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WO1997018847A1 - Nebuliseur a separateur d'aerosol a tourbillon - Google Patents

Nebuliseur a separateur d'aerosol a tourbillon Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1997018847A1
WO1997018847A1 PCT/SE1996/001409 SE9601409W WO9718847A1 WO 1997018847 A1 WO1997018847 A1 WO 1997018847A1 SE 9601409 W SE9601409 W SE 9601409W WO 9718847 A1 WO9718847 A1 WO 9718847A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
aerosol
flow
primary
plate
wall
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/SE1996/001409
Other languages
English (en)
Swedish (sv)
Inventor
Måns ARBORELIUS, Jr.
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ARBORELIUS LOLITA MED VIASOL MARKETING Firma
Original Assignee
ARBORELIUS LOLITA MED VIASOL MARKETING Firma
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ARBORELIUS LOLITA MED VIASOL MARKETING Firma filed Critical ARBORELIUS LOLITA MED VIASOL MARKETING Firma
Priority to AU75919/96A priority Critical patent/AU7591996A/en
Priority to GB9809686A priority patent/GB2321605A/en
Publication of WO1997018847A1 publication Critical patent/WO1997018847A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M11/00—Sprayers or atomisers specially adapted for therapeutic purposes
    • A61M11/06—Sprayers or atomisers specially adapted for therapeutic purposes of the injector type
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M11/00—Sprayers or atomisers specially adapted for therapeutic purposes
    • A61M11/001—Particle size control
    • A61M11/002—Particle size control by flow deviation causing inertial separation of transported particles

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an apparatus for production of submicronic homogeneous aerosol , also recognised as a nebuliser.
  • the invention may advantageously complement the technique described in Swedish patent EPO 01 9101 8.
  • a smaller and more homogeneous aerosol is produced, even if the gas pressure, required to produce the aerosol is only 30-50% of that used with the original construction.
  • the new nebuliser further produces a smaller aerosol in a larger amount and with an equally low or lower gas flow than with the earlier invention.
  • the distribution of aerosol size is also more favourable than with the original version.
  • the invention is not limited to use with EPO 01 9101 8 but may be applied in all nebulisers where a primary aerosol is formed, which expands radially from a baffle in the form of a plate or a bar.
  • An apparatus for production of an aerosol by means of compressed gas, which expands in the apparatus and thereby provides the energy required for production of the aerosol is known from several earlier constructions as for example , SE 449 400 (EPO 01 9 101 8) comprising a liquid container connected to a liquid channel, said liquid channel opens into one or several liquid orifices being located in the vicinity of and being directed substantially perpendicularly towards a first plate; that said liquid orifices are located in a second plate oriented substantially parallel to and being smaller than said first plate; that an air channel opens in an air orifice, preferentially centrally in said second plate surrounded by said liquid orifices that compressed gas expanding between said first and second plate provides energy to create a reduced pressure between said plates which transports liquid from said liquid orifices, said liquid will adhere to said first plate and form a radially expanding film , which film by means of the expanding gas will flow radially over said first plate while thinning out to break into small homogeneous droplets at the edge of said first plate.
  • the present invention relates to an apparatus , as defined in the attached patent claims, for production of medical or technical aerosols having an homogeneous particle size, which ran be varied very much depending on the design of the apparatus and on the gas pressure used to operate it .
  • an aerosol having a high concentration of fluid mainly transported in submicronic particles, having the quality of being retained in small airways or alveoli to more than 90 per cent
  • conventional jet aerosols produce a high percentage of large particles, which mainly settle in the mouth, throat or large airways, where the effect is poor or absent.
  • the apparatus is suitable in the medical discipline for delivering drugs, which are destroyed in the intestines, like insulin and similar peptide hormones and drugs where a rapid effect after resorption or a high effect with a small dose is desired, for example for rapid pain relief with morphine.
  • the apparatus is also suitable for producing technical aerosols of homogeneous size and high density, with high efficiency .
  • the present invention is characterised in that a primary aerosol, preferentially generated in a nebuliser of the kind described in EP0 01 9101 8, and which expands radially , while releasing energy, at a suitable distance impacts on a circular, secondary baffle in the form of the frustum of a cone , which deflects the gas jet and small particles having low inertia towards the bottom of the liquid container, while large particles impact on the baffle wall and drip down into the liquid container.
  • a negative pressure is created in the upper part of the circular baffle, openly communicating with the upper part of the nebuliser housing, and a positive pressure below said baffle and in the liquid container.
  • the upper end of the circular baffle opens into the superior part of the nebuliser housing , but is not connected to a tube opening into the surrounding atmosphere.
  • Driving gas and aerosol will consequently stream around the lower border of circular conical baffle and with accelerating speed be sucked down into the uppermost smaller aperture of said baffle.
  • the ejector flow may be 4-6 times the primary flow and hence > 1 5 L/min .
  • vortex separator influences and modifies the primary aerosol by following mechanisms:
  • Aerosol particles larger than 2 ⁇ m in the vortex flow will when passing the horizontal primary aerosol jet, wet and join, condense with, similar particles in the jet stream, hit the circular baffle, and return to the liquid container, while smaller fractions do not wet each other or large particles and hence follow the vortex flow .
  • this aerosol volume is stored in a bag of a suitable material during the patient' s exhalation , with the effect, that all produced aerosol will be inhaled by the patient
  • An optimum primary flow (driving flow) should therefore be 4,0 to 5,5 1/min.
  • the larger part of the produced aerosol should be delivered to the part of the breath which reaches small airways and alveoli, which corresponds to about 70 per cent of the normal respiratory minute volume of about 8 1/min.
  • a deflector is suitably arranged, forcing gas from the bag towards the region of the vortex flow increasing the amount of respirable particles during the first part of the following inhalation.
  • the character of the aerosol can be varied very much by variation in the design of;
  • Fig.1 shows a vertical longitudinal section of one type of nebuliser according to this invention.
  • Fig. 2. shows a magnified section of the aerosol producing parts.
  • Fig. 3. shows the function of a nebuliser according to the invention.
  • the nebuliser may be constructed in plastic or other suitable material and the quality chosen depending on whether the apparatus is intended for single or multiple use.
  • ( 1 ) denotes the upper part of the nebuliser housing and (2 ) the inferior part of the same, which also is the liquid container, while ( 3) denotes liquid channels , conducting the liquid for formation of aerosol to the top of the exterior case ( 4 ) where the upper end forms an orifice plate (5) .
  • the centre pillar ( 6 ) can be moulded in one part with the liquid container ( 2) or fitted with an O-ring or arranged in another suitable way .
  • the air conduit ( 7 ) ends into the air orifice in the centre of the orifice plate ( 5).
  • An optimum diameter of the Coanda plate (8) is 4 to 8 mm and of the orifice plate ( 5 ) 30 to 75 per cent thereof.
  • the vortex separator (9 ) having the form of a frustum of a cone is connected to the superior surface of the Coanda plate and with the outer case 4 with two or more vertical walls ( 1 0 ) and with a cylinder ( 1 1 ) which fits on the exterior case 4, and with it s position is optimised by, for example, a joggle, on 4 .
  • a similar but somewhat inferior function is obtained if the Coanda plate 8 is substituted by a horizontal bar, preferentially with a flat and with the oriface plate parallel inferior surface, having a width of 1-3 mm.
  • the inhalation mouthpiece is designed ( 1 2) and an one way valve with low resistance ( 1 3 ), while ( 1 4 ) designs the tube leading to the reservoir bag ( 1 5 ) for aerosol and
  • the liquid ducts 3, constitute 2-3 grooves, cut in the surface of the centre pillar each having a surface area of 0,05 to 1 mm 2 .
  • the liquid channels are formed when the exterior case 4 is forced over the centre pillar and open into a number of orifices or a circular slit, around and close to the air orifice in the plane of the orifice plate 5 or as a circular slit in the wall of the air channel 0,2-1 ,5 mm below the surface of the orifice plate.
  • the Coanda plate 8 forces the primary high energy air jet ( a) todeflect horizontally by 90° and by wall effect adhere to it s surface while it spreads radially during pressure drop, over the surface of the plate as the secondary flow (b).
  • the negative pressure created sucks liquid from the liquid orifices and forms a primary aerosol, partly at the impaction on the Coanda plate , partly when the film of air and liquid on the inferior surface of the Coanda plate is liberated at it s border and spreads radially as the secondary flow ( b ), which contains aerosol particles of different sizes from submicronic to about 100 ⁇ m.
  • the aerosol jet b is partially deflected as the tertiary flow (c) , towards the bottom of the container . Particles bigger than 10 ⁇ m mainly adhere to the wall 9 of the vortex separator, while smaller fractions mainly join the flow c.
  • the ejector effect of the expanding flow b and the initially downward flow c create a negative pressure in the upper part of the vortex separator and a pronounced positive pressure in the space below the vortex separator, which is equalised when the flow (c) initiates a vortex flow (c-d) around the periphery of the vortex separator.
  • the rapid flow large particles will impact and disappear when the flow (c), turns upwards between the lower border of the wall 9 and the container wall 2 , and at the abrupt and narrow change of direction when entering the superior opening of the vortex separator.
  • the vortex flow (c-d) thereafter passes almost perpendicularly through the secondary flow (b), which contains the primarily formed aerosol.
  • Particles in this aerosol being smaller than 2 ⁇ m, are towed into the flow (c-d) which increases the fraction of small particles in the flow (d) below (b), which joins the initiating vortex flow (c). Particles larger than 2 ⁇ m condense, join other large particles and impact onto the wall of the vortex separator.
  • the flow through the vortex separator must, however, be modified by the primary flow, by the angle of the wall of the vortex separator in relation to the flow (b) and by the area of the superior opening of the vortex separator 9, because a to potent vortex flow (c-d), may cause that also large particles in flow (b) do not impact onto the wall 9 but join the vortex flow.
  • a fraction of particles larger than 10 ⁇ m may then disturb the quality of the delivered aerosol.
  • optimised flows and diameters of the vortex separator a very concentrated and small aerosol is obtained already with moderate primary flows and pressures, like 2-5 L/min and 1 -2 Bar (1 00-200 kPa).
  • a flow (e) of the same sizze as the primary flow (a), will stream into the reservoir bag 1 5 through the tube 14.
  • the rapid inhalation flow at the beginning creates the flow (f) which is directed towards the aerosol formation zone by the deflector wall 16 and continues to the patient's airways as the flow (g), which once the reservoir bag 1 5 is empty will be equal to flow (a).
  • Means for providing surrounding air in the form of a vaive or a suitably dimensioned hole thus should be arranged in the mouthpiece in order to admit inhalation when the bag 15 is empty and to allow exhalation.
  • the invention is of course not limited to to this realisation , but the vortex separator may improve all primary aerosols.

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Anesthesiology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
  • Separating Particles In Gases By Inertia (AREA)
  • Fats And Perfumes (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention porte sur un nébuliseur à séparateur d'aérosol à tourbillon. Il est préférable, lors de la préparation d'aérosols à des fins médicales ou techniques, que l'aérosol contienne une concentration élevéee de petites particules même sous de faibles débits gazeux. Il est possible de satisfaire à cette exigence en utilisant un flux primaire (a) de gaz comprimé qui, après avoir frappé un écran primaire, une plaque ou une barre (8), forme un flux d'aérosol à expansion radiale (b). Ce flux d'aérosol heurte un écran circulaire tronconique, le séparateur à tourbillon, pourvu d'une paroi (9) à 45° environ par rapport au flux (b). Celui-ci (b) est dévié vers le fond du nébuliseur et, par effet d'éjection, produit un puissant flux (c-d) se mettant à tourner autour de la paroi (9). Les particules de grande taille disparaissent du fait des chocs contre la paroi (9), par condensation avec d'autres particules identiques dans les flux (b et c-d) et en raison de rapides changements de direction dans le flux (c), tandis que de petites particules du flux primaire (b), qui disparaissent dans une large mesure du fait des chocs contre la paroi (9), suivent le flux (c-d) dans lequel elles se concentrent.
PCT/SE1996/001409 1995-11-07 1996-11-04 Nebuliseur a separateur d'aerosol a tourbillon Ceased WO1997018847A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU75919/96A AU7591996A (en) 1995-11-07 1996-11-04 Nebuliser with vortex aerosol separator
GB9809686A GB2321605A (en) 1995-11-07 1996-11-04 Nebuliser with vortex aerosol separator

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE9503911-1 1995-11-07
SE9503911A SE516774C2 (sv) 1995-11-07 1995-11-07 Aerosolapparat med turboseparator

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1997018847A1 true WO1997018847A1 (fr) 1997-05-29

Family

ID=20400096

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/SE1996/001409 Ceased WO1997018847A1 (fr) 1995-11-07 1996-11-04 Nebuliseur a separateur d'aerosol a tourbillon

Country Status (4)

Country Link
AU (1) AU7591996A (fr)
GB (1) GB2321605A (fr)
SE (1) SE516774C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO1997018847A1 (fr)

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0170715A1 (fr) * 1984-08-09 1986-02-12 Inge Brugger Dispositif de pulvérisation
WO1993001891A1 (fr) * 1991-07-16 1993-02-04 The University Of Leeds Nebuliseur

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0170715A1 (fr) * 1984-08-09 1986-02-12 Inge Brugger Dispositif de pulvérisation
WO1993001891A1 (fr) * 1991-07-16 1993-02-04 The University Of Leeds Nebuliseur

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB9809686D0 (en) 1998-07-01
AU7591996A (en) 1997-06-11
SE516774C2 (sv) 2002-02-26
SE9503911D0 (sv) 1995-11-07
GB2321605A (en) 1998-08-05
SE9503911L (sv) 1997-05-08

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