WO1998059123A1 - Building systems and building components - Google Patents
Building systems and building components Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1998059123A1 WO1998059123A1 PCT/GB1998/001828 GB9801828W WO9859123A1 WO 1998059123 A1 WO1998059123 A1 WO 1998059123A1 GB 9801828 W GB9801828 W GB 9801828W WO 9859123 A1 WO9859123 A1 WO 9859123A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- pipes
- building
- elements
- settable material
- pipe
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
- E04C3/30—Columns; Pillars; Struts
- E04C3/34—Columns; Pillars; Struts of concrete other stone-like material, with or without permanent form elements, with or without internal or external reinforcement, e.g. metal coverings
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/16—Structures made from masses, e.g. of concrete, cast or similarly formed in situ with or without making use of additional elements, such as permanent forms, substructures to be coated with load-bearing material
- E04B1/165—Structures made from masses, e.g. of concrete, cast or similarly formed in situ with or without making use of additional elements, such as permanent forms, substructures to be coated with load-bearing material with elongated load-supporting parts, cast in situ
Definitions
- This invention relates to building systems and building components and one aspect thereof is concerned with the provision of an improved form of building system which includes the erection of a framework to which cladding can be attached.
- the method of building described in Specification No. 2 203 477 includes erecting a frame of elongated tubular elements, such as plastic pipes, interconnected by junction pieces, attaching sheets of a non-metallic reinforcement material to the frame, assembling a mould around the frame and attached sheets, and pouring a settable material, e.g. light-weight concrete, into the mould.
- a method of making a building which includes walls and a roof, the method including erecting a frame of elongated tubular elements interconnected in such manner that the interiors of the tubular elements communicate with one another, the frame comprising some vertical elements and some elements which are inclined to the vertical, introducing a settable material into the interiors of the tubular elements so as to fill them with the settable material, allowing the settable material to set, and attaching cladding to said filled tubular elements.
- the tubular elements are preferably in the form of plastic pipes, for example, pvc pipes, into which screws and other fasteners can readily be driven for attachment of both internal and external cladding to the filled pipes.
- the plastic pipes preferably contain longitudinally extending steel reinforcement elements.
- the plastic pipes may be in the form of outer pipes which contain smaller diameter concentric inner plastic pipes which are held in position within the outer pipes by means of clips which also serve to hold the steel reinforcement elements in the required positions.
- the settable material will accordingly be introduced into a space which is of annular form in cross-section such that the building components formed in this way comprise inner and outer plastic pipes and a set load-carrying material of annular form in cross-section, which load-carrying material contains longitudinally extending metallic reinforcement elements.
- the settable material may be a foamed polyurethane having those physical characteristics which are such, in conjunction with the reinforcement elements, to provide the required load-bearing and other strength characteristics for the building structure.
- the settable material may alternatively be concrete, particularly lightweight concrete, which also has the physical characteristics which are such, in conjunction with the reinforcement elements, to provide the required load-bearing and other strength characteristics for the building structure.
- a building component or structural element comprising concentric inner and outer plastic pipes, a set load-bearing material in the space between the inner and outer plastic pipes and longitudinally extending metallic reinforcement elements embedded in the set material.
- a method of producing a building component or structural element comprising providing concentric inner and outer plastic pipes, providing longitudinally extending metallic reinforcement elements in the space between the two pipes, introducing a settable material into the space between the two pipes, and allowing the settable material to set.
- the method can be used to make telegraph poles, lamp posts, fence posts and flag poles. It can also be used in the construction of turbines, in bridge building, and boat and ship building. It can furthermore be used in the production of farm buildings, such as cow sheds and silos, where it is important that structural steel components are not exposed to the corrosive liquids which can be encountered.
- the method is also applicable to the construction of offices, warehouses, temporary and permanent dwellings, as well as oil rigs and playground equipment and in the erection of tunnelling components and shoring.
- Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of a building component or structural element
- Figure 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of the building component of Figure 1 ,
- Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of an alternative form of building component
- Figure 4 shows one form of junction piece
- Figure 5 is a sectional view along the line A - A of Figure 4.
- Figures 1 and 2 show a building component or structural element which includes an outer plastic pipe 10, typically a pN.c. pipe, and an inner plastic pipe 11 , again typically a pN.c. pipe, with the inner plastic pipe 11 supported within the outer plastic pipe 10, so as to be concentric therewith, by means of a plurality of clips 12 which also serve to position four stainless steel longitudinally extending reinforcement elements 13 in the space between the inner and outer pipes 11 and 10.
- an outer plastic pipe 10 typically a pN.c. pipe
- an inner plastic pipe 11 again typically a pN.c. pipe
- FIG. 3 A similar arrangement is shown in Figure 3, while Figures 4 and 5, to which detailed reference will be made below, show a junction piece which can be used to connect together a number of building components or structural elements.
- Each location member can comprise a base plate, a peripheral upstanding wall extending around the base plate, and a pair of channel-section support elements extending upwardly from the base plate.
- the configurations of the two support elements are such that, when a pipe assembly as shown in Figures 1 and 2 is placed on the base plate, the support elements will fit in the annular space between the outer pipe 10 and the inner pipe 11 without interfering with the reinforcement elements 13.
- a frame will be produced consisting of a plurality of appropriately positioned vertical pipe assemblies, horizontal pipe assemblies interconnecting the upper ends of the vertical assemblies and a plurality of inclined members providing the support structure for the roof of the building.
- the interiors of the pipe assemblies i.e. the annular cross-section spaces between the inner and outer pipes 11 and 10, communicate with one another and, once the frame has been assembled, the interiors of the pipe assemblies are filled with a settable material, such as a light-weight concrete or a foamed polyurethane.
- internal and external cladding (not shown) will be attached to the frame components using screw-threaded fasteners which can be driven directly into the outer pipes 10. Insulation can be located between the internal and external cladding, as appropriate, and it will be appreciated that, for some buildings, only external cladding will be required. Doors, windows and other fitments are then connected, as appropriate, to the filled vertical pipes, again by means of bolts or screws which are driven directly into the outer pipes.
- the plastic pipes which are filled with concrete or polyurethane at the same time as the other parts of the frame, will be connected together, with diagonal bracing tubes in the gable walls, to provide the required strength characteristics.
- Horizontally extending timbers or metal or plastic cladding will be connected to the inclined plastic pipes, after they have been filled with a settable material, such as a light-weight concrete or a foamed polyurethane, and the material has set.
- Runner boards, felt, laths and slates (as appropriate) will then be fixed in position.
- junction piece 20 shown in Figures 4 and 5 is a metal junction piece for use in connecting a vertical pipe assembly to an inclined pipe assembly forming part of the roof structure and, at the same time, connecting either one or two horizontal pipe assemblies to the vertical pipe assembly.
- the junction piece 20 comprises a vertical cylindrical portion 21 which has an inclined upper edge which is welded to the lower edge of an inclined cylindrical portion 22.
- a pair of channel-section supports 23 are contained within and are longer than the vertical cylindrical portion 21
- a pair of channel-section supports 24 are contained within and are longer than the inclined cylindrical portion 22.
- the junction piece 20 also includes a facility for connecting horizontal pipe assemblies to the vertical pipe assembly.
- This facility takes the form of a horizontal cylindrical portion 27 welded to each side of the vertical cylindrical portion 21 and a mild steel bracket 28 contained within the cylindrical portion 27.
- the two brackets 28 project from the vertical cylindrical portion 21 on either side thereof and are interconnected by a through bolt 29.
- the two horizontal pipe assemblies are aligned with the two cylindrical portions 27 and fixed in position, as described above, so that the interiors of the horizontal pipe assemblies communicate with the interiors of the vertical and inclined pipe assemblies ready to be filled with the settable material, e.g. either a foamed polyurethane or a light-weight concrete.
- Tests have been carried out to determine the strength characteristics of pN.c. pipes filled with foamed polyurethane.
- the pipes were as shown in Figures 1 and 2, with dimensions as follows:- a) wall thickness of inner pipe 11 - 2 mm., b) inside diameter of inner pipe 11 - 65 mm., c) wall thickness of outer pipe 10 - 4.8 mm., d) inside diameter of outer pipe 10 - 150 mm., e) diameter of steel reinforcements 13 - 6 mm., f) spacing between adjacent steel reinforcements 13 - 83 mm.
- the initial composite stiffness (El) value of the pipe was 56 X 10 6 kNmm 2 .
- the compressive strength of the pipe was 9 N/mm 2 and the compression modulus of elasticity was 203 N/mm 2 .
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Rod-Shaped Construction Members (AREA)
Abstract
In producing a building which includes walls and a roof, a frame is erected which includes a plurality of interconnected elongated tubular elements, some of which are vertical and some of which are inclined to the vertical. The interiors of the tubular elements communicate with one another and a settable material, such as a foamed polyurethane or concrete, is introduced into the interiors of the tubular elements so as to fill them. When the settable material has set, cladding is then attached to the tubular elements.
Description
BUILDING SYSTEMS AND BUILDING COMPONENTS
Field of the Invention
This invention relates to building systems and building components and one aspect thereof is concerned with the provision of an improved form of building system which includes the erection of a framework to which cladding can be attached.
A number of proposals have been made for the improvement of building systems, one such proposal being described on British Patent Specification No. 2 203 477, to which reference should be made. The method of building described in Specification No. 2 203 477 includes erecting a frame of elongated tubular elements, such as plastic pipes, interconnected by junction pieces, attaching sheets of a non-metallic reinforcement material to the frame, assembling a mould around the frame and attached sheets, and pouring a settable material, e.g. light-weight concrete, into the mould.
It is an object of the present invention to provide an improved method of making a building which avoids the requirement for making a separate mould into which the settable material is introduced.
It is also an object of the present invention to provide an improved form of building component or structural element.
Summary of the Invention
According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of making a building which includes walls and a roof, the method including erecting a frame of elongated tubular elements interconnected in such manner that the interiors of the tubular elements communicate with one another, the frame comprising some vertical elements and some elements which are inclined to the vertical, introducing a settable material into the interiors of the tubular elements so as to fill them with the settable material, allowing the settable material to set, and attaching cladding to said filled tubular elements.
The tubular elements are preferably in the form of plastic pipes, for example, pvc pipes, into which screws and other fasteners can readily be driven for attachment of both internal and external cladding to the filled pipes. The plastic pipes preferably contain longitudinally extending steel reinforcement elements. The plastic pipes may be in the form of outer pipes which contain smaller diameter concentric inner plastic pipes which are held in position within the outer pipes by means of clips which also serve to hold the steel reinforcement elements in the required positions.
The settable material will accordingly be introduced into a space which is of annular form in cross-section such that the
building components formed in this way comprise inner and outer plastic pipes and a set load-carrying material of annular form in cross-section, which load-carrying material contains longitudinally extending metallic reinforcement elements.
The settable material may be a foamed polyurethane having those physical characteristics which are such, in conjunction with the reinforcement elements, to provide the required load-bearing and other strength characteristics for the building structure. The settable material may alternatively be concrete, particularly lightweight concrete, which also has the physical characteristics which are such, in conjunction with the reinforcement elements, to provide the required load-bearing and other strength characteristics for the building structure.
According to a second aspect of the present invention there is provided a building component or structural element comprising concentric inner and outer plastic pipes, a set load-bearing material in the space between the inner and outer plastic pipes and longitudinally extending metallic reinforcement elements embedded in the set material.
According to a third aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of producing a building component or structural element, said method comprising providing concentric inner and outer plastic pipes, providing longitudinally extending metallic reinforcement elements in the space between the two pipes,
introducing a settable material into the space between the two pipes, and allowing the settable material to set.
The method can be used to make telegraph poles, lamp posts, fence posts and flag poles. It can also be used in the construction of turbines, in bridge building, and boat and ship building. It can furthermore be used in the production of farm buildings, such as cow sheds and silos, where it is important that structural steel components are not exposed to the corrosive liquids which can be encountered. The method is also applicable to the construction of offices, warehouses, temporary and permanent dwellings, as well as oil rigs and playground equipment and in the erection of tunnelling components and shoring.
Brief Description of the Drawings
Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of a building component or structural element,
Figure 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of the building component of Figure 1 ,
Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of an alternative form of building component,
Figure 4 shows one form of junction piece, and
Figure 5 is a sectional view along the line A - A of Figure 4.
Description of the Preferred Embodiment
Figures 1 and 2 show a building component or structural element which includes an outer plastic pipe 10, typically a pN.c. pipe, and an inner plastic pipe 11 , again typically a pN.c. pipe, with the inner plastic pipe 11 supported within the outer plastic pipe 10, so as to be concentric therewith, by means of a plurality of clips 12 which also serve to position four stainless steel longitudinally extending reinforcement elements 13 in the space between the inner and outer pipes 11 and 10.
A similar arrangement is shown in Figure 3, while Figures 4 and 5, to which detailed reference will be made below, show a junction piece which can be used to connect together a number of building components or structural elements.
In erecting a single-storey building, for example, a farm shed, a concrete foundation will be laid and this will incorporate location members on to which vertical pipe assemblies can be placed. Each location member (not shown) can comprise a base plate, a peripheral upstanding wall extending around the base plate, and a pair of channel-section support elements extending upwardly from the base plate. The configurations of the two support elements are such that, when a pipe assembly as shown in Figures 1 and 2 is placed on the base plate, the support elements will fit in the annular
space between the outer pipe 10 and the inner pipe 11 without interfering with the reinforcement elements 13.
A frame will be produced consisting of a plurality of appropriately positioned vertical pipe assemblies, horizontal pipe assemblies interconnecting the upper ends of the vertical assemblies and a plurality of inclined members providing the support structure for the roof of the building. The interiors of the pipe assemblies, i.e. the annular cross-section spaces between the inner and outer pipes 11 and 10, communicate with one another and, once the frame has been assembled, the interiors of the pipe assemblies are filled with a settable material, such as a light-weight concrete or a foamed polyurethane.
Once the concrete or polyurethane has set, internal and external cladding (not shown) will be attached to the frame components using screw-threaded fasteners which can be driven directly into the outer pipes 10. Insulation can be located between the internal and external cladding, as appropriate, and it will be appreciated that, for some buildings, only external cladding will be required. Doors, windows and other fitments are then connected, as appropriate, to the filled vertical pipes, again by means of bolts or screws which are driven directly into the outer pipes.
For the roof, the plastic pipes, which are filled with concrete or polyurethane at the same time as the other parts of the frame, will be connected together, with diagonal bracing tubes in the gable walls, to provide the required strength characteristics. Horizontally
extending timbers or metal or plastic cladding will be connected to the inclined plastic pipes, after they have been filled with a settable material, such as a light-weight concrete or a foamed polyurethane, and the material has set. Runner boards, felt, laths and slates (as appropriate) will then be fixed in position.
If plastic cladding is employed, a construction can be obtained in which substantially no metallic components are exposed to the corrosive fluids which can be encountered in agriculture. Farm sheds and the like can thus be produced rapidly and economically while having a life expectancy greater than farm buildings of conventional construction.
The particular form of junction piece 20 shown in Figures 4 and 5 is a metal junction piece for use in connecting a vertical pipe assembly to an inclined pipe assembly forming part of the roof structure and, at the same time, connecting either one or two horizontal pipe assemblies to the vertical pipe assembly.
The junction piece 20 comprises a vertical cylindrical portion 21 which has an inclined upper edge which is welded to the lower edge of an inclined cylindrical portion 22. A pair of channel-section supports 23 are contained within and are longer than the vertical cylindrical portion 21 , while a pair of channel-section supports 24 are contained within and are longer than the inclined cylindrical portion 22. When a pair of pipe assemblies are connected by the junction piece 20, the junction piece will be placed on top of the vertical pipe assembly such that the lower edge 25 of the vertical
cylindrical portion rests on the upper edge of the outer pipe 10 of the vertical pipe assembly and the lower portions of the channel- section supports 23 will enter the annular space between the outer pipe 10 and the inner pipe 11 of the vertical pipe assembly without interfering with the reinforcement elements 13 in said annular space. A clip (not shown) will then be used to hold the two parts together.
The lower end of an inclined pipe assembly (forming part of the roof of the building) will then be engaged with the inclined cylindrical portion 22 so that the lower edge of the outer pipe 10 of the inclined pipe assembly abuts the edge 26 of the inclined cylindrical portion 22 and so that the channel-section supports 24 enter the annular space between the outer pipe 10 and the inner pipe 11 of the inclined pipe assembly. A clip (not shown) will then be used to hold the two parts together.
The junction piece 20 also includes a facility for connecting horizontal pipe assemblies to the vertical pipe assembly. This facility takes the form of a horizontal cylindrical portion 27 welded to each side of the vertical cylindrical portion 21 and a mild steel bracket 28 contained within the cylindrical portion 27. The two brackets 28 project from the vertical cylindrical portion 21 on either side thereof and are interconnected by a through bolt 29. The two horizontal pipe assemblies are aligned with the two cylindrical portions 27 and fixed in position, as described above, so that the interiors of the horizontal pipe assemblies communicate with the interiors of the vertical and inclined pipe assemblies ready to be
filled with the settable material, e.g. either a foamed polyurethane or a light-weight concrete.
Tests have been carried out to determine the strength characteristics of pN.c. pipes filled with foamed polyurethane. The pipes were as shown in Figures 1 and 2, with dimensions as follows:- a) wall thickness of inner pipe 11 - 2 mm., b) inside diameter of inner pipe 11 - 65 mm., c) wall thickness of outer pipe 10 - 4.8 mm., d) inside diameter of outer pipe 10 - 150 mm., e) diameter of steel reinforcements 13 - 6 mm., f) spacing between adjacent steel reinforcements 13 - 83 mm.
The initial composite stiffness (El) value of the pipe was 56 X 106 kNmm2. The compressive strength of the pipe was 9 N/mm2 and the compression modulus of elasticity was 203 N/mm2.
These figures thus show that the filled pipe assembly has characteristics comparable with, for example, typical timber sections.
Claims
1. A method of making a building which includes walls and a roof, the method including erecting a frame of elongated tubular elements interconnected in such manner that the interiors of the tubular elements communicate with one another, the frame comprising some vertical elements and some elements which are inclined to the vertical, introducing a settable material into the interiors of the tubular elements so as to fill them with the settable material, allowing the settable material to set, and attaching cladding to said filled tubular elements.
2. A method as claimed in Claim 1 , in which the tubular elements which are employed are in the form of plastic pipes into which screws and other fasteners can be driven for attachment of both internal and external cladding to the filled pipes.
3. A method as claimed in Claim 2, which includes providing longitudinally extending steel reinforcement elements within the plastic pipes.
4. A method as claimed in Claim 3, in which the plastic pipes which are used are in the form of outer pipes which contain smaller diameter concentric inner plastic pipes which are held in position within the outer pipes by means of clips which also serve to hold the steel reinforcement elements in the required positions.
5. A method as claimed in any one of the preceding claims in which the settable material is a foamed polyurethane.
6. A method as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 4, in which the settable material is concrete.
7. A building produced by the method claimed in any one of the preceding claims.
8. A building component or structural element comprising concentric inner and outer plastic pipes, a set load-bearing material in the space between the inner and outer plastic pipes and longitudinally extending metallic reinforcement elements embedded in the set material.
9. A building component or structural element as claimed in Claim 8, in which the inner plastic pipe is positioned within the outer plastic pipe by means of clips which serve to locate the metallic reinforcement elements.
10. A building which includes a plurality of components as claimed in Claim 8 or Claim 9.
11. A method of producing a building component or structural element, said method comprising providing concentric inner and outer plastic pipes, providing longitudinally extending metallic reinforcement elements in the space between the two pipes, introducing a settable material into the space between the two pipes, and allowing the settable material to set.
12. A method as claimed in Claim 11 , in which the inner plastic pipe is positioned within the outer plastic pipe by means of clips which also serve to locate the reinforcement elements.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9903720A GB2331114A (en) | 1997-06-20 | 1998-06-22 | Building systems and building components |
| AU81199/98A AU8119998A (en) | 1997-06-20 | 1998-06-22 | Building systems and building components |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GBGB9712903.5A GB9712903D0 (en) | 1997-06-20 | 1997-06-20 | Building systems |
| GB9712903.5 | 1997-06-20 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1998059123A1 true WO1998059123A1 (en) | 1998-12-30 |
Family
ID=10814549
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/GB1998/001828 Ceased WO1998059123A1 (en) | 1997-06-20 | 1998-06-22 | Building systems and building components |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU8119998A (en) |
| GB (1) | GB9712903D0 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1998059123A1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102352653A (en) * | 2011-08-10 | 2012-02-15 | 邱成飞 | Composite filled beam column |
| CN102352653B (en) * | 2011-08-10 | 2016-12-14 | 邱成飞 | A kind of composite filled beam column |
| CN109339339A (en) * | 2018-12-03 | 2019-02-15 | 长江大学 | A kind of composite concrete coupled column |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR607265A (en) * | 1925-03-11 | 1926-06-29 | Frame in centrifugal elements | |
| CH338293A (en) * | 1957-07-01 | 1959-05-15 | Fischer Max | Mast |
| FR1603060A (en) * | 1967-08-26 | 1971-03-15 | Cored profiled building panelsand beams | |
| DE3242161A1 (en) * | 1982-11-13 | 1984-05-17 | Hans 8100 Garmisch-Partenkirchen Langmatz | Maintenance-free plastic post for lamps, traffic lights, traffic signs and the like |
| GB2203477A (en) | 1987-04-13 | 1988-10-19 | Gary Kenneth Busch | Concrete building construction |
| US5351847A (en) * | 1992-11-04 | 1994-10-04 | George Greenbaum | Solamar potable water system |
-
1997
- 1997-06-20 GB GBGB9712903.5A patent/GB9712903D0/en active Pending
-
1998
- 1998-06-22 AU AU81199/98A patent/AU8119998A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-06-22 WO PCT/GB1998/001828 patent/WO1998059123A1/en not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR607265A (en) * | 1925-03-11 | 1926-06-29 | Frame in centrifugal elements | |
| CH338293A (en) * | 1957-07-01 | 1959-05-15 | Fischer Max | Mast |
| FR1603060A (en) * | 1967-08-26 | 1971-03-15 | Cored profiled building panelsand beams | |
| DE3242161A1 (en) * | 1982-11-13 | 1984-05-17 | Hans 8100 Garmisch-Partenkirchen Langmatz | Maintenance-free plastic post for lamps, traffic lights, traffic signs and the like |
| GB2203477A (en) | 1987-04-13 | 1988-10-19 | Gary Kenneth Busch | Concrete building construction |
| US5351847A (en) * | 1992-11-04 | 1994-10-04 | George Greenbaum | Solamar potable water system |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102352653A (en) * | 2011-08-10 | 2012-02-15 | 邱成飞 | Composite filled beam column |
| CN102352653B (en) * | 2011-08-10 | 2016-12-14 | 邱成飞 | A kind of composite filled beam column |
| CN109339339A (en) * | 2018-12-03 | 2019-02-15 | 长江大学 | A kind of composite concrete coupled column |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB9712903D0 (en) | 1997-08-20 |
| AU8119998A (en) | 1999-01-04 |
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