utilizing waste oil
US4406943A (en) * 1980-01-09 1983-09-27 Wilkinson Robert S Temperature self-limiting electric fuel oil heater for oil burner units
EP0478305A2 (fr) * 1990-09-26 1992-04-01 Hitachi, Ltd. Chambre de combustion et appareil à combustion
US5218944A (en) * 1992-10-26 1993-06-15 Leonard Paul D Fuel preheating system for internal combustion engines
DE4219937A1 (de) * 1992-06-18 1993-12-23 Herbert Rick Erdgasvorwärmanlage
WO1997039284A1 (fr) 1996-04-17 1997-10-23 Velke William H Procede et dispositif de combustion pour combustibles hydrocarbones liquides

Patent Citations (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA457123A (fr) 1949-05-31 Joseph Senninger Earl Bruleur de combustible liquide
CA380126A (fr) 1939-03-14 Frederick French George Production de bandes tissees
US2781087A (en) 1953-09-17 1957-02-12 Iron Fireman Mfg Co Fuel oil conditioning system
US2840148A (en) 1955-12-06 1958-06-24 Chalmers Products Aktiebolag Pressure oil burner for heavy oil
US3876363A (en) 1974-01-02 1975-04-08 Aqua Chem Inc Atomizing method and apparatus
JPS54156938A (en) * 1978-05-31 1979-12-11 Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd Liquefied natural gas cold heat utilizing generating method and its device
US4406943A (en) * 1980-01-09 1983-09-27 Wilkinson Robert S Temperature self-limiting electric fuel oil heater for oil burner units
DE3105528A1 (de) * 1980-03-05 1982-01-28 Teblo AB, 53040 Järpas Heizungsanlage
US4392820A (en) 1980-12-29 1983-07-12 Niederholtmeyer Werner G Process and apparatus for utilizing waste oil
EP0478305A2 (fr) * 1990-09-26 1992-04-01 Hitachi, Ltd. Chambre de combustion et appareil à combustion
DE4219937A1 (de) * 1992-06-18 1993-12-23 Herbert Rick Erdgasvorwärmanlage
US5218944A (en) * 1992-10-26 1993-06-15 Leonard Paul D Fuel preheating system for internal combustion engines
WO1997039284A1 (fr) 1996-04-17 1997-10-23 Velke William H Procede et dispositif de combustion pour combustibles hydrocarbones liquides

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
"gas engineers handbook, 9th printing, Chapter 8", article "Gas calorimetry", pages: 6 - 42
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 004, no. 020 (M - 092) 19 February 1980 (1980-02-19) *

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