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WO1998043442A1 - Generation d'images a points de vue multiples - Google Patents

Generation d'images a points de vue multiples Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1998043442A1
WO1998043442A1 PCT/IB1998/000127 IB9800127W WO9843442A1 WO 1998043442 A1 WO1998043442 A1 WO 1998043442A1 IB 9800127 W IB9800127 W IB 9800127W WO 9843442 A1 WO9843442 A1 WO 9843442A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
image
segment
segments
translations
images
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/IB1998/000127
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Karl Joseph Wood
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Koninklijke Philips NV
Philips AB
Philips Norden AB
Original Assignee
Koninklijke Philips Electronics NV
Philips AB
Philips Norden AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Koninklijke Philips Electronics NV, Philips AB, Philips Norden AB filed Critical Koninklijke Philips Electronics NV
Publication of WO1998043442A1 publication Critical patent/WO1998043442A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T15/00—3D [Three Dimensional] image rendering
    • G06T15/10—Geometric effects
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
    • H04N13/10—Processing, recording or transmission of stereoscopic or multi-view image signals
    • H04N13/106—Processing image signals
    • H04N13/122—Improving the 3D impression of stereoscopic images by modifying image signal contents, e.g. by filtering or adding monoscopic depth cues
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
    • H04N13/20—Image signal generators
    • H04N13/275—Image signal generators from 3D object models, e.g. computer-generated stereoscopic image signals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
    • H04N13/10—Processing, recording or transmission of stereoscopic or multi-view image signals
    • H04N13/106—Processing image signals
    • H04N13/15—Processing image signals for colour aspects of image signals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
    • H04N13/10—Processing, recording or transmission of stereoscopic or multi-view image signals
    • H04N13/189—Recording image signals; Reproducing recorded image signals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
    • H04N13/20—Image signal generators
    • H04N13/286—Image signal generators having separate monoscopic and stereoscopic modes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
    • H04N13/30—Image reproducers
    • H04N13/302—Image reproducers for viewing without the aid of special glasses, i.e. using autostereoscopic displays
    • H04N13/305—Image reproducers for viewing without the aid of special glasses, i.e. using autostereoscopic displays using lenticular lenses, e.g. arrangements of cylindrical lenses
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
    • H04N13/30—Image reproducers
    • H04N13/332—Displays for viewing with the aid of special glasses or head-mounted displays [HMD]
    • H04N13/344—Displays for viewing with the aid of special glasses or head-mounted displays [HMD] with head-mounted left-right displays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
    • H04N13/30—Image reproducers
    • H04N13/349—Multi-view displays for displaying three or more geometrical viewpoints without viewer tracking
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
    • H04N13/30—Image reproducers
    • H04N13/398—Synchronisation thereof; Control thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/50—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding
    • H04N19/597—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding specially adapted for multi-view video sequence encoding

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to image generation methods and apparatuses, and in particular to the generation of matched pairs or groups of images for stereoscopic or multiple viewpoint display.
  • Stereoscopy in three-dimensional (3-D) graphics refers to techniques for delivering different but correlated images to the left and right eyes in order to stimulate the perception of depth: a number of such techniques are described in "Computer Graphics: Principles and Practice” by James D. Foley et al, 2nd Edition, published by Addison-Wesley 1990, ISBN 0-201-12110-7 at pages 915 to 917.
  • one 3-D graphics renderer generates the image for the left eye and another generates the image for the right eye. These images might then be fed to a Head Mounted Display or similar stereoscopic display device.
  • a multi-pass image compositor may be modified to execute the above method.
  • An example of such a multi-pass image compositor is described in "Talisman: Commodity Real-Time 3-D Graphics for the PC", Computer Graphics Proceedings, Annual Conference Series 1996, pp 353-363.
  • Such compositors render a 2-D view of a 3-D environment by first identifying individual objects appearing in the environment, then rendering separate 2-D images of each object (which separate images are generally referred to herein as segments) before compositing the segments into a single output image.
  • An advantage of such an arrangement is flexibility in that individual segments can be updated as frequently or as rarely as necessary: for example, background or inanimate objects may require little modification over a series of frames, whilst animated characters may substantially alter each frame.
  • multi-pass image compositors allow for segments to be manipulated, for example by translation, rotation or scaling, between frames (which frames are then re-composited for display).
  • an image processing apparatus for generating a stereo pair of two- dimensional (2-D) images of objects made up of a plurality of image primitives in three-dimensional (3-D) object space, the first and second images being from respective predetermined viewpoints within the object space
  • the apparatus comprising: a source of primitive data defining the primitives making up objects within the object space; object processing means coupled to receive primitive data from said source, and arranged to identify primitives corresponding to individual objects within the object space, and to render a respective 2-D image segment for each object, to form a first image segment set; segment compositor means coupled to receive said first image segment set from said object processing means, operable to apply predetermined translations to respective ones of said image segments of said first set, and arranged to composite said first image from said first image segment set; characterised in that the apparatus further comprises shift processing means coupled to receive data defining respective locations within the object space of the primitives of said first image segment set from said object processing means, and arranged to determine a
  • the second image for a stereoscopic pair is created.
  • This second image does not suffer from the prior art problems of gaps appearing due to the parallax effect, since each segment has been rendered complete, and the degree to which one object obscures another is not considered until compositing takes place.
  • the predetermined depth value used in determination of the respective translations is suitably a perspected depth value derived from the inter-ocular spacing of the first and second viewpoints.
  • modification may be applied to either or both of the inter- ocular spacing and perspected depth value in order to generate a variety of defocussing effects or to enable adjustment of the system for individual users.
  • segments may be rendered by the object processor as a series of tiles (for example 32x32 pixel blocks) which are assembled by the compositor to the complete segments before these segments are in turn composited to form an output image.
  • the present invention is not limited to stereoscopic image pairs, and may be used to generate any number of offset image viewpoints, for example for display by autostereoscopic screen. In such circumstances, however, a trade-off has to be made between the desired refresh rate per viewpoint and the number of times the necessary shifts have to be applied to the segments per frame.
  • Figure 1 schematically illustrates the handling of image objects as separately rendered planar segments
  • FIG. 2 is a block schematic diagram of an image processing display device embodying the invention.
  • Figure 1 shows a view of a three-dimensional environment having a back plane E in front of which are four objects (characters A to C and tree D) at respective locations within the 3-D object world.
  • Each of the objects A to D is shown bounded by a rectangular box (dashed outline) which boxes represent the boundary of respective image segments per object.
  • the generation of the output image comprises the steps of identifying the image primitives making up each of the objects, separately rendering each (and also background image E) as respective image segments, which segments are subsequently composited to form the final image.
  • the composition step handles the occlusion of one object by another, such as character C being partially hidden behind the tree D, as well as taking contributions from occluded image areas when it is determined that the area of the occluding segment is transparent.
  • transparent parts of a segment will tend to arise from the selection of rectangular bounding boxes for the segments, which are easier to handle than segments having irregular outlines which more closely follow the periphery of the respective object.
  • the lower part of Figure 1 is a schematic plan view of the above scene showing the assignment of depth values to each of the rendered two- dimensional image segments A,B,C,D, the back plane depth value Z E , and the perspected depth Z F , representing the depth of focus of an observer and with which the rendered segment B is coincident in this example.
  • This lower plan view shows the parallax effect which, in prior systems, leads to the appearance of gaps in one or both of the images generated for a stereo pair.
  • V., and V 2 represent the two viewpoints from which the respective images of the stereo pair are generated with line 10 indicating the position of the screen on which the viewer sees the two-dimensional transformed version of the 3-D environment.
  • gaps may arise where, for example, the image for the left eye from viewpoint V., is initially rendered and then horizontal offsets are applied to the portions of that rendered image to create the view from the right eye viewpoint V 2 .
  • this problem of gaps is avoided in the present system due to the composition of the left and right eye images taking place after rendering of all component parts within those images.
  • FIG 2 shows a stereoscopic imaging apparatus embodying the present invention.
  • a source of image primitive data is initially supplied to a pre-processing stage 12 which handles some front end graphics such as lighting calculations and the breaking down of more complex primitive shapes to triangles for simplicity of processing.
  • the pre-processing stage 12 may suitably be further configured to extract the audio data and pass it to an audio processing stage (not shown).
  • the image primitives are passed to object primitive processor 14 which performs all the stages necessary for the generation of the individual image segments including scan conversion, shading, texturing, hidden surface removal and anti-aliasing. Coupled with the processor 14 is a random access memory 16 which provides a workspace for processor 14, as well as holding texture maps, colour look-up tables etc. Whilst the image segments may be rendered complete, it is preferred to render the larger segments as a series of tiles, each being, for example, 16 x 16 or 32 x 32 pixels.
  • the amount of depth buffering required is restricted to the size of one tile and may be accommodated either within the processor 14 or in RAM 16.
  • the tiles making up a segment are passed from RAM 16 to a segment compositor 18 suitably operating at video refresh rates of up to at least 72 Hz and operable to decompress the tile data if it has been stored in compressed form in RAM 16.
  • the compositor 18 processes the image segments such as to apply translations or transformations (typically horizontal and/or vertical positional offsets, scaling, rotation and skew).
  • translations or transformations typically horizontal and/or vertical positional offsets, scaling, rotation and skew.
  • the extent of translation to be applied per segment is determined by shift processor 20 coupled with the segment compositor and further coupled to receive details of each segment at 3-D coordinates from the object primitive processor 14.
  • the output from the segment compositor 18 as a result of assembling an image from the untranslated segments is passed to the first compositing buffer 22L.
  • the composited image formed from the translated segments (for example corresponding to the image from viewpoint V 2 in Figure 1) is output to a corresponding compositing buffer 22R.
  • Each of these compositing buffers 22L, 22R may comprise full screen storage, although for the sake of economy and speed of operation it is preferred that each comprises a pair of smaller buffering areas (such as 16 or 32 scan lines each) with one area being loaded from the compositor 18 whilst the other is being output for display.
  • respective display driver circuits 24L,24R Coupled to receive the output from the compositing buffers 22L,22R, are respective display driver circuits 24L,24R which in turn supply respective displays 26L.26R.
  • the form of display driver and display device will depend on the system application, for example the two displays may comprise left and right screens of a stereoscopic head mounted display device.
  • the technique may be expanded to give N offset images (where N is three or more) for supply to an N-way lenticular screen autostereoscopic display device.
  • the shift processor 20 would control the segment compositor 18 to sequentially apply (N-1) translations to the basic set of segments with additional compositing buffers 28L.28R receiving the further translated image data.
  • additional display drivers and displays (not shown) would also be provided.
  • the system provides a means of simulating loss of fusion in the human visual system in 3D graphics and virtual reality systems.
  • the human visual system fuses (combines) the images registered on the retinas of the left and right eyes such that the brain perceives a single image and stereoscopic perception relies on the two images fusing together properly.
  • the visual system cannot always fuse the two images; this is typically due to some medical condition (for example, inability to accommodate in the near distance with increasing age) but loss of fusion can occur in otherwise healthy individuals.
  • Loss of fusion is typically characterised by double vision; once this occurs the visual system is confused which can result in blurry vision and/or inability to focus. Cases where double vision and blurry vision can occur in healthy individuals include being tired, being drunk and suffering from blows to the head.
  • Stereoscopy relies on accurately simulating the view seen by each eye, this is usually done by taking account of the inter-ocular separation but, in addition, accounting for the inward looking angle of each eye and introducing a point of focus defined by blurring all play their part in simulating stereoscopy.
  • parameters such as inter-ocular separation and amount of blurring of the image it is possible not only to tailor the system for those with special needs (such as children) but also to fool a user's visual system into triggering double vision with apparent loss of ability to focus.
  • applications can simulate tiredness, drunkenness or the effects of blows to the head in the virtual environment.
  • the same mechanism can also be used to indicate to the user that further immersion in the virtual environment is inadvisable; in effect introducing a premature fatigue and nausea to induce the viewer to leave the virtual environment.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Computer Graphics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Processing Or Creating Images (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne la génération d'images stéréoscopiques ou à points de vue multiples par identification d'objets individuels dans un environnement virtuel en 3-D et restitution de segments d'images individuelles de ces objets en situation isolée (14). On forme une première moitié de couple stéréoscopique par composition simple (18) de segments de l'image objet dans leurs emplacements d'origine avant leur sortie vers des dispositifs tampon (22) et d'affichage. La deuxième image du couple stéréoscopique est générée par application de décalages positionnels, et éventuellement rotationnels, au même ensemble de segments d'images objets: le nombre de décalages est déterminé (20) par la profondeur apparente de l'objet par rapport à la profondeur et à l'espacement en perspective des premier et deuxième points de vue. La deuxième image est alors composée à partir des segments d'images objets plusieurs fois décalés. On peut obtenir d'autres images, comme pour un affichage autostéréoscopique à vues multiples, par d'autres opérations de décalage et de composition. L'invention concerne également une caractéristique de mise en application, permettant de générer des effets de défocalisation à partir d'une variation d'espacement de point de vue et/ou de modification de profondeur en perspective.
PCT/IB1998/000127 1997-03-22 1998-02-02 Generation d'images a points de vue multiples Ceased WO1998043442A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GBGB9706000.8A GB9706000D0 (en) 1997-03-22 1997-03-22 Multiple viewpoint image generation
GB9706000.8 1997-03-22

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1998043442A1 true WO1998043442A1 (fr) 1998-10-01

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WO (1) WO1998043442A1 (fr)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1742489A1 (fr) * 2005-07-05 2007-01-10 Samsung SDI Co., Ltd. Dispositif d'affichage d'images et processeur graphique pour l'affichage stéréoscopique d'objets 3D
WO2007085482A1 (fr) * 2006-01-30 2007-08-02 Newsight Gmbh Procédé pour générer et représenter des images perceptibles dans l’espace
CN101815227A (zh) * 2009-02-19 2010-08-25 索尼株式会社 图像处理设备和方法
US8154543B2 (en) 2005-07-05 2012-04-10 Samsung Mobile Display Co., Ltd. Stereoscopic image display device
US8279221B2 (en) 2005-08-05 2012-10-02 Samsung Display Co., Ltd. 3D graphics processor and autostereoscopic display device using the same
US20150341616A1 (en) * 2014-05-22 2015-11-26 Disney Enterprises, Inc. Parallax based monoscopic rendering
EP3091739A1 (fr) * 2015-05-04 2016-11-09 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Appareil et procédé pour la réalisation de rendu sur des images à disparité de point de vue

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5493595A (en) * 1982-02-24 1996-02-20 Schoolman Scientific Corp. Stereoscopically displayed three dimensional medical imaging
EP0712110A1 (fr) * 1994-11-11 1996-05-15 Nintendo Co., Ltd. Dispositif d'affichage d'image stéréoscopique et dispositif de stockage associé
EP0717373A2 (fr) * 1994-12-15 1996-06-19 Sanyo Electric Co. Ltd Méthode pour convertir des images bi-dimensionnelles en images tri-dimensionnelles dans un jeu vidéo
US5556184A (en) * 1991-10-09 1996-09-17 Nader-Esfahani; Rahim Imaginograph
EP0740272A2 (fr) * 1995-04-28 1996-10-30 Sun Microsystems, Inc. Procédé et dispositif pour représenter rapidement une image à trois dimensions

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5493595A (en) * 1982-02-24 1996-02-20 Schoolman Scientific Corp. Stereoscopically displayed three dimensional medical imaging
US5556184A (en) * 1991-10-09 1996-09-17 Nader-Esfahani; Rahim Imaginograph
EP0712110A1 (fr) * 1994-11-11 1996-05-15 Nintendo Co., Ltd. Dispositif d'affichage d'image stéréoscopique et dispositif de stockage associé
EP0717373A2 (fr) * 1994-12-15 1996-06-19 Sanyo Electric Co. Ltd Méthode pour convertir des images bi-dimensionnelles en images tri-dimensionnelles dans un jeu vidéo
EP0740272A2 (fr) * 1995-04-28 1996-10-30 Sun Microsystems, Inc. Procédé et dispositif pour représenter rapidement une image à trois dimensions

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8154543B2 (en) 2005-07-05 2012-04-10 Samsung Mobile Display Co., Ltd. Stereoscopic image display device
EP1742489A1 (fr) * 2005-07-05 2007-01-10 Samsung SDI Co., Ltd. Dispositif d'affichage d'images et processeur graphique pour l'affichage stéréoscopique d'objets 3D
US8207961B2 (en) 2005-07-05 2012-06-26 Samsung Mobile Display Co., Ltd. 3D graphic processing device and stereoscopic image display device using the 3D graphic processing device
US8279221B2 (en) 2005-08-05 2012-10-02 Samsung Display Co., Ltd. 3D graphics processor and autostereoscopic display device using the same
WO2007085482A1 (fr) * 2006-01-30 2007-08-02 Newsight Gmbh Procédé pour générer et représenter des images perceptibles dans l’espace
GB2467932A (en) * 2009-02-19 2010-08-25 Sony Corp Image processing device and method
EP2222089A3 (fr) * 2009-02-19 2010-12-29 Sony Corporation Dispositif et procédé de traitement d'images
CN101815227A (zh) * 2009-02-19 2010-08-25 索尼株式会社 图像处理设备和方法
US8477995B2 (en) 2009-02-19 2013-07-02 Sony Corporation Image processing device and method
US20150341616A1 (en) * 2014-05-22 2015-11-26 Disney Enterprises, Inc. Parallax based monoscopic rendering
US10122992B2 (en) * 2014-05-22 2018-11-06 Disney Enterprises, Inc. Parallax based monoscopic rendering
US20190045172A1 (en) * 2014-05-22 2019-02-07 Disney Enterprises, Inc. Varying display content based on viewpoint
US10652522B2 (en) 2014-05-22 2020-05-12 Disney Enterprises, Inc. Varying display content based on viewpoint
EP3091739A1 (fr) * 2015-05-04 2016-11-09 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Appareil et procédé pour la réalisation de rendu sur des images à disparité de point de vue
US10332307B2 (en) 2015-05-04 2019-06-25 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Apparatus and method performing rendering on viewpoint disparity image

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