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WO1997004207A1 - Dispositif permettant de procurer de l'ombre a des elements en fonction de la temperature - Google Patents

Dispositif permettant de procurer de l'ombre a des elements en fonction de la temperature Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1997004207A1
WO1997004207A1 PCT/EP1996/003194 EP9603194W WO9704207A1 WO 1997004207 A1 WO1997004207 A1 WO 1997004207A1 EP 9603194 W EP9603194 W EP 9603194W WO 9704207 A1 WO9704207 A1 WO 9704207A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
layer
temperature
double layer
film
windows
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP1996/003194
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Harry Wirth
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Foerderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Original Assignee
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Foerderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Foerderung der Angewandten Forschung eV filed Critical Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Foerderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Publication of WO1997004207A1 publication Critical patent/WO1997004207A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B9/00—Screening or protective devices for wall or similar openings, with or without operating or securing mechanisms; Closures of similar construction
    • E06B9/24—Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds
    • E06B9/26—Lamellar or like blinds, e.g. venetian blinds
    • E06B9/38—Other details
    • E06B9/386—Details of lamellae
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B9/00—Screening or protective devices for wall or similar openings, with or without operating or securing mechanisms; Closures of similar construction
    • E06B9/24—Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds
    • E06B9/26—Lamellar or like blinds, e.g. venetian blinds
    • E06B9/264—Combinations of lamellar blinds with roller shutters, screen windows, windows, or double panes; Lamellar blinds with special devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S40/00—Safety or protection arrangements of solar heat collectors; Preventing malfunction of solar heat collectors
    • F24S40/50—Preventing overheating or overpressure
    • F24S40/52—Preventing overheating or overpressure by modifying the heat collection, e.g. by defocusing or by changing the position of heat-receiving elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S50/00—Arrangements for controlling solar heat collectors
    • F24S50/80—Arrangements for controlling solar heat collectors for controlling collection or absorption of solar radiation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for temperature-dependent shading of components, e.g. Solar collectors and parts of buildings, TWD facades, windows or window elements; one achieves overheating protection in the event of excessive solar radiation.
  • components e.g. Solar collectors and parts of buildings, TWD facades, windows or window elements
  • a second application is that of daylight control for window elements. Another application is the insulation of solar collectors.
  • Shading systems are used in facades and windows. An overview of this offers e.g. the article "Shading Devices on Buildings - Optical and Thermal Effects” by A. Raicu, H.R. Wilson and V. Wittwer from the “Innovative Lighting Technology in Architecture” series of the East Bavarian Technology Transfer Institute (OTTi). Tab. 1 shows a classification of conceivable measures.
  • Static shading systems reduce the total yield considerably or have a very low switching stroke.
  • Dynamic systems on a mechanical basis are expensive to purchase and maintain; they also harbor a high risk of failure.
  • Switchable layers electrorochromic, thermochromic, thermotropic
  • Switchable layers are still in the R&D phase; a number of questions and problems relating to efficiency, switching stroke, long-term stability and series production are still unsolved.
  • Diffuse light e.g. offering an overcast sky should enter the room as freely as possible.
  • Direct sunlight should be largely reflected, especially in the warm season, and in part should ensure glare-free room lighting.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a device for shading solar collectors, parts of buildings, windows or window elements or for To create light control for window elements that does not require external energy, reacts automatically and is easy to implement. According to the invention, this object is achieved by claim 1. Advantageous configurations of the device are characterized in the subclaims.
  • the intended large-area switching effect is achieved through the collective switching process of many neighboring TLS elements.
  • a TLS element consists of a thermally active double layer and an optical component.
  • the thermally active double layer (Fig. 1) consists of two plastic layers (1 and 2), e.g. a combination of uniaxially stretched polyamide film (1) and a normal (i.e. unstretched or 2-axis stretched) film of the same material (2).
  • the two layers stick together. Whether the double layer is transparent, reflective or absorbent depends on the overall design of the switching element (see ⁇ 4).
  • Uniaxially stretched plastics (1) have the property of increasing their constant elasticity in the stretching direction when heated (because of the temperature-dependent entropy elasticity) and thus shrinking in one direction.
  • the isotropic layer (2) reacts only weakly to the heating.
  • the double layer shows a voltage transversely to the surface, which changes the cylindrical curvature (principle of the bimetal thermometer).
  • Fig. 1 shows the principle of thermoelastic deformation, the normal state at the top and the overheated state at the bottom.
  • a deformation over a length in the range 1-3 cm which is sufficient for the application can be achieved particularly advantageously by an extreme "mismatch" of the coefficients of linear expansion of the two materials.
  • the same high "mismatch” were also present in the transverse direction (as in the classic bimetallic element), this geometry would not result in the desired curvature, but in an uncontrollable shrinkage.
  • the optical component is deformed or moved by the deformation of the thermally active double layer.
  • Deformation is achieved when the thermally active double layer (Fig. 1) is given an additional reflective or absorbent coating.
  • Movement is achieved when the thermally active double layer has an extension that does not deform itself, but changes its orientation due to the deformation of the double layer.
  • This extension can be an extension of the layer (1) or the layer (2) from Fig. 1, or consist of another plastic or metal.
  • the extension is reflective or absorbent coated or formed. However, it is advantageous if the entire surface curves in one direction, as shown in Fig. 1.
  • the geometry and arrangement of the TLS element is such that the overall system absorbs less sunlight when heated than when it is cold.
  • Fig. 2 shows a self-regulating sun protection system. Rectangular profiles 4 with strings 5 form the carrier.
  • the strips 6 are aluminum foils, the thickness and modulus of elasticity of which are selected so that they can maintain a horizontal rest position (Fig. 2a), but at the same time get into the shape without leaving the elastic stretching range (Fig. 2b ) let it bend.
  • Uniaxially stretched plastic foils are laminated on the underside of the aluminum foils. These contract when the temperature increases in the stretching direction and deform the aluminum foil elastically (Fig. 2b). In the stretching direction, these plastic films show a modulus of elasticity that is many times higher than in the transverse direction or in the unstretched state; the tendency to creep is also reduced dramatically.
  • the aluminum foil can be held in the curved shape for a long time.
  • the stretched film shows a different thermal expansion than the aluminum film; since the modulus of elasticity and creep resistance in the transverse direction are much smaller than in In the longitudinal direction, the stretched film adapts to the thermal expansion of the aluminum film in the transverse direction and the deformation of the laminate proceeds as desired.
  • the laminate cools down to such an extent that it deforms in the opposite direction (Fig. 2c).
  • the aluminum foil thus reduces the heat radiation exchange between the interior and the cold outer pane and thus improves the k-value of the arrangement.
  • the pane 3 is the outer pane of a window or collector and the supports 4, 5 with the double membrane 1, 2 are located in the space between the outer pane and the inner pane, not shown.
  • the reflective TLS elements can also be attached in front of the absorber itself.
  • the absorber When used in the window area (e.g. overhead glazing), the absorber is replaced by a second glass pane, in the case of the building facade the wall is arranged instead of the absorber or e.g. a transparent thermal insulation wall in front of the facade.
  • the TLS element When used as automatic daylight control (Fig. 3), the TLS element is equipped with an optically active layer, which partly reflects and partially absorbed.
  • the elements In the normal state (no direct sunlight), the elements allow a large part of the incoming light to pass through (Fig. 3a). However, if the sun is shining, the partial absorption of the optically active layer leads to heating of the element. As a result, the element changes into the heated state; the new shape (Fig. 3b or Fig. 3c) reflects partly on the ceiling, which creates an advantageous light distribution in the room, and partly on the outside, giving off excess energy.
  • an attachment to the front or rear pane of the double glazing can have advantageous effects. Attachment at the front can lead to thermal coupling to the variable outside temperature, rear fastening couples to the (approximately) constant inside temperature.
  • the TLS elements are produced as long, narrow elements (for example as strips, the length of which extends over the entire window width, but whose slat widths are less than 1 mm and the mutual distance of which is less than 2 mm), it is also increasingly possible to see through and therefore an application for windows at eye level.
  • a further improvement in transparency can be achieved by reducing the contrast, for example by only partially reflecting or absorbing the strips (e.g. 30-80%) and transmitting the rest of the light.
  • An arrangement of the TLS elements transversely to the direction of natural convection, as shown in Fig. 3, can contribute to reducing the k value, for example in the interior of double windows or of solar collectors. 5.
  • the uniaxial stretched layer can be provided as a film or fiber; many standard thermoplastic plastics such as polyethylene or polypropylene can be stretched.
  • many standard thermoplastic plastics such as polyethylene or polypropylene can be stretched.
  • the bond with the second layer can e.g. through coextrusion, gluing or simple adhesive adhesion (e.g. in the case of paints).
  • the optically active component can be produced by a reflective aluminum coating (e.g. vapor deposition). A milky film is also sufficient for non-critical applications. If the optically active component is to absorb, a dark color is used.
  • Adhesion to the pane is achieved with glue, or with light manufacturing of the elements by (independent) adhesion, or as shown in Fig. 2.
  • the extent of the thermal deformation and the switching point can be set within wide limits by the degree of stretching of the anisotropic layer.
  • the shape of the element in the normal state can be determined by thermoforming.
  • Insulated elements as well as elongated strips of approx. 1 - 5 cm can be used as geometry. By appropriately orienting the layers, the shape change for special applications can be extended to two dimensions, comparable to opening a flower (see Fig. 5). Such an arrangement increases the optical switching stroke. If the TLS element e.g. is designed to be reflective, it will produce a small shadow surface in normal operation and a large shadow surface in the overheated state. The ratio of these two areas is the optical switching stroke.
  • the essential feature of the invention is therefore the use of anisotropic materials.
  • uniaxially stretched polymer films are ideal as the inner film: in stretching they are hard (high modulus of elasticity) and have large, negative expansion coefficients.
  • eg aluminum foils small, positive coefficients
  • a high "mismatch" results.
  • the device can also be used according to claim 9 to isolate components or solar collectors, the latter e.g. at night or wind, and components in winter.
  • the double layer must then generally be arranged turned through 180 °, so that the insulation is moved away from the surface to be insulated when the temperature is increased.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Blinds (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif servant à procurer de l'ombre à des éléments de construction, en fonction de la température, par ex. à des collecteurs de chaleur solaire et à des parties de bâtiments telles que des façades d'isolation thermique transparente, des fenêtres ou des éléments de fenêtre, et/ou à guider la lumière à travers des éléments de fenêtre. Ce dispositif comporte une couche double (1, 2, 3) déplaçable dans au moins une direction lorsque la température augmente, et une couche optique (4) qui est déplacée par la précédente devant l'élément de construction auquel l'ombre doit être procurée, qui est au moins partiellement transparente, réfléchissante ou absorbante et présente une surface aussi importante que l'élément de construction auquel l'ombre doit être procurée.
PCT/EP1996/003194 1995-07-21 1996-07-19 Dispositif permettant de procurer de l'ombre a des elements en fonction de la temperature Ceased WO1997004207A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19526761 1995-07-21
DE19526761.3 1995-07-21

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1997004207A1 true WO1997004207A1 (fr) 1997-02-06

Family

ID=7767488

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP1996/003194 Ceased WO1997004207A1 (fr) 1995-07-21 1996-07-19 Dispositif permettant de procurer de l'ombre a des elements en fonction de la temperature

Country Status (2)

Country Link
DE (1) DE19629237C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO1997004207A1 (fr)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2847614A1 (fr) * 2002-11-25 2004-05-28 Gilbert Brenaut Store a lamelles s'incurvant avec le soleil direct et redevenant droites avec l'eclairement diffus du jour
KR20130081210A (ko) 2010-03-31 2013-07-16 가부시키가이샤 메이지 화이트 초콜릿 함침 식품 및 그의 제조 방법
US9109812B2 (en) 2008-08-25 2015-08-18 Hunter Douglas Inc. Solar heating cells and support apparatus therefor
US9366080B2 (en) 2008-11-18 2016-06-14 Hunter Douglas Inc. Slatted roller blind
US9416587B2 (en) 2010-06-08 2016-08-16 Hunter Douglas, Inc. Unitary assembly for an architectural fenestration, providing dynamic solar heat gain control
US9458663B2 (en) 2010-04-16 2016-10-04 Hunter Douglas Inc. Process and system for manufacturing a roller blind
US9540874B2 (en) 2011-04-15 2017-01-10 Hunter Douglas Inc. Covering for architectural opening including cell structures biased to open
US9702186B2 (en) 2005-03-16 2017-07-11 Hunter Douglas Inc. Single-Track stacking panel covering for an architectural opening
US10648229B2 (en) 2016-06-30 2020-05-12 Hunter Douglas Inc. Architectural covering and method of manufacturing
US11118396B2 (en) 2016-10-28 2021-09-14 Hunter Douglas Inc. Covering for architectural features, and related systems, methods of operation, and manufacture

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19737944A1 (de) * 1997-08-30 1999-03-04 Wilfrid Balk Solarfassade
DE19817432C1 (de) * 1998-04-20 1999-08-26 Fraunhofer Ges Forschung Temperatursensible Verschattungsvorrichtung
DK176229B1 (da) 2002-06-18 2007-03-26 Photosolar Aps Optisk element til afskærmning af lys
DE102004002157B3 (de) * 2004-01-15 2005-08-25 Eckelt Glas Gmbh Fensterscheibe mit Lamellen
DE102005054365A1 (de) * 2005-11-15 2007-05-16 Durlum Leuchten Abdeckung von Solarzellen
DE102008037249B4 (de) * 2008-08-09 2013-11-14 Robert Bosch Gmbh Solarkollektor mit Absorber mit flexiblen Absorberelementen
DE102016012554B4 (de) 2016-10-20 2021-09-23 Martin Huber Patent UG (haftungsbeschränkt) Wärmemotor mit mehreren Doppelschichtbauteilen
DE102018109338B4 (de) 2018-04-19 2022-08-18 Martin Huber Patent UG (haftungsbeschränkt) Wärmemotor mit einem Endlosband, Endlosband und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Endlosbands
DE102020105109A1 (de) 2020-02-27 2021-09-02 Helmut-Schmidt-Universität Thermischer Festkörperaktor

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1021312A (en) * 1961-08-18 1966-03-02 Laing Nikolaus Means for controlling the intensity of radiation incident upon a surface, or the intensity of radiation emanating from a surface
GB1091588A (en) * 1964-09-22 1967-11-22 Toyo Boseki Articles formed from synthetic resin
FR2308778A1 (fr) * 1975-04-23 1976-11-19 Ici Ltd Store et son procede de fabrication
DE2709207A1 (de) * 1977-03-03 1978-09-07 Freudenberg Carl Fa Waermesensible jalousette
CA1082095A (fr) * 1978-05-08 1980-07-22 Bennett, Charles P. Store venitien
FR2506913A1 (fr) * 1981-05-27 1982-12-03 Chausson Usines Sa Dispositif a pouvoir reflecteur variable en fonction de la temperature et son application a l'autoregulation d'un dispositif heliothermique
EP0369080A1 (fr) * 1988-11-18 1990-05-23 Roll-Screens, Inc. Feuilles multicouches en matière plastique et procédés de préparation

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1021312A (en) * 1961-08-18 1966-03-02 Laing Nikolaus Means for controlling the intensity of radiation incident upon a surface, or the intensity of radiation emanating from a surface
GB1091588A (en) * 1964-09-22 1967-11-22 Toyo Boseki Articles formed from synthetic resin
FR2308778A1 (fr) * 1975-04-23 1976-11-19 Ici Ltd Store et son procede de fabrication
DE2709207A1 (de) * 1977-03-03 1978-09-07 Freudenberg Carl Fa Waermesensible jalousette
CA1082095A (fr) * 1978-05-08 1980-07-22 Bennett, Charles P. Store venitien
FR2506913A1 (fr) * 1981-05-27 1982-12-03 Chausson Usines Sa Dispositif a pouvoir reflecteur variable en fonction de la temperature et son application a l'autoregulation d'un dispositif heliothermique
EP0369080A1 (fr) * 1988-11-18 1990-05-23 Roll-Screens, Inc. Feuilles multicouches en matière plastique et procédés de préparation

Cited By (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2847614A1 (fr) * 2002-11-25 2004-05-28 Gilbert Brenaut Store a lamelles s'incurvant avec le soleil direct et redevenant droites avec l'eclairement diffus du jour
US10689903B2 (en) 2005-03-16 2020-06-23 Hunter Douglas Inc. Single-track stacking panel covering for an architectural opening
US9702186B2 (en) 2005-03-16 2017-07-11 Hunter Douglas Inc. Single-Track stacking panel covering for an architectural opening
US9109812B2 (en) 2008-08-25 2015-08-18 Hunter Douglas Inc. Solar heating cells and support apparatus therefor
US10145172B2 (en) 2008-11-18 2018-12-04 Hunter Douglas Inc. Slatted roller blind
US9366080B2 (en) 2008-11-18 2016-06-14 Hunter Douglas Inc. Slatted roller blind
US11299930B2 (en) 2008-11-18 2022-04-12 Hunter Douglas Inc. Slatted roller blind
KR20130081210A (ko) 2010-03-31 2013-07-16 가부시키가이샤 메이지 화이트 초콜릿 함침 식품 및 그의 제조 방법
US9458663B2 (en) 2010-04-16 2016-10-04 Hunter Douglas Inc. Process and system for manufacturing a roller blind
US10391719B2 (en) 2010-04-16 2019-08-27 Hunter Douglas Inc. Process and system for manufacturing a roller blind
US9416587B2 (en) 2010-06-08 2016-08-16 Hunter Douglas, Inc. Unitary assembly for an architectural fenestration, providing dynamic solar heat gain control
US10030444B2 (en) 2011-04-15 2018-07-24 Hunter Douglas Inc. Covering for architectural opening including cell structures biased to open
US9995083B2 (en) 2011-04-15 2018-06-12 Hunter Douglas Inc. Covering for architectural opening including thermoformable slat vanes
US9540874B2 (en) 2011-04-15 2017-01-10 Hunter Douglas Inc. Covering for architectural opening including cell structures biased to open
US10724296B2 (en) 2011-04-15 2020-07-28 Hunter Douglas Inc. Covering for architectural opening including thermoformable slat vanes
US10724297B2 (en) 2011-04-15 2020-07-28 Hunter Douglas Inc. Covering for architectural opening including cell structures biased to open
US10648229B2 (en) 2016-06-30 2020-05-12 Hunter Douglas Inc. Architectural covering and method of manufacturing
US11608678B2 (en) 2016-06-30 2023-03-21 Hunter Douglas, Inc. Architectural covering and method of manufacturing
US12398593B2 (en) 2016-06-30 2025-08-26 Hunter Douglas Inc. Architectural covering and method of manufacturing
US11118396B2 (en) 2016-10-28 2021-09-14 Hunter Douglas Inc. Covering for architectural features, and related systems, methods of operation, and manufacture
US12366114B2 (en) 2016-10-28 2025-07-22 Hunter Douglas Inc. Covering for architectural features, and related systems, methods of operation, and manufacture

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE19629237C2 (de) 2001-07-19
DE19629237A1 (de) 1997-02-20

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