WO1997011143A3 - Compositions detergentes tres puissantes comprenant des sels d'esters methyliques alpha sulfones d'acide gras et utilisation des sels d'acides gras alpha sulfones pour inhiber la redeposition des salissures sur le tissu - Google Patents
Compositions detergentes tres puissantes comprenant des sels d'esters methyliques alpha sulfones d'acide gras et utilisation des sels d'acides gras alpha sulfones pour inhiber la redeposition des salissures sur le tissu Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1997011143A3 WO1997011143A3 PCT/US1996/014889 US9614889W WO9711143A3 WO 1997011143 A3 WO1997011143 A3 WO 1997011143A3 US 9614889 W US9614889 W US 9614889W WO 9711143 A3 WO9711143 A3 WO 9711143A3
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- alpha
- salts
- fabric
- soil
- fatty acid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
- C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
- C11D1/28—Sulfonation products derived from fatty acids or their derivatives, e.g. esters, amides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
- C11D1/83—Mixtures of non-ionic with anionic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
- C11D1/83—Mixtures of non-ionic with anionic compounds
- C11D1/831—Mixtures of non-ionic with anionic compounds of sulfonates with ethers of polyoxyalkylenes without phosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/86—Mixtures of anionic, cationic, and non-ionic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/0005—Other compounding ingredients characterised by their effect
- C11D3/0036—Soil deposition preventing compositions; Antiredeposition agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
- C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
- C11D1/14—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof derived from aliphatic hydrocarbons or mono-alcohols
- C11D1/146—Sulfuric acid esters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
- C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
- C11D1/22—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof derived from aromatic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
- C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
- C11D1/29—Sulfates of polyoxyalkylene ethers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/38—Cationic compounds
- C11D1/52—Carboxylic amides, alkylolamides or imides or their condensation products with alkylene oxides
- C11D1/525—Carboxylic amides (R1-CO-NR2R3), where R1, R2 or R3 contain two or more hydroxy groups per alkyl group, e.g. R3 being a reducing sugar rest
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
- C11D1/662—Carbohydrates or derivatives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
- C11D1/72—Ethers of polyoxyalkylene glycols
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
- Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
Abstract
Priority Applications (8)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| MX9703647A MX9703647A (es) | 1995-09-18 | 1996-09-17 | Composiciones detergentes liquidas que comprenden sales de esteres metilicos de acidos grasos alfa-sulfonados y uso de las sales de acidos grasos alfa-sufonados para inhibir la redeposicion de suciedad o manchas en los tejidos. |
| US08/836,821 US5945394A (en) | 1995-09-18 | 1996-09-17 | Heavy duty liquid detergent compositions comprising salts of α-sulfonated fatty acid methyl esters and use of α-sulphonated fatty acid salts to inhibit redeposition of soil on fabric |
| JP9512836A JPH10502969A (ja) | 1995-09-18 | 1996-09-17 | αスルホン化脂肪酸メチルエステルの塩を含んでなる重質液体洗剤組成物および織物への汚れの再付着を抑制するαスルホン化脂肪酸塩の使用 |
| AU71112/96A AU699950B2 (en) | 1995-09-18 | 1996-09-17 | Heavy duty liquid detergent compositions comprising salts of alpha sulfonated fatty acid methyl esters and use of alpha-sulphonated fatty acid salts to in hibit redeposition of soil on fabric |
| CA002205592A CA2205592C (fr) | 1995-09-18 | 1996-09-17 | Compositions detergentes tres puissantes comprenant des sels d'esters methyliques alpha sulfones d'acide gras et utilisation des sels d'acides gras alpha sulfones pour inhiber la redeposition des salissures sur le tissu |
| NZ318989A NZ318989A (en) | 1995-09-18 | 1996-09-17 | Heavy duty detergent containing an alpha-sulphonated alkyl ester of a fatty acid; inhibition of soil redeposition |
| BR9606651A BR9606651A (pt) | 1995-09-18 | 1996-09-17 | Composição detergente e processo para inibir a redeposição de sujeira em tecido |
| EP96932244A EP0792336A2 (fr) | 1995-09-18 | 1996-09-17 | Compositions detergentes tres puissantes comprenant des sels d'esters methyliques alpha sulfones d'acide gras et utilisation des sels d'acides gras alpha sulfones pour inhiber la redeposition des salissures sur le tissu |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US52950195A | 1995-09-18 | 1995-09-18 | |
| US08/529,501 | 1995-09-18 | ||
| US59174896A | 1996-01-25 | 1996-01-25 | |
| US08/591,748 | 1996-01-25 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1997011143A2 WO1997011143A2 (fr) | 1997-03-27 |
| WO1997011143A3 true WO1997011143A3 (fr) | 1997-04-24 |
Family
ID=27063032
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/US1996/014889 Ceased WO1997011143A2 (fr) | 1995-09-18 | 1996-09-17 | Compositions detergentes tres puissantes comprenant des sels d'esters methyliques alpha sulfones d'acide gras et utilisation des sels d'acides gras alpha sulfones pour inhiber la redeposition des salissures sur le tissu |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0792336A2 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JPH10502969A (fr) |
| AR (1) | AR003618A1 (fr) |
| AU (1) | AU699950B2 (fr) |
| BR (1) | BR9606651A (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA2205592C (fr) |
| CO (1) | CO5040238A1 (fr) |
| MX (1) | MX9703647A (fr) |
| NZ (1) | NZ318989A (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO1997011143A2 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2006089013A1 (fr) * | 2005-02-14 | 2006-08-24 | The Dial Corporation | Composition de detergent amelioree presentant un plus grand pouvoir blanchissant |
| JP5481719B2 (ja) * | 2007-12-28 | 2014-04-23 | ライオン株式会社 | 粒状洗剤組成物 |
| JP5481720B2 (ja) * | 2007-12-28 | 2014-04-23 | ライオン株式会社 | 粒状洗剤組成物 |
| ATE534721T1 (de) * | 2009-09-14 | 2011-12-15 | Procter & Gamble | Reinigungsmittelzusammensetzung |
| JP5613677B2 (ja) | 2009-10-15 | 2014-10-29 | ライオン株式会社 | 液体洗浄剤組成物 |
| JP5793563B2 (ja) * | 2011-04-18 | 2015-10-14 | ライオン株式会社 | 液体洗浄剤 |
| DE102013226260A1 (de) * | 2013-12-17 | 2015-06-18 | Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa | Waschmittel enthaltend Methylestersulfonate (MES) und Methylesterethoxylate (MEE) |
| WO2016160407A1 (fr) * | 2015-03-31 | 2016-10-06 | Stepan Company | Détergents à base de tensioactifs ester gras alpha-sulfonés |
| CN106047529A (zh) * | 2016-06-30 | 2016-10-26 | 安徽泰隆成亚集团股份有限公司 | 环保浓缩型衣料用液体洗涤剂 |
| EP3441447A1 (fr) * | 2017-08-09 | 2019-02-13 | Henkel AG & Co. KGaA | Éther de cellulose non ionique en tant que renforçateur d'élimination de salissures lors du nettoyage de surfaces dures |
| US20220364020A1 (en) | 2019-06-28 | 2022-11-17 | Conopco, Inc., D/B/A Unilever | Detergent composition |
Citations (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA795748A (en) * | 1968-10-01 | Stepan Chemical Company | Heavy-duty synthetic detergent compositions | |
| CH490486A (de) * | 1962-04-24 | 1970-05-15 | Stepan Chemical Co | Waschmittel |
| FR2107437A5 (fr) * | 1970-09-09 | 1972-05-05 | Unilever Nv | |
| FR2235193A1 (en) * | 1973-06-30 | 1975-01-24 | Henkel & Cie Gmbh | Non-eutrophicating detergent composition - containing salts of alpha-sulphonated long chain fatty esters |
| JPS5792098A (en) * | 1980-11-28 | 1982-06-08 | Lion Corp | Powder detergent composition |
| EP0302402A2 (fr) * | 1987-08-07 | 1989-02-08 | Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft auf Aktien | Agents de lavage et de nettoyage pour le linge |
| EP0336740A2 (fr) * | 1988-04-06 | 1989-10-11 | Unilever Plc | Composition détergente |
| EP0363872A2 (fr) * | 1988-10-12 | 1990-04-18 | Lion Corporation | Détergent granulé à densité élevée |
| WO1991013959A1 (fr) * | 1990-03-05 | 1991-09-19 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Compositions de detergents de lavage de vaisselle liquides pour lavages delicats |
| JPH06330084A (ja) * | 1993-05-21 | 1994-11-29 | Lion Corp | 洗浄剤組成物 |
| WO1995010585A1 (fr) * | 1993-10-12 | 1995-04-20 | Stepan Company | Compositions detergentes liquides comprenant des sels d'esters methyliques alpha sulfones d'acide gras et des agents tensio-actifs anioniques |
-
1996
- 1996-09-17 EP EP96932244A patent/EP0792336A2/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 1996-09-17 BR BR9606651A patent/BR9606651A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1996-09-17 CA CA002205592A patent/CA2205592C/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-09-17 JP JP9512836A patent/JPH10502969A/ja active Pending
- 1996-09-17 NZ NZ318989A patent/NZ318989A/en unknown
- 1996-09-17 AU AU71112/96A patent/AU699950B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1996-09-17 WO PCT/US1996/014889 patent/WO1997011143A2/fr not_active Ceased
- 1996-09-17 MX MX9703647A patent/MX9703647A/es unknown
- 1996-09-18 AR ARP960104404A patent/AR003618A1/es unknown
- 1996-09-18 CO CO96049859A patent/CO5040238A1/es unknown
Patent Citations (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA795748A (en) * | 1968-10-01 | Stepan Chemical Company | Heavy-duty synthetic detergent compositions | |
| CH490486A (de) * | 1962-04-24 | 1970-05-15 | Stepan Chemical Co | Waschmittel |
| FR2107437A5 (fr) * | 1970-09-09 | 1972-05-05 | Unilever Nv | |
| FR2235193A1 (en) * | 1973-06-30 | 1975-01-24 | Henkel & Cie Gmbh | Non-eutrophicating detergent composition - containing salts of alpha-sulphonated long chain fatty esters |
| JPS5792098A (en) * | 1980-11-28 | 1982-06-08 | Lion Corp | Powder detergent composition |
| EP0302402A2 (fr) * | 1987-08-07 | 1989-02-08 | Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft auf Aktien | Agents de lavage et de nettoyage pour le linge |
| EP0336740A2 (fr) * | 1988-04-06 | 1989-10-11 | Unilever Plc | Composition détergente |
| EP0363872A2 (fr) * | 1988-10-12 | 1990-04-18 | Lion Corporation | Détergent granulé à densité élevée |
| WO1991013959A1 (fr) * | 1990-03-05 | 1991-09-19 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Compositions de detergents de lavage de vaisselle liquides pour lavages delicats |
| JPH06330084A (ja) * | 1993-05-21 | 1994-11-29 | Lion Corp | 洗浄剤組成物 |
| WO1995010585A1 (fr) * | 1993-10-12 | 1995-04-20 | Stepan Company | Compositions detergentes liquides comprenant des sels d'esters methyliques alpha sulfones d'acide gras et des agents tensio-actifs anioniques |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| DATABASE WPI Week 8228, Derwent World Patents Index; AN 82-58580E, XP002045729 * |
| PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 94, no. 011 * |
| SMITH N R: "ALPHA-SULFO METHYL ESTERS", HAPPI HOUSEHOLD AND PERSONAL PRODUCTS INDUSTRY, vol. 26, no. 3, March 1989 (1989-03-01), pages 58, 60, XP000008005 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NZ318989A (en) | 1999-10-28 |
| AU699950B2 (en) | 1998-12-17 |
| WO1997011143A2 (fr) | 1997-03-27 |
| BR9606651A (pt) | 1997-09-30 |
| AU7111296A (en) | 1997-04-09 |
| JPH10502969A (ja) | 1998-03-17 |
| CA2205592A1 (fr) | 1997-03-27 |
| EP0792336A2 (fr) | 1997-09-03 |
| AR003618A1 (es) | 1998-08-05 |
| CO5040238A1 (es) | 2001-05-29 |
| CA2205592C (fr) | 2001-12-11 |
| MX9703647A (es) | 1997-08-30 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| HUP9901681A2 (hu) | Folyékony tisztítószer, valamint eljárás lemezes fázis bevitelére tisztítószerbe | |
| WO1997011143A3 (fr) | Compositions detergentes tres puissantes comprenant des sels d'esters methyliques alpha sulfones d'acide gras et utilisation des sels d'acides gras alpha sulfones pour inhiber la redeposition des salissures sur le tissu | |
| AU7974994A (en) | Liquid detergent compositions comprising salts of alpha sulfonated fatty acid methyl esters, and anionic surfactants | |
| MY108343A (en) | Hard surface cleaner. | |
| CA2289527A1 (fr) | Composition de nettoyage et son procede d'utilisation | |
| CA2106856A1 (fr) | Methode d'enlevement des taches sur les tapis et les textiles | |
| AU630232B2 (en) | Liquid crystal detergent composition | |
| CA2122115A1 (fr) | Compositions detergentes liquides pour surfaces rigides renfermant un surfactant detergent amphotere et un surfactant anionique specifique | |
| CA2148101A1 (fr) | Compositions detergentes tres moussantes, renfermant des savons specialement selectionnes | |
| PH30296A (en) | Process to improve alkyl ester sulfonate surfactant compositions | |
| KR910003085A (ko) | 안전한 산성의 단단한 표면 세정제 및 세정 방법 | |
| CA2219669A1 (fr) | Compositions de nettoyage auto-epaissies | |
| NO942886D0 (fr) | ||
| AU1304795A (en) | Skin cleaning composition | |
| AU8021494A (en) | Process for the preparation of alkoxylates using ester compounds as catalyst | |
| CA2098760A1 (fr) | Composition detachante sous forme solide et methode d'utilisation de celle-ci | |
| CA2148921A1 (fr) | Composition acide amelioree pour desinfectant | |
| HK121694A (en) | Cleansing composition | |
| CA2077692A1 (fr) | Composition detergente liquide pour laver la vaisselle, a usage domestique, contenant des surfactifs a base de polysaccharide alkylique et d'ester alkylique d'acide gras alpha -sulfone | |
| CA2165766A1 (fr) | Compositions detergentes liquides a faible pouvoir moussant | |
| MX9805839A (es) | Composicion detergente de fases separadas. | |
| CA2307379A1 (fr) | Composition detergente avec systeme de tensio-actif selectionne contenant un tensio-actif ramifie en milieu de chaine | |
| CA2214114A1 (fr) | Agents de nettoyage en micro-emulsion a l'odeur affaiblie | |
| CA2313102A1 (fr) | Procede de polymerisation | |
| CA2098761A1 (fr) | Composition detachante sous forme solide contenant du bicarbonate de soude et methode d'utilisation de celle-ci |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| AK | Designated states |
Kind code of ref document: A2 Designated state(s): AU BR CA JP MX NZ US US |
|
| AL | Designated countries for regional patents |
Kind code of ref document: A2 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL PT SE |
|
| ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2205592 Country of ref document: CA Ref country code: CA Ref document number: 2205592 Kind code of ref document: A Format of ref document f/p: F |
|
| WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 318989 Country of ref document: NZ |
|
| WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 1996932244 Country of ref document: EP |
|
| 121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application | ||
| WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 08836821 Country of ref document: US |
|
| WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 1996932244 Country of ref document: EP |
|
| WWW | Wipo information: withdrawn in national office |
Ref document number: 1996932244 Country of ref document: EP |