WO1997001517A1 - Hardenable mixture for producing a lightweight building material with cavities, and process for producing a lightweight building material with cavities - Google Patents
Hardenable mixture for producing a lightweight building material with cavities, and process for producing a lightweight building material with cavities Download PDFInfo
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- WO1997001517A1 WO1997001517A1 PCT/EP1996/002632 EP9602632W WO9701517A1 WO 1997001517 A1 WO1997001517 A1 WO 1997001517A1 EP 9602632 W EP9602632 W EP 9602632W WO 9701517 A1 WO9701517 A1 WO 9701517A1
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- Prior art keywords
- ice particles
- mixture
- water
- batch
- admixture
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B40/00—Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability
- C04B40/06—Inhibiting the setting, e.g. mortars of the deferred action type containing water in breakable containers ; Inhibiting the action of active ingredients
- C04B40/0683—Inhibiting the setting, e.g. mortars of the deferred action type containing water in breakable containers ; Inhibiting the action of active ingredients inhibiting by freezing or cooling
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
Definitions
- Curable batch for the production of a light building material with cavities Curable batch for the production of a light building material with cavities
- the invention relates to a curable mixture for producing a light building material with cavities.
- the invention relates to a method for producing a light building material with cavities.
- Such hardenable mixtures are known in the building materials industry as fresh concrete, which are suitable for the production of lightweight concrete with bulk densities of up to 2000 kg / m 3 .
- the mixture has cement as the main constituent, to which certain additives, such as wood-fired slag, expanded clay or the like, and a large amount of mixing water are mixed.
- the lightweight concrete formed can have a certain porosity. This is achieved by adding suitable chemical foaming agents or air-entraining agents to the fresh concrete. This results in a lower weight for a given volume, an improvement in the sound and heat insulating properties and in the formation of a sufficient amount of small, evenly distributed air pores in the concrete, good resistance to frost or frost-thawing salt.
- Resin soaps for example vinsolresin, are mainly used as air entraining agents, but other organic substances such as alkylarylsulfonates are also used. After the concrete has hardened, it has small cavities.
- the present invention has for its object to provide a curable batch that allows environmentally friendly, in particular without chemical additives, the production of a light building material with cavities, so that no harmful vapors or gases are released.
- the batch should be characterized by a low mixing water content, with good processability and flowability, and the cured batch should have a particularly low bulk density.
- At least a portion of the main constituent and / or at least a portion of the admixture comprises ice particles from frozen water, which create cavities in the batch when the batch hardens.
- the object is achieved by a method according to claim 13.
- the method according to the invention has the following steps: generation of ice particles from frozen water, generation of a hardenable mixture by Mixing a small-part main component, which determines the hardening, with at least one admixture, adding the ice particles to the batch, shaping the batch according to the shape of the building material to be produced, and curing the molded batch.
- the curable mixture according to the invention permits the production of a light building material with cavities without using environmentally incompatible chemical air entraining agents or the like. Furthermore, by adding ice particles, the amount of mixing water can be reduced, i.e. the water cement factor can be reduced, because a large part of the water released when the ice particles melt can be bound by the main component.
- the flowability of the mixture can also be improved by adding ice particles. It is particularly advantageous that the ice particles and thus the cavities in the light building material can be given a size and shape which is desired according to the application or area of application of the hardened mixture. A building material with a particularly low bulk density can thus be realized. When the batch hardens, the ice cubes can also serve as cooling.
- the method according to the invention enables inexpensive, environmentally compatible and simple production of light building materials with cavities.
- the building material hardens or dries, only water or water vapor is produced.
- a particularly low bulk density can be achieved by using specially shaped ice particles.
- Such a building material particularly in the industrial production of prefabricated parts for house construction or the like, enables considerable weight savings compared to conventional building materials.
- the method according to the invention can thus be used to reduce weight by displacing the volume of the building material.
- the hardenable mixture according to the first embodiment enables the production of lightweight concrete with cavities.
- Cement is used as the hydraulic binding agent, to which gravel of grain size 0/16 has been added.
- grain size 16/32 was sifted out of the mixed gravel 0/32. Ice particles of the same grain size have been added to replace the 16/32 grain particles.
- the ice is in the form of partially spherical and broken pieces.
- the proportion of the mixing water used is particularly decisive for the processability and flowability of the batch.
- the addition of ice particles instead of aggregate particles of the same grain size allows a considerable reduction in the mixing water content, since the water additionally required for the setting process of the cement is obtained from the melting process of the ice particles.
- the added ice particles are first premixed with the cement portion before being mixed with the aggregate, so that the ice surface is covered with cement.
- the water portion required for the hydration of the cement surrounding the ice particles is obtained by melting the ice particles. Because the ice particles have a cement layer, they can easily be mixed with the main mixture, and floating of the ice particles in the mixture, in particular with subsequent vibratory compaction, can be avoided.
- the ice particles used can have a grain size of up to 35 mm. Roundish ice particle shapes have proven to be the most suitable in terms of cement requirements and processability. Therefore spherical ice particles are preferably added to the mixture.
- ice particles in the form of pyramids, cubes or other polyhedra enable the cavities in the building material to be particularly stable.
- the easiest way to form the ice particles is to freeze water in appropriate forms.
- the present fresh concrete can be processed in the same way as conventional fresh concrete.
- the mixture is poured into a formwork or mold and then e.g. compacted by shaking. After the concrete has hardened, the formwork is removed or the concrete product is removed from the mold.
- the cavities which result from the melting of the ice particles are preserved in that the ice particles are premixed with a part of the cement before they are added to the existing mixture and thereby on the surface a cement layer is formed, which absorbs the melt water that occurs. This creates a stable wall of the cavities.
- the ice premixed with the cement must be added immediately to the mixture and immediately mixed well with it. After the mixture has been poured into a mold or formwork, it is compacted by shaking or the like, so that the ice is pressed together with the aggregate of another grain size.
- the premixed ice particles should not have gone into the melting process before they are mixed and compacted with the other constituents of the mixture. To ensure this, it is necessary to shape the fresh batch immediately. It can also be helpful to apply the cement for premixing and / or the other components keep low temperature. In any case, it must be ensured that the ice particles still have their essentially original or a desired shape during molding.
- the hydration starts about 1-2 hours after the mixing process. Additives such as accelerators or retarders to influence the setting or hardening could shorten or extend this time accordingly.
- the ice particles release water through the melting process, which is used directly for hydration.
- the cavity walls remain stable due to the set cement layer.
- the weight saving of lightweight concrete which is produced by the method according to the invention, compared to normal concrete with the usual additives is illustrated by the following test result.
- the mixture consists of gravel 0/16, gravel 16/32, cement and water.
- a cube made from this normal concrete quantity has a fresh concrete density of 2300 kg / cm 3 with an edge length of 20 cm.
- a cube of the same size, made from a lightweight concrete mix consisting of gravel 0/16, ice 16/32, cement and water, has approximately the same density of fresh concrete.
- the lightweight concrete cube After a drying time of about 14 days, the lightweight concrete cube has a gross density which is about 35% lower than that of normal concrete cube.
- Additional weight savings can be achieved by adding ice particles.
- aggregate particles with a different grain size will be replaced by ice particles of the same grain size.
- the addition of larger ice particles leads to another Weight reduction.
- Raw densities for lightweight concrete smaller than 1400 kg / cm 3 can thus be easily achieved.
- the batch according to this embodiment is suitable for producing a brick block with cavities.
- a certain proportion of mixing water is added to the main component clay in order to improve the processability. After mixing, a large part of the water is extracted again. Then ice particles from frozen water are added to the "quasi-dry" clay mixture. The ice particles have a grain size that corresponds essentially to the diameter of the cavities desired in the brick block.
- ice particles In order to prevent the ice particles from floating up in the clay mixture, they can be premixed separately with clay and part of the mixing water so that a layer of clay is formed on the ice particles. This significantly improves the miscibility of the ice particles with the "quasi-dry" clay.
- the clay mixture mixed with ice particles is poured into a mold so that bricks or blocks in full or half block form are formed depending on the area of application.
- the clay mixture which still has a sufficiently pasty consistency, can be extruded or stamped to produce almost all brick products, including wall and floor panels.
- the ice particles withstand the pressure of the extrusion press used. After the ice particles have melted, cavities are formed which essentially have the shape of the original ice particles. Spherical or polyhedral cavities in particular have proven to be particularly stable. Otherwise, what has been said for the production of lightweight concrete applies essentially to the use of ice particles for the production of bricks.
- the drying process immediately follows the shaping, the residual mixing water still present being completely removed from the brick blank.
- the water of the ice particles melted after shaping evaporates together with the pore and shell water.
- the dried brick is fired, for example, in a tunnel oven at about 800 ° C., which produces a brick building material with the desired cavities.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Aushärtbares Gemenge zur Herstellung eines leichten Baustoffes mit Hohlräumen undCurable batch for the production of a light building material with cavities and
Verfahren zur Herstellung eines leichten Baustoffes mitProcess for the production of a light building material
HohlräumenCavities
Beschreibungdescription
Die Erfindung betrifft ein aushärtbares Gemenge zur Herstellung eines leichten Baustoffes mit Hohlräumen.The invention relates to a curable mixture for producing a light building material with cavities.
Weiterhin betrifft die Erfindung ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines leichten Baustoffes mit Hohlräumen.Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for producing a light building material with cavities.
Derartige aushärtbare Gemenge sind in der Baustoffindustrie als Frischbeton bekannt, die zur Herstellung von Leichtbeton mit Rohdichten von bis zu 2000 kg/m3 geeignet sind. Dabei weist das Gemenge Zement als Hauptbestandteil auf, dem bestimmte Zu¬ schlagstoffe, wie Holzofenschlacken, Blähton oder dergleichen, und eine große Menge Anmachwasser beigemischt sind. Der gebildete Leichtbeton kann eine gewisse Porosität aufweisen. Diese wird dadurch erreicht, daß dem Frischbeton geeignete chemische Schäumungsmittel bzw. Luftporenbildner zugesetzt sind. Daraus resultiert ein geringeres Gewicht bei vorgegebenem Volumen, eine Verbesserung der schall- und wärmeisolierenden Eigenschaften und bei Bildung einer ausreichenden Menge von kleinen, gleichmäßig verteilten Luftporen im Beton eine gute Frost- bzw. Frost-Tausalz-Beständigkeit. Als Luftporenbildner werden vorwiegend Harzseifen, z.B. Vinsolresin, jedoch auch andere organische Stoffe wie Alkylarylsulfonate verwendet. Nach dem Aushärten des Betons weist dieser kleine Hohlräume auf.Such hardenable mixtures are known in the building materials industry as fresh concrete, which are suitable for the production of lightweight concrete with bulk densities of up to 2000 kg / m 3 . The mixture has cement as the main constituent, to which certain additives, such as wood-fired slag, expanded clay or the like, and a large amount of mixing water are mixed. The lightweight concrete formed can have a certain porosity. This is achieved by adding suitable chemical foaming agents or air-entraining agents to the fresh concrete. This results in a lower weight for a given volume, an improvement in the sound and heat insulating properties and in the formation of a sufficient amount of small, evenly distributed air pores in the concrete, good resistance to frost or frost-thawing salt. Resin soaps, for example vinsolresin, are mainly used as air entraining agents, but other organic substances such as alkylarylsulfonates are also used. After the concrete has hardened, it has small cavities.
Nachteilhaft bei dem bekannten Frischbeton zur Herstellung von Leichtbeton mit Hohlräumen ist die umweltunverträgliche Verwen¬ dung chemischer Zusätze zur Hohlraumbildung und der für eine gute Verarbeitbarkeit und Fließfähigkeit notwendig hohe An- machwasseranteil, der wesentlich höher ist, als nach dem stöchiometrischen Verhältnis nötig wäre.Disadvantages of the known fresh concrete for the production of lightweight concrete with cavities are the environmentally incompatible use of chemical additives for the formation of cavities and the high amount required for good workability and flowability. Machwasser fraction that is significantly higher than would be necessary according to the stoichiometric ratio.
Zum anderen ist bekannt, Ziegel mit Hohlräumen aus einem Ge¬ menge herzustellen, bei dem als Hauptbestandteil Lehm verwendet wird, dem Styroporkugeln in der Größe von Hagelkörnern beige¬ mischt sind. Nach dem Trocknen wird der Lehm gebrannt, das Sty- ropor verbrennt und ein leichtes Ziegelmaterial mit schwammar¬ tigen Hohlräumen entsteht, das eine gute Schall- und Wärmeiso¬ lierung besitzt. Hierbei entwickelt Styropor beim Verbrennen jedoch giftige Dämpfe. Nachteilhaft ist außerdem, daß sich die Styroporkugeln recht schlecht mit dem Lehm vermischen lassen, da sie aufgrund des schlechten Haftvermögens leicht auf dem Ge¬ menge aufschwimmen.On the other hand, it is known to produce bricks with cavities from a mixture in which clay is used as the main constituent, to which polystyrene balls the size of hailstones are admixed. After drying, the clay is fired, the styrofoam burns and a light brick material with sponge-like cavities is created, which has good sound and heat insulation. Here, however, styrofoam develops toxic fumes when burned. Another disadvantage is that the styrofoam balls are very difficult to mix with the clay, since they float easily on the mixture due to their poor adhesive power.
Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein aus¬ härtbares Gemenge zu schaffen, das umweltverträglich, insbeson¬ dere ohne chemische Zusätze die Herstellung eines leichten Baustoffes mit Hohlräumen ermöglicht, so daß keine schädlichen Dämpfe bzw. Gase frei werden. Darüber hinaus soll sich das Gemenge bei guter Verarbeitbarkeit und Fließfähigkeit durch einen geringen Anmachwassergehalt auszeichnen und das ausgehär¬ tete Gemenge eine besonders geringe Rohdichte aufweisen.The present invention has for its object to provide a curable batch that allows environmentally friendly, in particular without chemical additives, the production of a light building material with cavities, so that no harmful vapors or gases are released. In addition, the batch should be characterized by a low mixing water content, with good processability and flowability, and the cured batch should have a particularly low bulk density.
Weiterhin ist es Aufgabe der Erfindung, ein Verfahren anzugeben, das es ermöglicht, auf umweltfreundliche und materialsparende Weise einen leichten Baustoff mit Hohlräumen und einer besonders geringen Rohdichte herzustellen.Furthermore, it is an object of the invention to provide a method which makes it possible to produce a lightweight building material with cavities and a particularly low bulk density in an environmentally friendly and material-saving manner.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch ein Gemenge nach Anspruch 1 gelöst. Hierbei umfaßt zumindest ein Anteil des Hauptbestandteils und/oder zumindest ein Anteil der Beimischung Eisteilchen aus gefrorenem Wasser, die beim Aushärten des Gemenges Hohlräume in diesem erzeugen.This object is achieved by a mixture according to claim 1. Here, at least a portion of the main constituent and / or at least a portion of the admixture comprises ice particles from frozen water, which create cavities in the batch when the batch hardens.
Verfahrenstechnisch wird die gestellte Aufgabe durch ein Ver¬ fahren nach Anspruch 13 gelöst. Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren weist folgende Schritte auf: Erzeugen von Eisteilchen aus gefrorenem Wasser, Erzeugen eines aushärtbaren Gemenges durch Vermischen eines kleinteiligen Hauptbestandteils, der die Erhärtung bestimmt, mit mindestens einer Beimischung, Zugeben der Eisteilchen zu dem Gemenge, Formen des Gemenges entspre¬ chend der Form des herzustellenden Baustoffes, und Aushärten des geformten Gemenges.In terms of process technology, the object is achieved by a method according to claim 13. The method according to the invention has the following steps: generation of ice particles from frozen water, generation of a hardenable mixture by Mixing a small-part main component, which determines the hardening, with at least one admixture, adding the ice particles to the batch, shaping the batch according to the shape of the building material to be produced, and curing the molded batch.
Das aushärtbare Gemenge gemäß der Erfindung erlaubt die Her¬ stellung eines leichten Baustoffes mit Hohlräumen, ohne um¬ weltunverträgliche chemische Luftporenbildner oder dergleichen zu verwenden. Weiterhin kann durch das Zusetzen von Eisteilchen die Anmachwassermenge reduziert, d.h. der Wasserzementfaktor verkleinert werden, denn ein Großteil des beim Schmelzen der Eisteilchen freiwerdenden Wassers kann von dem Hauptbestandteil gebunden werden. Auch die Fließfähigkeit des Gemenges läßt sich durch die Zugabe von Eisteilchen verbessern. Besonders vorteil¬ haft ist, daß den Eisteilchen und damit den Hohlräumen in dem leichten Baustoff eine Größe und Form gegeben werden kann, die nach Anwendungs- bzw. Einsatzgebiet des ausgehärteten Gemenges gewünscht wird. Somit läßt sich ein Baustoff mit besonders geringer Rohdichte realisieren. Beim Aushärten des Gemenges können die Eisstückchen zusätzlich auch als Kühlung dienen.The curable mixture according to the invention permits the production of a light building material with cavities without using environmentally incompatible chemical air entraining agents or the like. Furthermore, by adding ice particles, the amount of mixing water can be reduced, i.e. the water cement factor can be reduced, because a large part of the water released when the ice particles melt can be bound by the main component. The flowability of the mixture can also be improved by adding ice particles. It is particularly advantageous that the ice particles and thus the cavities in the light building material can be given a size and shape which is desired according to the application or area of application of the hardened mixture. A building material with a particularly low bulk density can thus be realized. When the batch hardens, the ice cubes can also serve as cooling.
Schließlich ermöglicht das Verfahren gemäß der Erfindung eine kostengünstige, umweltverträgliche und einfache Herstellung von leichten Baustoffen mit Hohlräumen. Beim Aushärten bzw. Trock¬ nen des Baustoffes entsteht nur Wasser bzw. Wasserdampf. Durch die Verwendung speziell ausgeformter Eisteilchen läßt sich eine besonders geringe Rohdichte erreichen. Ein solcher Baustoff, besonders bei der industriellen Fertigung von Fertigteilen für den Hausbau oder dergleichen, ermöglicht eine erhebliche Ge¬ wichtsersparnis gegenüber herkömmlichen Baustoffen. Mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren kann somit eine Gewichtsreduzierung durch Volumenverdrängung im Baustoff geschaffen werden.Finally, the method according to the invention enables inexpensive, environmentally compatible and simple production of light building materials with cavities. When the building material hardens or dries, only water or water vapor is produced. A particularly low bulk density can be achieved by using specially shaped ice particles. Such a building material, particularly in the industrial production of prefabricated parts for house construction or the like, enables considerable weight savings compared to conventional building materials. The method according to the invention can thus be used to reduce weight by displacing the volume of the building material.
Vorteilhafte Details des erfindungsgemäßen Gemenges sind in den Unteransprüchen 2-12 beschrieben, auf die ausdrücklich Bezug genommen wird. Besonders sei jedoch noch auf die Maßnahmen nach den Ansprüchen 3-5 hingewiesen, die die Herstellung von Leicht¬ beton geringer Rohdichte erlauben, und auf die Maßnahmen nach den Anprüchen 7-9, die die Herstellung von Ziegeln mit Hohlräumen bzw. von Porenziegeln ermöglichen.Advantageous details of the batch according to the invention are described in subclaims 2-12, to which express reference is made. However, special attention should be drawn to the measures according to claims 3-5, which allow the production of lightweight concrete with a low bulk density, and to the measures according to claims 7-9, which enable the production of bricks with cavities or pore bricks.
Vorteilhafte Details des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens sind in den Unteransprüchen 14-30 beschrieben.Advantageous details of the method according to the invention are described in subclaims 14-30.
Nachstehend werden bevorzugte Ausführungsformen eines erfin¬ dungsgemäßen aushärtbaren Gemenges zur Herstellung eines leich¬ ten Baustoffes mit Hohlräumen und ein erfindungsgemäßes Herstellungsverfahren für einen leichten Baustoff mit Hohlräumen näher erläutert.Preferred embodiments of a curable mixture according to the invention for producing a lightweight building material with cavities and an inventive manufacturing method for a lightweight building material with cavities are explained in more detail below.
Das aushärtbare Gemenge entsprechend der ersten Ausführungsform ermöglicht die Herstellung von Leichtbeton mit Hohlräumen. Als hydraulisches Bindemittel wird hierbei Zement verwendet, dem als Zuschlagstoff Kies der Körnung 0/16 zugesetzt ist. Hierzu ist vom werksgemischten Kies der Körnung 0/32 die Körnung 16/32 ausgesiebt worden. Als Ersatz für die Zuschlagstoffteilchen der Körnung 16/32 sind Eisteilchen derselben Körnung zugesetzt. Das Eis liegt in Form von teilweise kugelförmigen und gebrochenen Stücken vor.The hardenable mixture according to the first embodiment enables the production of lightweight concrete with cavities. Cement is used as the hydraulic binding agent, to which gravel of grain size 0/16 has been added. For this purpose, grain size 16/32 was sifted out of the mixed gravel 0/32. Ice particles of the same grain size have been added to replace the 16/32 grain particles. The ice is in the form of partially spherical and broken pieces.
Besonders ausschlaggebend für die Verarbeitbarkeit und Flie߬ fähigkeit des Gemenges ist der Anteil des verwendeten Anmach¬ wassers. Die Zugabe von Eisteilchen anstelle von Zuschlagstoff- teilchen derselben Korngröße läßt eine erhebliche Reduzierung des Anmachwassergehalts zu, da das für den Abbindevorgang des Zements zusätzlich benötigte Wasser aus dem Schmelzprozeß der Eisteilchen gewonnen wird.The proportion of the mixing water used is particularly decisive for the processability and flowability of the batch. The addition of ice particles instead of aggregate particles of the same grain size allows a considerable reduction in the mixing water content, since the water additionally required for the setting process of the cement is obtained from the melting process of the ice particles.
Die zugesetzten Eisteilchen werden vor der Vermengung mit dem Zuschlagstoff zuerst mit dem Zementanteil vorgemischt, so daß die Eisoberfläche mit Zement belegt ist. Der für die Hydrata¬ tion des die Eisteilchen umgebenden Zements benötigte Wasseran¬ teil wird durch Anschmelzen der Eisteilchen gewonnen. Dadurch, daß die Eisteilchen eine Zementschicht aufweisen, sind sie mit der Hauptmischung ohne weiteres vermischbar, und ein Auf¬ schwimmen der Eisteilchen in dem Gemenge, insbesondere bei anschließender RüttelVerdichtung, kann vermieden werden. Die verwendeten Eisteilchen können eine Korngröße von bis zu 35mm aufweisen. Hierbei haben sich rundliche Eisteilchenformen hinsichtlich Zementbedarf und Verarbeitbarkeit am geeignetsten erwiesen. Deshalb werden dem Gemenge bevorzugt kugelförmige Eisteilchen zugesetzt. Allerdings ermöglichen Eisteilchen in Form von Pyramiden, Würfeln oder anderen Polyedern neben kugel¬ förmigen Eisteilchen eine besondere Stabilität der Hohlräume im Baustoff. Die Eisteilchen werden am einfachsten durch Einfrie¬ ren von Wasser in entsprechenden Formen gebildet. Jedoch ist die Erzeugung von von ebenfalls verwendetem Splittereis bzw. Spalteis durch Spalten bzw. Crashen größerer Eisstücke oder -blocke denkbar.The added ice particles are first premixed with the cement portion before being mixed with the aggregate, so that the ice surface is covered with cement. The water portion required for the hydration of the cement surrounding the ice particles is obtained by melting the ice particles. Because the ice particles have a cement layer, they can easily be mixed with the main mixture, and floating of the ice particles in the mixture, in particular with subsequent vibratory compaction, can be avoided. The ice particles used can have a grain size of up to 35 mm. Roundish ice particle shapes have proven to be the most suitable in terms of cement requirements and processability. Therefore spherical ice particles are preferably added to the mixture. However, in addition to spherical ice particles, ice particles in the form of pyramids, cubes or other polyhedra enable the cavities in the building material to be particularly stable. The easiest way to form the ice particles is to freeze water in appropriate forms. However, it is conceivable to generate ice or split ice by splitting or crashing larger pieces of ice or blocks.
Der vorliegende Frischbeton kann so verarbeitet werden wie herkömmlicher Frischbeton. Das Gemisch wird in eine Schalung oder Form eingefüllt und anschließend z.B. durch Rütteln verdichtet. Nach dem Erhärten des Betons wird die Schalung entfernt bzw. das Betonprodukt aus der Form genommen.The present fresh concrete can be processed in the same way as conventional fresh concrete. The mixture is poured into a formwork or mold and then e.g. compacted by shaking. After the concrete has hardened, the formwork is removed or the concrete product is removed from the mold.
Während des Einfüllens, Verdichtens und Aushärtens bleiben die Hohlräume, die durch das Schmelzen der Eisteilchen entstehen, dadurch erhalten, daß die Eisteilchen, bevor sie der bestehen¬ den Mischung beigegeben werden, mit einem Teil des Zements vor¬ gemischt sind und dadurch auf der Oberfläche eine Zementschicht gebildet wird, die das auftretende Schmelzwasser aufsaugt. Somit entsteht eine stabile Wandung der Hohlräume. Das mit dem Zement vorgemischte Eis muß unmittelbar der Mischung zugegeben und sofort mit dieser gut vermischt werden. Nachdem das Misch¬ gut in eine Form oder Schalung eingefüllt worden ist, wird es durch Rütteln oder dergleichen verdichtet, so daß das Eis zusammen mit dem Zuschlagstoff anderer Körnung gepreßt wird.During the filling, compacting and hardening, the cavities which result from the melting of the ice particles are preserved in that the ice particles are premixed with a part of the cement before they are added to the existing mixture and thereby on the surface a cement layer is formed, which absorbs the melt water that occurs. This creates a stable wall of the cavities. The ice premixed with the cement must be added immediately to the mixture and immediately mixed well with it. After the mixture has been poured into a mold or formwork, it is compacted by shaking or the like, so that the ice is pressed together with the aggregate of another grain size.
Die vorgemischen Eisteilchen sollen noch nicht wesentlich in den Schmelzprozeß übergegangen ist, bevor sie mit den übrigen Bestandteilen des Gemenges vermischt und verdichtet werden. Um dies sicherzustellen, ist es erforderlich, das frische Gemenge unmittelbar zu formen. Hilfreich kann es zusätzlich sein, den Zement für das Vormischen und/oder die übrigen Bestandteile auf niedriger Temperatur zu halten. In jedem Fall muß gewährleistet sein, daß die Eisteilchen beim Formen noch ihre im wesentlichen ursprüngliche bzw. eine gewünschte Form aufweisen.The premixed ice particles should not have gone into the melting process before they are mixed and compacted with the other constituents of the mixture. To ensure this, it is necessary to shape the fresh batch immediately. It can also be helpful to apply the cement for premixing and / or the other components keep low temperature. In any case, it must be ensured that the ice particles still have their essentially original or a desired shape during molding.
Es ist in diesem Zusammenhang auch denkbar, eine bestimmte Hohlraumgröße dadurch zu erhalten, daß die verwendeten Eisteilchen ausgehend von einer Basisgröße auf eine gewünschte Endgröße zusammenschmelzen, ehe sie weiter vermischt bzw. das Gemenge verdichtet wird. Dies läßt sich durch eine zeitliche Verzögerung zwischen Eisherstellung bzw. Vormischen und dem Weiterverarbeiten des Gemenges erreichen.In this context, it is also conceivable to obtain a certain cavity size by melting the ice particles used from a basic size to a desired final size before they are mixed further or the mixture is compacted. This can be achieved by a time lag between ice production or premixing and further processing of the batch.
Die Hydratation setzt ca. 1-2 Stunden nach dem Mischvorgang ein. Durch Zusätze, wie etwa Beschleuniger oder Verzögerer zum Beeinflussen des Abbindens bzw. Erhärtens, könnte diese Zeit entsprechend verkürzt oder verlängert werden. Die Eisteilchen setzen durch den Schmelzvorgang Wasser frei, das direkt für die Hydratation verwendet wird. Die Hohlraumwände bleiben aufgrund der abgebundenen Zementschicht stabil erhalten.The hydration starts about 1-2 hours after the mixing process. Additives such as accelerators or retarders to influence the setting or hardening could shorten or extend this time accordingly. The ice particles release water through the melting process, which is used directly for hydration. The cavity walls remain stable due to the set cement layer.
Die Gewichtsersparnis von Leichtbeton, der nach dem erfindungs¬ gemäßen Verfahren hergestellt ist, gegenüber Normalbeton mit den üblichen Zuschlagstoffen wird durch folgendes Untersu¬ chungsergebnis verdeutlicht. Für Normalbeton besteht das Gemenge z.B. aus Kies 0/16, Kies 16/32, Zement und Wasser. Ein Würfel, hergestellt aus diesem Normalbetongemenge, hat bei einer Kantenlänge von 20cm eine Frischbetondichte von 2300 kg/cm3. Ein Würfel gleicher Größe, hergestellt aus einem Leichtbetongemenge bestehend aus Kies 0/16, Eis 16/32, Zement und Wasser hat etwa dieselbe Frischbetondichte. Nach einer Trocknungszeit von etwa 14 Tagen weist der Leichtbetonwürfel gegenüber dem Normalbetonwürfel eine um etwa 35% geringere Rohdichte auf.The weight saving of lightweight concrete, which is produced by the method according to the invention, compared to normal concrete with the usual additives is illustrated by the following test result. For normal concrete, the mixture consists of gravel 0/16, gravel 16/32, cement and water. A cube made from this normal concrete quantity has a fresh concrete density of 2300 kg / cm 3 with an edge length of 20 cm. A cube of the same size, made from a lightweight concrete mix consisting of gravel 0/16, ice 16/32, cement and water, has approximately the same density of fresh concrete. After a drying time of about 14 days, the lightweight concrete cube has a gross density which is about 35% lower than that of normal concrete cube.
Eine weitere Gewichtsersparnis kann durch eine vermehrte Zugabe von Eisteilchen erreicht werden. Hierbei werden etwa in dem Versuchsbeispiel noch Zuschlagteilchen mit einer anderen Kör¬ nung durch Eisteilchen derselben Körnung ersetzen. Insbesondere die Zugabe größerer Eisteilchen führt zu einer weiteren Gewichtsreduzierung. Rohdichten für Leichtbeton kleiner als 1400 kg/cm3 lassen sich somit gut realisieren.Additional weight savings can be achieved by adding ice particles. In this case, for example in the experimental example, aggregate particles with a different grain size will be replaced by ice particles of the same grain size. In particular, the addition of larger ice particles leads to another Weight reduction. Raw densities for lightweight concrete smaller than 1400 kg / cm 3 can thus be easily achieved.
Nachfolgend wird eine zweite Ausführungsform beschrieben. Das Gemenge entsprechend dieser Ausführungsform ist dazu geeignet, einen Ziegelbaustein mit Hohlräumen herzustellen.A second embodiment will be described below. The batch according to this embodiment is suitable for producing a brick block with cavities.
Dem Hauptbestandteil Lehm wird zur Verbesserung der Verarbeit¬ barkeit ein gewisser Anteil von Anmachwasser beigemischt. Nach der Vermischung wird ein Großteil des Wassers wieder entzogen. Anschließend werden dem dann "quasi trockenen" Lehmgemisch Eisteilchen aus gefrorenem Wasser zugesetzt. Die Eisteilchen weisen hierbei eine Körnung auf, die im wesentlichem dem Durchmesser der in dem Ziegelbaustein gewünschten Hohlräume entspricht.A certain proportion of mixing water is added to the main component clay in order to improve the processability. After mixing, a large part of the water is extracted again. Then ice particles from frozen water are added to the "quasi-dry" clay mixture. The ice particles have a grain size that corresponds essentially to the diameter of the cavities desired in the brick block.
Um zu verhindern, daß die Eisteilchen in der Lehmmischung auf¬ schwimmen, können sie gesondert mit Lehm und einem Teil des Anmachwassers vorgemischt werden, so daß eine Lehmschicht auf den Eisteilchen gebildet wird. Hierdurch wird die Vermischbar- keit der Eisteilchen mit dem "quasi trockenen" Lehm erheblich verbessert.In order to prevent the ice particles from floating up in the clay mixture, they can be premixed separately with clay and part of the mixing water so that a layer of clay is formed on the ice particles. This significantly improves the miscibility of the ice particles with the "quasi-dry" clay.
Das mit Eisteilchen versetzte Lehmgemenge wird in eine Form eingefüllt, so daß Mauersteine oder -blocke in Voll- oder Halbblockform je nach Anwendungsbereich gebildet werden. Alter¬ nativ kann das Lehmgemisch, das eine noch ausreichend teigige Konsistenz aufweist, sträng- oder stempelgepreßt werden zur Herstellung von nahezu allen Ziegeleierzeugnissen einschlie߬ lich Wand- und Bodenplatten. Die Eisteilchen halten dabei dem Druck der verwendeten Strangpresse stand. Es entstehen nach dem Schmelzen der Eisteilchen Hohlräume, die im wesentlichen die Form der ursprünglichen Eisteilchen aufweisen. Besonders kugel¬ förmige oder polyedrische Hohlräume haben sich als besonders stabil erwiesen. Im übrigen gilt hinsichtlich der Verwendung von Eisteilchen für die Ziegelherstellung im wesentlichen das für die Leichtbetonherstellung Gesagte. Unmittelbar an die Formgebung schließt sich der Trocknungspro¬ zeß an, wobei dem Ziegelrohling das noch vorhandene Rest- Anmachwasser gänzlich entzogen wird. Des weiteren verdunstet das Wasser der nach der Formgebung geschmolzenen Eisteilchen zusammen mit dem Poren- und Hüllenwasser. Nach entsprechender Trocknungszeit wird der getrocknete Ziegel z.B. in einem Tun¬ nelofen bei etwa 800°C gebrannt, wodurch ein Ziegelbaustoff mit den gewünschten Hohlräumen entsteht.The clay mixture mixed with ice particles is poured into a mold so that bricks or blocks in full or half block form are formed depending on the area of application. Alternatively, the clay mixture, which still has a sufficiently pasty consistency, can be extruded or stamped to produce almost all brick products, including wall and floor panels. The ice particles withstand the pressure of the extrusion press used. After the ice particles have melted, cavities are formed which essentially have the shape of the original ice particles. Spherical or polyhedral cavities in particular have proven to be particularly stable. Otherwise, what has been said for the production of lightweight concrete applies essentially to the use of ice particles for the production of bricks. The drying process immediately follows the shaping, the residual mixing water still present being completely removed from the brick blank. Furthermore, the water of the ice particles melted after shaping evaporates together with the pore and shell water. After a corresponding drying time, the dried brick is fired, for example, in a tunnel oven at about 800 ° C., which produces a brick building material with the desired cavities.
Sämtliche in den Anmeldungsunterlagen genannten Merkmale werden als erfindungswesentlich beansprucht, soweit sie einzeln oder in Kombination nicht vorbekannt sind. All of the features mentioned in the application documents are claimed as essential to the invention, insofar as they are not previously known individually or in combination.
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19523353.0 | 1995-06-27 | ||
| DE1995123353 DE19523353A1 (en) | 1995-06-27 | 1995-06-27 | Curable batch for producing a light building material with cavities and method for producing a light building material with cavities |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1997001517A1 true WO1997001517A1 (en) | 1997-01-16 |
Family
ID=7765371
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP1996/002632 Ceased WO1997001517A1 (en) | 1995-06-27 | 1996-06-18 | Hardenable mixture for producing a lightweight building material with cavities, and process for producing a lightweight building material with cavities |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE19523353A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1997001517A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108298697A (en) * | 2018-02-24 | 2018-07-20 | 河海大学 | A kind of hydraulic structure porous surface rugosity whitewashing preparation method |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE161641C (en) * | ||||
| GB221742A (en) * | 1924-01-21 | 1924-09-18 | Viktor Wikkula | Porous-concrete |
| US3141857A (en) * | 1960-01-27 | 1964-07-21 | H Negendank Dr Ing | Foaming agent for making cellular concrete, and method of making same |
| DE2013819A1 (en) * | 1970-03-23 | 1971-10-21 | Badische Anilin- & Soda-Fabrik Ag, 6700 Ludwigshafen | Porous- light-weight building material prodn |
| DE2417500A1 (en) * | 1974-04-10 | 1975-10-23 | Guenther Ziems | Lightweight lime-sand bricks with internal cavities - mfd using ice instead of water in moulding mixtures |
| DE3614943C1 (en) * | 1986-05-02 | 1987-04-30 | Guenther Dipl-Ing Mallow | Use of glazed perlite grains for producing tiles |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AT26043B (en) * | 1905-05-08 | 1906-10-25 | Heinrich Schmidt | Process for the production of porous artificial stones and other porous bodies. |
| SE368948B (en) * | 1972-11-07 | 1974-07-29 | Innovationsteknik Inst Ab | |
| DE3331110A1 (en) * | 1983-08-30 | 1985-03-14 | Rigips GmbH, 3452 Bodenwerder | Process for producing shaped articles, in particular panels, using binders containing calcium sulphate |
| DE3929703A1 (en) * | 1989-09-07 | 1991-03-21 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | METHOD FOR PRODUCING PLASTER COMPONENTS |
| DE4003382C2 (en) * | 1990-02-05 | 1995-01-26 | Sto Ag | Process for the production of an acoustic plaster |
-
1995
- 1995-06-27 DE DE1995123353 patent/DE19523353A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1996
- 1996-06-18 WO PCT/EP1996/002632 patent/WO1997001517A1/en not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE161641C (en) * | ||||
| GB221742A (en) * | 1924-01-21 | 1924-09-18 | Viktor Wikkula | Porous-concrete |
| US3141857A (en) * | 1960-01-27 | 1964-07-21 | H Negendank Dr Ing | Foaming agent for making cellular concrete, and method of making same |
| DE2013819A1 (en) * | 1970-03-23 | 1971-10-21 | Badische Anilin- & Soda-Fabrik Ag, 6700 Ludwigshafen | Porous- light-weight building material prodn |
| DE2417500A1 (en) * | 1974-04-10 | 1975-10-23 | Guenther Ziems | Lightweight lime-sand bricks with internal cavities - mfd using ice instead of water in moulding mixtures |
| DE3614943C1 (en) * | 1986-05-02 | 1987-04-30 | Guenther Dipl-Ing Mallow | Use of glazed perlite grains for producing tiles |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108298697A (en) * | 2018-02-24 | 2018-07-20 | 河海大学 | A kind of hydraulic structure porous surface rugosity whitewashing preparation method |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE19523353A1 (en) | 1997-01-02 |
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