WO1998046203A1 - Formulations containing surfactants - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to formulations containing surfactants, which can be obtained in a first step by producing a suspension containing one or several long-chained carboxylic acids, one or several compounds of formula: R-O-(C2H4O)n-SO3X, wherein R= C12-18-alkyl, n= 0, 1,2 or 3 and X= a cation, in addition to water. In a second step, said suspension is mixed with a surfactant and a liquid which is insoluble in the formulation containing said surfactant, and/or a solid substance which is insoluble in the formulation containing said surfactant, in addition to water and adjuvants.

Description

Formulations containing surfactants

In the field of hair cosmetics, a stormy development that has not yet been completed has begun in recent years, and new, improved and current products are being offered to consumers. One focus is to develop shampoo formulations that not only guarantee effective cleaning of the hair, but also improve properties such as shine, wet and dry combability, conditioning and depth of color. Furthermore, the shampoo formulations should shorten the drying times to reduce the heat load on the hair when blow-drying and existing hair damage, e.g. Split ends, "repair". Such a conditioning shampoo formulation would be advantageous since the separate purchase and use of shampoo and hair aftertreatment agent would be eliminated. The patent literature contains numerous proposals for realizing such a project, including the use of nonionic and amphoteric surfactants, water-soluble polymers, cationic fatty acid derivatives, water-soluble silicones and emulsions of silicones and other oils. However, there have been few satisfactory solutions to date. One problem is the incompatibility of good cleaning anionic surfactants and cationic fatty acid derivatives as effective conditioning agents. This resulted in other surfactants, e.g. Nonionic, amphoteric and zwitterionic surfactants have been the subject of extensive investigation. Results in the field of conditioning shampoo formulations can be found e.g. in US-A-3,849,348; US-A-3,990,991; US-A-3,822,312.

The use of these surfactants solved the intolerance problem, but left other questions unanswered. In this way, cationic conditioners do not provide the required level of softness. Materials that make the hair appear supple and soft are both soluble and insoluble silicones. Silicones in shampoo formulations have been described in a variety of patents, such as US-A-2,826,551; US-A-3,964,500; US-A-4,364,837; US-A-3,957,970; EP-A-0,095,238; GB-A-0.849.433.

Commonly used conditioning agents are soluble or cationic silicones. However, these products have significant disadvantages, since the soluble silicone derivatives have insufficient conditioning properties (deficient deposit on the hair from the solution), while the cationic types are again incompatible with the anionic surfactants and form ineffective complexes.

Insoluble silicones, such as those suggested by H.C. Green in U.S. Patent A-2,826,551, often cannot be incorporated into shampoo formulations. The problem here is the generation of a suspension of the finely divided, insoluble polymers, which should be stable over a longer period of time. A variety of compounds have been added to the silicone-containing formulations to effect thickening and stabilization. The most successful procedure to date is disclosed in EP 0.181, 773, where the use of long-chain acyl derivatives enables the formation of stable formulations which contain insoluble silicones.

The task was to develop additives which stably suspend both insoluble liquid and insoluble solid substances in surfactant formulations. These additives should create suitable physical barriers to fix solid particles and drops of liquid in the shampoo. So far there have been difficulties when solids should be suspended in a stable manner without unnecessarily increasing the viscosity of the formulation in question (cf. EP 034 846-A). Formulations containing surfactants are already known from EP-A-0 555 690 and EP-A-0 555 691 which, in addition to a surfactant and a silicone, also contain a fatty acid as pearlescent agent or a mixture of fatty acid and fatty alcohol. These formulations are prepared by successively stirring the surfactant, fatty acid and silicone into water with heating. It has now been found that it is unnecessary to heat all of the components necessary for these formulations. Rather, it is sufficient if an aqueous suspension of the fatty acid is prepared with the aid of part of the required surfactants while heating. The final formulation can then be made by simply mixing this suspension with the remaining components at room temperature. In this way, the energy consumption required can be minimized.

The invention relates to surfactant-containing formulations which are obtained by, in a first step, a suspension of 5 to 30% by weight of one or more long-chain carboxylic acids and / or their salts, 1 to 50% by weight of one or more compounds of the formula

R-0- (C ₂ H ₄ 0) _n -S0 ₃ X wherein

RC ₁₂ to C ₁₈ alkyl n 0, 1, 2 or 3 and

X is a cation, and

Water ad 100% by weight

manufactures and in a second step

0.5 to 50, preferably 2 to 7% by weight of this suspension with 1 to 70% by weight of a surfactant, 0.01 to 10% by weight of a liquid which is insoluble in the surfactant-containing formulation and / or 0.02 to 10% by weight of an insoluble in the surfactant-containing formulation

Solids, and water and auxiliaries mixed to 100 wt .-%. The suspension contains long-chain carboxylic acids, in particular C ₈ -C ₂₂ carboxylic acids, preferably behenic acid or its alkali or alkaline earth metal salts. These carboxylic acids are insoluble in the surfactant-containing formulation and serve as pearlescent agents. On the other hand, the suspension contains fatty alcohol ether sulfates of the formula given, where X is preferably a

Alkalimetallioπ or an ammonium ion means. This suspension as a whole is in liquid form, but the carboxylic acids it contains are solid.

The suspension is preferably prepared in such a way that water and alkyl ether sulfate are heated to 70-90 ° C. The homogeneously melted carboxylic acid is introduced into this mixture with stirring at 70-90 ° C. After cooling, the suspension is obtained in the form of a milky, thin, liquid solution.

The suspension can be easily cold worked into the surfactant-containing formulations according to the invention and is used in the preparation of the inventive

Formulations preferably added as the last component at room temperature with stirring. However, it is also possible to incorporate the suspension into the surfactant-containing formulation with heating, for example at 70-90 ° C.

It has also proven to be advantageous if the surfactant-containing formulations according to the invention are pumped through a homogenizer or other suitable high-speed mixing devices. This can be done at room temperature or at elevated temperatures, for example at 70 to 90 ° C. After cooling, stable formulations are obtained which also have excellent pearlescence after 1 to 5 days.

The homogenizer is used in particular to effectively disperse the insoluble liquids, preferably an average particle size of approximately 100 μm and less, preferably approximately 10 μm and less. The long-chain carboxylic acids and / or their salts crystallize in the cooling phase, an average particle size of approximately 100 μm and less, preferably approximately 10 μm and less, being advantageously set. The surfactants contained in the surfactant-containing formulations according to the invention can be anionic, nonionic, cationic and / or amphoteric surfactants.

Suitable anionic surfactants are sulfonates, sulfates, carboxylates, phosphates and mixtures of the compounds mentioned. Suitable cations are alkali metals, e.g. Sodium or potassium or alkaline earth metals, e.g. Calcium or magnesium and ammonium, substituted ammonium compounds, including mono-, di- or triethanolammonium cations and mixtures of the cations. The following types of anionic surfactants are of particular interest:

Alkyl ester sulfonates, alkyl sulfates, alkyl ether sulfates, alkyl benzene sulfonates, secondary alkane sulfonates, soaps as described below.

Alkyl ester sulfonates include linear esters of C ₈ -C ₂₀ carboxylic acids (ie fatty acids) which are sulfonated using gaseous SO ₃ , as described in "The Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society" 52 (1975), pp. 323-329. Suitable starting materials are natural fats such as tallow, palm oil or coconut oil, but can also be synthetic in nature. Preferred alkyl ^{ester sulfonates} , especially for detergent ^applications , are compounds of the ^formula R ^{1 -CH} -COOR

S0 _{3 s}

wherein R _{1 is} a C ₈ -C ₂₀ hydrocarbon radical, preferably alkyl and R is a C _r C ₆ hydrocarbon radical, preferably alkyl. M stands for a cation that forms a water-soluble salt with the alkyl ester sulfonate. Suitable cations are sodium, potassium, lithium or ammonium cations, such as monoethanolamine, diethanolamine and triethanolamine. R ^{1 is} preferably C ₁₀ -C ₁₆ alkyl and R is methyl, ethyl or isopropyl. Methyl ester sulfonates in which R ^{1 is} C ₁₀ -C ₁₆ alkyl are particularly preferred.

Alkyl sulfates here are water-soluble salts or acids of the formula ROS0 ₃ M, where R is preferably a C ₁₀ -C ₂₄ -hydrocarbon radical, preferably C ₁₀ -C ₂₀ -alkyl or Hydroxyalkyl, particularly preferably C ₁₂ -C ₁₈ alkyl or hydroxyalkyl. M is hydrogen or a cation, for example an alkali metal cation (for example sodium, potassium, lithium), ammonium or substituted ammonium for example methyl, dimethyl and trimethylammonium cations and quaternary ammonium cations such as tetramethylammonium and dimethylpiperidinium cations and quaternary ammonium cations derived from alkylamines such as ethylamine Diethyiamine, triethylamine and mixtures thereof. Alkyl chains with C ₁₂ -C ₁₆ are preferred for low washing temperatures (eg below approx. 50 ° C) and alkyl chains with C ₁₆ -C ₁₈ for higher washing temperatures (eg above approx. 50 ° C).

Alkyl ether sulfates are water-soluble salts or acids of the formula RO (A) _m S0 ₃ M, in which R is an unsubstituted C ₁₀ -C ₂₄ alkyl or hydroxyalkyl radical, preferably a C ₁₂ -C ₂₀ alkyl or hydroxyalkyl radical, particularly preferably C ₁₂ -C _{18 represents} alkyl or hydroxyalkyl. A is an ethoxy or propoxy unit, m is a number greater than 0, preferably between approximately 0.5 and approximately 6, particularly preferably between approximately 0.5 and approximately 3, and M is a hydrogen atom or a cation such as, for example Sodium, potassium, lithium, calcium, magnesium, ammonium or a substituted ammonium cation. Specific examples of substituted ammonium cations are methyl, dimethyl, trimethylammoπium and quaternary ammonium cations such as tetramethylammonium and dimethylpiperidinium cations, as well as those derived from alkylamines such as ethylamine, diethyiamine, triethylamine, mixtures thereof. Examples include C ₁₂ -C ₁₈ fatty alcohol ether sulfates, the ethylene oxide content being 1, 2, 2.5, 3 or 4 moles per mole of fatty alcohol ether sulfate, and in which M is sodium or potassium.

In secondary alkanesulfonates, the alkyl group can be either saturated or unsaturated, branched or linear and optionally substituted with a hydroxyl group. The sulfo group can take any position on the entire C chain, the primary methyl groups at the beginning and end of the chain having no sulfo groups. The preferred secondary

Alkanesulfonates contain linear alkyl chains with about 9 to 25 carbon atoms, preferably from about 10 to about 20 carbon atoms and particularly preferably about 13 to 17 carbon atoms. The cation is, for example, sodium, potassium, ammonium, Mono-, di- or triethanolammonium, calcium or magnesium are preferred.

Other suitable anionic surfactants are alkenyl or alkylbenzenesulfonates. The alkenyl or alkyl group can be branched or linear and optionally substituted with a hydroxyl group. The preferred alkylbenzenesulfonates contain linear alkyl chains with about 9 to 25 carbon atoms, preferably from about 10 to about 13 carbon atoms, the cation is sodium, potassium, ammonium, mono-, di- or triethanolammonium, calcium or magnesium and mixtures thereof. Magnesium is preferred as the cation for mild surfactant systems, while sodium is preferred for standard washing applications. The same applies to alkenylbenzenesulfonates

The term anionic surfactants also includes olefin sulfonates which are obtained by sulfonating C ₁₂ -C ₂₄ , preferably C ₁ -C ₁₆ olefins with sulfur trioxide and subsequent neutralization. Due to the manufacturing process, these olefin sulfonates can contain smaller amounts of hydroxyalkanesulfonates and alkane disulfonates. Specific mixtures of olefin sulfonates are described in US 3,332,880.

Other preferred anionic surfactants are carboxylates, e.g. Fatty acid soaps and comparable surfactants. The soaps can be saturated or unsaturated and can contain various substituents such as hydroxyl groups or sulfonate groups. Linear saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon radicals are preferred as a proportion with approximately 6 to approximately 30, preferably approximately 10 to approximately 18, carbon atoms.

Other suitable anionic surfactants are salts of acylaminocarboxylic acids, the acyl sarcosinates formed in the alkaline medium by reaction of fatty acid chlorides with sodium sarcosinate; Fatty acid-protein condensation products obtained by reacting fatty acid chlorides with oligopeptides; Salts of alkyl sulfamidocarboxylic acids, salts of alkyl and alkylaryl ether carboxylic acids; C ₈ -C ₂₄ olefin sulfonates, sulfonated polycarboxylic acids, prepared by sulfonation of the pyrolysis products of Alkaline earth metal citrates, as described, for example, in GB-1, 082,179; Alkylglycerol, fatty acyl Alkylpheπolethersulfate, primary paraffin sulfonates, alkyl phosphates, alkyl ether phosphates, isethionates such as the acyl isethionates, N-acyl taurides, alkyl succinates, sulfosuccinates, Monoester of sulfosuccinates (especially saturated and unsaturated C ₁₂ -C ₁₈ monoesters) and diesters of sulfosuccinates (especially saturated and unsaturated C ₁₂ -C ₁₈ diesters), acyisarcosinates, sulfates of alkyl polysaccharides such as sulfates of alkyl polyglycosides, branched primary alkyl sulfates and alkyl polyethoxy carboxylates such as those of the formula RO (CH ₂ CH ₂ ) _k CH ₂ COO-M ⁺ , where RC ₈ -C ₂₂ -Alkyl, k is a number from 0 to 10 and M is a cation, resin acids or hydrogenated resin acids, such as rosin or hydrogenated rosin or tall oil resins and tall oil resin acids. Further examples are described in "Surface Active Agents and Detergents" (Vol. I and II, Schwartz, Perry and Berch).

The following types are suitable as nonionic surfactants:

Polyethylene, polypropylene and polybutylene oxide condensates of alkylphenols.

These compounds include the condensation products of alkylphenols with a C ₆ -C ₂₀ alkyl group, which can either be linear or branched, with

Alkene oxides. Compounds with about 5 to 25 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alkylphenol are preferred. Commercially available surfactants of this type are e.g. Igepal® CO-630, Triton® X-45, X-114, X-100 and X102, and the ®Arkopal-N brands from Clariant GmbH.

Condensation products of aliphatic alcohols with approx. 1 to approx. 25 mol ethylene oxide.

The alkyl chain of the aliphatic alcohols can be linear or branched, primary or secondary, and generally contains from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms. The condensation products of C ₁₀ -C ₂₀ alcohols are particularly preferred, with about 2 to about 18 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol. The alkyl chain can be saturated or unsaturated. The alcohol ethoxylates can have a narrow ("narrow range ethoxylates") or a wide homogeneous distribution of the ethylene oxide ("Broad Range Ethoxylates "). Examples of commercially available nonionic surfactants of this type are Teritol® 15-S-9 (condensation product of a C _{ι r} C ₁₅ linear secondary alcohol with 9 mol ethylene oxide), Tergitol® 24-L-NMW (condensation product of a C ₁₂ -C ₁₄ linear primary alcohol with 6 mol ethylene oxide with a narrow molecular weight distribution. The Genapol® brands from Clariant GmbH also fall under this product class.

Condensation products of ethylene oxide with a hydrophobic base, formed by the condensation of propylene oxide with propylene glycol.

The hydrophobic part of these compounds preferably has a molecular weight between approximately 1500 and approximately 1800. The addition of ethylene oxide to this hydrophobic part leads to an improvement in water solubility. The product is liquid up to a polyoxyethylene content of approx. 50% of the total weight of the condensation product, which means condensation with up to approx. 40 mol

Corresponds to ethylene oxide. Commercially available examples of this product class are the Pluronic® brands from BASF and the © Genapol PF brands from Clariant GmbH.

Condensation product of ethylene oxide with a reaction product of propylene oxide and ethylenediamine.

The hydrophobic unit of these compounds consists of the reaction product of ethylenediamine with excess propylene oxide and generally has a molecular weight of approximately 2500 to approximately 3000. Ethylene oxide is added to this hydrophobic unit until the product has a content of approximately 40 to approximately 80% by weight of polyoxyethylene and a molecular weight of approximately 5000 to approximately 11000. Commercially available examples of this class of compounds are the ®Tetronic brands from BASF and the © Genapol PN brands from Clariant GmbH. Semipolar nonionic surfactants

This particular category of nonionic compounds includes water-soluble amine oxides, water-soluble phosphine oxides and water-soluble sulfoxides each having an alkyl radical of from about 10 to about 18 carbon atoms. Semipolar nonionic surfactants are also amine oxides of the formula

O

T,

R (OR), N (R ¹ )

R here is an alkyl, hydroxyalkyl or alkylphenyl group each with about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms, R ² is an alkylene or hydroxyalkylene group with about 2 to 3 carbon atoms or mixtures thereof, each radical R ¹ is an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl group with about 1 to about 3 carbon atoms or a polyethylene oxide group with about 1 to about 3 ethylene oxide units. The R ¹ groups can be connected to one another via an oxygen or nitrogen atom and thus form a ring. Amine oxides of this type are in particular C ₁₀ -C ₁₈ alkyldimethylamine oxides and C ₈ -C ₁₂ alkoxyethyl-dihydroxyethylamine oxides.

Fatty acid amides

Fatty acid amides have the formula

RN (R ¹ )

wherein R is an alkyl group with about 7 to about 21, preferably about 9 to about 17 carbon atoms and each R ^{1 is} hydrogen, C _r C ₄ alkyl, C _r C ₄ - hydroxyalkyl or (C ₂ H ₄ 0 ) _x means H, where x varies from approx. 1 to approx. 3. C ₈ -C ₂₀ amides, monoethanolamides, diethanolamides and isopropanolamides are preferred. Other suitable non-ionic surfactants are in particular alkyl and alkenyl oligoglycosides and fatty acid polyglycol esters or fatty amine polyglycol esters each having 8 to 20, preferably 12 to 18 carbon atoms in the fatty alkyl radical, alkoxylated triglycamides, mixed ethers or mixed formals, fatty acid N-alkyl glucamides, protein hydrolyzates, phosphine oxides or dialkyl sulfoxides.

Typical examples of amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactants are alkyl betaines, alkylamide betaines, aminopropionates, aminoglycinates, or amphoteric imdiazolinium compounds of the formula R ³

wherein R ^{1 is} C ₈ -C ₂₂ alkyl or alkenyl, R ^{2 is} hydrogen or CH ₂ C0 ₂ M, R ³

CH ₂ CH ₂ OH or CH ₂ CH ₂ OCH ₂ CH ₂ COOM, R ⁴ hydrogen, CH ₂ CH ₂ OH or CH ₂ CH ₂ COOM, Z C0 ₂ M or CH ₂ C0 ₂ M, n 2 or 3, preferably 2 , M means hydrogen or a cation such as alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonia or alkanolammonium.

Preferred amphoteric surfactants of this formula are monocarboxylates and dicarboxylates. Examples include cocoamphocarboxypropionate, cocoamidocarboxypropionic acid, cocoamphocarboxyglycinate (also known as cocoamphodiacetate) and cocoamphoacetate.

Further preferred amphoteric surfactants are alkyldimethylbetaine and alkyldipolyethoxybetaines with an alkyl radical, which can be linear or branched, with about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms, preferably with 8 to 18 carbon atoms and particularly preferably with about 12 to about 18 carbon atoms. These connections are e.g. marketed by Clariant GmbH under the trade name © Genagen LAB.

eingesetzt, worinQuaternary ammonium salts of the type are used as cationic surfactants

used where

R ¹ ~ C ₈ -C ₂ n- or iso-alkyl, preferably C ₁₀ -C ₁₈ n-alkyl

R ² = C _r C ₄ alkyl, preferably methyl

R ³ = R ¹ or R ²

RR ⁴ = R ² or hydroxyethyl or hydroxypropyl or their

Oiigomere X ^" = a suitable anion

are.

Examples of these are distearyldimethylammonium chloride, ditalgalkyldimethylammonium chloride, ditalgalkylmethylhydroxypropylammonium chloride, cetyltrimethylammonium chloride or the corresponding benzyl derivatives such as dodecyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride. Cyclic quaternary ammonium salts such as alkyl morpholine derivatives can also be used.

In addition to the quaternary ammonium compounds, imidazolinium compounds (1) and imidazoline derivatives (2) can be used.

H ₃ C-Nξ ΓΛN-CH ₂ -CH, -AR d) C

I x-

worin

wherein

R = C ₈ -C ₂ ^π_ _> ^Dzw - iso-alkyl, preferably C ₁₀ -C ₁₈ n-alkyl

X = bromide, chloride, iodide, methosulfate

A = -NH-CO-, -CO-NH-, -O-CO-, -CO-O-

is.

Other suitable cationic surfactants are the so-called esterquats. These are reaction products of alkanolamines and fatty acids, which are then quaternized with customary alkylation or hydroxyalkylation agents.

Preferred alkanolamines are compounds according to the formula

R ²

«I

R ^ N

with R ¹ = C _r C ₃ hydroxyalkyl, preferably hydroxyethyl and R ² , R3 = independently of one another R ¹ or C _r C ₃ alkyl, preferred

Methyl.

Triethanolamine and methyldiethanolamine are particularly preferred.

Other particularly preferred starting materials for ester quats are aminoglycerol derivatives, such as. B. Dimethylaminopropanediol.

Alkylation or hydroxyalkylation agents are alkyl halides, preferably methyl chloride, dimethyl sulfate, ethylene oxide and propylene oxide.

Examples of ester quats are compounds of the formulas: 0

R - C - (OCH ₂ CH ₂ ) _n OCH ₂ CH ₂

\ CH,

N € _{C |} 0

0

/ \

RC- - (OCH ₂ CH ₂ ) _n O-CH ₂ C CH

R ° C_ (OCH ₂ CH ₂ ) _n O-CH ₂ CH CH ₂ CH ₂ 0 (CH ₂ CH ₂ 0) - ° CR o ® ^y ιι / \

RC - (OCH ₂ CH ₂ ) OC ^ CH, ^/ _C H CH ₃ -0-S0 ₃ ^Θ

where RC-0 is derived from C ₈ -C ₂₄ fatty acids, which can be saturated or unsaturated. Examples include caproic acid, caprylic acid, hydrogenated or not or only partially hydrogenated tallow fatty acids, stearic acid, oleic acid, linolenic acid, behenic acid, palminstearic acid, myristic acid and elaidic acid. n is in the range from 0 to 10, preferably 0 to 3, particularly preferably 0 to 1.

Depending on the intended use, the formulations according to the invention contain, in addition to the surfactants mentioned, the active compounds and the specific auxiliaries and additives.

The liquid active substance contained in the surfactant-containing formulations according to the invention is preferably non-volatile, liquid silicone. This can be either a polyalkylsiloxane, a polyarylsiloxane, a polyalkylarylsiloxane or a polyether siloxane copolymer and is used in one Amount of about 0.1% to about 10.0%, preferably used in an amount of about 0.5% to about 5.0%. Mixtures of these liquids can also be used and are also advantageous for certain applications. The dispersed silicone particles should be insoluble in the shampoo matrix. The most important non-volatile polyalkylsiloxanes that can be used are, for example

Polydimethylsiloxanes with viscosities from about 5 to about 600,000 centistokes, preferably from 350 to about 100,000 centistokes, at 25 ° C. A suitable, substantially non-volatile polyether siloxane is e.g. a dimethylpolysiloxane modified with polypropylene oxide. Adducts with ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide can also be used.

Suitable silicones are described for example in US 2,826,551, US 3,946,500, US 4,364,837 and in GB 849,433.

Silicone gum can also be used according to the invention. Silicone gums are described in US-4, 152,416. Suitable silicone gums are also described in the product data sheets SE 30, SE 33, SE 54 and SE 76 from General Electric. "Silicon Gum" means high molecular weight polydiorganosiloxanes with a molecular weight of approx. 200,000 to 1,000,000. Specific examples are polydimethylsiloxane, (polydimethylsiloxane) (methylvinylsiloxane) copolymer, poly (dimethylsiloxane) (diphenyl) (methylvinylsiloxane) copolymer and their mixtures; Mixtures of silicone fluids and silicone gums are also suitable.

Another active ingredient that can be contained in the formulations are solid antidandruff agents. For example, sulfur, selenium sulfide, salicylic acid, zinc pyrithione and 1-hydroxy pyridones, as described in US Pat. No. 4,185,106, are suitable for this purpose. Zinc pyrithione is preferred, especially in the form of flat, platelet-like salt crystals.

The surfactant-containing formulations according to the invention can be present quite generally as cosmetic or pharmaceutical formulations and, depending on their special purpose, can contain other suitable and customary auxiliaries such as for example, superfatting agents, thickeners, moisturizers, biogenic agents, film formers, conditioners, pearlescent agents, preservatives, perfumes or dyes. The formulations according to the invention are preferably hair shampoos which, as further auxiliaries and additives, can contain emulsifiers such as, for example, alkoxylated fatty alcohols or sorbitan esters.

Substances such as polyoxethylated lanolin derivatives, lecithin derivatives and fatty acid alkanoiamides can be used as superfatting agents, the latter simultaneously serving as foam stabilizers.

Suitable thickeners are, for example, polysaccharides, in particular xanthan gum, guar, agar agar, alginates and tyloses, carboxymethyl cellulose and hydroxyethyl cellulose, furthermore higher molecular weight polyethylene glycol mono- and diesters of fatty acids, polyacrylates, polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl pyrrolidone and electrolytes such as sodium chloride and ammonium chloride.

Biogenic active substances are understood to mean, for example, plant extracts and vitamin complexes.

Common film formers are, for example, chitosan, microcrystalline chitosan, quaternized chitosan, polyvinylpyrrolidone, vinylpyrrolidone-vinyl acetate copolymers, polymers of the acrylic acid series, quaternary cellulose derivatives and similar compounds.

Suitable preservatives are, for example, phenoxyethanol, formaldehyde solution, parabens, pentadiol or sorbic acid.

Examples of additional pearlescent agents include glycol distearic acid esters such as ethylene glycol distearate, but also fatty acid monoglycol esters.

The dyes which can be used are the substances which are suitable and approved for cosmetic purposes, such as those described in the publication "Cosmetic Dyes" by the German Dye Commission

Research Foundation, published by Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, 1984, pp. 81 to 106. These dyes are commonly used in

Concentrations of 0.001 to 0.1 wt .-%, based on the total mixture used.

The total proportion of auxiliaries and additives can be 1 to 50, preferably 5 to

40% by weight, based on the surfactant-containing formulation.

Examples

A number of specific formulations according to the invention are given below. All percentages are percentages by weight. The one used

Suspension consists of 14% behenic acid and

12% © Genapol LRO

4% © Hostapon SCID and

70% water

The suspension was prepared as described above. In addition to the components specified in the respective examples, the formulations also contain perfume oil, preservatives, dye solution and water ad 100% by weight of the formulation.

Example 1: ®Genagen CAB 60.0%

®Genamin DSAC 4.0%

®Genamin CTAC 7.0%

®Belsil DM 350 1.0%

Suspension 5%

Instead of Belsil DM 350, it is also possible, for example, to use dimethylpolysiloxanes (Dow Chemical Co.) such as DC-1248 or DC-200 fluid. Example 2:

Genapol LRO fl.34.0%

®Medialan LD 8.0%

Belsil DM 350 1.0%

Suspension 5%

Polymer JR 400 0.1%

®Euxyl K 400 0.05%

®Emulsogen LP 2.0%

Example 3:

®Genapol LRO fl.34.0%

®Medialan LD 8.0%

®Belsil DM 350 1.0%

Suspension 5%

Tylose H10,000 1, 2%

Euxyl K 400 0.05%

®Hostacerin DGL 2.0%

Genapol L3 2.0%

Cetyl alcohol 0.5%

Example 4:

Genapol CRT 40.37.5%

Cocamide MEA 1.5%

Suspension 5%

Dimethicon DC-200 2.0%

Citric acid 0.6%

Example 5:

Genapol ZRO liquid 20.0%

Genapol CRT 40 19.0%

Cocamide MEA 1.5%

Suspension 5%

Dimethicon DC-200 2.0% Citric acid 0.6%

Example 6:

Genapol LRO liquid 55.0%

Suspension 5.0%

Dimethicon DC-200 2.0%

Citric acid 0.6%

Zinc pyridineethione (ZPT) 2.0%

List of commercial products used:

Genagen CAB alkylamidopropylbetaine (approx. 30% WAS) Genamin DSAC distearyldimethylammonium chloride (approx. 30% WAS) Genapol LRO liquid C ₁₂ / C ₁₈ alkyl diglycol ether sulfate sodium salt (approx. 27%

WHAT)

Medialan LD fatty acid sarcoside sodium salt (approx. 30% WAS) genamine CPAC cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (approx. 29%) Belsil DM 350 polysiioxane (Wacker Chemie) polymer JR 400 quaternary hydroxyethyl cellulose (Union Carbide) Euxyl K 400 dibromodicyanobutane (Schulke & Mayr) emulsogen glycol fatty alcohol Tylose H 10000 hydroxyethylcellulose Hostacerin DGL ethoxylated polyglycerol fatty acid Genapol L3 fatty alcohol polyglycol ether Genapol CRT 40 C ₁₂ / C ₁₄ alkyl sulfate TEA salt dimethyl DC-200 Polysiioxan dimethicone DC-200 Polysiioxan Genapol ZRO Alkyltriglykolethersulfat sodium salt Hostapon SCID Cocosfettsäureisothionat sodium salt cocamide MEA coconut fatty acid monoethanolamide Genamin CTAC cetyltrimethylammonium

Claims

claims 1. Formulations containing surfactants, obtained by suspending in a first step 5 to 30% by weight of one or more long-chain carboxylic acids and / or their salts, 1 to 50% by weight of one or more compounds of the formula R-0- (C ₂ H ₄ 0) _n -S0 ₃ X wherein RC ₁₂ to C ₁₈ alkyl n 0, 1, 2 or 3 and X is a cation, and Water ad 100% by weight manufactures and in a second step 0.5 to 50% by weight of this suspension with 1 to 70% by weight of a surfactant, 0.01 to 10% by weight of a liquid insoluble in the surfactant-containing formulation and / or 0.02 to 10% by weight of a solid insoluble in the surfactant-containing formulation, and water and auxiliaries mixed to 100% by weight. 2. Surfactant-containing formulations according to claim 1, characterized in that the long-chain carboxylic acids and / or their salts in the suspension are behenic acid and / or behenic acid salts. 3. surfactant-containing formulations according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the suspension contains an ether sulfate of the formula given, wherein n = 2. 4. surfactant-containing formulations according to one or more of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the suspension contains an ether sulfate of the formula given, wherein X is sodium or potassium. 5. Formulations containing surfactants according to one or more of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the suspension contains 10 to 20% by weight of behenic acid. 6. surfactant-containing formulations according to one or more of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the suspension contains up to 10 wt .-% of polyhydric C ₂ - to C ₈ alcohols, preferably ethylene glycol, propylene glycol and / or glycerin. 7. Formulations containing surfactants according to one or more of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that they contain a silicone derivative as the insoluble liquid. 8. surfactant-containing formulations according to claim 7, characterized in that the silicone derivative is a polydimethylsiloxane with viscosities (at 25 ° C) between 5 to 100000 mrrrV ¹ (Centistoke) or a dimethylsiloxane modified with polypropylene oxide. 9. Formulations containing surfactants according to one or more of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that they contain zinc pyridineethione (ZPT) as an insoluble solid. 10. Formulations containing surfactant according to one or more of Claims 1 to 9, characterized in that they contain 2 to 7 wt .-% of the suspension. 11. Formulations containing surfactant according to one or more of Claims 1 to 10, characterized in that they have a pH of 2 to 8, preferably 2 to 4. 12. Formulations containing surfactant according to one or more of Claims 1 to 11, characterized in that they contain betaine as the surfactant.