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WO1997032384A1 - Procede et dispositif de charge d'une batterie - Google Patents

Procede et dispositif de charge d'une batterie Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1997032384A1
WO1997032384A1 PCT/US1997/002729 US9702729W WO9732384A1 WO 1997032384 A1 WO1997032384 A1 WO 1997032384A1 US 9702729 W US9702729 W US 9702729W WO 9732384 A1 WO9732384 A1 WO 9732384A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
pulses
wait period
charge
pack
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1997/002729
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Yury M. Podrazhansky
Michael Y. Podrazhansky
Original Assignee
Advanced Charger Technology, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Advanced Charger Technology, Inc. filed Critical Advanced Charger Technology, Inc.
Priority to AU19670/97A priority Critical patent/AU1967097A/en
Publication of WO1997032384A1 publication Critical patent/WO1997032384A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/00711—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage with introduction of pulses during the charging process
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
    • H02J7/007182—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery voltage
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention generally relates to a method and apparatus for rapidly charging of a battery and more particularly to a method and apparatus for more precisely determining the state of or completion of a battery charging process.
  • US Patent No. 5,329,219, to S. Garret describes a method of charging a battery with a different charge rate.
  • US Patent No. 5,331,268 to J. Pantino et al teaches a control for a trickle charge, which begins when a baseline voltage of the battery during a rapid charge attains a predetermined value.
  • US Patent 5,200,689 to A. Interiano et al describes a charge control and a charge termination for nickel cadmium and nickel hydride batteries. The charge profile is similar to previously described techniques and is topped off with a trickle charge which will cause dendrite and other problems that are also applicable to the technique described in the '268 patent.
  • US Patent 4,577,144 to John S. Hodgman and myself H. Mullersman describes a technique for distinguishing between primary and secondary batteries by monitoring the line ripple voltage of the rectified charging voltage. This ripple voltage is deemed to reflect the low frequency impedance of the battery during charging. A distinction between primary and secondary batteries can be thus be made because, as stated in this patent, the low frequency impedance for a secondary battery is lower than that for a primary battery of the same physical size.
  • US Patent No. 4,740,739 to Leon D. Quammen and James M. Hisle describes the use of very high frequency discharging pulses superimposed upon an unfiltered charging current applied to a battery.
  • US Patent No 3,987,353 to James Adrian Macharg describes a technique for using charging pulses separated by intervals during which a change in the battery voltage is monitored and used to control the magnitude of the charging pulse.
  • US Patent No 3,857,087 to David C. Jones describes a method to test lead acid batteries to separate good from bad batteries by using a charge, wait, discharge, wait technique.
  • a battery can be rapidly and safely charged even when the battery is frozen by reliably determining the battery's state of charge and as a result determine when the charging process needs to be either reduced or terminated.
  • a microprocessor controlled battery charger wherein the processor provides a charge pulse followed by a discharge pulse and a first wait period during which there is neither a charging nor a discharging of the battery.
  • the first wait period is altered by a first pack of pulses alternating about the open circuit voltage of the battery and at a frequency selected to enhance a mixing of the electrolyte.
  • the wait period is altered with a second set of alternating frequency pulses at a frequency selected to enable a measurement of the impedance of the battery. The impedance measurement is used to determine the capacitance of the battery and this value is then used to ascertain whether the charging process should be continued or terminated.
  • the wait period is in turn followed by a second discharge pulse.
  • the second discharge pulse there is a second wait period during which there is neither a charging nor a discharging of the battery and this second wait period is altered by a second pack of high frequency pulses alternating about the open circuit voltage of the battery and having a frequency sufficiently high to enable a determination of the capacitance of the battery. The measurement of the capacitance is then used to determine whether the battery is sufficiently charged.
  • the high frequency pack of pulses can be in the form of alternating current (AC) sine waves. These high frequency pulses modify the mass transport process inside the battery by reducing the concentration of a diffusion layer wherein the concentration of ions fluctuates with time near the electrode surface. The reduction of polarization concentration and over potential depends not only on the magnitude of the AC current pulses but also on their frequency.
  • the AC pack of pulses allows a measurement of metallic conversion during charging and enables a determination of the battery capacitance, and thus battery capacity, as well as when to terminate battery charging.
  • the use of high frequency packs of pulses increase the precision of the measurement of the internal impedance and the determination of the battery status. It is, therefore, an object of the invention to provide a technique and apparatus for rapidly charging a battery. It is a further object of the invention to provide a method and apparatus for determining when to terminate the charging of a battery.
  • Figure 1 is a plot of charge current cycles in accordance with the invention for use in the charging of a battery
  • Figure 1 A is an enlarged plot a charge cycle used in the charging cycles of Figure 1 ;
  • Figure 1B is an enlarged view of a charge cycle shown in Figure 1 for the charging of a battery in accordance with the invention
  • Figure 2 is a plot of an alternate charge current cycle in accordance with the invention for use in charging a battery
  • Figure 3 is a plot of still another charge current cycle in accordance with the invention for use in charging a battery
  • Figure 3A is an enlarged view of another charge cycle for use in a battery charging process in accordance with the invention
  • FIG. 4 is a block diagram of an apparatus in accordance with the invention for use in charging a battery
  • Figure 5 is a general flow chart for use in a charging process in accordance with the invention for applying a battery charging technique of this invention.
  • Figure 6 is a flow chart of steps used in a microcontroller to implement a charging of a battery in accordance with the invention.
  • charge current cycles 10 are shown and are used during the charging of a battery.
  • the charge current cycle 10 need not be used continuously but can be employed on a regular interval basis, say once every minute or several minutes, depending upon the type and size of battery being charged.
  • Other charge cycles such as shown in US Patent 5,307,000 to Podraz- hansky can then be used in between the charge cycles 10.
  • US Patent 5,307,000 is incorporated herein by reference thereto subject to such modifications as described herein for the instant invention.
  • the use herein of decimals after numerals identifies specific items with the numerals after the decimal points whereas the use of the numeral on the left side alone denotes the same item in a general manner.
  • the first discharge pulses 13 reduce electrolyte at a thin layer between the active electrode mass and the current collector grid, not shown, at the electrochemi ⁇ cal conversion area. Normally this layer moves because the active material is converted and the conversion process starts from material close to the conductive collector grid and moves inside towards the opposite plate or electrode.
  • the discharge pulses 13 and 16 are created by applying a load or reverse voltage to the battery.
  • the discharge pulses have a significantly shorter duration than the duration of the charge pulses 11.
  • the discharge pulses preferably have a magnitude that is from about 2 to 10 times larger than the magnitude of the direct current charging pulses 11, but with a much smaller duration than the duration of the direct current charging pulses 11.
  • the discharge pulses serve to reduce polarization concentration right after the charge pulses 11.
  • the first wait periods 15 allow additional mixing with a fresh electrolyte from outside of the reaction area.
  • the battery's open circuit voltage (OCV) can be measured.
  • the second discharge pulses 16 help to reduce polarization concentration on the electrochemically active double layer of the battery and also reduces over voltage potential.
  • the second wait periods 18 also help with electrolyte exchange within the reaction area.
  • the second (or sometimes more than one) rest periods allow a complete cessation of the charging process and thus a measurement of internal impedance during a time ions are in a neutral position which normally is not achieved within a battery.
  • the second wait period after discharge pulse 16 the measurement of the OCV is much closer to the real OCV.
  • the packs 14 of AC pulses serve to mix a fresh electrolyte from outside the electrode reaction area with the electrolyte within the reaction area and thus reduce the density of the over potential due to a concentration of polarization within the double layer of the battery.
  • the effect from the high frequency pack of pulses is to reduce the internal resistance of the battery.
  • the forced mixing of the electrolyte enables a reduction in the wait periods between charge pulses so that longer wait periods for measurements can be used with little impact on the overall charging time.
  • the pulses 14 persists for a duration that is less than charging pulses 11. If the number of frequency pulses 14 is too high then the battery tends to heat up. If the number of high frequency pulses is too few then there is not a sufficient mixing action near the electrodes. Generally a duration sufficient to obtain from about three to about five sine waves is sufficient to achieve the desired mixing action. For a frequency of about 200 Hz a duration for the packs 14 of up to twenty five ms is sufficient. The frequency should not be too high lest the electrolyte mixing does not occur and, therefore, a maximum frequency is generally about 500 Hz.
  • the wait periods 15 and 18 may be of equal duration or different and usually are of a longer duration than discharge pulses 13 and 16. Typically the duration of the discharge pulses 13 and 15 are of the order of a few milliseconds.
  • a second type of high frequency pulses 17 is used during a charge cycle such as 10.2 to alter a wait period.
  • the pack of pulses 17 has a higher frequency so as to enable its use to measure the internal impedance of the battery. Specifically the frequency and duration of pulses 17 are selected so that the capacitance of the battery can be measured. The accuracy of this measurement is enhanced by virtue of the use of the discharge pulses 13 and 15 and the mixing action from the prior pack of high frequency pulses 14.
  • the frequency of the pulses 17 is selected so that high frequency current signals can be physically delivered to the battery and a measurement of its capacitance can be made. This may, therefore, preferably be higher in frequency than packs 14 and in the range from about 100 to about 1M Hz.
  • the capacitance measurement is obtained by first measuring the internal resistance of the battery using conventional techniques. The internal resistance is obtained by monitoring the drop in the constant DC charge voltage during charging and dividing this by the corresponding current passed through the battery. Preferably the charge voltage drop and current are measured towards the end of the charge pulse 11 and the internal resistance R, is obtained by dividing the current measurement into the measured voltage drop.
  • the capacitance is measured during different charge cycles and changes in its value monitored. When the capacitance continues to show a change in value this is interpreted as an indication that the battery is still accepting a charge. When the capacitance measurement fails to indicate a change from the last measurement, or some other previous measurement, a determination is made that the battery is fully charged and battery charging is terminated.
  • charge cycles 10.2 and 10.3 are illustrated, which are similar to charge cycle 10.1.
  • the AC pulse packs 14, 17 do not alter the wait periods 15, 18 at their starts, but are injected to do so at the ends of these wait periods.
  • the first pulse pack 14 is located at the beginning of wait period 15 while the second pulse pack is timed to occur near the end of wait period 18. 20 points to a small technical wait period as it may be necessary.
  • the high frequency AC pack of pulses 17 enable a more precise measurement of the internal impedance of the battery.
  • the mixing role of the AC pulse pack 14 is diminished but the impedance and metal conversion measurements during the second pulse pack 17 is improved.
  • a charge cycle 40 is used wherein a single discharge pulse 13 is employed following a wait period 12.
  • the discharge pulse 13 is followed by a pulses 14, a wait period 15 and at the letter's end a high frequency pack of pulses 17 to measure the battery's impedance.
  • the pulse pack 17 need not occur every cycle 310 as previously explained.
  • the high frequency pack of pulses 14 preferably occurs with each charge cycle 310.
  • FIG. 4 a block diagram of a charger 40 in accordance with the invention is shown.
  • 21 is a microcontroller or microprocessor; 22 is a circuit for measuring the battery voltage; 23 is a circuit for measuring the charging current; 24 is a control circuit for control over the charge currents; 25 is a discharge control circuit; 26 is a transistor or other semiconductor device for controlling the charge current to the battery; 27 is a discharge current transistor; 28 is a the battery to be charged and which can be a lead acid cell, a nickel battery or a metal hydride cell. 29 is a shunt resistor used to measure the charging and discharging currents; 30 is a display which can show capacity or battery voltage; 31 is a power supply using to drive the microcontroller and supply electrical energy to charge battery 28.
  • the microcontroller 21 When a battery 28 is installed into the charger 40 the microcontroller 21 , via circuitry 22 senses the battery voltage. If the voltage is normal for the battery 28 the controller 21 starts to charge the battery via circuitry 24 and transistor switch 26. If the voltage on battery 28 is lower than expected, the controller 21 will not charge the battery 28 and send information to display 30 with an explanation of the problem. If the voltage on the inserted battery 28 is normal the processor 21 begins a testing procedure. The testing procedure consists of measuring the battery's internal resistance, so processor 21 , via circuitry 24, sends a signal to transistor switch 25 to enable it to apply a charging pulse 11 as shown in Figure 1.
  • Figure 5 illustrates a simplified flow chart 50 for operating the microcontroller 21 and implement the invention. Other flow techniques can be implemented and what is shown is for illustration only.
  • Figure 6 shows a flow chart 70 for determining the capacitance of a battery in accordance with the invention and comparing the measurement to determine when to terminate the charging process.
  • a regular charge cycle such as 10.1 in Figure 1 is begun and a timer is set at 74 to ascertain at 76 with a test when a capacitance measurement is to be made. Then if a capacitance measurement is to be made at 80 the value for capacitance from a previous measurement is stored as C p ,, ⁇ . and at 82 a charge pulse 11 is started. At some time towards the end of the charge pulse 11 the internal resistance of the battery is measured by sensing at 84 the current l dc through the battery and at 86 the voltage V dc across the battery. These parameters are determined with the apparatus as described with reference to Figure 4. The current through the battery is determined from a measurement of the voltage across the known resistance 29. The internal resistance is determined at 88 from the voltage and current values using R-Wl 0 .
  • a pack of high frequency current pulses 17 with which the impedance of the battery can be measured is applied to the battery. While these are applied, the ac current, l ac , and ac voltage, V", are measured at 100 in a similar manner as the dc equivalents.
  • the test result is interpreted as indicative of a need to terminate the charging process at 110 and a return is made at 112.
  • the change in capacitance indicative of a need to continue the charging process can be negative or positive.
  • the result is indicative of a need to terminate the charging process. This is explained below.
  • the current flowing across the electrode /electrolyte interface to be composed at a time averaged DC component l DC , and a fluctuating alternating current (AC) component, l AC .
  • C concentration
  • t is a time y is vertical distance from electrode surface and the subscript oo denotes the bulk properties. This also split the concentration C into a time invariant steady-state component C 8 , and a fluctuation component C f
  • C is the concentration
  • t is a time y is vertical distance from electrode surface and the subscript oo denotes the bulk properties.
  • I lim is the limiting current density for a given convective condition.
  • the thickness of the steady state Nernst diffusion layer depend from concentration gradient at the electrode surface.
  • NiMH type battery For Nickel Metal Hydrate type battery incorrect energy transfer algorithm, Production more Hydrogen and Oxygen, that battery can absorb.
  • Normally NiMH type battery did not have Ions transport problem and termination can be done by using 3T/3t, where is T is temperature on a battery and t is a time.
  • the NiMH battery takes charge with heat production as exothermic reaction.
  • the potassium hydroxide electrode also polarize at high current and prevent NiMH battery from overpotential during the charge cycle will extend life of a battery.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

Procédé et dispositif permettant de charger rapidement une batterie en évitant un dégagement excessif de chaleur interne. Selon le procédé de charge préférentiel, on procède à un cycle de charge tel qu'une impulsion directe de charge (10,1) est suivie par une courte période d'attente (12,1) après laquelle une courte impulsion de décharge (13,1) est appliquée, suivie d'une première période d'attente (15,1) au cours de laquelle il n'y a ni charge ni décharge. La première période d'attente est modifiée par un premier train d'impulsions de courant alternatif haute fréquence (14,1A) à un niveau équivalent en tension continue à celui qui est nécessaire pour une tension de batterie à circuit ouvert. Le premier train d'impulsions haute fréquence est choisi de manière à renforcer l'effet de mélange au niveau des électrodes de la batterie. Une deuxième impulsion de décharge (16,1) est ensuite appliquée, suivie d'une deuxième période d'attente (18,1) qui est modifiée par un deuxième train d'impulsions de courant alternatif haute fréquence (14,1B). Ces dernières impulsions sont choisies de telle sorte que la mesure de la capacité de la batterie puisse être obtenue et qu'une évaluation de la charge de la batterie puisse être dérivée. Le cycle de charge peut se répéter jusqu'à ce que les paramètres de la batterie atteignent la valeur souhaitée, indicatrice d'une charge suffisante.
PCT/US1997/002729 1996-02-27 1997-02-26 Procede et dispositif de charge d'une batterie WO1997032384A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU19670/97A AU1967097A (en) 1996-02-27 1997-02-26 Method and apparatus for charging a battery

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US1236296P 1996-02-27 1996-02-27
US60/012,362 1996-02-27

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1997032384A1 true WO1997032384A1 (fr) 1997-09-04

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Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2000076050A1 (fr) * 1999-06-08 2000-12-14 Enrev Corporation Chargeur de batterie a charge amelioree, et procedes de mesure de la charge
EP1067652A3 (fr) * 1999-07-05 2002-04-10 Yazaki Corporation Appareil de chargement de batterie et méthode de détection d' un chargement complet
GB2369189A (en) * 2000-02-18 2002-05-22 Sensei Ltd Method of measuring the voltage level of a battery
WO2004077921A3 (fr) * 1997-05-26 2005-02-10 Guacemmi Participacoes Societa Generateur quantique et ses accessoires
US7501788B2 (en) 2004-03-05 2009-03-10 Guacemmi Participacoes Societarias, Ltda. Quantum generator and related devices of energy extraction and conversion
WO2010128839A3 (fr) * 2009-05-05 2010-12-29 Applied Electronics Labs Chargeur de batterie
EP2613165A1 (fr) * 2003-06-27 2013-07-10 The Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd. Procédé et dispositif de mesure d'impédance interne de cellule secondaire
JP2014068527A (ja) * 2012-09-26 2014-04-17 Samsung Electronics Co Ltd 二次電池の充電装置及び充電方法
JP2015504648A (ja) * 2011-11-30 2015-02-12 ハー−テク アーゲー 充電式電池を充電するための方法及び装置
US10090695B2 (en) 2014-08-29 2018-10-02 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation Optimized current pulse charging apparatus and method employing increasing clamp reference voltages and decreasing current pulses
CN111446513A (zh) * 2019-01-16 2020-07-24 大众汽车有限公司 用于处理蓄电池的方法
DE10362316B4 (de) * 2002-11-22 2021-05-27 Milwaukee Electric Tool Corp. System für das Laden einer Batterie
US11063446B2 (en) 2002-11-22 2021-07-13 Milwaukee Electric Tool Corporation Method and system for charging multi-cell lithium-based battery packs

Citations (3)

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US5307000A (en) * 1992-01-22 1994-04-26 Electronic Power Technology, Inc. Method and apparatus for charging, thawing, and formatting a battery
US5481174A (en) * 1993-12-27 1996-01-02 Motorola, Inc. Method of rapidly charging a lithium ion cell
US5561360A (en) * 1994-05-02 1996-10-01 General Motors Corporation Battery cycle life improvements through bifurcated recharge method

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5307000A (en) * 1992-01-22 1994-04-26 Electronic Power Technology, Inc. Method and apparatus for charging, thawing, and formatting a battery
US5481174A (en) * 1993-12-27 1996-01-02 Motorola, Inc. Method of rapidly charging a lithium ion cell
US5561360A (en) * 1994-05-02 1996-10-01 General Motors Corporation Battery cycle life improvements through bifurcated recharge method

Cited By (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EA010301B1 (ru) * 1997-05-26 2008-08-29 Гуасемми Партисипасойнш Сосиетариаш Лтда. Устройство экстракции и преобразования энергии
KR100880010B1 (ko) * 1997-05-26 2009-01-22 구아세미 파티시파코에스 소시에테리아스 엘티디에이 에너지 추출 및 변환에 관한 양자 발생기 및 관련 장치
WO2004077921A3 (fr) * 1997-05-26 2005-02-10 Guacemmi Participacoes Societa Generateur quantique et ses accessoires
US6232750B1 (en) 1999-06-08 2001-05-15 Enrey Corporation Battery charger with enhanced charging and charge measurement processes
WO2000076050A1 (fr) * 1999-06-08 2000-12-14 Enrev Corporation Chargeur de batterie a charge amelioree, et procedes de mesure de la charge
EP1067652A3 (fr) * 1999-07-05 2002-04-10 Yazaki Corporation Appareil de chargement de batterie et méthode de détection d' un chargement complet
US7102329B2 (en) 2000-02-18 2006-09-05 Donavan Developments Limited Method of measuring the battery level in a mobile telephone
GB2369189B (en) * 2000-02-18 2004-05-26 Sensei Ltd Method of measuring the battery level in a mobile telephone
GB2369189A (en) * 2000-02-18 2002-05-22 Sensei Ltd Method of measuring the voltage level of a battery
US7696724B2 (en) 2000-02-18 2010-04-13 Donovan Developments Limited Method of measuring the battery level in a mobile telephone
US11063446B2 (en) 2002-11-22 2021-07-13 Milwaukee Electric Tool Corporation Method and system for charging multi-cell lithium-based battery packs
DE10362316B4 (de) * 2002-11-22 2021-05-27 Milwaukee Electric Tool Corp. System für das Laden einer Batterie
EP2613165A1 (fr) * 2003-06-27 2013-07-10 The Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd. Procédé et dispositif de mesure d'impédance interne de cellule secondaire
US7567056B2 (en) 2004-03-05 2009-07-28 Guacemmi Participacoes Societarias, Ltda. Quantum generator and related devices of energy extraction and conversion
US7501788B2 (en) 2004-03-05 2009-03-10 Guacemmi Participacoes Societarias, Ltda. Quantum generator and related devices of energy extraction and conversion
WO2010128839A3 (fr) * 2009-05-05 2010-12-29 Applied Electronics Labs Chargeur de batterie
JP2015504648A (ja) * 2011-11-30 2015-02-12 ハー−テク アーゲー 充電式電池を充電するための方法及び装置
US9793733B2 (en) 2011-11-30 2017-10-17 H-Tech Ag Method and apparatus for charging rechargeable cells
JP2014068527A (ja) * 2012-09-26 2014-04-17 Samsung Electronics Co Ltd 二次電池の充電装置及び充電方法
US10090695B2 (en) 2014-08-29 2018-10-02 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation Optimized current pulse charging apparatus and method employing increasing clamp reference voltages and decreasing current pulses
CN111446513A (zh) * 2019-01-16 2020-07-24 大众汽车有限公司 用于处理蓄电池的方法

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