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WO1998020580A1 - Cageclamp-technology connecting piece - Google Patents

Cageclamp-technology connecting piece Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1998020580A1
WO1998020580A1 PCT/DE1997/002470 DE9702470W WO9820580A1 WO 1998020580 A1 WO1998020580 A1 WO 1998020580A1 DE 9702470 W DE9702470 W DE 9702470W WO 9820580 A1 WO9820580 A1 WO 9820580A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
leg
connector
tension spring
connecting piece
cageclamp
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/DE1997/002470
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Hans Pfab
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE29619139U external-priority patent/DE29619139U1/en
Application filed by Siemens AG, Siemens Corp filed Critical Siemens AG
Priority to EP97947706A priority Critical patent/EP0937316B1/en
Priority to DE59702910T priority patent/DE59702910D1/en
Publication of WO1998020580A1 publication Critical patent/WO1998020580A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/44—Magnetic coils or windings
    • H01H50/443—Connections to coils
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R4/00—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
    • H01R4/28—Clamped connections, spring connections
    • H01R4/48—Clamped connections, spring connections utilising a spring, clip, or other resilient member
    • H01R4/4809—Clamped connections, spring connections utilising a spring, clip, or other resilient member using a leaf spring to bias the conductor toward the busbar
    • H01R4/4846—Busbar details
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/58—Electric connections to or between contacts; Terminals
    • H01H1/5844—Electric connections to or between contacts; Terminals making use of wire-gripping clips or springs
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R4/00—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
    • H01R4/28—Clamped connections, spring connections
    • H01R4/48—Clamped connections, spring connections utilising a spring, clip, or other resilient member
    • H01R4/4809—Clamped connections, spring connections utilising a spring, clip, or other resilient member using a leaf spring to bias the conductor toward the busbar
    • H01R4/4811—Spring details
    • H01R4/4816—Spring details the spring shape preventing insertion of the conductor end when the spring is unbiased
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R4/00—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
    • H01R4/28—Clamped connections, spring connections
    • H01R4/48—Clamped connections, spring connections utilising a spring, clip, or other resilient member
    • H01R4/4809—Clamped connections, spring connections utilising a spring, clip, or other resilient member using a leaf spring to bias the conductor toward the busbar
    • H01R4/484—Spring housing details
    • H01R4/4842—Spring housing details the spring housing being provided with a single opening for insertion of a spring-activating tool

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a connector for Cageclamp connection technology, which is made in one piece as a stamped and bent part and which has a first leg for receiving a tension spring and a second leg for contacting.
  • a generic connector according to FIG 4 is used for terminal blocks.
  • the tension spring is supported by support lugs angled laterally on the first leg and thus protected against incorrect operation in such a way that the actuating tool is inserted into the wire insertion opening and the tension spring is thus bent.
  • the laterally angled support tabs are in turn supported in the housing.
  • the connector designed in this way is relatively expensive to manufacture due to the high cost of materials.
  • the invention has for its object to improve a connector of the type mentioned above so that it can be manufactured with little material loss.
  • the object is achieved in that a locking lobe is removed from the first leg and the first leg is angled in the opposite direction.
  • FIG 2 shows the connector according to FIG 1 in a front
  • FIG. 3 shows a perspective view of the connector according to FIG.
  • FIG. 1 shows a section of a contactor housing, which is composed of an upper part 1, a lower part 2 and a cap 14.
  • the connector 3 is mounted for cage clamp connection technology.
  • the connector 3 carries two cage tension spring 4, for their actuation when connecting a conductor in the cap 14 an opening 5 for carrying out a tool, e.g. a screwdriver is provided.
  • the cap 14 is provided with a line feed opening 6.
  • the connector 3 shown in a side view in FIG. 2 is made in one piece as a stamped and bent part and consists of a first leg 7, which has 2 horn-shaped receptacles 8 at its end, and a second leg 9, which is angled at almost a right angle to it, for con - tacting serves.
  • Two cage tension springs 4 can be clamped onto the first leg 7.
  • a flap 10 which has been sheared between the horn-shaped receptacles 8 (see FIG. 3) is bent opposite to the direction of the second leg 9.
  • This tab 10, which serves to support the cage tension springs 4, can be produced without waste.
  • From the first leg 7, a locking tab 11 is also smoothly sheared out of the middle and angled in the opposite direction to the first leg 7.
  • the second leg 9 is in his
  • the assembly of the connector 3 in the contactor housing is carried out by first inserting the connector 3 with its second leg 9 into a groove 12 in the upper part 1 and then installing the lower part 2 from below, locking over the locking tabs 11.
  • the deformation 13 ensures that the connector 3 is seated in the groove 12 without play.
  • a punctiform press fit results, the plastic of the housing giving way.
  • the horn-shaped receptacles 8 are supported on the cap 14 of the contactor housing, so that when the cage tension spring 4 is actuated, plastic deformation due to the bending moment on the first leg 7 of the connecting piece 3 is prevented.
  • the connector 3 described can be manufactured inexpensively due to the low material consumption. Such connectors are usually manufactured from a stamped strip. The cost savings due to lower material consumption are particularly high if the connecting pieces are rolling seam welded contact pieces, in which the stamped strip is welded continuously with a silver strip. This is because the punching waste is coated with silver.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Connector Housings Or Holding Contact Members (AREA)
  • Details Of Connecting Devices For Male And Female Coupling (AREA)

Abstract

Disclosed is a single-piece fitting (3) manufactured in the form of a press-bent part, presenting a contact leg (9) and another leg provided for receiving a tension spring (4), from which tongues are punched and bent. The tongues (10, 11) are used for protecting the tension spring (4) positionned by pressure when using a non standard conductor connecting piece, and for blocking the connecting piece (3) when inserting same into the housing.

Description

Beschreibungdescription

Anschlußstück für Cageclamp-AnschlußtechnikConnector for Cageclamp connection technology

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Anschlußstück für Cageclamp-Anschlußtechnik, das einstückig als Stanzbiegeteil gefertigt ist und das einen ersten Schenkel zur Aufnahme einer Zugfeder und einen zweiten Schenkel zur Kontaktierung aufweist .The invention relates to a connector for Cageclamp connection technology, which is made in one piece as a stamped and bent part and which has a first leg for receiving a tension spring and a second leg for contacting.

Ein gattungsgemäßes Anschlußstück gemäß FIG 4 wird bei Reihenklemmen verwendet . Hierbei wird die Zugfeder durch am ersten Schenkel seitlich abgewinkelte Abstutzungsläppen abgestützt und somit gegen Fehlbedienungen derart geschützt, daß das Betätigungswerkzeug in die Drahteinführöffnung gesteckt und so die Zugfeder verbogen wird. Die seitlich abgewinkelten Abstützungslappen stützen sich wiederum im Gehäuse ab. Das derartig ausgeführte Anschlußstück ist aufgrund des hohen Materialaufwands in der Herstellung relativ teuer.A generic connector according to FIG 4 is used for terminal blocks. Here, the tension spring is supported by support lugs angled laterally on the first leg and thus protected against incorrect operation in such a way that the actuating tool is inserted into the wire insertion opening and the tension spring is thus bent. The laterally angled support tabs are in turn supported in the housing. The connector designed in this way is relatively expensive to manufacture due to the high cost of materials.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Anschlußstück der obengenannten Art derart zu verbessern, daß es mit geringem Materialverlust fertigbar ist.The invention has for its object to improve a connector of the type mentioned above so that it can be manufactured with little material loss.

Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß aus dem ersten Schenkel ein Verriegelungsläppen ausgeschert und den ersten Schenkel entgegengerichtet abgewinkelt ist.The object is achieved in that a locking lobe is removed from the first leg and the first leg is angled in the opposite direction.

Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind den Unter- ansprüchen 2 bis 4 zu entnehmen.Advantageous developments of the invention can be found in subclaims 2 to 4.

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung wird im folgenden anhand einer Zeichnung näher erläutert. Es zeigen: FIG 1 ein in einem Schützgehäuse montiertes Anschlußstück,An embodiment of the invention is explained below with reference to a drawing. Show it: 1 shows a connector mounted in a contactor housing,

FIG 2 das Anschlußstück gemäß FIG 1 in einer Vorder- und2 shows the connector according to FIG 1 in a front and

Seitenansicht und" Side view and "

FIG 3 eine perspektivische Ansicht des Anschlußstücks gemäß FIG 1.3 shows a perspective view of the connector according to FIG.

In FIG 1 ist ein Ausschnitt eines Schützgehäuses dargestellt, das aus einem Oberteil 1, einem Unterteil 2 und einer Kappe 14 zusammengesetzt ist. In dem ist Anschlußstück 3 für Cage- clamp-Anschlußtechnik montiert. Das Anschlußstück 3 trägt zwei Käfig-Zugfeder 4, zu deren Betätigung beim Anschluß eines Leiters in der Kappe 14 eine Öffnung 5 zur Durchführung eines Werkzeugs, z.B. eines Schraubendrehers, vorgesehen ist. Außerdem ist die Kappe 14 mit einer Leitungszuführöffnung 6 versehen.1 shows a section of a contactor housing, which is composed of an upper part 1, a lower part 2 and a cap 14. In the connector 3 is mounted for cage clamp connection technology. The connector 3 carries two cage tension spring 4, for their actuation when connecting a conductor in the cap 14 an opening 5 for carrying out a tool, e.g. a screwdriver is provided. In addition, the cap 14 is provided with a line feed opening 6.

Das in einer Seitenansicht in FIG 2 dargestellte Anschlußstück 3 ist einstückig als Stanzbiegeteil gefertigt und besteht aus einem ersten Schenkel 7, der an seinem Ende 2 hör- nerförmige Aufnahmen 8 aufweist, sowie einem dazu nahezu im rechten Winkel abgewinkelten zweiten Schenkel 9, der zur Kon- taktierung dient. An dem ersten Schenkel 7 sind zwei Käfigzugfedern 4 anklemmbar. Ein zwischen den hörnerförmigen Aufnahmen 8 (siehe FIG 3) ausgescherter Lappen 10 ist entgegen- gesetzt zur Richtung des zweiten Schenkels 9 abgebogen. Dieser Lappen 10, der zur Abstützung der Käfigzugfedern 4 dient, kann abfallos hergestellt werden. Aus dem ersten Schenkel 7 ist außerdem ein Verriegelungslappen 11 abfallos aus der Teilmitte ausgeschert und dem ersten Schenkel 7 entgegenge- richtet abgewinkelt. Der zweite Schenkel 9 ist in seinerThe connector 3 shown in a side view in FIG. 2 is made in one piece as a stamped and bent part and consists of a first leg 7, which has 2 horn-shaped receptacles 8 at its end, and a second leg 9, which is angled at almost a right angle to it, for con - tacting serves. Two cage tension springs 4 can be clamped onto the first leg 7. A flap 10 which has been sheared between the horn-shaped receptacles 8 (see FIG. 3) is bent opposite to the direction of the second leg 9. This tab 10, which serves to support the cage tension springs 4, can be produced without waste. From the first leg 7, a locking tab 11 is also smoothly sheared out of the middle and angled in the opposite direction to the first leg 7. The second leg 9 is in his

Dicke durch geringfügige Verformung 13 vergrößert, wodurch sich ein spielfreier Sitz des Anschlußstücks 3 im Oberteil 1 des Schützgehäuses erreichen läßt. Die Montage des Anschlußstücks 3 im Schützgehäuse erfolgt, indem zunächst das Anschlußstück 3 mit seinem zweiten Schenkel 9 in eine Nut 12 des Oberteils 1 eingeschoben wird und anschließend das Unterteil 2 von unten montiert wird, wobei eine Verriegelung über den Verriegelungsläppen 11 erfolgt. Die Verformung 13 gewährleistet hierbei den spielfreien Sitz des Anschlußstücks 3 in der Nut 12. Es ergibt sich eine punk- tuelle Preßpassung, wobei der Kunststoff des Gehäuses nachgibt. Die hörnerförmigen Aufnahmen 8 stützen sich an der Kap- pe 14 des Schützgehäuses ab, so daß bei Betätigung der Käfigzugfeder 4 eine plastische Verformung aufgrund des Biegemoments auf den ersten Schenkel 7 des Anschlußstücks 3 verhindert wird.Thickness increased by slight deformation 13, whereby a play-free seat of the connector 3 in the upper part 1 of the contactor housing can be achieved. The assembly of the connector 3 in the contactor housing is carried out by first inserting the connector 3 with its second leg 9 into a groove 12 in the upper part 1 and then installing the lower part 2 from below, locking over the locking tabs 11. The deformation 13 ensures that the connector 3 is seated in the groove 12 without play. A punctiform press fit results, the plastic of the housing giving way. The horn-shaped receptacles 8 are supported on the cap 14 of the contactor housing, so that when the cage tension spring 4 is actuated, plastic deformation due to the bending moment on the first leg 7 of the connecting piece 3 is prevented.

Das beschriebene Anschlußstück 3 kann aufgrund des geringen Materialverbrauchs kostengünstig gefertigt werden. Üblicherweise werden derartige Anschlußstücke aus einem Stanzband gefertigt. Die Kosteneinsparungen aufgrund geringeren Materialverbrauchs sind besonders hoch, wenn die Anschlußstücke roll- nahtgeschweißte Schaltstücke sind, bei denen das Stanzband durchgängig mit einem Silberband beschweißt ist. Hierbei ist nämlich auch der Stanzabfall mit Silber beschichtet.The connector 3 described can be manufactured inexpensively due to the low material consumption. Such connectors are usually manufactured from a stamped strip. The cost savings due to lower material consumption are particularly high if the connecting pieces are rolling seam welded contact pieces, in which the stamped strip is welded continuously with a silver strip. This is because the punching waste is coated with silver.

Obwohl die vorliegende Erfindung unter Bezugnahme auf die in der beigefügten Zeichnung dargestellte Ausführungsform erläutert ist, sollte berücksichtigt werden, daß damit nicht beabsichtigt ist, die Erfindung nur auf die dargestellte Ausführungsform zu beschränken, sondern alle möglichen Änderungen, Modifizierungen und äquivalente Anordnungen, soweit sie vom Inhalt der Patentansprüche gedeckt sind, einzuschließen. Although the present invention is explained with reference to the embodiment shown in the accompanying drawing, it should be borne in mind that it is not intended to limit the invention to the embodiment shown, but rather all possible changes, modifications and equivalent arrangements, as far as from Contents of the claims are covered.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims 1. Anschlußstück (3) für Cageclamp-Anschlußtechnik, das einstückig als Stanzbiegeteil gefertigt ist und das einen ersten Schenkel (7) zur Aufnahme einer Käfigzugfeder (4) und einen zweiten Schenkel (9) zur Kontaktierung aufweist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß aus dem ersten Schenkel (7) ein Verriegelungsläppen (11) ausgeschert und dem ersten Schenkel (7) entgegengerichtet abgewinkelt ist.1. Connector (3) for Cageclamp connection technology, which is made in one piece as a stamped and bent part and which has a first leg (7) for receiving a cage tension spring (4) and a second leg (9) for contacting, characterized in that from the first Leg (7) a locking lobe (11) is sheared and the first leg (7) is angled in the opposite direction. 2. Anschlußstück nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet , daß am Ende des ersten Schenkels (7) ein Lappen (10) ausgeschert und dem zweiten Schenkel (9) entgegengerichtet abgebogen ist.2. Connector according to claim 1, characterized in that at the end of the first leg (7) a rag (10) is sheared and the second leg (9) is bent in the opposite direction. 3. Anschlußstück nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet , daß der zweite Schenkel ( 9 ) in seiner Dicke zumindest teilweise durch Verformung (13) vergrößert ist.3. Connector according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the second leg (9) is at least partially enlarged in its thickness by deformation (13). 4. Anschlußstück nach Anspruch 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet , daß der Lappen (10) zwischen zwei hörnerförmigen Zugfeder-Aufnahmen (8) ausgeschert ist.4. Connector according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the tab (10) between two horn-shaped tension spring receptacles (8) is sheared. 5. Anschlußstück nach Anspruch 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet , daß die hörnerförmigen Zugfeder- Aufnahmen (8) nach oben verlängert sind und sich somit der Lappen (10) in der Kappe (14) abstützt. 5. Connector according to claim 1 to 4, characterized in that the horn-shaped tension spring receptacles (8) are extended upwards and thus the tab (10) in the cap (14) is supported.
PCT/DE1997/002470 1996-11-05 1997-10-23 Cageclamp-technology connecting piece Ceased WO1998020580A1 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP97947706A EP0937316B1 (en) 1996-11-05 1997-10-23 Cageclamp-technology connecting piece
DE59702910T DE59702910D1 (en) 1996-11-05 1997-10-23 CONNECTION PIECE FOR CAGECLAMP CONNECTION TECHNOLOGY

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE29619139.6 1996-11-05
DE29619139U DE29619139U1 (en) 1995-11-06 1996-11-05 Connector for Cageclamp connection technology

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1998020580A1 true WO1998020580A1 (en) 1998-05-14

Family

ID=8031465

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/DE1997/002470 Ceased WO1998020580A1 (en) 1996-11-05 1997-10-23 Cageclamp-technology connecting piece

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0937316B1 (en)
CN (1) CN1103127C (en)
WO (1) WO1998020580A1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2007107332A1 (en) * 2006-03-20 2007-09-27 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Connection element and method for connecting two switching devices, switching device and electrical distribution system

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2908012B1 (en) * 2006-10-27 2009-01-09 Abb Entrelec Soc Par Actions S ELECTRICAL APPARATUS COMPRISING AT LEAST ONE SPRING CONNECTION TERMINAL
DE102006053352B3 (en) * 2006-11-10 2008-04-17 Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co. Kg Insert, has two spring legs which are components of leg springs connected to each other by bent joint and stayed together at obtuse angle, where one spring leg is inactive and extends inside region of mounting units
DE102009035549A1 (en) * 2009-07-31 2011-02-03 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Connecting device for a coil of an electromagnetic switching device
NL2025247B1 (en) * 2020-03-31 2021-10-22 Legrand France A sheet metal part for use in a housing for accommodating devices such as electrical, electronic and optical devices

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4237733C1 (en) * 1992-11-09 1993-12-23 Weidmueller Interface Screwless connector for electrical conductors
DE4319018C1 (en) * 1993-06-08 1994-06-30 Kostal Leopold Gmbh & Co Kg Electrical terminal clamp rail
DE4433983A1 (en) * 1994-09-23 1996-03-28 Ackermann Albert Gmbh Co Terminal block for electrical installations
DE19510173C1 (en) * 1995-03-21 1996-04-18 Kostal Leopold Gmbh & Co Kg Screwless electrical conductor terminal clamp
EP0735629A1 (en) * 1995-03-29 1996-10-02 Entrelec Sa Arrangement for the connection of electrical wire conductors and especially connection module equipped with such an arrangement
DE19512371A1 (en) * 1995-04-01 1996-10-02 Abb Patent Gmbh Screwless electrical terminal for line- or earth-fault protection switch

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4237733C1 (en) * 1992-11-09 1993-12-23 Weidmueller Interface Screwless connector for electrical conductors
DE4319018C1 (en) * 1993-06-08 1994-06-30 Kostal Leopold Gmbh & Co Kg Electrical terminal clamp rail
DE4433983A1 (en) * 1994-09-23 1996-03-28 Ackermann Albert Gmbh Co Terminal block for electrical installations
DE19510173C1 (en) * 1995-03-21 1996-04-18 Kostal Leopold Gmbh & Co Kg Screwless electrical conductor terminal clamp
EP0735629A1 (en) * 1995-03-29 1996-10-02 Entrelec Sa Arrangement for the connection of electrical wire conductors and especially connection module equipped with such an arrangement
DE19512371A1 (en) * 1995-04-01 1996-10-02 Abb Patent Gmbh Screwless electrical terminal for line- or earth-fault protection switch

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2007107332A1 (en) * 2006-03-20 2007-09-27 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Connection element and method for connecting two switching devices, switching device and electrical distribution system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN1230296A (en) 1999-09-29
EP0937316B1 (en) 2001-01-10
CN1103127C (en) 2003-03-12
EP0937316A1 (en) 1999-08-25

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