WO1997017324A1 - Aromatic thioether acylation method - Google Patents

Abstract

An aromatic thioether acylation method is disclosed. In a preferred embodiment, the method comprises condensing acetic anhydride or acetyl chloride with thioanisole. According to said aromatic thioether acylation method, said thioether is reacted with an acylating agent selected from the group which consists of carboxylic acid halides and carboxylic acid anhydrides, in the presence of an effective amount of an acid zeolite.

Description

 PROCESS FOR ACYLATION OF AN AROMATIC THIOETHER.

The present invention relates to a process for the acylation of an aromatic thioether.

In its preferred variant, the invention resides in a process for the condensation of acetic anhydride or acetyl chloride with thioanisole.

In the following description of the present invention, the term "aromatic thioether" means an aromatic compound in which a hydrogen atom directly linked to the aromatic nucleus is replaced by a thioether group and by "aromatic compound", the conventional notion of aromaticity as defined in the literature, in particular by Jerry March, Advanced Organic Chemistry, 4 ^Bme edition, John Wiley and Sons, 1992, pp. 40 and following.

It has been found, and this is what constitutes the object of the present invention, a process for the acylation of an aromatic thioether, characterized in that it consists in reacting said thioether with an acylating agent chosen from the group formed by carboxylic acid halides and carboxylic acid anhydrides, in the presence of an effective amount of an acid zeolite.

More specifically, the subject of the present invention is a process for the acylation of an aromatic thioether of general formula (I):

SR '

dans laquelle : ^&

in which :

- A symbolizes the remainder of a cycle forming all or part of an aromatic, monocyclic or polycyclic carbocyclic system, system comprising at least one group SR ': said cyclic residue being able to carry one or more substituents, - R represents one or more substituents , identical or different,

- R 'represents an optionally substituted hydrocarbon radical having from 1 to

24 carbon atoms, which can be a saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched acyclic aliphatic radical; a saturated, unsaturated or aromatic, monocyclic or polycyclic cycloaliphatic radical; a saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched aliphatic radical, carrying a cyclic substituent, - R 'and R can form a cycle optionally comprising another heteroatom,

- n represents the number of substituents on the cycle.

In the present text, the term "thioether groups" denotes, in a simplified manner, groups of the type -S-R 'in which R' has the meaning given above. R 'therefore represents both an acyclic or cycloaliphatic, saturated, unsaturated or aromatic aliphatic radical as well as a saturated or unsaturated aliphatic radical carrying a cyclic substituent.

The aromatic thioether which is involved in the process of the invention corresponds to formula (I) in which R 'represents an acyclic aliphatic radical, saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched.

More preferably, R ′ represents a linear or branched alkyl radical having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 6 carbon atoms: the hydrocarbon chain can possibly be interrupted by a heteroatom (for example, oxygen), by a functional group (for example

-CO-) and / or carrying a substituent (for example, a halogen).

The acyclic, saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched aliphatic radical may optionally carry a cyclic substituent. The term “ring” is preferably understood to mean a saturated, unsaturated or aromatic carbocyclic ring, preferably cycloaliphatic or aromatic, in particular cycloaliphatic ring comprising 6 carbon atoms in the ring or benzene.

The acyclic aliphatic radical can be linked to the ring by a valential bond, a heteroatom or a functional group and examples are given above. The ring can be optionally substituted and, by way of examples of cyclic substituents, it is possible, among others, to consider substituents such as R, the meaning of which is specified for formula (la).

R 'can also represent a saturated carbocyclic radical or comprising 1 or 2 unsaturations in the ring, generally having from 3 to 8 carbon atoms, preferably 6 carbon atoms in the ring; said cycle being able to be substituted with substituents such as R.

R 'can also represent an aromatic carbocyclic radical, preferably a monocyclic radical generally having at least 4 carbon atoms, preferably 6 carbon atoms in the ring; said cycle being able to be substituted with substituents such as R.

The process of the invention applies very particularly to aromatic thioethers of formula (I) in which R ′ represents a linear or branched alkyl radical having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a phenyl radical. As examples of radicals R 'preferred according to the invention, mention may be made of methyl and ethyl radicals.

In the general formula (I) of aromatic thioethers, the residue A may represent the remainder of an aromatic, monocyclic carbocyclic compound having at least 4 carbon atoms and preferably 6 carbon atoms or the remainder of a polycyclic carbocyclic compound which can be constituted by at least 2 aromatic carbocycles and forming between them ortho- or ortho- and pericondensed systems or by at least 2 carbocycles of which at least one of them is aromatic and forming between them ortho- or ortho systems - and pericondensed. Mention may more particularly be made of a naphthalene residue.

The remainder A can carry one or more substituents on the aromatic ring.

The number of substituents present on the cycle depends on the carbon condensation of the cycle and on the presence or not of unsaturations on the cycle.

The maximum number of substituents likely to be carried by a cycle, is easily determined by a person skilled in the art.

In the present text, the term "several" is generally understood to mean less than 4 substituents on an aromatic ring. Examples of substituents are given below, but this list is not limiting.

Any substituent can be present on the cycle as long as it does not interfere with the desired product.

The process of the invention applies more particularly to aromatic thioethers of formula (la):

SR '

(R) _n

(la) in which: - n is a number less than or equal to 4, preferably equal to 0, 1 or 2,

- the radical R 'represents an alkyl radical, linear or branched, having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, optionally interrupted by an oxygen atom or a carbonyl group and / or carrying d one or more halogen atoms, preferably a chlorine atom, or a phenyl radical,

- the radical (s) R represent one of the following atoms or groups:

. a hydrogen atom,

. an alkyl radical, linear or branched, having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, . a linear or branched alkenyl radical having from 2 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably from 2 to 4 carbon atoms, such as vinyl, allyl,. a cyclohexyl or benzyl radical,

. a linear or branched alkoxy radical having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 4 carbon atoms such as the methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, isobutoxy, sec-butoxy, tert-butoxy, radicals. an acyl group having from 2 to 6 carbon atoms,. a hydroxyl group,

. a halogen atom, preferably a fluorine, chlorine or bromine atom, a trifluoromethyl radical,

. an amine group,

- two R groups placed on two vicinal carbon atoms can form together and with the carbon atoms which carry them a benzene ring, - the radicals SR 'and R and the 2 successive atoms of the benzene ring can form between them, a ring having from 5 to 7 atoms, possibly including another heteroatom.

When n is greater than or equal to 1, the radicals R ′ and R and the 2 successive atoms of the benzene ring can be linked together by an alkylene, alkenylene or alkenylidene radical having from 2 to 4 carbon atoms to form a saturated heterocycle, unsaturated or aromatic having 5 to 7 carbon atoms. One or more carbon atoms can be replaced by another heteroatom, preferably sulfur. Thus, the radicals SR ′ and R can represent a methylene dithio or ethylene dithio radical. The process of the invention applies more particularly to aromatic thioethers of formula (la) in which n is equal to 1, the radical R ′ represents an alkyl radical having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms and R represents an atom of hydrogen, an alkyl or alkoxy radical having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a hydroxyl group. By way of illustration of compounds corresponding to formula (I), there may be mentioned more particularly:

- thioanisole,

- o-thiocresol,

- m-thiocresol, - p-thiocresol,

- 2-thioethylnaphthalene,

- S-phenylthioacetate,

- 3- (methylmercapto) aniline, - S-phenylthiopropionate.

The compound to which the process according to the invention applies more particularly advantageously is thioanisole.

It is desirable to use an aromatic thioether having good chemical purity. A purity of at least 97% is desirable.

It may prove necessary to purify the starting substrate, for example by distillation insofar as it contains impurities capable of poisoning the zeolitic catalyst.

As regards the acylation reagent, it is chosen from the group formed by the halides of carboxylic acids and the anhydrides of carboxylic acids. Said derivatives preferably come from aliphatic, saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched carboxylic acids or cycloaliphatic acids, optionally substituted, saturated or unsaturated. They correspond more particularly to formula (II):

dans laquelle :V

in which :

- R- | represented :

. a saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched aliphatic radical having from 1 to 24 carbon atoms; a cycloaliphatic radical, saturated or unsaturated, monocyclic or polycyclic, having from 3 to 12 carbon atoms;

- X 'represents:

. a halogen atom, preferably a chlorine or bromine atom,. a radical -O-CO-R2 with R2, identical or different from R ^, having the same meaning as Ri: Ri and R2 can together form a divalent aliphatic saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched radical, having at least 2 carbon atoms .

By cyclic substituent, we refer to what is described above. More preferably, R- _\ represents a linear or branched alkyl radical having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 6 carbon atoms: the hydrocarbon chain can possibly be interrupted by a heteroatom (for example, oxygen) , by a functional group (for example - CO-) and / or carrying a substituent (for example, a halogen or a group CF ₃ ).

R _i preferably represents an alkyl radical having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl. R 1 also represents an alkenyl radical having from 2 to 10 carbon atoms, such as vinyl, propen-yl, buten-yl, penten-yl, hexen-yl, octen-yl, decen-yl.

The radical R- _\ also represents a non-aromatic radical, preferably a cycloaliphatic radical, for example a cyclohexyl radical, which can be optionally substituted. Any substituent can be present on the cycle as long as it does not interfere with the desired product.

As more specific examples of substituents, mention may be made, in particular:. an alkyl radical, linear or branched, having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl,

. a linear or branched alkoxy radical having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 4 carbon atoms such as the methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, isobutoxy, sec-butoxy, tert-butoxy radicals,

. a halogen atom, preferably a fluorine, chlorine or bromine atom. The preferred acylating agents are acid anhydrides. They correspond more particularly to formula (II) in which R 1 and R 2 are identical and represent an alkyl radical having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, optionally carrying halogen atoms, preferably chlorine.

When the acylating agent is an acid halide, it preferably corresponds to formula (II) in which X 'represents a chlorine atom and R ^ represents an alkyl radical having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, preferably , methyl or ethyl optionally carrying halogen atoms, preferably chlorine.

By way of illustration of acylating agents corresponding to formula (II), there may be mentioned more particularly:

- acetic anhydride,

- propanoic anhydride, - isobutyric anhydride,

- trifluoroacetic anhydride,

- trichloroacetic anhydride,

- monochloroacetyl anhydride,

- dichloroacetyl anhydride, - acetyl chloride,

- monochloroacetyl chloride,

- dichloroacetyl chloride,

- propanoyl chloride, - isobutanoyl chloride,

- pivaloyl chloride,

- crotonyl chloride.

According to the process of the invention, the acylation reaction is carried out in the presence of a catalyst consisting of an acid zeolite.

By "zeolite" is meant a crystallized tectosilicate of natural or synthetic origin whose crystals result from the three-dimensional assembly of tetrahedral units of S1O4 and TO4: T representing a trivalent element such as aluminum, gallium, boron, iron, preferably aluminum. The aluminosilicate type zeolites are the most common.

Zeolites present within the crystal lattice, a system of cavities linked together by channels of a well-defined diameter called pores.

Zeolites can have a network of one-dimensional, two-dimensional or three-dimensional channels.

In the process of the invention, use may be made of a natural or synthetic zeolite.

As examples of natural zeolites which may be used, there may be mentioned, for example: chabazite, clinoptilolite, erionite, phillipsite, offerite.

Synthetic zeolites are entirely suitable for implementing the invention.

Examples of synthetic zeolites with a one-dimensional network include, among others, zeolite ZSM-4, zeolite L, zeolite ZSM-12, zeolite ZSM-22, zeolite ZSM-23, zeolite ZSM-48.

By way of examples of zeolites with a two-dimensional network preferably used, mention may be made of mordenite, ferrierite.

With regard to the zeolites with three-dimensional lattice, one can name more particularly, the zeolite β, the zeolite Y, the zeolite X, the zeolite ZSM-5, the zeolite ZSM-11, the offerite.

We preferentially use synthetic zeolites and more particularly zeolites which are in the following forms:

- the mazzite with an Si / Ai molar ratio of 3.4,

- the zeolite L with an Si / Ai molar ratio of 1.5 to 3.5, - the mordenite with an Si / Ai molar ratio of 5 to 150, preferably from 10 to 100 and even more preferably from 10 to 25,

- the ferrierite with a Si / Ai molar ratio of 3 to 10,

- the offer of Si / Ai molar ratio from 4 to 8.5. - β zeolites with an Si / Ai molar ratio greater than 8, preferably between 10 and 35, and even more preferably between 12 and 35,

- Y zeolites, in particular zeolites obtained after dealumination treatment (for example hydrotreatment, washing with hydrochloric acid or treatment with SiCl 4> and mention may more particularly be made of US-Y zeolites with a Si / molar ratio Ai greater than 3, preferably between 6 and 60;

the zeolite X of the faujasite type with an Si / Ai molar ratio of 0.7 to 1.5,

- ZSM-5 zeolites or aluminum silicalite with Si / Ai molar ratio from 10 to 500,

- ZSM-11 zeolite with an Si / Ai molar ratio of 5 to 30.

Among all these zeolites, use is preferably made in the process of the invention of β zeolites.

The zeolites used in the process of the invention are known products described in the literature [cf. Atlas of zeolites structure types by W. M. Meier and D. H. Oison published by the Structure Commission of the International Zeolite Association (1992)].

One can use commercially available zeolites or else synthesize them according to the methods described in the literature. We can refer to the aforementioned Atlas, and more particularly, for the preparation:

- from zeolite L to the publication by Barrer R. M. et al, Z. Kristallogr., 12S, pp. 352 (1969)

- From the zeolite ZSM-12, to US patent 3,832,449 and to the article LaPierre et al, Zeolites 5, pp. 346 (1985),

- from the zeolite ZSM-22, to the publication Kokotailo G.T. et al, Zeolites 5, pp. 349 (1985).

- From the zeolite ZSM-23, to US Pat. No. 4,076,842 and to the article Rohrman A. C. et al, Zeolites 5, pp. 352 (1985), - from the zeolite ZSM-48, to the work of Schlenker J. L. et al, Zeolites ≥, pp.

355 (1985),

- from the β zeolite, to US patent 3,308,069 and to the article Caullet P. et al, Zeolites

12, pp. 240 (1992),

- from mordenite, to the works of Itabashi et al, Zeolites β, pp. 30 (1986), - from zeolites X and Y respectively to patents US 2,882,244 and US 3,130,007,

- from the zeolite ZSM-5, to US patent 3,702,886 and to the article Shiralkar VP et al, Zeolites 3, pp. 363 (1989), - from the zeolite ZSM-11, to the work of Harrison ID et al, Zeolites Z, pp. 21

(1987).

The zeolite constitutes the catalytic phase. It can be used alone or mixed with a mineral matrix. In the description, the term “catalyst” will denote the catalyst produced entirely from a zeolite or from a mixture with a matrix prepared according to techniques known to those skilled in the art.

To this end, the matrix can be chosen from metal oxides, such as aluminum, silicon and / or zirconium oxides, or also from clays and more particularly, kaolin, talc or montmorillonite. In the catalyst, the active phase content represents from 5 to 100% of the weight of the catalyst.

The catalysts can be in different forms in the process of the invention: powder, shaped products such as granules (for example, extruded or balls), pellets, which are obtained by extrusion, molding, compacting or any other type of known process. In practice, on the industrial level, it is the forms of granules or beads which have the most advantages both in terms of efficiency and in terms of ease of use.

Whatever zeolite is chosen, a treatment is made if necessary which makes it acidic.

For this purpose, conventional treatments are used.

Thus, the alkali cations can be exchanged by subjecting the zeolite to a treatment carried out with ammonia thus leading to an exchange of the alkaline cation with an ammonium ion and then to calcining the exchanged zeolite in order to thermally decompose the ammonium cation and replace it with an H + ion.

The quantity of ammonia to be used is at least equal to the quantity necessary to exchange all the alkaline cations into NH ₄ + ions.

We therefore put at least 10 ^{* 5} to 5.1 O ^{* 3} mole of ammonia per gram of zeolite into play.

The exchange reaction of the cation exchangeable with NH ₄ + is carried out at a temperature which is between ambient temperature and the reflux temperature of the reaction medium. The operation lasts a few hours and can be repeated. The zeolite can also be acidified by subjecting it to conventional acid treatment. This treatment can be carried out by adding an acid such as in particular hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, perchloric acid, phosphoric acid and trifluoromethanesulfonic acid. According to a preferred embodiment, the zeolite is acidified by passing a volume of acid having a normality of between 0.1 and 2 N per gram of zeolite between 10 ml / g and 100 ml / g. This passage can be carried out in a single step or preferably in several successive steps.

According to the invention, the acylation reaction is advantageously carried out in the liquid phase comprising the aromatic thioether and the acylating agent, in the presence of the catalyst.

One of the starting reagents can serve as reaction solvent but it is also possible to use an organic solvent.

As examples of solvents suitable for the present invention, there may be mentioned in particular aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbons, halogenated or not, aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic ether-oxides.

As examples of aliphatic hydrocarbons, there may be mentioned more particularly paraffins such as in particular, hexane, heptane, octane, nonane, decane, undecane, dodecane, tetradecane or cyclohexane , and naphthalene and aromatic hydrocarbons and more particularly aromatic hydrocarbons such as in particular benzene, toluene, xylenes, cumene, petroleum fractions consisting of a mixture of alkylbenzenes, in particular cuts of the Solvesso® type.

With regard to aliphatic or aromatic halogenated hydrocarbons, there may be mentioned more particularly, perchlorinated hydrocarbons such as in particular tetrachlorethylene, hexachloroethane; partially chlorinated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, chloroform, 1, 2-dichloroethane, 1, 1, 1-trichloroethane, 1, 1, 2,2-tetrachloroethane, pentachloroethane, trichlorethylene, 1 -chlorobutane, 1,2-dichlorobutane; monochlorobenzene, 1,2-dichlorobenzene, 1,3-dichlorobenzene, 1,4-dichlorobenzene, 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene or mixtures of different chlorobenzenes; bromoform, bromoethane or 1,2-dibromoethane; monobromobenzene or mixtures of monobromobenzene with one or more dibromobenzenes; 1- bromonaphthalene.

It is also possible to use, as organic solvents, aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic ether-oxides and, more particularly, diethyl ether, dipropyl ether, diisopropyl ether, dibutyl ether, methyltertiobutyl ether , dipentyl oxide, diisopentyl oxide, dimethyl ether of ethylene glycol (or 1,2-dimethoxyethane), dimethyl ether of diethyleneglycol (or 1,5-dimethoxy 3-oxapentane); benzyl oxide; dioxane, tetrahydrofuran (THF).

As examples of aprotic, more polar organic solvents which can also be used in the process of the invention, there may be mentioned more particularly nitro compounds such as, for example, nitromethane, nitroethane, 1-nitropropane, 2- nitropropane or their mixtures, nitrobenzene; alphatic or aromatic nitriles such as acetonitrile, propionitrile, butanenitrile, isobutanenitrile, benzonitrile, benzyl cyanide; linear or cyclic carboxamides such as N, N-dimethylacetamide (DMAC), N, N-diethylacetamide, dimethylformamide (DMF), diethylformamide or 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP); dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO); tetramethylenesulfone (sulfolane); hexamethylphosphotriamide (HMPT).

The preferred solvents are: dichloromethane, tetrachloromethane, THF and diethyl ether.

It is also possible to use a mixture of organic solvents. Preferably, the starting substrate is used as the reaction solvent.

As mentioned previously, the aromatic thioether is reacted with an acylating agent, optionally in the presence of a reaction solvent as defined and in the presence of a zeolitic catalyst.

The ratio between the number of moles of aromatic thioether and the number of moles of acylating agent can vary because the substrate can serve as a reaction solvent. Thus, the ratio can range from 0.1 to 10, and is preferably between 0.5 and 4.0.

The amount of catalyst which is used in the process of the invention can vary within wide limits.

When the process is carried out batchwise, the catalyst may represent, by weight relative to the aromatic thioether used, from 0.01 to 50%, preferably from 5 to 25%. However, if the process is carried out continuously, for example by reacting a mixture of the aromatic thioether and the acylating agent on a fixed bed of catalyst, these catalyst / aromatic thioether ratios are meaningless and at a given moment, it is possible to have an excess weight of catalyst relative to the starting aromatic thioether. As regards the quantity of organic solvent used, it is generally chosen such that the ratio between the number of moles of organic solvent and the number of moles of aromatic thioether preferably varies between 0 and 100 and even more preferably between 0 and 50. The temperature at which the acylation reaction is carried out depends on the reactivity of the starting substrate and that of the acylating agent.

It is between 20 ° C and 300 ° C, preferably between 40 ° C and 200 ° C.

Generally, the reaction is carried out at atmospheric pressure, but lower or higher pressures may also be suitable. One works under autogenous pressure when the reaction temperature is higher than the boiling point of the reactants and / or of the products.

From a practical point of view, the process can be carried out batchwise or continuously. According to the first variant, there are no constraints with regard to the use of the reagents. They can be entered in any order.

After bringing the reactants into contact, the reaction mixture is brought to the desired temperature.

The other variant of the invention consists in carrying out the reaction continuously, in a tubular reactor comprising the solid catalyst placed in a fixed bed.

The aromatic thioether and the acylating agent can be introduced separately or as a mixture into the reactor.

They can also be introduced into a solvent as mentioned above. The residence time of the material flow on the catalytic bed varies, for example, between 15 min and 10 hours, and preferably between 30 min and 5 hours.

At the end of the reaction, a liquid phase is recovered comprising the acylated aromatic thioether which can be recovered in a conventional manner, by distillation or by recrystallization from an appropriate solvent, for example water or alcohols (methanol, ethanol), after preliminary elimination. excess reagents.

The process of the invention is particularly well suited to the preparation of 4- (methylthio) acetophenone, by acetylation of thioanisole.

An advantage of the process of the invention is that the acylation reaction is carried out without there being an S-dealkylation of the starting aromatic thioether.

The examples which follow illustrate the invention without however limiting it.

In the examples, the yields mentioned correspond to the following definition: number of moles of acylated aromatic thioether formed

Yield: RRA.A. = **> number of moles of acylating agent introduced

The examples which follow illustrate the invention without however limiting it. Example 1:

In this example, a β zeolite is used whose Si / Ai ratio is 12.5 sold by the company PQ Zeolites under the reference CVB 811BL25.

The following are charged to a 30 ml closed reactor:

- 5 g (40 mmol) of thioanisole sold by Aldrich (purity = 97%),

- 2.05 g (20 mmol) of acetic anhydride,

- 0.5 g of said β zeolite, previously calcined at 550 ° C, under dry air flow.

The reactor is heated at 90 ° C for 8 hours.

After 8 hours, the reaction mixture is filtered and then analyzed by vapor phase chromatography.

A reaction yield of 60% is obtained.

Example Z:

The following are charged to a 30 ml closed reactor:

- 35 g (282 mmol) of said thioanisole,

- 28.7 g (282 mmol) of acetic anhydride, - 3.5 g of the β zeolite described in Example 1, previously calcined at

550 ° C, under dry air flow. The reactor is heated at 90 ° C for 8 hours.

After 12 hours, the reaction mixture is filtered and then analyzed by vapor phase chromatography. A reaction yield of 45% is obtained.

Example 3:

The following example is a comparative example. The following are charged into a 30 ml closed reactor: 2.5 g of acetic acid,

- 1 ml of thioanisole in 50 ml of chlorobenzene.

0.5 g of the β zeolite described in Example 1 is then added. After 10 hours at 200 ° C., the formation of acetothioanisole is not detected.

Claims

1 - Process for the acylation of an aromatic thioether, characterized in that it consists in reacting said thioether with an acylating agent chosen from the group formed by the halides of carboxylic acids and the anhydrides of carboxylic acids, in the presence of an effective amount of an acidic zeolite. 2 - Process according to claim 1 characterized in that the aromatic thioether corresponds to the general formula (I): SR ' ^Ô

- in which : A symbolizes the remainder of a cycle forming all or part of an aromatic, monocyclic or polycyclic carbocyclic system, system comprising at least one group SR ′: said cyclic residue being able to carry one or more substituents, - R represents one or more substituents, identical or different, - R 'represents an optionally substituted hydrocarbon radical having from 1 to 24 carbon atoms, which can be a saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched acyclic aliphatic radical; a saturated, unsaturated or aromatic, monocyclic or polycyclic cycloaliphatic radical; a saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched aliphatic radical, carrying a cyclic substituent, - R 'and R can form a ring optionally comprising another heteroatom, - n represents the number of substituents on the ring. 3 - Method according to one of claims 1 and 2 characterized in that the aromatic thioether corresponds to the general formula (I) in which R 'represents: - an acyclic aliphatic radical, saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched, preferably a linear or branched alkyl radical having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 6 carbon atoms: the hydrocarbon chain can possibly be interrupted by a heteroatom, a functional group and / or carrying a substituent, - an acyclic, saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched aliphatic radical carrying an optionally substituted cyclic substituent: said acyclic radical possibly being linked to the ring by a valential bond, a heteroatom or a functional group, - a saturated carbocyclic radical or comprising 1 or 2 unsaturations in the ring, generally having 3 to 8 carbon atoms, preferably 6 carbon atoms in the ring; said cycle can be substituted. - an aromatic carbocyclic radical, preferably monocyclic generally having at least 4 carbon atoms, preferably 6 carbon atoms in the ring; said cycle can be substituted. 4 - Process according to claim 1 characterized in that the aromatic thioether corresponds to the general formula (I) in which R 'represents a linear or branched alkyl radical having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, preferably a methyl radical or a phenyl radical. 5 - Method according to one of claims 1 to 3 characterized in that the aromatic thioether corresponds to the general formula (I) in which the residue A represents the remainder of an aromatic, monocyclic carbocyclic compound having at least 4 atoms of carbon and preferably 6 carbon atoms or the remainder of a polycyclic carbocyclic compound: the remainder A being able to carry one or more substituents on the aromatic ring. 6 - Method according to one of claims 1 to 3 characterized in that the aromatic thioether corresponds to formula (la):

in which : - n is a number less than or equal to 4, preferably equal to 0, 1 or 2, - the radical R 'represents an alkyl radical, linear or branched, having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, optionally interrupted by an oxygen atom or a carbonyl group and / or carrying one or more halogen atoms, preferably a chlorine atom, or a phenyl radical, - the radical (s) R represent one of the following atoms or groups: . a hydrogen atom, . an alkyl radical, linear or branched, having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl,. a linear or branched alkenyl radical having from 2 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably from 2 to 4 carbon atoms, such as vinyl, allyl, . a cyclohexyl or benzyl radical, . a linear or branched alkoxy radical having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 4 carbon atoms such as the methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, isobutoxy, sec-butoxy, tert-butoxy, radicals. an acyl group having from 2 to 6 carbon atoms, . a hydroxyl group,. a halogen atom, preferably a fluorine, chlorine or bromine atom, a trifluoromethyl radical,. an amine group, - two R groups placed on two vicinal carbon atoms can form together and with the carbon atoms which carry them a benzene ring, - the radicals SR 'and R and the 2 successive atoms of the benzene ring can form between them , a ring having 5 to 7 atoms, optionally comprising another heteroatom. 7 - Process according to claim 6 characterized in that the aromatic thioether corresponds to formula (la) in which n is greater than or equal to 1, the radicals R 'and R and the 2 successive atoms of the benzene ring can be linked between them by an alkylene, alkenylene or alkenylidene radical having from 2 to 4 carbon atoms to form a saturated, unsaturated or aromatic heterocycle having from 5 to 7 carbon atoms in which one or more carbon atoms can be replaced by a heteroatom, preferably sulfur: the radicals SR ′ and R preferably forming a methylene dithio or ethylene dithio radical. 8 - Method according to one of claims 6 and 7 characterized in that the aromatic thioether corresponds to formula (la) in which n is equal to 1, the radical R 'represents an alkyl radical having from 1 to 4 atoms of carbon and R represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl or alkoxy radical having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a hydroxyl group. 9 - Process according to claim 1 and 2 characterized in that the aromatic thioether is thioanisole. 10 - Method according to one of claims 1 to 9 characterized in that the acylating agent responds to the

in which : - Ri represents: . a saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched aliphatic radical having from 1 to 24 carbon atoms; a cycloaliphatic radical, saturated or unsaturated, monocyclic or polycyclic, having from 3 to 12 carbon atoms; - X 'represents: . a halogen atom, preferably a chlorine or bromine atom,. a radical -O-CO-R2 with R ₂ , identical or different from R- |, having the same meaning as Ri: R ^ and R _{2 which} can together form a divalent aliphatic saturated or unsaturated radical, linear or branched, having at least 2 carbon atoms. 11 - Process according to claim 10 characterized in that the acylating agent corresponds to formula (II) in which in which X 'represents a chlorine atom and R < _\ represents a linear or branched alkyl radical having 1 with 12 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 4 atoms: the hydrocarbon chain possibly being interrupted by a heteroatom or by a functional group or carrier of substituents, preferably of halogen atoms; X 'represents a radical -O-CO-R2. in which R ₁ and R ₂ are identical and represent an alkyl radical having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms optionally carrying halogen atoms. 12 - Process according to claim 10 and 11 characterized in that the acylating agent is chosen from: - acetic anhydride, - propanoic anhydride, - isobutyric anhydride, - trifluoroacetic anhydride, - trichloroacetic anhydride, - monochloroacetyl anhydride, - dichloroacetyl anhydride, - acetyl chloride, - monochloroacetyl chloride, - dichloroacetyl chloride, - propanoyl chloride, - isobutanoyl chloride, - pivaloyl chloride, - crotonyl chloride. 13 - Method according to one of claims 1 to 12 characterized in that the zeolite is a natural or synthetic zeolite. 14 - Process according to claim 13 characterized in that the zeolite is a natural zeolite chosen from: chabazite, clinoptilolite, erionite, mordenite, phillipsite, offerite. 15 - Process according to claim 13 characterized in that the zeolite is a synthetic zeolite chosen from: - synthetic zeolites with a one-dimensional network such as zeolite ZSM-4, zeolite L, zeolite ZSM-12, zeolite ZSM-22, zeolite ZSM-23, zeolite ZSM-48. - zeolites with a two-dimensional network such as mordenite, ferrierite, - zeolites with a three-dimensional network such as the zeolite β, the zeolite Y, the zeolite X, the zeolite ZSM-5, the zeolite ZSM-11, the offerite. 16 - Process according to claim 15 characterized in that the zeolite is a β zeolite with an Si / Ai molar ratio greater than 8, preferably between 10 and 35, and even more preferably between 12 and 35 or a US zeolite Y with an Si / Ai molar ratio greater than 3, preferably between 6 and 60. 17 - Method according to one of claims 1 to 16 characterized in that the reaction is carried out in an aqueous medium or in the presence of an organic solvent chosen from aliphatic and / or aromatic hydrocarbons optionally halogenated, preferably chlorinated, aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic ether-oxides, polar aprotic solvents, preferably nitro compounds, aliphatic or aromatic nitriles, linear or cyclic carboxamides; dimethyl sulfoxide; tetramethylenesulfone; hexamethylphosphotriamide. 18 - Method according to one of claims 1 to 17 characterized in that the ratio between the number of moles of aromatic thioether and the number of moles of acylating agent varies between 0.1 and 10, and is between preferably between 0.5 and 4. 19 - Method according to one of claims 1 to 18 characterized in that the amount of catalyst represents by weight relative to the aromatic thioether engaged, from 0.01 to 50%, preferably from 5 to 25%. 20 - Method according to one of claims 1 to 19 characterized in that the temperature at which the acylation reaction is carried out is between 20 ° C and 300 ° C and preferably between 40 ° C and 200 ° C. 21 - Method according to one of claims 1 to 20 characterized in that it is carried out discontinuously or continuously. 22 - Catalyst for the acylation of an aromatic thioether comprising an acid zeolite. 23 - Catalyst for the acylation of an aromatic thioether comprising a β zeolite.