WO1997032114A1 - Mit einem kreisprozess arbeitende wärmekraftmaschine - Google Patents
Mit einem kreisprozess arbeitende wärmekraftmaschine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1997032114A1 WO1997032114A1 PCT/EP1997/000915 EP9700915W WO9732114A1 WO 1997032114 A1 WO1997032114 A1 WO 1997032114A1 EP 9700915 W EP9700915 W EP 9700915W WO 9732114 A1 WO9732114 A1 WO 9732114A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- pressure
- heat engine
- temperature
- working medium
- heat
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
- F01K25/06—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using mixtures of different fluids
Definitions
- the invention relates to a heat engine working with a cyclic process, comprising
- Such heat engines convert heat energy into work.
- the efficiency of a heat engine is defined as the ratio of work done A to supplied heat energy Q to
- Such heat engines are generally known, for example, as so-called hot-air machines and are described in many thermodynamics textbooks, for example "Thermodynamics” by E. Schmidt, 9th edition, Springer-Verlag 1962, pp. 132-138.
- Two piston machines or turbo machines are connected to one another via a line system with two heat exchangers. Air is the working medium in the piston machines, the pipe system and the heat exchangers.
- Air is the working medium in the piston machines, the pipe system and the heat exchangers.
- the working medium can go through various processes.
- the compression and expansion can be adiabatic (Joule process) or isothermal (Ericson process). In practice, however, such idealized processes can only be approximated.
- Heat engines are disclosed in several different publications, by means of which the efficiency of the heat engine is to be improved:
- DE 41 01 500 AI discloses a working with a cycle heat engine with a cylinder chamber which is limited by a piston.
- a quantity of an evaporable liquid is provided in the cylinder chamber as a working medium at an initial temperature.
- the volume of the Cylinder chamber from an inner dead center by moving the piston outwards to an outer dead center.
- the movement of the piston is stopped for a predetermined period of time.
- condensation of the supercooled vapor of the liquid is initiated. This leads to a sudden drop in pressure.
- the piston is then moved to the inner dead center.
- the cooled condensate is heated to the initial temperature using a heat exchanger.
- the working medium consists of only one component.
- a heat engine of the type mentioned in which the working medium is a two-substance mixture of nitrogen and butane.
- the heat engine consists of a boiler kept at a temperature of 104.5 ° C. and a cylinder connected to the boiler and a heat exchanger arranged in the boiler, which cylinder is closed by a piston.
- the ratio of the concentrations of nitrogen and butane and the starting temperature are chosen so that the two-component mixture at the starting temperature is in the range of retrograde condensation and the starting temperature is between the critical temperatures of nitrogen and butane.
- the efficiency of a heat engine is to be improved by using such a two-substance mixture.
- the invention has for its object to improve the efficiency of a heat engine of the type mentioned.
- the working medium is a multi-substance mixture
- the mixing ratio of the multicomponent mixture, the working pressure range and the working temperature range of the heat engine is chosen such that, based on the behavior of a single-substance working medium, the temperature of the multicomponent mixture in a certain pressure range decreases less with decreasing pressure and rises less with increasing pressure. Such behavior of the working medium has a favorable effect on the efficiency.
- the amount of heat Q ab to be dissipated then becomes smaller and thus the efficiency ⁇ greater (cf. Eq. (2)).
- Such behavior shows, for example, a multi-component mixture of nitrogen and butane in a mixing ratio of approximately 10% nitrogen and 90% butane.
- a multicomponent mixture of nitrogen and carbon dioxide in a mixing ratio of approximately 10% nitrogen and 90% carbon dioxide also exhibits this behavior, as does a multicomponent mixture of hydrogen and carbon dioxide in such a mixing ratio. It has also been shown experimentally that this behavior is promoted by adding water in small amounts.
- Fig.l is a schematic representation and shows a
- FIG. 2 shows in a p-V diagram the changes in the working medium during a cycle in a heat engine.
- a first turbine is designated 10 and a second turbine 12.
- a shaft 14 extends through the two turbines 10 and 12.
- a generator (not shown) for generating electricity can be connected to the shaft 14.
- the first turbine 10 is located on the so-called cold side and the second turbine 12 on the so-called warm side of the heat engine.
- the two turbines 10 and 12 are connected to one another via a line system.
- a first line 16 connects the first turbine 10 to the cold side inlet of a first heat exchanger 18.
- the warm side outlet of the first heat exchanger 18 is connected via a line 20 to the cold side inlet of a second heat exchanger 22.
- the output of the warm side of the second heat exchanger 22 is connected to the second turbine 12 via a line 24.
- a line 26 connects the second turbine 12 to the input of the warm side of the first heat exchanger 18.
- the output of the cold side of the first heat exchanger 18 is connected via a line 20 to the input of the warm side of a third heat exchanger 30.
- the cold side output of the third heat exchanger 30 is connected to the first turbine 10 via a line 32.
- This system forms a closed system in which the working medium of the heat engine is enclosed. The working medium flows in the direction of the arrows in FIG. 1.
- the warm side inlet and the cold side outlet of the second heat exchanger 22 are connected to a first boiler 38 via lines 34 and 36.
- the cold side inlet and the warm side outlet of the third heat exchanger 30 are connected via lines 40 and 42 to a second boiler 44.
- the first boiler 38 is kept at a temperature T 2 .
- the second boiler 44 is kept at a temperature T 4 , where T 2 > T 4 .
- the working medium is compressed in the first turbine 10 to the pressure p ⁇ . It then flows via line 16 into the first heat exchanger 18.
- the working medium is heated from the temperature T x to a temperature T w . This takes place in the counterflow process by simultaneous cooling of the working medium coming from the second turbine 12.
- the working medium then flows further via line 20 into the second heat exchanger 22.
- the working medium is heated from the temperature T w to the temperature T 2 . This takes place in the countercurrent process by simultaneous cooling of the medium coming from the first boiler 38.
- the working medium is then expanded in the second turbine 12, as a result of which work is performed.
- the working medium leaves the second turbine 12 under the pressure p 3 and at the temperature T 3 . It flows via line 26 into the first heat exchanger 18 and is cooled here to a temperature T k .
- the working medium then flows further via line 28 into the third heat exchanger 30.
- the working medium is cooled from the temperature T k to the temperature T t . This is done in a countercurrent process by simultaneous heating of the medium coming from the second boiler 44.
- FIG. 2 shows a pV diagram and swapped the changes in state of the working medium during a passage through the heat engine. The mode of operation of the described heat engine is to be explained on the basis of this state diagram:
- the working medium leaves the first turbine 10 at a pressure p x and at a temperature r T 1 . This corresponds to point I in FIG. 2.
- the temperature of the working medium is increased from T x to T w in the first heat exchanger 18 and T w to T 2 in the second heat exchanger 22.
- the working medium is expanded approximately adiabatically from the pressure p 2 to a pressure p 3 and expanded from the volume V 2 to a volume V 3 , the temperature decreasing from the temperature T 2 to the temperature T 3 .
- the working medium becomes approximately adiabatic from the pressure p 4 to the pressure p : and compressed from the volume V 4 to the volume V x , the temperature changing from the temperature T 4 to the temperature T x .
- the p-V diagram forms a closed curve that encloses a surface and is traversed clockwise.
- the heat engine therefore does mechanical work on every cycle.
- the first turbine 10 works as a compressor and the second turbine 12 as a machine.
- the turbine 10 is driven by the turbine 12 via the shaft 14.
- not only turbines can be used, but also piston machines, for example.
- the heat engine described here works according to the so-called Joule process.
- the invention is not limited to heat engines that work according to this working diagram, but applies to all heat engines.
- a multi-substance mixture is now used as the working medium.
- mixtures of approximately 90% carbon dioxide and approximately 10% nitrogen and mixtures of approximately 90% butane and approximately 10% nitrogen show remarkable properties. These properties are further enhanced when small amounts of water are added to the mixtures.
- the following effects have been observed experimentally: When nitrogen is introduced into a closed container filled with (gaseous and liquid) colonic dioxide at a temperature of 0 ° C., the pressure in the container increases, as expected. Surprisingly, the temperature drops to approx. -10 ° C. The same effect occurs with hydrogen instead of nitrogen, even in an increased form. This effect can also be observed at starting temperatures up to + 20 ° C. The effect is no longer observed above + 20 ° C.
- a mixture of approx. 90% butane and approx. 10% nitrogen behaves differently. If such a mixture is expanded from a pressure of approx. 127 bar to a pressure of approx. 100 bar at an initial temperature of 94 ° C., the temperature of the mixture increases to approx. 127 ° C. If the pressure is increased again to 127 bar, the temperature drops again to the initial temperature. In the case of known substances and mixtures of substances, one can expect a reversed behavior.
- K has an effect on the decay of the adiabatic curve from point II to point III in the state diagram in FIG. 2.
- this property also gives a higher degree of efficiency than with conventional substances or mixtures of substances.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU18770/97A AU1877097A (en) | 1996-02-26 | 1997-02-26 | Cyclic-operation heat engine |
| EP97905088A EP0880640A1 (de) | 1996-02-26 | 1997-02-26 | Mit einem kreisprozess arbeitende wärmekraftmaschine |
| NO983902A NO983902L (no) | 1996-02-26 | 1998-08-25 | Varmekraftmaskin arbeidende med en sirkelprosess |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19608300.1 | 1996-02-26 | ||
| DE19608300A DE19608300A1 (de) | 1996-02-26 | 1996-02-26 | Mit einem Kreisprozeß arbeitende Wärmekraftmaschine |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1997032114A1 true WO1997032114A1 (de) | 1997-09-04 |
Family
ID=7787165
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP1997/000915 Ceased WO1997032114A1 (de) | 1996-02-26 | 1997-02-26 | Mit einem kreisprozess arbeitende wärmekraftmaschine |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0880640A1 (de) |
| AU (1) | AU1877097A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE19608300A1 (de) |
| HU (1) | HUP9901286A3 (de) |
| NO (1) | NO983902L (de) |
| WO (1) | WO1997032114A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19804845C2 (de) * | 1998-01-30 | 2002-10-24 | Werner Malewski | Verfahren zur direkten Umwandlung von thermischer Energie in mechanische Energie |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CH237849A (de) * | 1944-07-24 | 1945-05-31 | Tech Studien Ag | Verfahren zum Betriebe von Wärmekraftanlagen, in welchen ein Arbeitsmittel einen geschlossenen Kreislauf beschreibt. |
| US4242870A (en) * | 1974-08-29 | 1981-01-06 | Searingen Judson S | Power systems using heat from hot liquid |
| EP0059956A2 (de) * | 1981-03-06 | 1982-09-15 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Zurückgewinnung von Energie durch die Verdampfung von Flüssigerdgas |
| WO1995022690A2 (en) * | 1994-02-10 | 1995-08-24 | Longmark Power International, Inc. | Dual brayton-cycle gas turbine power plant utilizing a circulating pressurised fluidized bed combustor |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4553397A (en) * | 1981-05-11 | 1985-11-19 | Soma Kurtis | Method and apparatus for a thermodynamic cycle by use of compression |
| DE4101500A1 (de) * | 1991-01-19 | 1992-07-23 | Doekowa Ges Zur Entwicklung De | Waermekraftmaschine |
| DE4244016C2 (de) * | 1992-12-24 | 1994-10-06 | Ecenal Scient Firm Ltd | Mit einem Kreisprozess arbeitende Wärmekraftmaschine |
-
1996
- 1996-02-26 DE DE19608300A patent/DE19608300A1/de not_active Ceased
-
1997
- 1997-02-26 EP EP97905088A patent/EP0880640A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1997-02-26 WO PCT/EP1997/000915 patent/WO1997032114A1/de not_active Ceased
- 1997-02-26 AU AU18770/97A patent/AU1877097A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-02-26 HU HU9901286A patent/HUP9901286A3/hu unknown
-
1998
- 1998-08-25 NO NO983902A patent/NO983902L/no unknown
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CH237849A (de) * | 1944-07-24 | 1945-05-31 | Tech Studien Ag | Verfahren zum Betriebe von Wärmekraftanlagen, in welchen ein Arbeitsmittel einen geschlossenen Kreislauf beschreibt. |
| US4242870A (en) * | 1974-08-29 | 1981-01-06 | Searingen Judson S | Power systems using heat from hot liquid |
| EP0059956A2 (de) * | 1981-03-06 | 1982-09-15 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Zurückgewinnung von Energie durch die Verdampfung von Flüssigerdgas |
| WO1995022690A2 (en) * | 1994-02-10 | 1995-08-24 | Longmark Power International, Inc. | Dual brayton-cycle gas turbine power plant utilizing a circulating pressurised fluidized bed combustor |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE19608300A1 (de) | 1997-08-28 |
| NO983902L (no) | 1998-10-23 |
| EP0880640A1 (de) | 1998-12-02 |
| HUP9901286A2 (hu) | 1999-08-30 |
| NO983902D0 (no) | 1998-08-25 |
| AU1877097A (en) | 1997-09-16 |
| HUP9901286A3 (en) | 2000-03-28 |
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