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WO1997023760A1 - Procede de fabrication de projectiles en fer pour cartouches de chasse - Google Patents

Procede de fabrication de projectiles en fer pour cartouches de chasse Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1997023760A1
WO1997023760A1 PCT/DK1996/000525 DK9600525W WO9723760A1 WO 1997023760 A1 WO1997023760 A1 WO 1997023760A1 DK 9600525 W DK9600525 W DK 9600525W WO 9723760 A1 WO9723760 A1 WO 9723760A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
shot
iron
sintering
small bodies
bodies
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/DK1996/000525
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Ole Kraemer
Marianne Schmidt
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Danish Technological Institute
Original Assignee
Danish Technological Institute
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Danish Technological Institute filed Critical Danish Technological Institute
Priority to AU13656/97A priority Critical patent/AU1365697A/en
Publication of WO1997023760A1 publication Critical patent/WO1997023760A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C33/0257—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements
    • C22C33/0264—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements the maximum content of each alloying element not exceeding 5%
    • C22C33/0271—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements the maximum content of each alloying element not exceeding 5% with only C, Mn, Si, P, S, As as alloying elements, e.g. carbon steel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B7/00—Shotgun ammunition
    • F42B7/02—Cartridges, i.e. cases with propellant charge and missile
    • F42B7/04—Cartridges, i.e. cases with propellant charge and missile of pellet type
    • F42B7/046—Pellets or shot therefor

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of manufactur ⁇ ing iron shot for hunting cartridges.
  • lead shot in hunting cartridges.
  • Such lead shot are typically spherical and have a diameter which varies dependent on the type of game to be hunted. For example for hunting pheasants and other gamebirds, use is made of lead shot having a diameter of about 3 mm.
  • the known lead shot typically has a density of about 11.3 g/cm 3 .
  • US 3,987,730 also describes composite shot consisting of iron, lead, tin and zinc.
  • These known shot consist of an iron phase which may be in the form of a porous matrix, the voids of which are filled with lead or a lead- containing alloy which imparts a density of as much as 11 g/cm 3 to the shot.
  • DE-OS-2, 453,881 describes a method of manufacturing iron shot having sufficiently high strength to be used for hunting purposes, and which do not cause undue wear on the gun barrel. According to the method conventionally manufactured iron shot are subjected to a heat treatment at a temperature of 593-982 °C in a reducing atmosphere in order to remove carbon from the surface of the iron shot.
  • US-A-2,284,638 describes a method of manufacturing hardenable metal bodies by compacting a mixture of iron powder and iron carbide powder so as to form a coherent body, this body subsequently being heated in a non- oxidizing atmosphere for a sufficient period to obtain sintering of the iron powder particles and diffusion of iron carbide into the mass thus formed, whereby the latter becomes hardenable.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide non- toxic iron shot which do not destroy the tools used for wood-working, and which at the same time have satisfac ⁇ tory strength and penetration power to kill the game.
  • This object is achieved by the method according to the invention, which method is characterized in that essentially carbon free iron powder is compacted so as to form small bodies, and that the small bodies formed are heated for a sufficient period to obtain partial sinter ⁇ ing of the iron particles.
  • the iron shot prepared by the method according to the invention have sufficiently high strength to kill the game without fracturing, and at the same time such brittleness that they disintegrate upon contact with hard objects or surfaces. Such disintegration thus occurs if, having penetrated into wood which is to be cut, they are hit by a veneer knife. The same applies if the shot strike hard road surfaces, ice-covered surfaces, or the like. Hereby the problems of ricocheting, which may arise when using conventional steel shot, are reduced.
  • the iron powder used in the method according to the invention preferably has a high degree of purity and contains only very small amounts of iron oxides.
  • the particle size is preferably within the range 0.01-0.5 mm.
  • the iron powder is compacted so as to form small bodies having larger dimensions than the desired shot, and the small bodies are abraded either before or after the sintering so as to obtain shot having a desired form and size.
  • the compacting is expediently performed by means of such matrices that oblong bodies with rounded ends and circular cross-section are formed.
  • the said oblong bodies When manufacturing approximately spherical shot having a diameter of 3 mm, the said oblong bodies preferably have a length of about 3.5 mm and a diameter of about 3.2 mm.
  • the compacting of the iron powder is typically performed using pressures between 200 and 600 MPa and results in a deformation of the iron powder particles.
  • the partial sintering of the iron particles is preferably performed at a temperature of 700-810 °C, and particularly expediently at a temperature of about 790 °C.
  • the sinter ⁇ ing is preferably performed in a reducing atmosphere, e.g. hydrogen-containing atmosphere, in order to obtain a reduction of any iron oxides.
  • the partial sintering serves to establish punctiform bonds between the deformed iron particles.
  • any lubricating and/or binding agents will evaporate or decompose, so that the sintered bodies obtained essentially consist only of iron.
  • the iron powder used can be admixed with small amounts of one or more additives, such as ferrophosphorus, manganese sulphide, tin and graphite, with a view to changing its sintering temperature, workability etc. In this case it may be a possibility to perform the partial sintering within a temperature range outside the range stated above. Any additives are preferably used in an amount of maximally 5 weight-%.
  • the abrasion of the small bodies formed at the sintering, so as to obtain shot having a desired form and size, is expediently performed by placing the small bodies in a container equipped with a paddle-wheel agitator and containing a suspension of an abrasive, such as aluminium oxide or silicon carbide.
  • an abrasive such as aluminium oxide or silicon carbide.
  • the density of the shot prepared by the method according to the invention is about 7 g/cm 3 , which density combined with the strength of the shot has been found to give satisfactory penetration power.
  • the shot manufac ⁇ tured by the method according to the invention may tend to discolour the wood.
  • the shot are preferably subjected to a surface treatment so as to provide a surface coating on the shot.
  • the surface treatment may e.g. be hot-dip galvanization, zinc electroplating, tinning, or another kind of environment ⁇ ally acceptable surface treatment.
  • the iron powder and the lubricant were mixed in a V-mixer with internal rotor.
  • the mixing time was about 25 minutes for a batch of 4 kg.
  • the powder was cooled to room temperature, whereafter it was ready for compacting.
  • the compacting was performed using a press comprising a top and a bottom piston at a pressure of about 500 MPa.
  • the bodies formed at the compacting had the shape of cylinders with rounded ends.
  • the diameter of the cylinder-shaped portion of the compacted bodies was about 3.2 mm, and the length of the bodies was about 3.5 mm.
  • the compacted bodies which had a density of about 7.3 g/cm 3 , were subsequently abraded so as to obtain essentially spherical shot having a diameter of about 3 mm by making them roll against each other in a container equipped with an agitator and containing an aqueous suspension of fine-grained aluminium oxide.
  • the container had a volume of 5 litres, and the quantity of compacted bodies was about 300 g per portion, which were treated for about 20 minutes. After the abrasion the bodies were cleaned with soap and water, and subsequently dried.
  • the bodies were subjected to a heat treatment in order to effect partial sintering of the iron powder particles.
  • the heat treatment took place in a throughflow furnace, in which the temperature at the inlet was 500 °C, and in which the highest temperature was 790 °C.
  • the bodies were kept at a temperature of about 500 °C for 30 minutes, and subsequently at a temperature of 790 °C for another 30 minutes.
  • the sintering process was performed in a hydrogen atmosphere.
  • the sintered bodies were subsequent ⁇ ly cooled to room temperature for about 30 minutes.
  • the iron shot prepared had a density of about 7.3 g/cm 3 and caused no damage to veneer knives when cutting. The shot remained intact after shooting against hard wood fibreboards and bones.
  • the shot thus prepared had a density of 6.8-7.0 g/cm 3 and were more brittle than the iron shot prepared according to example 1. This manifested itself in that in shooting tests they disintegrated on impact with bones cast in a muscle-like gel.
  • the method according to example 1 was repeated, but using a maximum temperature of 850 °C.
  • the iron shot hereby obtained which had a density of 7.3 g/cm 3 , were so hard that when cutting the shot with veneer knives, the knives suffered damage.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention a trait à un procédé de fabrication de projectiles en fer au titre duquel on comprime de la poudre de fer, quasiment exempte de carbone, de manière à obtenir de petits corps que l'on chauffe durant suffisamment de temps pour fritter partiellement les particules de fer.
PCT/DK1996/000525 1995-12-22 1996-12-12 Procede de fabrication de projectiles en fer pour cartouches de chasse Ceased WO1997023760A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU13656/97A AU1365697A (en) 1995-12-22 1996-12-12 A method of manufacturing iron shot for hunting cartridges

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DK146895 1995-12-22
DK1468/95 1995-12-22

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1997023760A1 true WO1997023760A1 (fr) 1997-07-03

Family

ID=8105157

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/DK1996/000525 Ceased WO1997023760A1 (fr) 1995-12-22 1996-12-12 Procede de fabrication de projectiles en fer pour cartouches de chasse

Country Status (2)

Country Link
AU (1) AU1365697A (fr)
WO (1) WO1997023760A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6640724B1 (en) 1999-08-04 2003-11-04 Olin Corporation Slug for industrial ballistic tool

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2284638A (en) * 1938-08-20 1942-06-02 Frances H Clark Metallurgy of ferrous metals
DE2453881A1 (de) * 1973-12-13 1975-06-19 Little Inc A Weiches eisenschrot
US3987730A (en) * 1973-03-06 1976-10-26 Canadian Patents And Development Limited Iron and lead-containing composite metal shot
EP0718589A1 (fr) * 1994-12-20 1996-06-26 Fiocchi Munizioni Spa Grenaille à surface moletée

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2284638A (en) * 1938-08-20 1942-06-02 Frances H Clark Metallurgy of ferrous metals
US3987730A (en) * 1973-03-06 1976-10-26 Canadian Patents And Development Limited Iron and lead-containing composite metal shot
DE2453881A1 (de) * 1973-12-13 1975-06-19 Little Inc A Weiches eisenschrot
EP0718589A1 (fr) * 1994-12-20 1996-06-26 Fiocchi Munizioni Spa Grenaille à surface moletée

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6640724B1 (en) 1999-08-04 2003-11-04 Olin Corporation Slug for industrial ballistic tool
US7159519B2 (en) 1999-08-04 2007-01-09 Olin Corporation Slug for industrial ballistic tool
US7328658B2 (en) 1999-08-04 2008-02-12 Olin Corporation Slug for industrial ballistic tool
US7891299B2 (en) 1999-08-04 2011-02-22 Olin Corporation Slug for industrial ballistic tool

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU1365697A (en) 1997-07-17

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