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WO1997015171A9 - Chauffage electrique par resistance pour la climatisation d'appartements et de batiments - Google Patents

Chauffage electrique par resistance pour la climatisation d'appartements et de batiments

Info

Publication number
WO1997015171A9
WO1997015171A9 PCT/DE1996/001941 DE9601941W WO9715171A9 WO 1997015171 A9 WO1997015171 A9 WO 1997015171A9 DE 9601941 W DE9601941 W DE 9601941W WO 9715171 A9 WO9715171 A9 WO 9715171A9
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
layer
heating
heater according
resistance heater
electrical resistance
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/DE1996/001941
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
WO1997015171A3 (fr
WO1997015171A2 (fr
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE19538686A external-priority patent/DE19538686A1/de
Priority claimed from DE19622788A external-priority patent/DE19622788A1/de
Application filed filed Critical
Priority to AU14365/97A priority Critical patent/AU1436597A/en
Publication of WO1997015171A2 publication Critical patent/WO1997015171A2/fr
Publication of WO1997015171A9 publication Critical patent/WO1997015171A9/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Publication of WO1997015171A3 publication Critical patent/WO1997015171A3/fr
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrical resistance heating for air conditioning in homes and buildings using a heatable by electricity electrically conductive heating layer, consisting of a mixture of with a curable
  • Binder offset graphite particles wherein on two parallel opposite sides of the heating layer metallic strip-shaped power supply electrodes are provided
  • Constant opening and closing of the windows to replace the humidity present in the rooms is associated with significant losses of heating energy, especially in the cold season, because the air was heated due to the cooler Umsch conductedungs vom to temperatures whose values are above the sensation temperature of the people
  • Such built with strip heaters heating films are less suitable for underfloor heating.
  • Such strassenformig constructed heating cables and heating foils require in a similar manner, as in heated with pipes and hot water floors, at certain areas measures to avoid hot spots in the floor.
  • the conductive cross-section of the aluminum foil must be increased at each crossing point for this reason. Otherwise, a recess in the heating system is provided in such places where a heat build-up is to be feared by erecting furniture or the like, so that a local overheating of the floor can be avoided.
  • the object of the invention is an electrical resistance heating using a heatable by electricity electrically conductive heating layer, which is operable for room air conditioning in homes and buildings with a minimum surface temperature.
  • ERS ⁇ TZBUTT (RULE 26)
  • the object is achieved in an electrical resistance heating in that a heating layer is formed from a mixture based on graphite particles and a water-dilutable binder, which can be applied by brushing, spraying, screen printing or the like directly on a moisture-absorbing carrier plate such that the surface load based on the electrical heating power of the heating layer amounts to 20 to 60 W / m 2 , wherein the support plate is in particular a conventional interior fitting suitable, provided on the back with a thermal insulation layer plasterboard.
  • Such resistance heating is feasible in the first place inexpensive and relatively simple means, because as a support plate can find a commercial plasterboard use and also require the other components and the processing of a small effort
  • a development of the invention directed to covering a part of a prefabricated house inner wall, which has a large-scale plasterboard, which is provided on two parallel sides with band-shaped metallic Stromzuschreibungselektroden to cover with the heating layer, which is especially to be considered in a low-energy house
  • the surface load of Heating layer to 20 W / m 2 are lowered
  • a plasterboard one-man plate provided on the back with a thermal insulation layer is provided for subsequent installation, which is coated on the front with the heating layer such that the total resistance, measured between the Stromzuschreibungselektroden, about 40 to 120 ohms. With a total resistance of 60 ohms, the heating power of the heating layer in combination with a commercial plasterboard is 40 W / m 2 .
  • a plasterboard instead of a plasterboard, it is expedient to use a provided with a dresseddämmbaustofF composite board, which is coated on its side view with a building board containing fibers that are embedded in the building board.
  • the fibers embedded in the building panel are preferably used in the manufacture of composite panels to increase the strength of structural panels.
  • the building board or the composite board directly from a foam glass, porous plastic produced using foaming agents, artificial stone or expanded clay, wherein the surface of the building board or composite board is smoothed with a pore filler.
  • a foam glass, porous plastic produced using foaming agents, artificial stone or expanded clay wherein the surface of the building board or composite board is smoothed with a pore filler.
  • the grouting and smoothing of the terminals can be formally omitted if the composite panels have tongue and groove and are vulnerable during installation.
  • water glass is used as a binder for the graphite particles.
  • Water glass is a relatively inexpensive binder that can be easily diluted with water and applied to a plasterboard by brushing, spraying, screen printing or the like.
  • the heating layer can be used in a particularly advantageous manner in the production of a floor heating
  • FIG. 1 shows the interior of a room with a belonging to a low energy house
  • FIG. 2 shows a cross section through a one-man plate coated with a heating layer
  • Plasterboard and Figure 3 is a front view of the one-board plasterboard shown in Figure 2, Figure 4 instead of a gypsum board a Verbundbauplatte in front view, Figure 5 is an enlarged view at X of the composite board shown in Figure 1 in cross section and Figure 6 two composite panels before assembly at Detail X Figure 7 shows a floor heating system with a bound substructure and Figure 8 shows a drywall floor construction with underfloor heating in a schematic representation
  • Fig. 1 shows a highly schematic of the interior of a room with a right side wall 1, which is provided on the front with large-scale plasterboard 2 arbitrary blank.
  • the gypsum plasterboard 2 are filled in one piece or seamless and sanded.
  • On the reverse side is a massive wood-based panel 3 and as a thermal insulation layer 4 infill with mineral wool mats for thermal insulation and sound insulation
  • a over the wall length extending Stromzuchtungselektrode 6 is attached.
  • the current supply electrode 6 consists of a metal strip, of a strip formed of a metal foil, or of a strip of metal color, if the surface heating power is to be selected smaller.
  • a second current supply electrode 6 is at the level of the floor edge 7
  • Both power supply electrodes 6 are connected in parallel with the upper power supply electrode 6 the ends provided with terminals, which are prestigeieit copper cables 8, which are guided in a cable covering to a busbar or to a operated with a safety extra-low voltage power supply device 9, which can be controlled in a known manner.
  • a heating layer 11 consisting of a mixture of graphite particles with a water-dilutable binder, in which embodiment water glass is used.
  • the mixing ratio of graphite particles to water glass is 1: 1, in which a very spreadable mass forms, with the front of the plasterboard 2 can be coated in a single application.
  • the application can be carried out with a conventional coating roller or by spraying. A particularly uniform coating can be achieved in that the application of the heating layer 1 1 takes place in the form of a screen printing. In this case, the mixing ratio in favor of the graphite particles can be increased.
  • the variation of the mixing ratios should not exceed 2: 1, because a higher proportion of graphite unnecessarily complicates the application and, ultimately, the resistance built up between the two current supply electrodes 6 can be changed by the thickness of the applied layer.
  • the desired resistance values were achieved by brushing in a good approximation with a deviation of 10%.
  • the curing can be accelerated with an acid gas such as CO 2 .
  • an acid gas such as CO 2 .
  • the one-man plate 12 which has an average length of 2.5 m to 3.0 m and a width of 0.6 m, according to Figure 3 on the opposite sides of the narrower End edges each provided with a power supply electrode 6 elongated at the ends of one longitudinal side to a contact portion 14 serving both to connect a plurality of surface heating elements and to connect a low voltage source 9.
  • a power supply electrode 6 elongated at the ends of one longitudinal side to a contact portion 14 serving both to connect a plurality of surface heating elements and to connect a low voltage source 9.
  • the resistance measured between the two current supply electrodes 6 is 13 k ohms in the wet state of the heating layer 11 Stromzuschreibungs Electrodes 60 ohms
  • the screen printing method is particularly well suited By means of screen printing, the desired resistance values can be varied very precisely, which is particularly advantageous if a gable wall 15 shown in FIG. 1 a is to be heated, which was constructed from a conventional masonry with apertures 16.
  • the not so high wall pieces 17 are shortened one-man plates 18, in which first Einmannplatte ⁇ 12 corresponding Stromzuchtungselektroden 6 are provided.
  • the shortened one-man plates 18 are screen-printed with a heating layer 1 1 coated, which has a total resistance of, for example, 300 ohms.
  • the installation of the shortened one-man plate 18 takes place above and below the window opening 16, as can be seen in Figure 1 a, wherein between the platedein need directed Stromzuchtungselektroden 6 an electrically conductive connection, not shown. Thereafter, the heating of the gable wall 15 can be taken after connection of the Stromzuchtungselektroden 6 to the power supply device 9 in operation.
  • Plasterboard is to be used and completely from a thermal insulation material 101 itself or from a recognizable in Figure 6 composite system with a thermal insulation material 101 is used.
  • thermal insulation material 101 all suitable insulation materials come into question, which are provided with sufficient strength and are suitable for the production of plate-shaped components.
  • Porous foamed plastic, foamed glass, silicate foam glass or other foam glass, artificial stone, perlite or expanded clay are particularly suitable for this purpose.
  • mineral fibers are calculated, which in themselves have no suitable strength to find use as a plate or structural component of a plate use.
  • the insulating material is used in a composite system, which is shown in Figure 5.
  • a building board 102 is provided.
  • a building board 102 is suitable instead of a plasterboard a Gipsfase ⁇ latte, a fiber cement board, a Siiikatplatte or calcium silicate board.
  • wood wool lightweight panels and plates are suitable, whose essential component is formed from cellulose.
  • a pore filler 103 is provided as a further component with which the surface of the building board 102 can be smoothed.
  • a building board 102 made of prefabricated elements made of a foam plastic can be provided with a smoothing, combustibility-reducing coating, whereby also these aforementioned building boards 102 are essentially commercially available.
  • a current supply electrode 105 is provided parallel to the end face 104, which is fastened in a suitable manner to the composite building board by gluing or stapling.
  • a heating layer 106 consisting of a mixture of graphite particles with a water-dilutable binder is applied by brushing or spraying.
  • the heating layer 106 can be applied in one step with the required layer thickness by the binder content is relatively low due to the lower absorbency of the carried substances, so that in each case the required for optimal heating power consistency is adjustable by a corresponding proportion of the graphite particles.
  • the composite building board has a right side surface 107 with a groove 108 and a left side surface 109 with a spring 110.
  • the composite structural panels are thus vulnerable during assembly in a conventional manner. For grouting and smoothing the vertical joint course, therefore, only a very small amount of work is required because the spotted composite panels lie with the electrically conductive heating layer 106 in the same plane.
  • composite panels have groove 108 and spring 1 10, in particular such building panels 102 can be used, which are sufficiently stable against the breaking of the edges, which also can significantly facilitate the attachment, for example, with joint claws.
  • ERS ⁇ TZBUTT (RULE 26)
  • Direction of the directional arrows 1 15 are bent.
  • the bending is performed such that the contact portions 1 1 1 can take the respective shape of the left side surface 109 and the right side surface 107.
  • the material thickness should not exceed 0.05 mm.
  • a lateral contact portion 1 1 1 is accordingly inserted as a clamping contact 1 12 in the groove 108 and the contact portion 1 1 1 opposite as a mating contact 1 13 in the shape of the spring 1 10 bent in Figure 6 recognizable
  • the terminal contact 1 12 results with the mating contact 1 13, when both come into contact with each other, a simple constructive solution for a plug-in contact, the laying of Verbundbauplatten, as shown in Figure 6, by mating several composite boards in the direction of arrow 1 14 for a particularly simple producible electrical connection between the Stromzuchtungselektroden 105 worries.
  • the connection of the individual power supply electrodes 105 to each other by a plug contact is thus not dependent on a, the composite boards cross-terminal block.
  • thermal insulation layer 202 for sound insulation and thermal insulation to prevent heat transfer into the building structure.
  • Suitable thermal insulation materials are light powdery or granular beds, mats, plates and shaped pieces of porous or fibrous organic or inorganic substances having a particularly low thermal conductivity.
  • conventional insulation boards of polystyrene - extruder foam or polyurethane foam boards are particularly suitable, which in addition to a high insulation performance have a high compressive strength.
  • alternative insulation materials such as cork, cellulose or coated with bitumen mineral granules, especially expanded clay are well suited.
  • the thermal insulation layer 202 may not be moistened, because it then loses its insulating effect For this reason, it must be protected by a superposed barrier film 203 against moisture, which must be considered especially in Najiraumen and a bonded substructure
  • screed 204' for example anhydrite, magnesia or cement screed
  • a large surface pressure necessary to compress the thermal insulation layer 202 as far as possible already by the application of screed 204 'floating screed 204' requires a minimum nominal thickness, which must not fall below a dimension of 35 mm
  • laying tiles or plates floating screed 204 ' is a layer thickness of 45 mm Dic ke required
  • Compensating layer 205 which allows a completely smooth and even surface is suitable for this purpose.
  • Commercially available leveling compounds whose handling is known and not further developed. However, with regard to the invention, it is moreover particularly suitable to have a leveling compound comprising water glass, which enables a cohesive structure of the entire floor construction
  • a Stromzuschreibungselektrode 207 is provided which is glued with a water glass adhesive directly on the compensation layer 205 or optionally equal to the load distribution layer 204
  • the Stromzuschreibungselektrode 207, the a thin foil strip composed of an electrically highly conductive material, preferably of copper, is connected to a power supply device, not shown, which can be operated mainly with protective extra-low voltage
  • An electroconductive heating layer 208 composed of a mixture of graphite particles is applied to the surface of the floor enclosed by the current supply electrodes 207 by brushing, spraying, trowelling or optionally by screen printing
  • SPARE BUTT (RULE 26) and a water-dilutable binder is composed.
  • Suitable for this purpose is water glass, in particular soda water glass, which can be provided comparatively inexpensively.
  • the heating power should preferably be 20 to 60 watts / m 2 so that the temperature of the floor to be heated can not exceed 33 degrees plus. As a result, no damage to the floor construction is to be feared. It is also advantageous that the heating layer 208 is arranged on top of the load distribution layer 204.
  • the screed 204 'thus means an additional thermal insulation layer 202.
  • the heat generated in the heating layer 208 acts directly on the floor covering layer 209 to be heated. As a result, the heating power can respond rather quickly and be dimensioned very small.
  • a ceramic floor covering layer 209 of plates or tiles in a mortar bed 210 can be laid directly on the heating layer 208.
  • a mortar bed 210 there is excellent adhesion between the flooring layer 209 and the heating layer 208.
  • the adhesion can be further increased if the tiles are glued instead of a mortar bed 210 with an adhesive layer 210 ', wherein the adhesive has water glass as a binder.
  • a chemical bond-based concatenation of the floor covering layer 209 with the heating layer 208 is caused by chemical reaction, which is itself connected to the load distribution layer 204 or the screed 204 '.
  • the floor covering layer 209 is at the same time connected with the load distribution layer 204 by means of the heating layer 208 with a force fit. Due to this thing, cracks are in the
  • Flooring layer 209 completely excluded.
  • a floor covering layer 209 therefore, all ceramic floor coverings, tiles or tiles made of glass, marble, natural or artificial stone produced coverings can be used without restriction. If otherwise, a textile floor covering, carpet, wood or parquet floor is appropriate.
  • a wear layer 21 1 protecting the heating layer 208 against wear and sealing is provided, which can be applied finally to the heating layer 208.
  • cement screed, plastic screed asphalt screed, liquid screed or the like is suitable, which has a long-lasting Caribbean spall with the heating layer 208th
  • the efficiency of underfloor heating can be further improved by heat-conductive additives
  • the efficiency of the underfloor heating can be improved if the strength-enhancing additives are contained in the wear layer 21 1, for example in the form of fibrous materials 1 performed lower and the heat transfer in relation to the strength of the wear layer 21 1 can be optimized
  • an insulating layer 212 is applied to a raw ceiling 201, which is formed by a loose debris of bitumen-wrapped mineral Blähko ⁇ ern or the like.
  • the bed can be easily adjusted to existing cavities, if, unlike the drawing chosen for reasons of simplification, a timber ceiling with bar layer is present.
  • the bed is gleichschreibig leveled in one plane by peeling on the insulating layer 212 is then a load distribution layer 204 laid from covering plates with in grooves 213 inserted from adjacent plates springs 214 is stiffened on the longitudinal sides
  • a leveling compensation layer 205 can be applied to the load distribution layer 204 in order to ensure a smooth surface for the electrical heating layer 208. If a water-dilutable leveling layer 205 is to be used, a barrier film 203 between the insulating layer 212 and the load distribution layer 204 is again recommended according to FIG. 1 in order not to jeopardize the function of the insulating layer 212 by penetrating water.
  • the top side of the load-distribution layer 204 prepared in this way becomes electrically conductive conductive heating layer 208 is applied, which is then connected to the power contained in the heating layer 208 directly to the load distribution layer 204
  • the top of the load distribution layer 204 disposed heating layer 208 allows direct heat dissipation to the overhead floor construction and a low self-heating of built-in instead of a screed load distribution layer 204, which is thereby exposed to a small extent the harmful thermal expansions
  • the durability of the heating layer 208 is thus indefinitely of long duration
  • SPARE BUTT (RULE 26) A particularly simple and inexpensive representation of the floor construction is achieved when the load distribution layer 204 consists of plates which are ready for installation with the electrically conductive heating layer 208 coated. The preparation of these plates is described in detail above. Particularly suitable in this case are mineral-bonded fibrous material-reinforced load distributor plates or composite building boards with a groove 213 and spring 214, which, as is known, have thin supply electrodes 207 which can be inserted into the groove 213 on the end faces. As a result, by simply juxtaposing load distribution plates, a heating layer 208 extending over the entire floor can be realized. To protect the heating layer 208, a wear layer 21 1 is expedient against mechanical wear, on which finally a pressure distribution layer 215 can be applied.
  • the pressure distribution layer 215 forms an excellent laying ground for parquet, carpeting and other soft coverings.
  • plastic soft coverings can accordingly be used without problems by requiring a low heat output of the heating layer 208 in the case of good heat transfer. This has a favorable overall effect on the economy and the life of the floor heating.

Abstract

L'invention concerne un chauffage électrique par résistance doté d'une couche chauffante conductrice d'électricité qui peut être chauffée par courant, qui est constituée d'un mélange de particules de graphite ajoutées à un liant durcissable et qui peut fonctionner avec une température superficielle minimale. Selon l'invention, le mélange formant la couche (11) chauffante est composée de particules de graphite et d'un liant se diluant dans de l'eau et est appliqué par enduction, pulvérisation, sérigraphie ou équivalent directement sur une plaque support absorbant l'humidité, de telle façon que la charge surfacique exercée par la puissance de chauffage électrique sur la couche (11) chauffante soit comprise entre 20 et 60 W/m2. La plaque support est constituée d'une plaque de placoplâtre (2) classique, d'une plaque composite pour la construction ou d'une couche (204) de répartition de la charge, dotée au dos d'une couche calorifuge (4) et convenant à la finition des intérieurs, dans le cas d'un chauffage par le sol. L'invention a pour domaine d'application la climatisation d'appartements et de bâtiments avec un champ de rayonnement thermique homogène dans lequel il faut éviter une convection forcée de l'air ambiant.
PCT/DE1996/001941 1995-10-17 1996-10-11 Chauffage electrique par resistance pour la climatisation d'appartements et de batiments Ceased WO1997015171A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU14365/97A AU1436597A (en) 1995-10-17 1996-10-11 Electrical resistance heating for air conditioning in dwellings and buildings

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19538686A DE19538686A1 (de) 1995-10-17 1995-10-17 Elektrische Widerstandsheizung zur Raumklimatisierung in Wohnungen und Gebäuden
DE19538686.8 1995-10-17
DE19600228A DE19600228A1 (de) 1995-10-17 1996-01-05 Plattenförmige elektrische Widerstandsheizung zur Raumklimatisierung in Wohnungen und Gebäuden
DE19600228.1 1996-01-05
DE19622788.7 1996-06-06
DE19622788A DE19622788A1 (de) 1995-10-17 1996-06-06 Elektrische Fußbodenheizung zur Raumklimatisierung in Wohnungen und Gebäuden

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1997015171A2 WO1997015171A2 (fr) 1997-04-24
WO1997015171A9 true WO1997015171A9 (fr) 1997-08-14
WO1997015171A3 WO1997015171A3 (fr) 2002-02-14

Family

ID=27215571

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/DE1996/001941 Ceased WO1997015171A2 (fr) 1995-10-17 1996-10-11 Chauffage electrique par resistance pour la climatisation d'appartements et de batiments

Country Status (2)

Country Link
AU (1) AU1436597A (fr)
WO (1) WO1997015171A2 (fr)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2875369B1 (fr) * 2004-09-15 2006-11-24 Thermor Ind Soc Par Actions Si Dispositif formant corps de chauffe
CN101600911A (zh) * 2007-10-29 2009-12-09 王柏泉 导电发热板及其制造方法和用途
WO2010130353A1 (fr) * 2009-05-11 2010-11-18 Zimmerer, Wilhelm Dispositif de chauffage électrique de grande surface et procédé ainsi que matériau pour sa fabrication
EP2884818B1 (fr) 2012-08-08 2023-06-07 CENTITVC - Centro de Nanotecnologia e Materiais Tecnicos, Funcionais e Inteligentes Dispositif de chauffage, procédés d'impression respectifs et utilisation
DE202022100337U1 (de) 2022-01-21 2022-03-21 Faik Llapaj Heizelement mit einem Infrarot-Heizmodul
DE102022101409A1 (de) 2022-01-21 2023-07-27 Faik Llapaj Heizelement mit einem Infrarot-Heizmodul

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2401784A1 (de) * 1974-01-15 1975-07-24 Sibirsk Nii Energetiki Elektrisch leitender werkstoff
FI83582C (fi) * 1984-02-29 1991-07-25 Buchtal Gmbh Rumsuppvaermningselement bestaoende av en med en elektrisk motstaondsbelaeggning foersedd keramisk formkropp.
DE3433702A1 (de) * 1984-09-13 1986-03-20 Buchtal Gmbh, 8472 Schwarzenfeld Wand-, decken- und/oder bodenausbildung sowie verfahren zu ihrer herstellung
US5494610A (en) * 1992-06-29 1996-02-27 Lovell; Walter C. Apparatus and method for providing medium temperature conductive-resistant articles
JPH06322614A (ja) * 1993-05-12 1994-11-22 Sadao Kumasaka グラファイト系繊維物とその製法

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