WO1997035243A1

WO1997035243A1 - Hydraulic device and system

Info

Publication number: WO1997035243A1
Application number: PCT/US1997/003469
Authority: WO
Inventors: Carl L. Schoultz
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1996-03-19
Filing date: 1997-03-17
Publication date: 1997-09-25
Anticipated expiration: 1998-09-19
Also published as: AU2580597A

Abstract

A hydraulic system (10) for dispensing fluids using at least two tanks (11, 13). One tank (11) is higher than the second (13) to add a pressure drop to the lower tank (13). Air is introduced and is discharged under pressure, so that fluid is transferred between the tanks (11, 13). The increase in pressure in one tank is transferred to the other tank which then can discharge fluid under increased pressure. One source of fluid is from a hydraulic system having a source of hydraulic fluid having a static pressure, a rotating shaft (135) for rotation upon contact by a stream of fluid, and a pressure exchange device (117) to convert the hydraulic fluid from static to dynamic pressure. A bladder (121) receives fluid and expands so the pressure in the bladder (121) is equal to the pressure drop of fluid to the bladder (121). The bladder (121) is connected to the outlet (129) to discharge the fluid without restriction at the pressure of the pressure drop.

Description

HYDRAULIC DEVICE AND SYSTEM

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a hydraulic device for transferring fluid under pressure. More particularly the present invention relates to a device and system that transfers water or other hydraulic fluids held under pressure between at least two holding tanks such that the pressure is equalized between the tanks and the water or other fluid is dischargeable at a pressure that is higher than that of a single tank. The present invention also relates to a hydraulic device for transferring static pressure into energy by a device and system that converts water or other hydraulic fluids in a reservoir to a high pressure, rapid flow of fluid that operably drives a wheel, turbine or other device suitable for rotating a shaft for the purpose of generating energy. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

For centuries water has been used as a source of energy. From water wheels that turned grinding wheels to the most modern hydroelectric power plants, water has and continues to be an important contributor to energy production.

In most cases the use of water involves construction of a device such as a dam or the like in order to place a mechanical device such as a turbine or paddle wheel in the path of flowing water. This is because it is essential to utilize dynamic energy rather than static energy to obtain energy therefrom.

In addition, such construction is often permanent and requires the expenditure of large amounts of capital. Permanent construction significantly alters the environment. Moreover it is difficult if not impossible to move dams and the like to other locations in the event of changing water conditions.

Some attempts to collect the energy from falling fluids, such as, for example, from waterfalls has not met with total success. Often times the natural location of the falling fluids does not present the most opportune location for interaction with the fluid. Also, directing and regulating the falling fluid is not possible, so that there is no control over the force of the fluid.

Ordinarily electric energy is reasonably inexpensive and available from local utilities companies in virtually unlimited amounts. However, remote locations are not always accessed by power lines. Moreover, connection to high power transmission lines is dangerous and, at the least, must be done with the authorization of the power company. Gas and other fuel burning generators are not effective substitutes at all times either, due to expense, noise and difficulty in transporting fuel and the generators themselves.

The ancient Greek cultures said that all of creation was made from earth, fire, air and water. Each has been a basic necessity as humanity has developed from pre-history to present day modern civilization, such that, even today, water and air are fundamental to the needs of society. Of course, we take for granted that we can breathe the air and drink the water, at least as it is in the more affluent areas of the United States, where clean air and water are available. But beyond drinking water and breathing air, these two materials are needed for an endless variety of functions and services to make our lives better and easier. One simple requirement is the ability to transfer water under pressure, whether to spray water on fires, to water gardens, to wash cars or buildings or other objects, to refresh, and even to beautify via fountains that spray water for the joy and beauty that it brings.

In most industrialized communities, water under pressure does exist, at tap pressures at least, which are all that is normally needed for most uses. However, when increased pressure is needed, such as with fire fighting equipment or high pressure cleaning processes, pumps are used to increase the pressure on the water to thus expel it at a higher velocity, so that longer distances or harder impact may be achieved.

In most cases the transfer of water under pressure involves the use of pumps, either to mechanically increase the flow of liquid directly or to build a head of pressure behind the water to thus increase it's flow via pressure. Both such methods require the expenditure of energy, such as in the form of motors driving the pumps, for example. In addition, use of fluids such as water under pressure at locations remote from the source of such power requires either that the motors and pumps be transported to that remote location or that the pressurized water be transferred over a distance from the energy source to reach the point of use.

In both cases, inefficiencies make the use of such a method less than satisfactory. Often times, large and expensive equipment is needed to transport the pressure generating means to the remote location. Such construction is often permanent and requires the expenditure of large amounts of capital. In other circumstances, great power loss is encountered as the fluid, such as water, travels long distances via less than 100% efficient transfer means.

Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a device, system and method for transferring fluids such as water without the use of additional equipment and expense.

Another object of this invention is to provide a device which is capable of using latent or static energy of hydraulic fluids without large expenditures for capital equipment to transfer such fluids to other, remote locations.

Still another object of the present invention is to provide a portable device for generating water under pressure at locations that are remote from other power sources.

It is also an object of the present invention to provide a device, system and method for generating electricity using hydraulic fluids such as water. Another object of this invention is to provide a device which is capable of using latent or static energy of hydraulic fluids without large expenditures for capital equipment.

Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a device capable of converting static energy of fluids to dynamic energy while controlling the amount of energy being withdrawn.

Still another object of the present invention is to provide a portable device for generating electric energy at locations that are remote from other power sources. Other objects will appear hereinafter.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

It has now been discovered that the above and other objects of the present invention may be accomplished in the following manner. Specifically, the present invention provides a hydraulic system, device and method useful for dispensing hydraulic fluids such as water. Included is a hydraulic fluid source and a source of gas which may be ambient air, or a gas under pressure or vacuum in some instances. While the invention may be used with any hydraulic fluid and any gas, it is preferred that water and air be the fluids of choice, due to availability, cost and environmental compatibility. One or more tanks are used for holding water under air pressure or its own pressure. It is also contemplated that three or more tanks be used, in series or in parallel, so that the advantages of the present invention may be multiplied.

In a preferred embodiment, one of the tanks is placed at a higher elevation with respect to the second or other tanks, so that there is, in addition to the pressure caused by the fluid and gas inside the respective tanks, a pressure drop — for water it is 2.31 feet per psi — is added to the pressure in the second or lower tank. Various schemes can be imagined where one elevated tank is connected to several lower tanks. Alternatively, several elevated tanks in series could be connected on a downward cascade, so that each tank is coupled to a lower tank to achieve multiplication of the pressure transfer according to the invention.

Each of the tanks have valves for introducing and discharging air under pressure. Air may be added to any of the tanks, O 97/35243 PC17US97/03469

7 but since the connections are made between each tank, it is only necessary to provide pressure or vacuum input to one tank and allow for pressure equalization to take place. Alternatively, each tank may be connected to the other for gas /air communication without external or above atmosphere pressure. In other words, the tanks may be connected for open air flow there between as desired.

The tanks further include pipes extending into each to a point proximate one surface, such as the bottom, so that fluid enters and exits the container as close to the one surface as possible. When two tanks are used at different elevations, it is desirable that the pipe extend to a location proximate the bottom, so that air does not enter the water transfer pipes, if at all, until substantially all the water has been withdrawn from that tank.

Water is initially transferred into at least one of the containers or tanks to permit transfer of water there between. Air hoses equalize pressure in the two containers, whether under elevated pressure as preferred or at ambient pressure in an open system. A discharge valve is employed for discharging fluid from one of the tanks under the equalized pressure. Prior to discharging any water, water and/or air is added to one of the tanks, causing increased hydraulic and air pressure in that tank. This increase in pressure inside the tank is transferred to the other tank or tanks. The second tank is now capable of discharging the fluid contained therein under the increased pressure. In another embodiment, a bladder is mounted inside the tank such that the water is contained in the bladder so that it serves as a flexible second container within a container. The air is outside the bladder to facilitate the changes in pressure and provide a steady response to these changes. A more regulated flow is achieved when water is discharged from the second or other tanks as the flexible bladder stretches and contracts during flow of water.

One advantage of the present invention is that it permits the use of one tank as a source tank that can easily be connected to both a gas source and a hydraulic fluid source, while any number of second tanks may be filled or pressurized merely by connection to the first tank. Thus a safe, convenient filling station can operate on permanent basis while regular refilling or charging of other tanks takes place at one or more locations remote from the base.

The present invention provides an output that may also be used as a driving force for water wheels, turbines and the like. It is particularly suitable for use with a hydraulic device as follows. Specifically, the present invention provides a hydraulic system, device and method useful for driving a generator.

The invention contemplates the use of a fluid such as water from a source that contains sufficient water for the operation of the device for the time needed or desired. The preferred fluid is water contained in a natural setting such as a stream, river, reservoir or lake. Of course water or fluids from any source may be used and, in fact, any amount of water may be used. It is expected that the present invention will be used in environments that are remote from conventional electrical power, but there is no limit to where the invention is practiced except as to locating an appropriate source of fluid at one elevation that can be transferred to a lower elevation as described herein. The source of water may be as large as the Pacific Ocean or as small as a pool of rain water, at least until it runs out, since the elevational difference is what converts the static pressure to dynamic. The present invention may also be used as a secondary or backup power source during power shortages or emergencies.

A source of hydraulic fluid having a static pressure is used to provide a stream of that hydraulic fluid under dynamic pressure, wherein the stream operates on a wheel device that rotates a shaft that is in turn connected to a generator. A pressure exchange device converts the hydraulic fluid from static to dynamic pressure.

The pressure exchange device of this invention includes a tank, an inlet on the tank, piping connecting the source of hydraulic fluid to the inlet, an outlet on the tank, piping connecting the outlet to the wheel to transmit fluid thereto, and a bladder inside the tank. The bladder is positioned to receive the fluid from the inlet and sized to expand such that the pressure in the bladder is substantially equal to the pressure drop of the fluid from the source to the bladder. Compressed air is supplied to the tank to balance the pressure in the bladder. The bladder is connected to the outlet to discharge the fluid without restriction substantially at the pressure of the pressure drop. In a preferred embodiment, the bladder is adapted to expand under pressure up to 125 psi.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

For a more complete understanding of the invention, reference is hereby made to the drawings, in which: Figure 1 is a schematic, sectioned, side elevational view of the system of this invention showing the system with two tanks connected in series.

Figure 2 is an enlarged, sectioned, side elevational view of an alternative embodiment of the invention shown in Figure 1. Figure 3 is a schematic side elevational view of another system of this invention showing the relationship of a pressure exchanger to the rest of the system.

Figure 4 is an enlarged side elevational view, partially cut away, of the pressure exchanger of Figure 3.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

As shown in Figs. 1 and 2, a system 10 generally is provided with two tanks 1 1 and 13, shown in the preferred embodiment of one being at a higher elevation than the other. It is to be understood that, for the purposes of this invention, the tanks may be in many other orientations, such as side by side at the same elevation. The invention contemplates the use of at least one tank or container, and is not limited to two as shown in the drawings. Any number of tanks or containers that is practical may be connected together in any pattern, whether in series or in parallel or in some combination of both.

In Fig. 1, a preferred embodiment employs two tanks 1 1 , 13 that are connected in series and are at different elevations. Each tank 11, 13 has a pipe 15 extending into the interior, preferably to a point proximate the bottom l la, 13a of each tank so that the inlet 17 of pipe 15 is as close as practical to that bottom surface l la, 13a. Fluid 19 is transferred via pipe 20 from a source, not shown, into at least one of the tanks 11 , 13, through valves 21 , 23. Tanks 1 1 , 13 are connected to permit transfer of fluid there between via outlet valve 24 through pipe 25 and into valve 23.

For the purposes of this invention, water is the preferred fluid since it is normally readily available, low in cost, and relatively safe for the environment. Water is a useful source of energy and can be used with turbines and the like to convert kinetic energy into rotational energy to generate power. Also, water is needed in fire fighting activities for certain types of combustion. For other types of combustion, other fluids that are more suitable may be used, such as for electrical fires and certain chemical combustion where water aggravates rather than extinguishes the combustion. Water is also used in cleaning surfaces by high pressure washing and the like. The water may include soaps, polisher or waxes, or other ingredients as long as the composite functions as a fluid and flows through the system as desired. Again, other cleaning fluids may be used as circumstances dictate. Of course, other uses of the present invention will be found that employ other fluids, depending on the specifics of the end use of the invention. Similarly, air is the preferred gas, again because of availability, cost and environmental concerns. Of course, where oxygen is not desired, or for other reasons, other gasses may be employed without departing from the spirit of this invention.

Tanks 1 1, 13 are also connected by air pressure line 27, via valves 31, 33, as shown in Fig. 1. Valves 31, 33 may be connected to a source of air, not shown, to add air to either tank. Air line 27 permits the two tanks 11, 13 to have equalized air pressure 29, above water 19. It should be noted that the system 10 may be pressurized, as described above, or may be open. In such a case where the system is open and not under additional air pressure, valves 31 , 33 communicate directly to the atmosphere and air flows via air line 27 at atmospheric pressure as well. In either case, whether tanks 11, 13 are pressurized or open, the pressure in both tanks 11, 13 will be the same. In the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 , tank 1 1 is at a higher elevation than tank 13, so that there is, in addition to the pressure caused by the water and air inside the tanks 1 1 , 13, there is a pressure drop — for water it is 2.31 feet per psi — that is added to the 4

13

pressure in the second or lower tank 13. As the two tanks seek equilibrium via water transfer pipe 25 and air line 27, the two tanks 1 1 , 13 have equal pressure even though they are at different levels.

The system of this invention is operated as follows. Water is pumped into one tank, tank 11 for example, via pipe 20 and valve 21. Water then transfers to tank 13 via valve 24 and pipe 25, through valve 23, until an equilibrium is reached. If desired, once a predetermined amount of water has been transferred, valve 21 or 31 may be closed to prevent further flow. Air line 27 equalizes pressure in tanks 1 1 , 13, whether under elevated pressure as preferred by adding air to valve 31, for example, or at ambient pressure in an open system.

Prior to discharging any water, water and /or air is added to one of the tanks, causing increased hydraulic and air pressure in that tank. In one example, water may be added to tank 1 1 , thus increasing the pressure of 1 air 29 as it is compressed into less volume. This increase in pressure inside tank 11 is transferred to tank 13 via air line 27. Tank 13 is now capable of discharging water contained therein under the increased pressure. When the system is operated in reverse, of course, the pressure 29 in tank 1 1 , for example, may be less than ambient, such as at a vacuum. It is contemplated that the device of this invention may be operated in either direction, depending upon need.

Alternatively, air may be added under pressure to tank 11 via valve 31, again increasing air pressure at 29 and again transferring this increased pressure to tank 13 via air line 27, so that air pressure 29 in tank 13 is increased. Valve 33 may now be used to discharge the water under higher pressure, for example, when needed to douse a fire or to wash a car or other object.

In another embodiment, shown in Fig. 2, an internal bladder 41 is fitted within tank 43, such that the bladder 41 encloses the water 19 in a flexible, stretchable container that sealingly receives pipe 45 so that discharge end 47 of pipe 45 is in direct communication with water 19. Air 29 surrounds bladder 41 as previously describes and is introduced or withdrawn via valve 51. Air 29 outside the bladder facilitates the changes in pressure and provide a steady response to these changes as it expands against it's elastic composition or contracts using that elasticity so that a more regulated flow is achieved. The flexible bladder stretches and contracts during flow of water to reduce or eliminate surges of water flow. Water may be removed from bladder 41 through the bottom of tank 43 via valve 46 and pipe 48, for use as described above, or water may be drawn from bladder 41 into discharge end 47 of pipe 45.

As noted above, one particularly useful advantage of the present invention is that it permits the use of one tank as a source tank that can easily be connected to both water and air at that location, while any number of second tanks may be filled or pressurized merely by connection to the first tank. Thus a safe, convenient filling station can operate on permanent basis while regular refilling or charging of other tanks takes place at one or more locations remote from the base. The discharge from the system shown in Figs. 1 and 2 is suitable for use with the apparatus and method described in Figs. 3 and 4. Specifically, in Figs. 1 and 2, fluid discharged from an exit pipe in bottom 13a of tank 13, via valve 26, water under pressure enters a wheel device 28, illustrated schematically with wheel 30 that is turned by water pressure from valve 26, thus generating power and exiting via pipe 32 to discharge. Wheel device 28 may be the device of Figs. 3 and 4, described below, or it may be any other form of rotating element that transfers energy from flowing liquids to another form of energy such as that derived from rotation of a shaft.

Turning now to Figs. 3 and 4, as shown therein, a system 100 generally includes a source 111 of hydraulic fluid such as water 113 in a reservoir, lake, river, stream or other natural setting. The water, whether still as in a lake or flowing as in a river, has a certain static pressure based upon it's altitude with respect to other locations. Piping 115 transfers the fluid to a lower altitude. One can employ fixed piping, such as PVC piping, ordinary garden hoses, fire hoses and other fluid transfer piping as desired. The pipe may be flexible or rigid and should be positioned to allow the fluid to enter pipe 115 for flow to a lower elevation.

One psi of pressure is generated for every 2.31 feet of drop in elevation, so that the desired fluid pressure can be readily calculated and the discharge end of pipe 115 can be located at that elevation with respect to the fluid source 111. Thus a 90 foot drop in elevation provides almost 40 psi of water pressure.

The discharge end of pipe 1 15 is connected to the pressure exchanger 1 17 of this invention. As shown in Fig. 4, exchanger 117 includes a tank 119 and an inner bladder 121 which is mounted in tank 119 and supported at both ends thereof. Tank 119 is mounted on a suitable frame, not shown, using tank side mounts 123. Tank 1 19 may be fabricated from metals such as aluminum or steel, or may be fiberglass or other synthetic materials. All that is required is that tank 1 19 be relatively air tight at air pressures up to the operating conditions of the pressure exchanger 117. Bladder 121 may be made from natural rubber, synthetic rubber or other elastomeric materials. The primary requirement for the material is that it be capable of being formed into a bladder configuration that will resist fluid pressure up to about 125 psi, or more if desired and proper materials are selected. A maximum operating pressure of 125 psi provides for operation at an elevational difference of about 289 feet. As will be appreciated, it may not be desirable to have piping extending almost the length of a football field, although pipe or hose length is not a limitation per se, other than for practical considerations.

The top end of bladder 121 is connected to inlet 125, which is also attached to the discharge end of pipe 1 15. Thus fluid flows from reservoir 1 1 1 into bladder 121. Since bladder 121 is flexible, it expands within tank 119 to seek equilibrium with the pressure drop from the elevation of water 113 in source 111. Bladder 121 expands under pressure while fluid is discharged via outlet 127. Also, as the fluid expands bladder 121 , it is balanced by compressed air introduced into tank 119 through air inlet 127, increasing the air pressure to achieve a steady state equilibrium as a constant amount of water is passed through pressure exchanger 1 17. The discharge from outlet 129 is in the form of fluid under the pressure achieved at steady state equilibrium. Pipe 131 transfers this dynamic pressurized fluid to a wheel means 133 where the pressurized fluid impacts on blades, impellers, turbines or the like, causing rotation of that element about a shaft 135. Shaft 135 in turn operates the generator 137 to generate electrical energy. The operation of the device is amazingly simple. As noted, one end of pipe 1 15 is placed in a source of fluid, such as a natural setting where water is contained. The other end of pipe 1 15 is attached to pressure exchanger 117 at inlet 125. A valve may be provided at inlet 115 to begin and end the use of the system. Fluid enters bladder 121 in tank 119, reaching a steady state pressure that is matched by the pressure in tank 1 19. Air pressure gauge 139 may be used to monitor this pressure. As a safety precaution, tank 119 is also fitted with an air pressure relief valve 141. Fluid exits bladder 121 under pressure determined by the relative elevational differences between the source 111 of fluid 113 and the pressure exchanger 117.

Outlet 129 may also have a valve for controlling the operation of the system. Fluid then impinges on the rotating member of wheel 133 as described. The present invention has been tested in several field situations and is designed to be portable and easy to use. Installation is as simple as setting the side mounts 23 of tank 19 on an appropriate frame. In one example, water was used as the fluid. The difference in elevation was about 70 feet, producing 30 psi of water pressure which in turn operated a 0.5 horsepower motor to produce usable electric current.

The frame on which the tank is mounted may be permanent or portable, and may in some cases be part of the structure of the truck or other vehicle transporting the system. All that is needed is to locate the device at a desired lower elevation or altitude compared to the elevation of the source of fluid. It has been found that operation of the system at a pressure of 100 to 125 psi is adequate to generate a useful amount of electrical energy. Depending upon the efficiencies of the rotating wheel and the generator itself, these pressures are more than adequate in most cases.

In operation in the field, pipe 1 15 is connected between the fluid source 1 1 1 , such as a lake or river, and the pressure exchanger 117 and filled with fluid. Similarly pipe 129 is connected to the wheel 133. Fluid flows through wheel 133 to generate electrical energy. It should be noted that where natural fluids such as water from a river or lake are used, the water that is discharged will normally be allowed to flow into the ground or be discharged in such a way that it can rejoin the source at that lower elevation, either as ground water or at a point down stream that is lower.

The advantages of the present invention are numerous. This is a true open system. No dam is needed to regulate the source of fluid, so that the system can be used without significantly altering natural sites. Water or fluids from any source may be used and, in fact, any amount of water may be used. The source of water may be as large as the Pacific Ocean or as small as a pool of rain water, at least until it runs out, since the elevational difference is what converts the static pressure to dynamic. While particular embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated and described, it is not intended to limit the invention, except as defined by the following claims.

Claims

1. A hydraulic system useful for dispensing hydraulic fluids using a source of hydraulic fluid and a source of gas, comprising: at least one hollow container means for holding hydraulic fluid therein, said container further having gas valve means for introducing and discharging gas into said container; said container further including fluid flow means extending into said container mean from one end thereof to a point proximate the opposing inner surface of the other end thereof such that fluid enters and exits said container proximate said other end; fluid transfer means for introducing fluid from said hydraulic fluid source into said at least one container means, said fluid transfer means further connecting said container means for fluid flow therein; gas transfer means connecting said gas valve means to provide pressure in said at least one container; and means for discharging fluid from said container under said pressure.

2. The system of claim 1 , which includes at least two hollow container means, said container further each having gas valve means for introducing and discharging gas into said containers; said fluid transfer means further connecting said at least two container means for fluid flow there between; said gas transfer means connecting said gas valve means to equalize pressure between said at least two containers. 97/35243 PC17US97/03469

20 3. The system of claim 2, where said hollow containers are oriented such that said one end is above said other end.

4. The system of claim 2 where said hollow containers are at upper and lower elevations with respect to each other.

5. The system of claim 2 where each of said at least two hollow container means include bladder means connected to said fluid flow means such that fluid in said container is within said bladder means and gas pressure inside said container is outside said bladder means.

6. The system of claim 2 where the fluid is water and the gas is air.

7. The system of claim 2 wherein said containers operate under pressure above atmospheric pressure or vacuum below atmospheric pressure.

8. A hydraulic device useful for dispensing a hydraulic fluids using a source of hydraulic fluid and a source of gas, comprising: at least one hollow container means for holding hydraulic fluid therein, said container further having gas valve means for introducing and discharging gas into said container; said container further including fluid flow means extending into said container means from one end thereof to a point proximate the opposing inner surface of the other end thereof such that fluid enters and exits said container proximate said other end; fluid transfer means for introducing fluid from said hydraulic fluid source into said container; gas transfer means connecting said gas valve means to provide pressure in said container; and means for discharging fluid from said container under said pressure.

9. The device of claim 8 which includes at least two hollow container means for holding hydraulic fluid therein, said containers each having gas valve means for introducing and discharging gas into said container; said fluid transfer means further connecting said at least two container means for fluid flow there between; said gas transfer means connecting said gas valve means to equalize pressure between said at least two containers.

10. The device of claim 9, where said hollow containers are oriented such that said one end is above said other end.

11. The device of claim 9 where said hollow containers are at upper and lower elevations with respect to each other.

12. The device of claim 9 where each of said at least two hollow container means include bladder means connected to said fluid flow means such that fluid in said container is within said bladder means and gas pressure inside said container is outside said bladder means.

13. The device of claim 9 where the fluid is water and the gas is air.

14. The device of claim 9 said containers operate under pressure above atmospheric pressure or vacuum below atmospheric pressure.

15. A method of dispensing hydraulic fluids using a source of hydraulic fluid and a source of gas, comprising: filling at least two hollow container means with hydraulic fluid therein, said containers each having gas valve means for introducing and discharging gas into said container; said containers further including fluid flow means extending into each of said container means from one end thereof to a point proximate the opposing inner surface of the other end thereof such that fluid enters and exits said container proximate said other end; transferring fluid from said hydraulic fluid source into at least one of said containers via a fluid transfer means, said fluid transfer means further connecting said at least two container means for fluid flow there between; equalize pressure there between said at least two containers by a gas transfer means connecting said gas valve means; and discharging fluid from one of said containers under said equalized pressure.

16. The method of claim 15, where said hollow containers are oriented such that said one end is above said other end and said 23

hollow containers are at upper and lower elevations with respect to each other.

17. The method of claim 15 where each of said at least two hollow container means include bladder means connected to said fluid flow means such that fluid in said container is within said bladder means and gas pressure inside said container is outside said bladder means.

18. The method of claim 15 where the fluid is water and the gas is air.

19. The method of claim 15 said containers operate under pressure above atmospheric pressure or vacuum below atmospheric pressure.

20. A hydraulic system useful for driving a generator, comprising: a source of hydraulic fluid having a static pressure; wheel means for rotating a shaft connected to said generator for driving rotation thereof upon contact by a stream of said hydraulic fluid under dynamic pressure; and pressure exchange means connecting said source to said wheel means to convert said hydraulic fluid from static to dynamic pressure, said exchange means including a tank, an inlet on said tank, fluid flow means connecting said source of hydraulic fluid to said inlet, an outlet on said tank, fluid flow means connecting said outlet to said wheel means to transmit fluid thereto, and bladder means inside said tank, said bladder means being positioned to receive said fluid from said inlet and being sized to expand such that the pressure in said bladder is substantially equal to the pressure drop of said fluid from said source to said bladder, said bladder further being connected to said outlet to discharge said fluid without restriction at the pressure of said pressure drop.

21. The system of claim 20, wherein said bladder is adapted to expand under pressure up to 125 psi.

22. The system of claim 20, wherein said wheel means is a turbine.

23. The system of claim 20, wherein said wheel means is connected to an electrical current generator shaft.

24. The system of claim 20, wherein said fluid is water.

25. The system of claim 24, wherein said water is contained in a natural setting.

26. A hydraulic device useful for transferring a source of hydraulic fluid having a static pressure to a wheel means for rotating a shaft connected to a generator for driving rotation thereon upon contact by a stream of said hydraulic fluid under dynamic pressure, comprising: pressure exchange means connecting said source to said wheel means to convert said hydraulic fluid from static to dynamic pressure, said exchange means including a tank, an inlet on said tank, fluid flow means connecting said source of hydraulic fluid to said inlet, an outlet on said tank, fluid flow means connecting said outlet to said wheel means to transmit fluid thereto, and bladder means inside said tank, said bladder means being positioned to receive said fluid from said inlet and being sized to expand such that the pressure in said bladder is substantially equal to the pressure drop of said fluid from said source to said bladder, said bladder further being connected to said outlet to discharge said fluid without restriction at the pressure of said pressure drop.

27. The device of claim 26, wherein said bladder is adapted to expand under pressure up to 125 psi.

28. The device of claim 26, wherein said wheel means is a turbine.

29. The device of claim 26, wherein said wheel means is connected to an electrical current generator shaft.

30. The device of claim 26, wherein said fluid is water.

31. The device of claim 30, wherein said water is contained in a natural setting.

32. A method of driving a generator, comprising the steps of: removing fluid from a source of hydraulic fluid having a static pressure; 97/35243 PC17US97/03469

26 transferring said fluid to a tank means located at a lower elevation; introducing said fluid into a bladder means contained in said tank through an inlet on said tank to expand said bladder whereby the pressure in said bladder is substantially equal to the pressure drop of said fluid from said source to said bladder; and discharging said fluid from said bladder under said pressure on to a wheel means for rotating a shaft connected to said generator for driving rotation thereof upon contact by said hydraulic fluid under dynamic pressure;

33. The method of claim 32, wherein said bladder is adapted to expand under pressure up to 125 psi.

34. The method of claim 32, wherein said wheel means is a turbine.

35. The method of claim 32, wherein said wheel means is connected to an electrical current generator shaft.

36. The method of claim 32, wherein said fluid is water.

37. The method of claim 36, wherein said water is contained in a natural setting. AMENDED CLAIMS

[received by the International Bureau on 03 September 1997 (03.09.97); original claims 1-20 and 26-31 cancelled; original claims 21-24 amended; new claims 38-43 added; other claims unchanged (6 pages)]

21. The system of claim 43, wherein said bladder is adapted to expand under pressure up to 125 psi.

22. The system of claim 43, wherein said wheel means is a turbine.

23. The system of claim 43, wherein said wheel means is connected to an electrical current generator shaft.

24. The system of claim 43, wherein said fluid is water.

32. A method of driving a generator, comprising the steps of: removing fluid from a source of hydraulic fluid having a static pressure;

38. A hydraulic system useful for dispensing hydraulic fluids using a source of hydraulic fluid and a source of gas, comprising: an upper hollow container and a lower container for holding hydraulic fluid therein, each of said containers having gas valve means for introducing and discharging gas into said container and for gas transfer between said containers; said containers further including fluid flow means extending into each said container from one end thereof to a point proximate the opposing inner surface of the other end thereof such that fluid enters and exits said container proximate said other end; fluid transfer means for introducing fluid from said hydraulic fluid source into said upper container for fluid flow therein, said fluid transfer means further connecting said upper and lower containers for fluid flow there between; valve means operably connected with said gas valve means prevent discharge of air in said second container during transfer of hydraulic fluid from said first container to said second container to store a head of air pressure in said lower container; and means for discharging fluid from said lower container under said pressure at a time after said head of pressure has been stored therein.

39. The system of claim 38 where said lower hollow container include bladder means connected to said fluid flow means such that fluid in said container is within said bladder means and said gas pressure inside said container is outside said bladder means.

40. The system of claim 38, where the fluid is water and the gas is air.

41. The system of claim 38, wherein said valve means operably connected with said gas valve means prevent discharge of air in said upper container during transfer of hydraulic fluid into said upper container to store a head of air pressure in said upper container for use when transferring hydraulic fluid to said lower container.

42. A hydraulic system useful for dispensing water using a source of water and a source of air, comprising: an upper hollow container and a lower container for holding water therein, each of said containers having air valve means for introducing and discharging air into said container and for air transfer between said containers; said containers further including water flow means extending into each said container from one end thereof to a point proximate the opposing inner surface of the other end thereof such that water enters and exits said container proximate said other end; water transfer means for introducing water from said water source into said upper container for water flow therein, said water transfer means further connecting said upper and lower container for water flow there between; valve means operably connected with said air valve means prevent discharge of air in said second container during transfer of water from said first container to said second container to store a head of air pressure in said lower container, said valve means being operably connected with said air valve means to 31 prevent discharge of air in said upper container during transfer of hydraulic water into said upper container to store a head of air pressure in said upper container for use when transferring hydraulic water to said lower container; said upper and lower hollow containers including bladder means connected to said water flow means such that water in said container is within said bladder means and said air pressure inside said container is outside said bladder means; and means for discharging water from said lower container under said pressure at a time after said head of pressure has been stored therein.

43. A hydraulic system useful for driving a generator, comprising: a source of hydraulic fluid having a static pressure; wheel means for rotating a shaft connected to said generator for driving rotation thereof upon contact by a stream of said hydraulic fluid under dynamic pressure; a tank; an inlet on said tank; first fluid flow means for connecting said source of hydraulic fluid to said inlet; an outlet on said tank; second fluid flow means for connecting said outlet to said wheel means to transmit fluid thereto; and a bladder inside said tank, said bladder being positioned to receive said fluid from said inlet and being sized to expand such that the pressure in said bladder is substantially equal to the pressure drop of said fluid from said source to said bladder, said bladder further being connected to said outlet to discharge said fluid without restriction at the pressure of said pressure drop.

STATEMENT UNDER ARTICLE 19(1 )

Claims 1 - 20, inclusive, and claims 26 - 31, inclusive, have been canceled, without prejudice. Claims 20 - 24, inclusive, have been amended to depend from new claim 43. Additional claims 38 - 43, inclusive, are new and further define the claimed invention and distinguish the claimed invention over the cited art of record in the corresponding United States applications. Replacement Sheets 24 and 25 indicate the cancellation of claims 26 - 31, inclusive, and the dependency of claims 20 - 24, inclusive, from new claim 43.

Cancellation of claims 1 - 20, inclusive, without prejudice, and entry of Replacement Sheets 24 and 25, and New Sheets 26/1 - 26/4, inclusive, with new claims 38 - 43, inclusive, is respectfully requested.