WO1998051422A1 - Microencapsulation of dangerous organic contaminants into a soil matrix - Google Patents
Microencapsulation of dangerous organic contaminants into a soil matrix Download PDFInfo
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- WO1998051422A1 WO1998051422A1 PCT/MX1998/000017 MX9800017W WO9851422A1 WO 1998051422 A1 WO1998051422 A1 WO 1998051422A1 MX 9800017 W MX9800017 W MX 9800017W WO 9851422 A1 WO9851422 A1 WO 9851422A1
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- silicate
- soil
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- hydrocarbon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
- C09K3/32—Materials not provided for elsewhere for absorbing liquids to remove pollution, e.g. oil, gasoline, fat
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/08—Reclamation of contaminated soil chemically
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a chemical process for the microencapsulation of hazardous organic pollutants, such as hydrocarbons and very particularly to a method of producing the microencapsulating agents or compositions and a method for the use of the agents or compositions mentioned, for the soil and similar sanitation, contaminated with organic materials.
- Surfactants and emulsifiers have been used in environmental sanitation either to increase the coefficient of biological degradation or to emulsify and remove contaminants from soil systems such as in a soil washing process. Surfactants and dispersants have also been widely used in the treatment of oil spill on water.
- Silica and silicates have also been widely used for sanitation of pollution problems.
- Silica in various forms generally as silica in the form of a very fine powder, has been used for the recovery or treatment of oil spilled on water by means of a simple oil absorption.
- Silicates have been used in many solidification processes to improve the physical characteristics of solidification in the same way they are used in many procedures for the production of specialized cements. In general, most of these silicates related to solidification processes are for the solidification of contaminant residues with heavy metals and have little application in the treatment of materials with hydrocarbons.
- Noonan and McDowell do not prevent the use of neutral or near neutral reagents, instead the procedure is entirely based on the acid-base reaction.
- the examples shown by Noonan and McDowell essentially show that a 1: 1: 1 ratio of emulsifier: silicate: hydrocarbon is necessary for proper treatment.
- a soil contaminated with 10% hydrocarbon would require a total of 20% chemical additives, based on the weight of the soil. In economic terms, this limits the usefulness of this procedure to materials with 1% contamination or less.
- earth metals for example calcium
- silicates in the cement industry
- Piepho in US Patent No. 4,415,467, discloses a method of absorbing oily contaminants in wastewater using coagulant, bentonite clay, lime and calcium aluminosilicate. Piepho specifically states that the calcium aluminosilicate in its disclosure is intended only for pozzolanic reactions.
- the development of the present invention is directed to a novel method of encapsulation of emulsifiable contaminants such as hydrocarbons found in industrial process floor systems.
- the method uses a novel surfactant for the environmental industry, for the desorption and emulsification of the contaminant followed by the addition of a silicate solution.
- the silicate solution in turn reacts with the alkaline earth portion of the surfactant to precipitate the silica in turn forming an encapsulating shell surrounding the desorbed and emulsified material.
- silica can be precipitated from silicate solutions by acidification or neutralization of the silicate solution. It is also known that simple solutions of alkaline earth metal salts such as calcium chloride can catalyze the precipitation of silica from silicate solutions.
- the present invention uses the previously mentioned method, the precipitation of silicate by means of the addition of a compound of an alkaline earth metal, however, in a unique method. Instead of using a simple salt of an alkaline earth metal, it has been found that several surfactants containing a functional group of an alkaline earth metal are also capable of catalysis of the silica from the silicate solution.
- the present method first provides for the reaction of an acidic surfactant with an alkaline earth hydroxide or other salts taken from magnesium, calcium, strontium or barium or reaction of a surfactant capable of being combined with a salt of an alkaline earth metal.
- the base surfactant for example only, can be anionic surfactants such as phosphate esters, sulfonates, sulfosuccinate, sulfosuccinamates or simple fatty acids such as lauric, oleic or palmitic acid.
- the reaction of these two materials produces a neutral surfactant that has emulsifying properties as well as containing a functional group of an alkaline earth metal.
- This reaction product or preferably a solution of the reacting product is added to the contaminated material containing an emulsifiable contaminant.
- the reaction product solution and the contaminated soil are then intimately mixed to produce an emulsion of the emulsifiable contaminant.
- a cover known as a mycelial formation.
- the actual size of this mycelium depends on the effectiveness of the emulsifier, but is generally in the range of 10 microns to 100 microns in diameter.
- the actual surfactant used in the reaction product and the amount of reaction product used to emulsify any particular material will depend on both the type of emulsifiable pollutant and the concentration of said contaminant in the soil or residual matrix as well as the physical characteristics. and chemicals from the host soil or residual material.
- the amount of intimate mixing required and the type of mixing required will depend on both contamination and soil or type of residual matrix.
- a solution of the silicate of a metal alkali is added to the mixture being mixed again.
- Silica in turn forms one.
- the size of this microencapsulated particles is one of the advantages and one of the differences of the present invention over the previously cited patent of Noonan and McDowell.
- the average size of the resulting material was claimed to be 2 to 4 microns or less which counts for the large amounts of material required to effectively treat any contaminated material with more than 1% contamination.
- a balloon weighing only a few grams can contain several hundred grams of water, the larger the size of the balloon, the more water it can hold.
- the present invention can encapsulate almost one hundred times more hydrocarbon for an essentially equivalent product weight than the examples previously cited by Noonan and McDowell.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a process and the materials required to produce a microencapsulation of certain environmental pollutants. Said process can be applied to a variety of contaminants in a variety of soil or mud matrices or residues to produce a microencapsulated material resistant to environmental degradation.
- Another objective of this invention is to provide this microencapsulation through the use of the product of reaction of surfactants and earth metals such as calcium or magnesium, hereinafter referred to as “the catalyst solution” and then reacting said material with a silicate solution of a metal alkali, hereinafter referred to as the “encapsulating solution "to form a silica cover surrounding pollutants.
- Figure 1 shows a graph of the life period of the microencapsulated material.
- the method of the present invention involves the use of a catalyst solution; surfactant system with an alkaline earth metal, in a reaction with an encapsulating solution: silicate solution of a metal alkali to produce a system for microencapsulation of emulsifiable organic pollutants.
- the method can be used for sanitation or treatment of soils contaminated with organic compounds such as hydrocarbons and more particularly soils contaminated with gasoline, diesel fuel, residual oils, crude oil and the like.
- the method can also be used for the treatment of process residues such as tank sediments or sludges related to hydrocarbons from the oil refining industry or drilling sludges from oil production.
- the surfactant used in the first part of the reaction with the alkaline earth metal is selected from the group of acidic surfactants, esters surfactants, di-ester surfactants or fatty acids This may be,. for example, an ester such as sodium sulfosuccinate coconut diethanolamide ester, an acidic surfactant such as dodecibencenesulfonic acid, a simple fatty acid such as lauric acid, a common intermediate surfactant such as lauryl sulfate or one of the many esters of acid phosphate.
- an ester such as sodium sulfosuccinate coconut diethanolamide ester
- an acidic surfactant such as dodecibencenesulfonic acid
- a simple fatty acid such as lauric acid
- a common intermediate surfactant such as lauryl sulfate or one of the many esters of acid phosphate.
- the alkaline earth metal reactant is selected from group II of metals consisting of beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium and barium.
- the cationic portion of the alkaline earth metal is alkaline, such as, for example, carbonate or hydroxide.
- a non-ionic, acid-free phosphate surfactant such as Alkaphos QS, marketed by the Rhone Poulenc Division of Surfactants and Specialties, 150 grams of water were added by mixing this to form a clear solution.
- a non-ionic, acid-free phosphate surfactant such as Alkaphos QS, marketed by the Rhone Poulenc Division of Surfactants and Specialties.
- 19.5 grams of calcium hydroxide, Ca (OH) 2 was added with vigorous mixing for a period of two hours. The temperature was maintained at 60 ° C during mixing. At the end of mixing, the sample was allowed to cool vigorously for 30 minutes to solubilize any material that did not react. This was filtered for a second time to provide a final dry weight of approximately 92.6 grams of product.
- the filter residue, the calcium salt of the non-ionic phosphate surfactant was an essentially white water-insoluble material with an alkaline pH of 9.64.
- This reaction product could be dispersed within a water system through the use of additional surfactants as described below in the best intended composition.
- composition A better composition intended for dispersion of this material has the following composition:
- the pH of the best predicted composition above varies between 9.3 and 9.8, a slightly alkaline solution.
- Another better intended method of the present invention uses Magnesium as the anion of the alkaline earth metal.
- the preparation of the surfactant-magnesium agent reaction product can be carried out as follows: To 100 grams of dialkiphenoxy poly (oxyethylene) acid phosphate, 200 grams of water are added. This is mixed to form a clear solution and the temperature is raised to 70 ° C. To this solution, 16.7 grams of magnesium hydroxide, Mg (OH) 2, are added slowly over a period of 4 hours, with vigorous stirring, while maintaining the necessary temperature. The solution is allowed to cool, and the precipitate is filtered. The filtered precipitate is placed back in 300 grams of water, and vigorously stirred for 30 minutes to solubilize any unreacted material.
- the magnesium salt of the cyalkylphenoxy poly (oxyethylene) acid phosphate was a waxy white solid material with an alkaline pH of 8.43. Similar to the calcium reaction product described above, the magnesium reaction product can be dispersed in water through the use of additional surfactants.
- a better intended composition for the dispersion of the magnesium salt product of the reaction is as follows: Magnesium salt as reaction product 14.8 n- (1,2-dicarboxyethyl) -n-octadecylsulfosuccinamate Tetrasodium 9.2
- the pH of the best predicted composition above varies between 8.1 and 8.8, less alkaline than the best predicted composition previously described, however it is still an alkaline solution.
- compositions previously envisaged should be manufactured in heated containers, equipped with high mixing intensity, such as a Cowles Dissolver.
- high mixing intensity such as a Cowles Dissolver.
- the silicate solution that is used as the reagent with the now dispersed or solubilized surfactant catalyst solution with an alkaline earth metal is taken from the group of alkali metal silicates. They can be sodium or potassium silicates, metasilicates and orthosilicates. Commercially available silicates can be found in a wide range of silica-alkali ratios. For example, sodium silicate is commercially available in weight ratios of SIO2: Na2 ⁇ from 1: 1.60 or higher as l: 3.85. While silicates of all silica-alkali ratios may find applicability in the present invention, those silicates of lower alkalinity and higher ratios will result in a more acceptable final pH product for environmental uses.
- the silicate solution can be modified to improve its effectiveness in the actual microencapsulation of hydrocarbon contaminants.
- One such modification is the addition of a surfactant to reduce surface tension and improve the wetting of the silicate solution when added to a soil contaminated matrix.
- Simple modifications to the silicate solution such as dilution with water for a real concentration of use, pH adjustment, addition of viscosity promoters or the use of different concentrations of surfactant or different surfactants are anticipated by the present relationship and They are determined by the actual physical and chemical characteristics of the residual material being treated.
- a better composition intended for the manufacture of the silicate solution is as follows:
- E1 sodium silicate used in the best expected composition above has the following specifications: Average weight ratio of SIO2.: Na2Ü 1.33, pH of a solution is 1% water weight / weight 10.55, total solids 33.4-
- the manufacture of the above composition is a simple mixing operation, with the materials added and mixed in the order listed.
- the best previously envisaged encapsulation solution composition provides a final product with a pH of about 10.2 by rapidly reacting with the alkaline catalyst solution previously described to precipitate the silica surrounding the emulsified hydrocarbon and providing an impermeable microencapsulation of the hydrocarbon.
- results of this analysis on sand contaminated with diesel fuel show an average concentration of hydrocarbons before treatment of 18,640 mg / kg as diesel fuel.
- Actual treatment of the sample contaminated with diesel fuel required a horizontal mixer such as a propeller belt mixer or the like.
- the reaction between the catalyst solution and the solution Encapsulant is very fast, so to ensure a distribution of the reaction, all the material that is being treated or substantially all the material that is being treated has to be exposed to the microencapsulation solution.
- the most effective method to ensure that substantially all of the material is in contact with the encapsulating solution is the spray application through the surface, while mixing, at a high speed in a horizontal mixer to produce material movement. from the bottom to the top.
- the actual mixing speed will depend on the type of horizontal mixer used and the size of the mixing blades or blades, however sufficient mixing speed is needed to effectively break or reduce the size of large lumps of soil or residue to a mass of relatively homogeneous particles that are on average less than 0.5 inches in diameter.
- the mixing speed must be sufficient to stir the entire mass of solids contained within the mixer in less than one minute.
- a 500 gram aliquot of sand contaminated with diesel fuel was placed in the mixer and this material was mixed for two minutes for homogenization.
- 2.0 ml of a sample of the first best expected composition of the catalyst solution was diluted to 10 ml with water.
- the mixer was started and the diluted catalyst solution was atomized on the surface of the material for a period of one minute. After an additional two minutes of mixing to ensure the contact of the catalyst solution with all the material contaminated with diesel fuel.
- 3.0 ml of a sample of the best expected composition of the encapsulating solution was diluted to 10 ml with water.
- the mixer was started again and the encapsulating solution was slowly atomized on the surface of the material for a period of 4 minutes Mixing for two. additional minutes to ensure complete contact of all the encapsulating solution with the entire solution 'catalyst.
- Two composite samples were taken for analysis for the determination of residual diesel fuel, the remaining treated material being cooled.
- the results of the analysis for the determination of diesel fuel showed an average content of 832 mg / kg after treatment, a reduction of 95.5% based on the initial content of 18,640 mg / kg of diesel fuel in the contaminated material.
- the material after the treatment had an appearance essentially identical to the material before the treatment, that is, it was essentially a sandy material without a detectable odor of hydrocarbon.
- silt soil was contaminated with SAE 30 commercial engine oil.
- a 1 kg sample of silt-free hydrocarbon soil was placed in a Hobart mixer and mixed for 10 minutes to remove lumps Next, 40 grams of motor oil were slowly added while the mixer was still running, mixing this material for 30 minutes. Two composite samples were taken to determine the level of contamination, cooling the remaining material. Analysis of the samples for the determination of hydrocarbons in the engine oil range showed an average concentration before treatment of 34,120 mg / kg.
- a 500 gram sample of the above contaminated material was placed in the laboratory mixer, helix tape type and the mixer was run for two minutes for homogenization. 3 ml were diluted. of the second best expected composition of the catalyst solution at 10 ml with water. This solution was slowly atomized for a period of 4 minutes on the surface of the contaminated material while the. Mixer continued mixing. This material was mixed for an additional three minutes to ensure complete contact. They were diluted 6 ml. of the best encapsulant solution planned at 15 mi. with water. This solution was slowly atomized over a period of five minutes on the surface of the material. The final treated material was mixed for another 4 minutes to ensure complete contact of the encapsulant solution with the entire catalyst solution. Two complete samples of the treated material were taken for analysis, the remaining material was refrigerated.
- the analysis of the treated material showed an average concentration of 1,684 mg / kg of hydrocarbon in the engine oil range. Meaning a reduction of 95.06% in the level of hydrocarbon from the initial untreated sample.
- the treated material did not change in appearance and after treatment it was still a friable silt soil, with no odor or perceptible hydrocarbon color. This is one of the obvious advantages of the present microencapsulation over the other normal encapsulation processes such as solidification or stabilization, since the physical characteristics are not changed thus allowing the treated material to be used for multiple purposes.
- a 500 gram sample of the clay soil contaminated with the crude oil was placed in a horizontal laboratory mixer and this material was mixed for 5 minutes to ensure homogenization of the sample.
- 7 ml were diluted.
- of the first catalyst solution composition provided at 20 ml with water. With the mixer in operation, this catalyst solution was atomized for a period of 6 minutes on the surface of the contaminated material, followed by an additional 4 minutes of mixing to ensure complete contact.
- 14 ml were diluted. of the best silicate solution provided with 14 ml of water and 0.10 grams of dioctyl sulphosuccinate sodium were added, mixing this until a clear solution was obtained.
- This diluted encapsulant solution was slowly sprayed onto the surface of the contaminated material for a period of 6 minutes, while the mixer was in operation. The treated material was mixed for another 6 minutes to ensure complete contact. Two samples of treated material were taken for analysis while the remaining material was refrigerated. - The results of these analyzes showed an average hydrocarbon content calculated as 1,334 mg / kg oil in the treated material. Even in these most difficult conditions, the process revealed evidenced a 97.9% reduction in pollution levels. The material treated by the revealed process was brown in color with a consistency similar to the soil soil without a detectable odor of hydrocarbon, compared to the sample of untreated contaminated material that was dark black, with a sticky consistency with a tendency to form lumps and with a distinctive odor of hydrocarbon.
- the revealed process is a microencapsulation process and not only an absorption process
- the following longevity evaluation of the materials treated by the revealed process was performed. Absorption as well as most solidification and stabilization processes are considered as temporary solutions in which contaminants will eventually leach into the environment over a period of months to several hundred years. Rather than demonstrating an improvement in the order of magnitude, it is clearly demonstrated that this is a real microencapsulation with the contaminant completely encapsulated within the silica and that the revealed microencapsulation method results in a permanent treatment process.
- Example 1 For the following experiments, the sample of the contaminated sand with diesel fuel prepared and treated in Example 1 was used. These analyzes were based on the US EPA Method 1320, Multiple Extraction Procedure (PEM). This test method is designed to simulate the leaching that a material would carry if it were exposed to repeated acid precipitation events. This test method consists of 10 sequential leaching events of 24 hours each, using the same sample throughout the process. In other words, the sample is subject to leaching by agitation in an acidified environment for a total of 240 hours. The results of each extraction are shown in table No. one.
- PEM Multiple Extraction Procedure
- the present invention provides an economical, effective and safe method of permanent microencapsulation of emulsifiable contaminants. It is also evident from the best described compositions described that these materials are safe to handle and use and are more acceptable environmental than the highly acidic or alkaline materials of the aforementioned Noonan and McDowell patent or the highly alkaline pozzolanic materials of the stabilization processes or solidification.
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Abstract
Description
MICROENCAPSULACION DE CONTAMINANTES ORGÁNICOS PELIGROSOS DENTRO DE UNA MATRIZ DE SUELO MICROENCAPSULATION OF HAZARDOUS ORGANIC POLLUTANTS WITHIN A SOIL MATRIX
CAMPO DE LA INVENCIÓNFIELD OF THE INVENTION
La presente invención se refiere a un procedimiento químico para la microencapsulación de contaminantes orgánicos peligrosos, tales como los hidrocarburos y muy particularmente a un método de producción de los agentes o composiciones microencapsuladores y a un procedimiento para la utilización de los agentes o composiciones mencionados, para el saneamiento de suelos y similares, contaminados con materiales orgánicos.The present invention relates to a chemical process for the microencapsulation of hazardous organic pollutants, such as hydrocarbons and very particularly to a method of producing the microencapsulating agents or compositions and a method for the use of the agents or compositions mentioned, for the soil and similar sanitation, contaminated with organic materials.
ANTECEDENTES DE LA INVENCIÓNBACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Los problemas de contaminación ambiental causados por compuestos orgánicos tales como los hidrocarburos son ahora bien conocidos . Mientras que los derrames de aceite en el mar o aguas protegidas reciben una extensa cobertura en los medios de comunicación, es bien sabido en el campo del saneamiento que más del 90% de la contaminación ambiental y los problemas resultantes de la contaminación ocurren en tierra. La fuga de contaminantes desde los tanques de almacenamiento subterráneos, los derrames de tuberías, los derrames de producción y la acumulación de materiales contaminados contribuyen todos a un enorme problema de contaminación.Environmental pollution problems caused by organic compounds such as hydrocarbons are now well known. While oil spills at sea or protected waters receive extensive coverage in the media, it is well known in the field of sanitation that more than 90% of environmental pollution and the problems resulting from pollution occur on land. Leaking contaminants from underground storage tanks, pipe spills, production spills and accumulation of contaminated materials all contribute to a huge pollution problem.
El saneamiento o limpieza de esta contaminación ha dado como resultado el nacimiento de la industria de saneamiento ambiental y los medios y la atención pública han originado un coeficiente muy rápido de crecimiento de esta industria. Aunado a este crecimiento han llegado una proliferación de métodos o procedimientos de saneamiento o limpieza. Los métodos principales actualmente en uso incluyen la incineración, biosaneamiento y solidificación. Cada uno de esos procedimientos tiene aplicaciones potenciales para tipos particulares de saneamiento y similarmente cada uno de esos procedimientos tiene inconvenientes particulares o problemas asociados con otros tipos de contaminación. En general, no hay procedimiento costeable que pueda eficientemente y efectivamente tratar todos los tipos de problemas de contaminación que se presentan. La incineración es una opción que consume tiempo y la solidificación ha tenido menos que un éxito óptimo cuando se trata de una contaminación orgánica.The sanitation or cleaning of this pollution has resulted in the birth of the environmental sanitation industry and the media and public attention have resulted in a very rapid growth rate of this industry. In addition to this growth, there has been a proliferation of sanitation or cleaning methods or procedures. The main methods currently in use include incineration, biosaneation and solidification. Each of these procedures has potential applications for particular types of sanitation and similarly each of those Procedures have particular drawbacks or problems associated with other types of contamination. In general, there is no affordable procedure that can efficiently and effectively address all types of pollution problems that arise. Incineration is a time-consuming option and solidification has had less than optimal success when it comes to organic pollution.
Los agentes tensioactivos y los emulsifícantes han sido usados en saneamiento ambiental ya sea para incrementar el coeficiente de degradación biológica o para emulsificar y remover los contaminantes de los sistemas de suelo tales como en un procedimiento de lavado de suelo. Los agentes tensioactivos y los dispersantes también han sido utilizados ampliamente en el tratamiento de derrame de aceite sobre el agua.Surfactants and emulsifiers have been used in environmental sanitation either to increase the coefficient of biological degradation or to emulsify and remove contaminants from soil systems such as in a soil washing process. Surfactants and dispersants have also been widely used in the treatment of oil spill on water.
La sílice y los silicatos también han sido ampliamente usados para el saneamiento de los problemas de contaminación. La sílice en varias formas, generalmente como sílice en forma de un polvo muy fino, se han utilizado para la recuperación o tratamiento de aceite derramado sobre el agua por medio de una simple absorción del aceite. Los silicatos han sido usados en muchos procedimientos de solidificación para mejorar las características físicas de la solidificación en la misma manera que son utilizados en muchos procedimientos para la producción de cementos especializados. En general, la mayor parte de estos silicatos relacionados con los procedimientos de solidificación, son para la solidificación de residuos contaminantes con metales pesados y tienen poca aplicación en el tratamiento de materiales con hidrocarburos.Silica and silicates have also been widely used for sanitation of pollution problems. Silica in various forms, generally as silica in the form of a very fine powder, has been used for the recovery or treatment of oil spilled on water by means of a simple oil absorption. Silicates have been used in many solidification processes to improve the physical characteristics of solidification in the same way they are used in many procedures for the production of specialized cements. In general, most of these silicates related to solidification processes are for the solidification of contaminant residues with heavy metals and have little application in the treatment of materials with hydrocarbons.
Noonan y McDowell en la Patente No. 5,076,938 de los Estados Unidos enseñan un método de combinación tanto de emulsificantes como silicatos utilizando un emulsificante ácido y una solución de silicato para encapsular los hidrocarburos sobre el agua o en sistemas de suelo. Sin embargo, hay muchos problemas con el uso de este sistema en el saneamiento ambiental real, los más serios son el uso de materiales fuertemente ácidos y alcalinos y los costos elevados, los cuales son un factor de la cantidad de los químicos requeridos .Noonan and McDowell in US Patent No. 5,076,938 teach a method of combining both emulsifiers and silicates using an acid emulsifier and a silicate solution to encapsulate the hydrocarbons over water or in soil systems. However, there are many problems with the use of this system in real environmental sanitation, the most serious are the use of strongly acidic and alkaline materials and the costs high, which are a factor in the amount of chemicals required.
Noonan y McDowell no preven el uso de reactivos neutros o cercanamente neutros, en su lugar el procedimiento está totalmente basado en la reacción ácido-base. Además, los ejemplos mostrados por Noonan y McDowell muestran esencialmente que es necesaria una proporción 1 : 1 : 1 de emulsificante : silicato : hidrocarburo, para el tratamiento adecuado. Así, un suelo contaminado con 10% de hidrocarburo requeriría un total de 20% de aditivos químicos, en base al peso del suelo. En término económicos, esto limita la utilidad de este procedimiento a materiales con 1% de contaminación o menos .Noonan and McDowell do not prevent the use of neutral or near neutral reagents, instead the procedure is entirely based on the acid-base reaction. In addition, the examples shown by Noonan and McDowell essentially show that a 1: 1: 1 ratio of emulsifier: silicate: hydrocarbon is necessary for proper treatment. Thus, a soil contaminated with 10% hydrocarbon would require a total of 20% chemical additives, based on the weight of the soil. In economic terms, this limits the usefulness of this procedure to materials with 1% contamination or less.
Es conocido el uso de metales térreos, por ejemplo calcio, como aditivo con silicatos en la industria del cemento .The use of earth metals, for example calcium, as an additive with silicates in the cement industry is known.
Yang, en la Patente No. 3,202,522 de los Estados Unidos revela el uso de silicato de calcio como un aditivo para producir un artículo cementoso con una mejorada resistencia al ácido. Mallow, en la Patente No. 953,316 de Canadá, muestra el uso de metasilicato de sodio para mejorar el tiempo de fraguado de las mezclas de cemento portland. Arabas patentes citadas anteriormente prven sólo la producción de monolitos de materiales cementosos y no el uso de metales térreos y silicatos solos sin la adición de materiales puzolánicos .Yang, in US Patent No. 3,202,522, discloses the use of calcium silicate as an additive to produce a cementitious article with improved acid resistance. Mallow, in Canadian Patent No. 953,316, shows the use of sodium metasilicate to improve the setting time of portland cement mixtures. The patents mentioned above prevent only the production of monoliths of cementitious materials and not the use of earth metals and silicates alone without the addition of pozzolanic materials.
El uso de aditivos variados que incluyen los silicatos y/o calcio es también conocido en la industria del ambiente como se demostró en las siguientes patentes. Piepho, en la Patente No. 4,415,467 de los Estados Unidos, revela un método de absorción de contaminantes aceitosos en aguas residuales utilizando coagulante, arcilla bentonita, cal y aluminosilicato de calcio. Piepho establece específicamente que el aluminosilicato de calcio en su revelación está intencionado sólo para reacciones puzolánicas.The use of various additives that include silicates and / or calcium is also known in the environmental industry as demonstrated in the following patents. Piepho, in US Patent No. 4,415,467, discloses a method of absorbing oily contaminants in wastewater using coagulant, bentonite clay, lime and calcium aluminosilicate. Piepho specifically states that the calcium aluminosilicate in its disclosure is intended only for pozzolanic reactions.
En la Patente No. 3,843,306 de los Estados Unidos, Whittington y otros enseñan un método de control de derrame de aceite que utiliza un silicato de un álcali metálico con propiedades oleofílicas-hidrofóbicas . Dicho material es calentado para producir una espuma estando las partículas secas entonces en flotación sobre la superficie del agua para absorber físicamente los materiales base aceite. Ninguna de las revelaciones previamente citadas, con excepción de Noonan y McDowell muestran un método de reacción y encapsulación de hidrocarburos dentro de una matriz de suelo.In U.S. Patent No. 3,843,306, Whittington et al. Teaches an oil spill control method that utilizes a metal alkali silicate with oleophilic-hydrophobic properties. Said material is heated to produce a foam with the dried particles then floating on the surface of the water to physically absorb the oil-based materials. None of the previously cited disclosures, with the exception of Noonan and McDowell, show a method of reacting and encapsulating hydrocarbons within a soil matrix.
BREVE DESCRIPCIÓN DE LA INVENCIÓNBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
El desarrollo de la presente invención está dirijido a un método novedoso de encapsulación de contaminantes emulsificables tales como los hidrocarburos encontrados en sistemas de suelos de procedimientos industriales. El método utiliza un agente tensioactivo novedoso para la industria ambiental, para la desabsorción y emulsificación del contaminante seguido por la adición de una solución de silicato. La solución de silicato a su vez reacciona con la porción alcalinotérrea del agente tensioactivo para precipitar la sílice formando a su vez una cubierta encapsulante que rodea al material desabsorbido y emulsificado .The development of the present invention is directed to a novel method of encapsulation of emulsifiable contaminants such as hydrocarbons found in industrial process floor systems. The method uses a novel surfactant for the environmental industry, for the desorption and emulsification of the contaminant followed by the addition of a silicate solution. The silicate solution in turn reacts with the alkaline earth portion of the surfactant to precipitate the silica in turn forming an encapsulating shell surrounding the desorbed and emulsified material.
Se sabe que la sílice puede ser precipitada a partir de soluciones de silicato por acidificación o neutralización de la solución de silicato. Se sabe también que soluciones simples de sales de metales alcalinotérreos tal como el cloruro de calcio pueden catalizar la precipitación de sílice a partir de soluciones de silicato. La presente invención utiliza el método previamente mencionado, la precipitación de silicato por medio de la adición de un compuesto de un metal alcalinotérreo, no obstante, en un método único. En lugar de utilizar una simple sal de un metal alcalinotérreo, se ha encontrado que varios agentes tensioactivos que contienen un grupo funcional de un metal alcalinotérreo son capaces también de la catálisis de la sílice a partir de la solución de silicato. El presente método prevé primeramente la reacción de un agente tensioactivo ácido con un hidróxido alcalinotérreo u otras sales tomadas del magnesio, calcio, estroncio o bario o de reacción de un agente tensioactivo capaz de combinarse con una sal de un metal alcalinotérreo. El agente tensioactivo base, sólo por ejemplo, puede ser de agentes tensioactivos aniónicos tales como los esteres de fosfato, sulfonatos, sulfosuccinatoε, sulfosuccinamatos o ácidos grasos simples como el ácido láurico, oleico o palmítico. La reacción de esos dos materiales produce un agente tensioactivo neutro que tiene propiedades emulsificantes así como también contienen un grupo funcional de un metal alcalinotérreo.It is known that silica can be precipitated from silicate solutions by acidification or neutralization of the silicate solution. It is also known that simple solutions of alkaline earth metal salts such as calcium chloride can catalyze the precipitation of silica from silicate solutions. The present invention uses the previously mentioned method, the precipitation of silicate by means of the addition of a compound of an alkaline earth metal, however, in a unique method. Instead of using a simple salt of an alkaline earth metal, it has been found that several surfactants containing a functional group of an alkaline earth metal are also capable of catalysis of the silica from the silicate solution. The present method first provides for the reaction of an acidic surfactant with an alkaline earth hydroxide or other salts taken from magnesium, calcium, strontium or barium or reaction of a surfactant capable of being combined with a salt of an alkaline earth metal. The base surfactant, for example only, can be anionic surfactants such as phosphate esters, sulfonates, sulfosuccinate, sulfosuccinamates or simple fatty acids such as lauric, oleic or palmitic acid. The reaction of these two materials produces a neutral surfactant that has emulsifying properties as well as containing a functional group of an alkaline earth metal.
Este producto de la reacción o preferiblemente una solución del producto que reacciona es adicionado al material contaminado conteniendo un contaminante emulsificable . La solución del producto de reacción y el suelo contaminado son entonces íntimamente mezclados para producir una emulsión del contaminante emulsificable . Es bien sabido para aquellos especializados en la técnica, que de la formación de una emulsión, el material emulsificado es rodeado por una cubierta conocida como una formación micelial. El tamaño real de este micelio depende de la eficacia del emulsificante, pero generalmente está en el rango de 10 mieras hasta 100 mieras de diámetro.This reaction product or preferably a solution of the reacting product is added to the contaminated material containing an emulsifiable contaminant. The reaction product solution and the contaminated soil are then intimately mixed to produce an emulsion of the emulsifiable contaminant. It is well known to those skilled in the art, that from the formation of an emulsion, the emulsified material is surrounded by a cover known as a mycelial formation. The actual size of this mycelium depends on the effectiveness of the emulsifier, but is generally in the range of 10 microns to 100 microns in diameter.
El agente tensioactivo real usado en el producto de la reacción y la cantidad de producto de reacción utilizado para emulsificar cualquier material particular dependerá tanto del tipo de contaminante emulsificable como de la concentración de dicho contamínate en el suelo o matriz residual así como de las características físicas y químicas del suelo huésped o material residual .The actual surfactant used in the reaction product and the amount of reaction product used to emulsify any particular material will depend on both the type of emulsifiable pollutant and the concentration of said contaminant in the soil or residual matrix as well as the physical characteristics. and chemicals from the host soil or residual material.
De manera similar la cantidad de mezclado íntimo requerido y el tipo de mezclado necesario dependerá tanto de contamínate como del suelo o tipo de matriz residual.Similarly, the amount of intimate mixing required and the type of mixing required will depend on both contamination and soil or type of residual matrix.
Luego de la emulsión completa del contaminantes, se adiciona una solución del silicato de un álcali metálico a la mezcla siendo nuevamente mezclado. Esto produce una reacción de precipitación en la cual la porción alcalinotérrea del emulsificante cataliza la precipitación de sílice a partir de la solución de silicato. La sílice a su vez forma una . cubierta microscópica o encapsulación rodeando el contaminante emulsificado. El tamaño de esta cubierta o microencapsulación está directamente relacionada al tamaño del micelio producido sobre la emulsificación primaria pero en los mejores métodos previstos de la presente invención el tamaño es de aproximadamente 200 mieras de diámetro.After the complete emulsion of the contaminants, a solution of the silicate of a metal alkali is added to the mixture being mixed again. This produces a precipitation reaction in which the alkaline earth portion of the emulsifier catalyzes the precipitation of silica from the silicate solution. Silica in turn forms one. microscopic cover or encapsulation surrounding the emulsified contaminant. The size of this cover or microencapsulation is directly related to the size of the mycelium produced on the primary emulsification but in the best anticipated methods of the present invention the size is approximately 200 microns in diameter.
El tamaño de esta partículas microencapsuladas es una de las ventajas y una de las diferencias de la presente invención sobre la patente citada previamente de Noonan y McDowell . En la patente citada, el tamaño promedio del material resultante se reivindicó que era de 2 a 4 mieras o menos lo cual cuenta para loas grandes cantidades de material requerido para tratar efectivamente cualquier material contaminado con más de 1% de contaminación. Para explicar esto, haremos uso de una analogía. Un globo con un peso de sólo unos pocos gramos puede contener varios cientos de gramos de agua, mientras más grande sea el tamaño del globo más agua puede contener. Con un diámetro promedio de 200 mieras, la presente invención puede encapsular casi unas cien veces más hidrocarburo para un peso esencialmente equivalente de producto que los ejemplos previamente citados por Noonan y McDowell .The size of this microencapsulated particles is one of the advantages and one of the differences of the present invention over the previously cited patent of Noonan and McDowell. In the cited patent, the average size of the resulting material was claimed to be 2 to 4 microns or less which counts for the large amounts of material required to effectively treat any contaminated material with more than 1% contamination. To explain this, we will use an analogy. A balloon weighing only a few grams can contain several hundred grams of water, the larger the size of the balloon, the more water it can hold. With an average diameter of 200 microns, the present invention can encapsulate almost one hundred times more hydrocarbon for an essentially equivalent product weight than the examples previously cited by Noonan and McDowell.
El resultado de estas reacciones es una microencapsulación del contamínate dentro de una cubierta de sílice inerte, que protege efectivamente el ambiente. Por lo tanto, un objeto de la presente invención es proporcionar un procedimiento y los materiales requeridos para producir una microencapsulación de ciertos contaminantes ambientales. Dicho procedimiento puede ser aplicado a una variedad de contaminantes en una variedad de matrices de suelo o lodo o residuos para producir un material microencapsulado resistente a la degradación ambiental.The result of these reactions is a microencapsulation of the contaminate inside an inert silica shell, which effectively protects the environment. Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a process and the materials required to produce a microencapsulation of certain environmental pollutants. Said process can be applied to a variety of contaminants in a variety of soil or mud matrices or residues to produce a microencapsulated material resistant to environmental degradation.
Otro objetivo de esta invención es proporcionar esta microencapsulación por medio del uso del producto de reacción de agentes tensioactivos y metales térreos tales como el calcio o magnesio, de aquí en adelante referido como "la solución catalizadora" y reaccionando luego dicho material con una solución de silicato de un álcali metálico, de aquí en adelante referido como la "solución encapsulante" para formar una cubierta de sílice rodeando los contaminantes .Another objective of this invention is to provide this microencapsulation through the use of the product of reaction of surfactants and earth metals such as calcium or magnesium, hereinafter referred to as "the catalyst solution" and then reacting said material with a silicate solution of a metal alkali, hereinafter referred to as the "encapsulating solution "to form a silica cover surrounding pollutants.
Otros objetos, características y ventajas serán evidentes para alguien especializado en la técnica desde la descripción siguiente de los mejores métodos previstos de la invención presente.Other objects, features and advantages will be apparent to someone skilled in the art from the following description of the best intended methods of the present invention.
BREVE DESCRIPCIÓN DEL DIBUJOBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
La figura 1 muestra una gráfica del período de vida del material microencapsulado.Figure 1 shows a graph of the life period of the microencapsulated material.
DESCRIPCIÓN DETALLADA DE LOS MEJORES MÉTODOS PREVISTOSDETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE BEST EXPECTED METHODS
El método de la presente invención involucra el uso de una solución catalizadora; sistema de agente tensioactivo con un metal alcalinotérreo, en una reacción con una solución encapsulante: solución de silicato de un álcali metálico para producir un sistema para la microencapsulación de contaminantes orgánicos emulsificables . El método puede ser usado para el saneamiento o tratamiento de suelos contaminados con compuestos orgánicos tales como los hidrocarburos y más particularmente los suelos contaminados con gasolina, combustible diesel, aceites residuales, petróleo crudo y similares. El método puede también ser utilizado para el tratamiento de residuos de procedimientos tales como sedimentos de tanques o lodos relacionados con los hidrocarburos de la industria de refinación del petróleo o lodos de perforación de la producción de aceite. El agente tensioactivo usado en la primera parte de la reacción con el metal alcalinotérreo es seleccionado a partir del grupo de agentes tensioactivos ácidos, esteres agentes tensioactivos, agentes tensioactivos di-ésteres o ácidos grasoso. Este puede ser, . por ejemplo, un éster tal como el sulfosuccinato de sodio éster de dietanolamida de coco, un agente tensioactivo ácido tal como el ácido dodecibencen-sulfónico, un ácido graso simple tal como el ácido láurico, un agente tensioactivo intermedio común tal como el laurisulfato o uno de los muchos esteres de fosfato ácido.The method of the present invention involves the use of a catalyst solution; surfactant system with an alkaline earth metal, in a reaction with an encapsulating solution: silicate solution of a metal alkali to produce a system for microencapsulation of emulsifiable organic pollutants. The method can be used for sanitation or treatment of soils contaminated with organic compounds such as hydrocarbons and more particularly soils contaminated with gasoline, diesel fuel, residual oils, crude oil and the like. The method can also be used for the treatment of process residues such as tank sediments or sludges related to hydrocarbons from the oil refining industry or drilling sludges from oil production. The surfactant used in the first part of the reaction with the alkaline earth metal is selected from the group of acidic surfactants, esters surfactants, di-ester surfactants or fatty acids This may be,. for example, an ester such as sodium sulfosuccinate coconut diethanolamide ester, an acidic surfactant such as dodecibencenesulfonic acid, a simple fatty acid such as lauric acid, a common intermediate surfactant such as lauryl sulfate or one of the many esters of acid phosphate.
El metal alcalinotérreo reactante es seleccionado del grupo II de los metales que consiste de berilio, magnesio, calcio, estroncio y bario. La porción catiónica del metal alcalinotérreo es alcalina, tal como, por ejemplo, carbonato o hidróxido.The alkaline earth metal reactant is selected from group II of metals consisting of beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium and barium. The cationic portion of the alkaline earth metal is alkaline, such as, for example, carbonate or hydroxide.
Las descripciones siguientes de los mejores métodos previstos proporcionarán ejemplo específicos de la presente invención que se revela.The following descriptions of the best methods provided will provide specific examples of the present invention disclosed.
A 100 gramos de un agente tensioactivo fosfatado no iónico, libre de ácido tal como Alkaphos QS, comercializado por la División de Agentes Tensioactivos y Especialidades de Rhone Poulenc, se le adicionaron 150 gramos de agua mezclando esto para formar una solución clara. A esta solución, se adicionaron 19.5 gramos de hidróxido de calcio, Ca(OH)2 con un mezclado vigoroso por un periodo de dos horas. La temperatura se mantuvo en 60°C durante el mezclado. Al final del mezclado, se permitió enfriar la muestra para luego vigorosamente por 30 minutos para solubilizar cualquier material que no reaccionó. Esto se filtró por una segunda ocasión para proporcionar un peso seco final de aproximadamente 92.6 gramos de producto. El residuo del filtro, la sal de calicó del agente tensioactivo fosfatado no iónico fue un material esencialmente blanco insoluble en agua con un pH alcalino de 9.64.100 grams of a non-ionic, acid-free phosphate surfactant such as Alkaphos QS, marketed by the Rhone Poulenc Division of Surfactants and Specialties, 150 grams of water were added by mixing this to form a clear solution. To this solution, 19.5 grams of calcium hydroxide, Ca (OH) 2 was added with vigorous mixing for a period of two hours. The temperature was maintained at 60 ° C during mixing. At the end of mixing, the sample was allowed to cool vigorously for 30 minutes to solubilize any material that did not react. This was filtered for a second time to provide a final dry weight of approximately 92.6 grams of product. The filter residue, the calcium salt of the non-ionic phosphate surfactant was an essentially white water-insoluble material with an alkaline pH of 9.64.
Este producto de la reacción pudo dispersarse dentro de un sistema de agua por medio de la utilización de agentes tensioactivos adicionales como se describe más adelante en la mejor composición prevista.This reaction product could be dispersed within a water system through the use of additional surfactants as described below in the best intended composition.
Una mejor composición prevista para la dispersión de este material tiene la siguiente composición:A better composition intended for dispersion of this material has the following composition:
Sal de calcio como producto de la reacción 12.5 Trideciloxipoli (etilenoxi) etanol 2.2Calcium salt as reaction product 12.5 Tridecyloxyipoli (ethyleneoxy) ethanol 2.2
Alquilfenol etoxilado .0 n- (1, 2-dicarboxietil) -noctadecilsulfosuccinamato de tetrasodio 8.4 Éter monobutílico de etilenglicol 4.6Ethoxylated alkylphenol .0 n- (1,2-dicarboxyethyl) tetrasodium octadecylsulfosuccinamate 8.4 Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether 4.6
Agua 65.3Water 65.3
Total (por ciento por peso) 100.0Total (percent by weight) 100.0
El pH de la mejor composición prevista anterior varía entre 9.3 y 9.8, una solución ligeramente alcalina.The pH of the best predicted composition above varies between 9.3 and 9.8, a slightly alkaline solution.
Otro mejor método previsto de la presente invención utiliza Magnesio como el anión del metal alcalinotérreo. La preparación del producto de reacción agente tensioactivo- magnesio puede ser realizada como sigue: A 100 gramos de fosfato ácido de dialquifenoxi poli (oxietileno) , son adicionados 200 gramos de agua. Esto es mezclado para formar una solución clara y la temperatura es elevada a 70°C. A esta solución, se le adicionan lentamente por un periodo de 4 horas 16.7 gramos de hidróxido de magnesio, Mg(OH)2, con una agitación vigorosa, mientras se mantiene la temperatura necesaria. Se permite enfriar la solución, y el precipitado se filtra. El precipitado filtrado es colocado de nuevo en 300 gramos de agua, y agitado vigorosamente por 30 minutos para solubilizar cualquier material no reaccionado. Esto es filtrado una segunda ocasión para producir un peso seco final de aproximadamente 84.8 gramos de producto de la reacción. El producto final de la reacción, la sal de magnesio del fosfato ácido de cialquilfenoxi poli (oxietileno) fue un material sólido blanco céreo con un pH alcalino de 8.43. De modo similar al producto de reacción calcio descrito anteriormente, el producto de reacción magnesio puede ser dispersado en agua por medio de la utilización de agentes tensioactivos adicionales.Another better intended method of the present invention uses Magnesium as the anion of the alkaline earth metal. The preparation of the surfactant-magnesium agent reaction product can be carried out as follows: To 100 grams of dialkiphenoxy poly (oxyethylene) acid phosphate, 200 grams of water are added. This is mixed to form a clear solution and the temperature is raised to 70 ° C. To this solution, 16.7 grams of magnesium hydroxide, Mg (OH) 2, are added slowly over a period of 4 hours, with vigorous stirring, while maintaining the necessary temperature. The solution is allowed to cool, and the precipitate is filtered. The filtered precipitate is placed back in 300 grams of water, and vigorously stirred for 30 minutes to solubilize any unreacted material. This is filtered a second time to produce a final dry weight of approximately 84.8 grams of reaction product. The final product of the reaction, the magnesium salt of the cyalkylphenoxy poly (oxyethylene) acid phosphate was a waxy white solid material with an alkaline pH of 8.43. Similar to the calcium reaction product described above, the magnesium reaction product can be dispersed in water through the use of additional surfactants.
Una mejor composición prevista para la dispersión de la sal de magnesio producto de la reacción es como sigue: Sal de magnesio como producto de la reacción 14.8 n- (1, 2-dicarboxietil) -n-octadecilsulfosuccinamato de Tetrasodio 9.2A better intended composition for the dispersion of the magnesium salt product of the reaction is as follows: Magnesium salt as reaction product 14.8 n- (1,2-dicarboxyethyl) -n-octadecylsulfosuccinamate Tetrasodium 9.2
Copolímero de polioxietilen polioxipropileno 11.4 Dioctilsulfosuccinato de sodio 2.8Polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene copolymer 11.4 Sodium dioctylsulfosuccinate 2.8
Éter monobutílico de etilenglicol 6.3Ethylene Glycol Monobutyl Ether 6.3
Agua 55.5Water 55.5
Total (por ciento por peso) 100.0Total (percent by weight) 100.0
El pH de la mejor composición prevista anterior varía entre 8.1 y 8.8, menos alcalina que la mejor composición prevista previamente descrita, no obstante es todavía una solución alcalina.The pH of the best predicted composition above varies between 8.1 and 8.8, less alkaline than the best predicted composition previously described, however it is still an alkaline solution.
Para lograr una completa dispersión y proporcionar un producto final sin tendencia de sedimentación, las mejores composiciones anteriormente previstas deberían ser manufacturas en contenedores calentados, equipados con una elevada intensidad en el mezclado, tal como un Cowles Dissolver. Las composiciones anteriores son reveladas sólo como ejemplos y no son intencionadas para ser interpretadas como limitante del alcance o de la aplicación de la presente invención.To achieve complete dispersion and provide a final product with no settling tendency, the best compositions previously envisaged should be manufactured in heated containers, equipped with high mixing intensity, such as a Cowles Dissolver. The above compositions are disclosed only as examples and are not intended to be construed as limiting the scope or application of the present invention.
La solución de silicato que es utilizada como el reactivo con la ahora dispersada o solubilizada solución catalizadora de agente tensioactivo con un metal alcalinotérreo es tomada del grupo de los silicatos metálicos alcalinos. Pueden ser silicatos de sodio o potasio, metasilicatos y ortosilicatos . Los silicatos comercialmente disponibles pueden ser encontrados en un amplio rango de relaciones silica - álcali. Por ejemplo el silicato de sodio es comercialmente disponible en relaciones de peso de SÍO2 : Na2θ desde 1 : 1.60 o más elevados como l : 3.85. Mientras los silicatos de todas las relaciones silica - álcali pueden encontrar aplicabilidad en la presente invención, aquellos silicatos de más baja alcalinidad y relaciones más elevadas darán como resultado un producto final de pH más aceptable para usos ambientales . Como será obvio para aquellos especializados en la técnica, la solución de silicato puede modificarse para mejorar su eficacia en la microencapsulación real de los contaminantes hidrocarburos . Una de esas modificaciones es la adición de un agente tensioactivo para disminuir la tensión superficial y mejora el humedecimiento de la solución de silicato cuando es agregada a una matriz contaminada de suelo. Modificaciones simples para la solución de silicato, tales como la dilución con agua para una concentración real de uso, ajuste de pH, adición de promotores de viscosidad o el uso de diferentes concentraciones de agente tensioactivo o diferentes agentes tensioactivos son anticipadas por la presente relación y son determinadas por las características físicas y químicas reales del material residual que está siendo tratado.The silicate solution that is used as the reagent with the now dispersed or solubilized surfactant catalyst solution with an alkaline earth metal is taken from the group of alkali metal silicates. They can be sodium or potassium silicates, metasilicates and orthosilicates. Commercially available silicates can be found in a wide range of silica-alkali ratios. For example, sodium silicate is commercially available in weight ratios of SIO2: Na2θ from 1: 1.60 or higher as l: 3.85. While silicates of all silica-alkali ratios may find applicability in the present invention, those silicates of lower alkalinity and higher ratios will result in a more acceptable final pH product for environmental uses. As will be obvious to those skilled in the art, the silicate solution can be modified to improve its effectiveness in the actual microencapsulation of hydrocarbon contaminants. One such modification is the addition of a surfactant to reduce surface tension and improve the wetting of the silicate solution when added to a soil contaminated matrix. Simple modifications to the silicate solution, such as dilution with water for a real concentration of use, pH adjustment, addition of viscosity promoters or the use of different concentrations of surfactant or different surfactants are anticipated by the present relationship and They are determined by the actual physical and chemical characteristics of the residual material being treated.
Una mejor composición prevista para la fabricación de la solución de silicato es como a continuación se detalla:A better composition intended for the manufacture of the silicate solution is as follows:
Silicato de sodio * 79.2 Agua 20.0Sodium Silicate * 79.2 Water 20.0
Dioctilsulfosuccinato de sodio 0.8Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate 0.8
*E1 silicato de sodio usado en la mejor composición prevista anterior tiene las siguientes especificaciones: Relación media de peso de SÍO2 .: Na2Ü 1.33, pH de una solución es agua al 1% peso/peso 10.55, sólidos totales 33.4-* E1 sodium silicate used in the best expected composition above has the following specifications: Average weight ratio of SIO2.: Na2Ü 1.33, pH of a solution is 1% water weight / weight 10.55, total solids 33.4-
34%3. 4%
La fabricación de la composición anterior es una simple operación de mezclado, con los materiales adicionados y mezclados en el orden listado.The manufacture of the above composition is a simple mixing operation, with the materials added and mixed in the order listed.
La mejor composición prevista anterior de solución de encapsulación proporciona un producto final con un pH de aproximadamente 10.2 reaccionando rápidamente con la solución catalizadora alcalina previamente descrita para precipitar la silica rodeando el hidrocarburo emulsificado y proporcionando una microencapsulación impermeable del hidrocarburo. Para demostrar la aplicabilidad del método revelado en la presente invención, se continúa con un número de ejemplos de aplicabilidad.The best previously envisaged encapsulation solution composition provides a final product with a pH of about 10.2 by rapidly reacting with the alkaline catalyst solution previously described to precipitate the silica surrounding the emulsified hydrocarbon and providing an impermeable microencapsulation of the hydrocarbon. To demonstrate the applicability of the method disclosed in the present invention, a number of examples of applicability are continued.
EJEMPLO 1EXAMPLE 1
Para evaluar la eficacia del procedimiento en el tratamiento de suelo contaminado con combustible diesel, se contaminó una muestra de arena libre de hidrocarburo como se describe a continuación:To evaluate the effectiveness of the procedure in the treatment of soil contaminated with diesel fuel, a sample of hydrocarbon-free sand was contaminated as described below:
A 1 Kg de muestra de arena colocada en una mezcladora Hobart Planetary se añadieron lentamente 20.0 gramos de combustible diesel comercial, con una baja velocidad de mezclado. Esto se mezcló por 30 minutos para asegurar una muestra homogénea. Al final del periodo de mezclado se tomaron dos muestras del material y el remanente fue colocado en un contenedor para luego sellarlo y refrigerarlo para minimizar la pérdida de hidrocarburos . Las dos muestras separadas fueron analizadas para la determinación de hidrocarburos en el rango del combustible diesel utilizando el método de EPA de los Estados Unidos Método 8015 modificado por el Departamento de Servicios de Salud de California para el análisis de hidrocarburos en suelos. Para todos los análisis subsecuentes para la determinación de hidrocarburos en esta revelación se utiliza el mismo método. Este es un método de cromatografía de gases que extrae el hidrocarburo por medio de un solvente dado, en el caso de todos los análisis para la determinación de hidrocarburos en esta revelación, el solvente utilizado para la extracción de hidrocarburos fue él cloruro de metileno.To 1 kg of sand sample placed in a Hobart Planetary mixer, 20.0 grams of commercial diesel fuel were slowly added, with a low mixing speed. This was mixed for 30 minutes to ensure a homogeneous sample. At the end of the mixing period, two samples of the material were taken and the remainder was placed in a container and then sealed and refrigerated to minimize the loss of hydrocarbons. The two separate samples were analyzed for the determination of hydrocarbons in the diesel fuel range using the US EPA method Method 8015 modified by the California Department of Health Services for the analysis of hydrocarbons in soils. For all subsequent analyzes for the determination of hydrocarbons in this disclosure the same method is used. This is a gas chromatography method that extracts the hydrocarbon by means of a given solvent, in the case of all analyzes for the determination of hydrocarbons in this disclosure, the solvent used for the extraction of hydrocarbons was methylene chloride.
Los resultados de este análisis sobre la arena contaminada con combustible diesel muestran una concentración promedio de hidrocarburos antes del tratamiento de 18,640 mg/Kg como combustible diesel . El tratamiento real de la muestra contaminada con el combustible diesel requirió una mezcladora horizontal tal como, una mezcladora de cinta en hélice o similar. La reacción entre la solución catalizadora y la solución encapusulante es muy rápida, por lo que para asegurar una distribución de la reacción, todo el material que está siendo tratado o sustancialmente todo el material que está siendo tratado tiene que ser expuesto a la solución de microencapsulación. El método más efectivo para asegurar que sustancialmente todo el material esté en contacto con la solución encapsulante es la aplicación pro atomización a través de la superficie, mientras se está realizando el mezclado, a una velocidad elevada en una mezcladora horizontal para producir el movimiento del material desde el fondo hasta arriba. La velocidad real del mezclado dependerá del tipo de mezcladora horizontal utilizada y el tamaño de las paletas o cuchillas de mezclado, sin embargo se necesita suficiente velocidad de mezclado para romper o reducir efectivamente el tamaño de los grandes grumos de suelo o residuo a una masa de partículas relativamente homogéneas que sea en promedio menor de 0.5 pulgadas de diámetro . Además la velocidad de mezclado tiene que ser suficiente para revolver toda la masa de sólidos contenida dentro de la mezcladora en menos de un minuto.The results of this analysis on sand contaminated with diesel fuel show an average concentration of hydrocarbons before treatment of 18,640 mg / kg as diesel fuel. Actual treatment of the sample contaminated with diesel fuel required a horizontal mixer such as a propeller belt mixer or the like. The reaction between the catalyst solution and the solution Encapsulant is very fast, so to ensure a distribution of the reaction, all the material that is being treated or substantially all the material that is being treated has to be exposed to the microencapsulation solution. The most effective method to ensure that substantially all of the material is in contact with the encapsulating solution is the spray application through the surface, while mixing, at a high speed in a horizontal mixer to produce material movement. from the bottom to the top. The actual mixing speed will depend on the type of horizontal mixer used and the size of the mixing blades or blades, however sufficient mixing speed is needed to effectively break or reduce the size of large lumps of soil or residue to a mass of relatively homogeneous particles that are on average less than 0.5 inches in diameter. In addition, the mixing speed must be sufficient to stir the entire mass of solids contained within the mixer in less than one minute.
El tratamiento de las muestras reales tomó lugar en una mezcladora tipo cinta hélice a escala de laboratorio, operada a 80 +/- 5 r.p.m.The treatment of the real samples took place in a laboratory scale propeller mixer, operated at 80 +/- 5 r.p.m.
Se colocó una alícuota de 500 gramos de arena contaminada con combustible diesel en la mezcladora y se procedió a mezclar este material por dos minutos para su homogeneización. Se diluyeron 2.0 mis de una muestra de la primera mejor composición prevista de la solución catalizadora a 10 mis con agua. La mezcladora fue iniciada y se atomizó la solución catalizadora diluida sobre la superficie del material por un periodo de un minuto. Seguido de dos minutos adicionales de mezclado para asegurar el contacto de la solución catalizadora con todo el material contaminado con combustible diesel.. Se diluyeron 3.0 mis de una muestra de la mejor composición prevista de la solución encapsulante a 10 mis con agua. La mezcladora se inició nuevamente y se procedió a atomizar lentamente la solución encapsulante en la superficie del material por un periodo de 4 minutos. Mezclándose por dos. minutos adicionales para asegurar un contacto completo de toda la solución encapsulante con toda la solución' catalizadora. Se tomaron dos muestras compuestas para el análisis para la determinación de combustible diesel residual, siendo refrigerado el material tratado remanente .A 500 gram aliquot of sand contaminated with diesel fuel was placed in the mixer and this material was mixed for two minutes for homogenization. 2.0 ml of a sample of the first best expected composition of the catalyst solution was diluted to 10 ml with water. The mixer was started and the diluted catalyst solution was atomized on the surface of the material for a period of one minute. After an additional two minutes of mixing to ensure the contact of the catalyst solution with all the material contaminated with diesel fuel. 3.0 ml of a sample of the best expected composition of the encapsulating solution was diluted to 10 ml with water. The mixer was started again and the encapsulating solution was slowly atomized on the surface of the material for a period of 4 minutes Mixing for two. additional minutes to ensure complete contact of all the encapsulating solution with the entire solution 'catalyst. Two composite samples were taken for analysis for the determination of residual diesel fuel, the remaining treated material being cooled.
Los resultados de los análisis para la determinación del combustible diesel mostraron un contenido promedio de 832 mg/kg después del tratamiento, una reducción del 95.5% basado en el contenido inicial de 18,640 mg/kg de combustible diesel en el material contaminado. El material después del tratamiento tuvo una apariencia esencialmente idéntica al material antes del tratamiento, o sea, fue esencialmente un material arenoso sin un olor detectable de hidrocarburo.The results of the analysis for the determination of diesel fuel showed an average content of 832 mg / kg after treatment, a reduction of 95.5% based on the initial content of 18,640 mg / kg of diesel fuel in the contaminated material. The material after the treatment had an appearance essentially identical to the material before the treatment, that is, it was essentially a sandy material without a detectable odor of hydrocarbon.
EJEMPLO 2EXAMPLE 2
Para exponer la flexibilidad del proceso revelado, se contaminó una muestra de suelo limoso con aceite de motor comercial SAE 30. Se colocó una muestra de 1 kg de suelo limoso libre de hidrocarburo en una mezcladora Hobart y se procedió a mezclar durante 10 minutos para remover los grumos. A continuación se procedió a adicionar lentamente 40 gramos de aceite motor mientras la mezcladora aún continuaba en función, mezclando este material por 30 minutos. Se tomaron dos muestras compuestas para la determinación del nivel de contaminación, refrigerando el material remanente. El análisis de las muestras para la determinación de hidrocarburos en el rango del aceite de motor mostró una concentración promedio antes del tratamiento de 34,120 mg/kg.To expose the flexibility of the revealed process, a sample of silt soil was contaminated with SAE 30 commercial engine oil. A 1 kg sample of silt-free hydrocarbon soil was placed in a Hobart mixer and mixed for 10 minutes to remove lumps Next, 40 grams of motor oil were slowly added while the mixer was still running, mixing this material for 30 minutes. Two composite samples were taken to determine the level of contamination, cooling the remaining material. Analysis of the samples for the determination of hydrocarbons in the engine oil range showed an average concentration before treatment of 34,120 mg / kg.
Se colocó una muestra de 500 gramos del material contaminado anterior en la mezcladora del laboratorio, tipo cinta en hélice y se procedió al mezclador durante dos minutos para su homogeneización. Se diluyeron 3 mis. de la segunda mejor composición prevista de la solución catalizadora a 10 mis con agua. Esta solución fue lentamente atomizada por un periodo de 4 minutos sobre la superficie del material contaminado mientras la. mezcladora continuaba el mezclado. Este material se mezcló por tres minutos adicionales para asegurar un contacto completo. Se diluyeron 6 mi . de la mejor solución encapsulante prevista a 15 mi. con agua. Esta solución fue lentamente atomizada durante un periodo de cinco minutos sobre la superficie del material . El material final tratado fue mezclado durante otros 4 minutos para asegurar el contacto completo de la solución de encapsulante con toda la solución catalizadora. Se tomaron dos muestras completas del material tratado para su análisis, el material remanente fue refrigerado .A 500 gram sample of the above contaminated material was placed in the laboratory mixer, helix tape type and the mixer was run for two minutes for homogenization. 3 ml were diluted. of the second best expected composition of the catalyst solution at 10 ml with water. This solution was slowly atomized for a period of 4 minutes on the surface of the contaminated material while the. Mixer continued mixing. This material was mixed for an additional three minutes to ensure complete contact. They were diluted 6 ml. of the best encapsulant solution planned at 15 mi. with water. This solution was slowly atomized over a period of five minutes on the surface of the material. The final treated material was mixed for another 4 minutes to ensure complete contact of the encapsulant solution with the entire catalyst solution. Two complete samples of the treated material were taken for analysis, the remaining material was refrigerated.
El análisis del material tratado mostró una concentración promedio de 1,684 mg/kg de hidrocarburo en el rango del aceite de motor. Significando una reducción del 95.06% en el nivel de hidrocarburo a partir de la muestra inicial no tratada. El material tratado no cambió en apariencia y después del tratamiento fue todavía un suelo limoso friable, sin olor o color perceptible de hidrocarburo. Esta es una de las ventajas evidentes del presente de microencapsulación sobre los otros procesos normales de encapsulación tales como la solidificación o estabilización, ya que las características físicas no son cambiadas permitiendo así que el material tratado pueda ser utilizado para múltiples propósitos.The analysis of the treated material showed an average concentration of 1,684 mg / kg of hydrocarbon in the engine oil range. Meaning a reduction of 95.06% in the level of hydrocarbon from the initial untreated sample. The treated material did not change in appearance and after treatment it was still a friable silt soil, with no odor or perceptible hydrocarbon color. This is one of the obvious advantages of the present microencapsulation over the other normal encapsulation processes such as solidification or stabilization, since the physical characteristics are not changed thus allowing the treated material to be used for multiple purposes.
EJEMPLO 3EXAMPLE 3
Otro ejemplo ilustrará la versatilidad de este proceso. Es bien sabido en la industria ambiental que los suelos arcillosos contaminados son los tipos de suelo más difíciles de tratar. Es también generalmente reconocido que el petróleo crudo intemperizado es uno de los contaminantes más difíciles de tratar. Se obtuvo una muestra de suelo mexicano de arcilla roja libre de hidrocarburo, junto con una muestra de petróleo crudo Maya mexicano que se había añejado en una laguna durante cuarenta años . El petróleo crudo tuvo la apariencia de un material negro muy pesado y viscoso con el distintivo olor de hidrocarburo.Another example will illustrate the versatility of this process. It is well known in the environmental industry that contaminated clay soils are the most difficult types of soil to treat. It is also generally recognized that weathered crude oil is one of the most difficult contaminants to treat. A sample of hydrocarbon-free red clay Mexican soil was obtained, along with a sample of Mexican Mayan crude oil that had been aged in a lagoon for forty years. Crude oil had the appearance of a very heavy and viscous black material with the distinctive smell of hydrocarbon.
Se colocó una muestra de 1 kg. del suelo arcilloso en la mezcladora y después de que 100 gramos de petróleo crudo intemperizado se calentaron a 60°C, se virtieron rápidamente al material y se procedió mezclar durante una hora.A 1 kg sample was placed. of the clay soil in the mixer and after 100 grams of weathered crude oil was heated to 60 ° C, the material was quickly poured and mixing was carried out for one hour.
Se tomaron dos muestras compuestas para la determinación del nivel de contaminación inicial siendo refrigerado el material restante.Two composite samples were taken for the determination of the initial contamination level with the remaining material being refrigerated.
El análisis del nivel de contaminación de la muestra anterior mostró un resultado de 65,740 mg/kg como petróleo crudo, algo más bajo del nivel esperado, sin embargo el petróleo crudo pesadamente intemperizado contiene un elevado porcentaje de asfaltinos y ceras que no deberían detectarse bajo las condiciones analíticas particulares que se utilizaron.The analysis of the level of contamination of the previous sample showed a result of 65,740 mg / kg as crude oil, somewhat lower than the expected level, however, heavily weathered crude oil contains a high percentage of asphalts and waxes that should not be detected under particular analytical conditions that were used.
Se colocó una muestra de 500 gramos del suelo arcilloso contaminado con el petróleo crudo en una mezcladora horizontal de laboratorio y se procedió a mezclar este material por 5 minutos para asegurar la homogenización de la muestra. Se diluyeron 7 mi . de la primer composición de solución catalizadora prevista a 20 mi con agua. Con la mezcladora en funcionamiento, esta solución catalizadora fue atomizada por un periodo de 6 minutos sobre la superficie del material contaminado, seguido por 4 minutos adicionales de mezclado para asegurar el contacto completo. Se diluyeron 14 mi. de la mejor solución de silicato prevista con 14 mis de agua y se adicionaron 0.10 gramos de dioctil sulfosuccinato de sodio, mezclando esto hasta la obtención de una solución clara.A 500 gram sample of the clay soil contaminated with the crude oil was placed in a horizontal laboratory mixer and this material was mixed for 5 minutes to ensure homogenization of the sample. 7 ml were diluted. of the first catalyst solution composition provided at 20 ml with water. With the mixer in operation, this catalyst solution was atomized for a period of 6 minutes on the surface of the contaminated material, followed by an additional 4 minutes of mixing to ensure complete contact. 14 ml were diluted. of the best silicate solution provided with 14 ml of water and 0.10 grams of dioctyl sulphosuccinate sodium were added, mixing this until a clear solution was obtained.
Esta solución de encapsulante diluida fue lentamente atomizada sobre la superficie del material contaminado por un periodo de 6 minutos, mientras la mezcladora estaba en funcionamiento. El material tratado se mezcló por otros 6 minutos para asegurar el contacto completo. Se tomaron dos muestras de material tratado para su análisis mientras que el material remanente fue refrigerado. - Los resultados de estos análisis mostraron un contenido promedio de hidrocarburos calculado como petróleo de 1,334 mg/kg en el material tratado. Aún en estas más difíciles condiciones, el proceso revelado evidenció una reducción del 97.9% en los niveles de contaminación. El material tratado por el proceso revelado fue de color café con una consistencia parecida al suelo suleto sin olor detectable a hidrocarburo, comparado a la muestra de material contaminado no tratado que era de color negro oscuro, con una consistencia pegajosa con tendencia a la formación de grumos y con un olor distintivo de hidrocarburo.This diluted encapsulant solution was slowly sprayed onto the surface of the contaminated material for a period of 6 minutes, while the mixer was in operation. The treated material was mixed for another 6 minutes to ensure complete contact. Two samples of treated material were taken for analysis while the remaining material was refrigerated. - The results of these analyzes showed an average hydrocarbon content calculated as 1,334 mg / kg oil in the treated material. Even in these most difficult conditions, the process revealed evidenced a 97.9% reduction in pollution levels. The material treated by the revealed process was brown in color with a consistency similar to the soil soil without a detectable odor of hydrocarbon, compared to the sample of untreated contaminated material that was dark black, with a sticky consistency with a tendency to form lumps and with a distinctive odor of hydrocarbon.
Para demostrar que el proceso revelado es un procesoreal de microencapsulación y no sólo un proceso de absorción se realizó la siguiente evaluación de longevidad de los materiales tratados por el proceso revelado. La absorción así como la mayoría de los procesos de solidificación y estabilización son considerados como soluciones temporales en la que los contaminantes eventualmente se lixiviarán hacia el ambiente en un periodo de meses hasta varios cientos de años. Más que demostrar un mejoramiento en el orden de magnitud se demuestra claramente que esto es una microencapsulación real con el contaminante completamente encapsulado dentro de la sílica y que el método de microencapsulación revelado da como resultado un proceso de tratamiento permanente.To demonstrate that the revealed process is a microencapsulation process and not only an absorption process, the following longevity evaluation of the materials treated by the revealed process was performed. Absorption as well as most solidification and stabilization processes are considered as temporary solutions in which contaminants will eventually leach into the environment over a period of months to several hundred years. Rather than demonstrating an improvement in the order of magnitude, it is clearly demonstrated that this is a real microencapsulation with the contaminant completely encapsulated within the silica and that the revealed microencapsulation method results in a permanent treatment process.
EJEMPLO 4EXAMPLE 4
Para los siguientes experimentos se utilizó la muestra de la arena contaminada con combustible diesel preparada y tratada en el Ejemplo 1. Estos análisis estuvieron basados en el Método 1320 de la EPA de los Estados Unidos, Procedimiento de Extracción Múltiple (PEM) . Este método de prueba está diseñado para simular la lixiviación que llevaría un material si fuera expuesto a repetidos eventos de precipitación acida. Este método de prueba consiste en 10 eventos secuenciales de lixiviación de 24 horas de duración cada uno, utilizando la misma muestra en todo el proceso. En otras palabras, la muestra está sujeta a la lixiviación por agitación en un ambiente acidificado por un total de 240 horas. Los resultados de cada extracción se muestran en el cuadro No . 1.For the following experiments, the sample of the contaminated sand with diesel fuel prepared and treated in Example 1 was used. These analyzes were based on the US EPA Method 1320, Multiple Extraction Procedure (PEM). This test method is designed to simulate the leaching that a material would carry if it were exposed to repeated acid precipitation events. This test method consists of 10 sequential leaching events of 24 hours each, using the same sample throughout the process. In other words, the sample is subject to leaching by agitation in an acidified environment for a total of 240 hours. The results of each extraction are shown in table No. one.
Los resultados señalados anteriormente se utilizaron para extrapolar los resultados de la lixiviación en el tiempo.The results noted above were used to extrapolate the results of leaching over time.
Utilizándose la siguiente ecuaciónUsing the following equation
Donde mτ = Masa Total del contaminante en la muestra en mg m T0 _ asa Total del contaminante en la muestra en un t=0 Q = Velocidad de Flujo del agua a través de la muestra en L/año S = Cantidad de sólido en kg. V = Cantidad de líquido en la muestra en L k = Coeficiente de Desabsorción = Cs / C]_ Cs = Concentración de hidrocarburo en el líquido en mh/L C]_ = Concentración de hidrocarburo en los sólidos en mg/kgWhere m τ = Total mass of the contaminant in the sample in mg m T0 _ Total handle of the contaminant in the sample at t = 0 Q = Flow rate of water through the sample in L / year S = Amount of solid in kg V = Amount of liquid in the sample in L k = Debsorption coefficient = C s / C] _ C s = Concentration of hydrocarbon in the liquid in mh / LC ] _ = Concentration of hydrocarbon in solids in mg / kg
Tiempo, en añosTime, in years
CUADRO ITABLE I
N.D. No detectable Los resultados de aplicar la ecuación anterior a los resultados del Procedimiento de Extracción Múltiple muestran que el tiempo requerido para liberar el combustible diesel microencapsulado es medido en miles de años y extrapolando el tiempo al punto de la liberación total del combustible diesel muestra que se requerirían más de 100,000 años. Los resultados de este análisis son mostrados en la Figura No. 1, en la forma gráfica para simplificación.ND Not detectable The results of applying the above equation to the results of the Multiple Extraction Procedure show that the time required to release the microencapsulated diesel fuel is measured in thousands of years and extrapolating the time to the point of total diesel fuel release shows that more would be required. 100,000 years old The results of this analysis are shown in Figure No. 1, in the graphic form for simplification.
Es obvio, después de los resultados que el proceso revelado no es una simple absorción o adsorción del contaminante sino una microencapsulación real que requiere muchos años para que el contaminante sea difundido fuera de la encapsulación formada de sílica.It is obvious, after the results that the revealed process is not a simple absorption or adsorption of the contaminant but a real microencapsulation that requires many years for the contaminant to be diffused out of the silica formed encapsulation.
Es también obvio, por los ejemplos revelados que la invención presente proporciona un método económico, efectivo y seguro de microencapsulación permanente de contaminantes emulsificables . Es también evidente por las mejores composiciones previstas descritas que esos materiales son seguros de manejar y utilizar y son ambientales más aceptables que los materiales altamente ácidos o alcalinos de la patente anteriormente mencionada de Noonan y McDowell o los materiales puzolánicos altamente alcalinos de los procesos de estabilización o solidificación.It is also obvious, from the disclosed examples that the present invention provides an economical, effective and safe method of permanent microencapsulation of emulsifiable contaminants. It is also evident from the best described compositions described that these materials are safe to handle and use and are more acceptable environmental than the highly acidic or alkaline materials of the aforementioned Noonan and McDowell patent or the highly alkaline pozzolanic materials of the stabilization processes or solidification.
Debería entenderse que los ejemplos anteriores, mejores métodos, composiciones y procesos son meramente ilustrativos de los principios de la presente invención y que se pueden hacer modificaciones eή los ejemplo dados sin desviarse del espíritu y el alcance de la invención como se definió en las siguientes reivindicaciones. It should be understood that the above examples, better methods, compositions and processes are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention and that modifications can be made to the examples given without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the following claims. .
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU72395/98A AU7239598A (en) | 1997-05-14 | 1998-05-14 | Microencapsulation of dangerous organic contaminants into a soil matrix |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| MX973607 | 1997-05-14 | ||
| MX9703607A MX9703607A (en) | 1997-05-14 | 1997-05-14 | Dangerous organic contaminants micro-encapsulation inside a soil matrix. |
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| PCT/MX1998/000017 Ceased WO1998051422A1 (en) | 1997-05-14 | 1998-05-14 | Microencapsulation of dangerous organic contaminants into a soil matrix |
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| AU (1) | AU7239598A (en) |
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1991005026A1 (en) * | 1989-09-26 | 1991-04-18 | Noonan William R | Oil treatment method |
| WO1991005586A1 (en) * | 1989-10-10 | 1991-05-02 | Wastech, Inc. | Treatment of hazardous waste material |
| JPH04202365A (en) * | 1990-11-29 | 1992-07-23 | Kanegafuchi Chem Ind Co Ltd | Oil absorbing resin composition and method for recovering oil using the same composition |
| WO1994020421A1 (en) * | 1993-03-02 | 1994-09-15 | Institut National De La Recherche Scientifique | Silicone based polymers as spill treating agent |
-
1997
- 1997-05-14 MX MX9703607A patent/MX9703607A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1998
- 1998-05-14 AU AU72395/98A patent/AU7239598A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-05-14 WO PCT/MX1998/000017 patent/WO1998051422A1/en not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1991005026A1 (en) * | 1989-09-26 | 1991-04-18 | Noonan William R | Oil treatment method |
| WO1991005586A1 (en) * | 1989-10-10 | 1991-05-02 | Wastech, Inc. | Treatment of hazardous waste material |
| JPH04202365A (en) * | 1990-11-29 | 1992-07-23 | Kanegafuchi Chem Ind Co Ltd | Oil absorbing resin composition and method for recovering oil using the same composition |
| WO1994020421A1 (en) * | 1993-03-02 | 1994-09-15 | Institut National De La Recherche Scientifique | Silicone based polymers as spill treating agent |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| DATABASE WPI Week 9236, Derwent World Patents Index; AN 1992-295529/36 * |
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| MX9703607A (en) | 1998-11-30 |
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