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WO1997001072A1 - Procede et installation de recuperation de la chaleur de gaz de fumees - Google Patents

Procede et installation de recuperation de la chaleur de gaz de fumees Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1997001072A1
WO1997001072A1 PCT/SE1996/000612 SE9600612W WO9701072A1 WO 1997001072 A1 WO1997001072 A1 WO 1997001072A1 SE 9600612 W SE9600612 W SE 9600612W WO 9701072 A1 WO9701072 A1 WO 9701072A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
flue gases
heat exchange
exchange surfaces
room
particle
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/SE1996/000612
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Kenth Erhagen
Jim Andersson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Alstom Power Carbon AB
Original Assignee
ABB Carbon AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ABB Carbon AB filed Critical ABB Carbon AB
Publication of WO1997001072A1 publication Critical patent/WO1997001072A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D21/0001—Recuperative heat exchangers
    • F28D21/0003—Recuperative heat exchangers the heat being recuperated from exhaust gases
    • F28D21/0005—Recuperative heat exchangers the heat being recuperated from exhaust gases for domestic or space-heating systems
    • F28D21/0007—Water heaters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B31/00—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements or dispositions of combustion apparatus
    • F22B31/0007—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements or dispositions of combustion apparatus with combustion in a fluidized bed
    • F22B31/0084—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements or dispositions of combustion apparatus with combustion in a fluidized bed with recirculation of separated solids or with cooling of the bed particles outside the combustion bed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
    • F23C10/18—Details; Accessories
    • F23C10/24—Devices for removal of material from the bed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/06—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of coolers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D13/00—Heat-exchange apparatus using a fluidised bed
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/30—Technologies for a more efficient combustion or heat usage

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a ' device for extracting heat energy from flue gases produced through a combustion of fuel in a combustor of a power plant in a part of the power plant separated from said combustor, which comprises a conduit for conveying the flue gases along heat exchange surfaces inside which a cooling medium is intended to be circulated in an arrangement for transferring heat from the flue gases to said medium, as well as a method according to the preamble of the appended claim 1.
  • Devices of this type are arranged in nearly all types of power plants in which flue gases are produced by combustion of a fuel, such as power plants having fluidized beds for combustion of particle-like fuel, oil-fired boilers, soda pans and so on, and the aim thereof is to extract as much as possible of the heat energy contained in said flue gases before letting them out into the open air.
  • Said heat energy extraction from the flue gases takes place in a part of the power plant located downstream the combustor or combustion chamber as seen in the path of the flue gases, and energy has often already been extracted from the flue gases after the combustion, for instance by driving a gas turbine, before they have reached the device of the type described above.
  • Power plant is defined, as appears from above, in this disclosure as comprising not only plants for generat-
  • a device of this type is in such a power plant arranged in the path of the flue gases after a gas turbine, in which the flue gases have been expanded and cooled down to a considerably lower temperature than they had after the combustion in the combustor, and before a chimney, so as to take care of the heat energy that these flue gases still contain after leaving the low pressure turbine step of the power plant.
  • Such a device is, not only in this application, given the name economizer.
  • Such devices already known have one or more sets of tubes projecting into said conduit and in which a cooling medium, usually water, is circulated so as to be heated by the flue gases sweeping along the heat exchange surfaces of said set of tubes, and said conduit is made wider in the room in which the sets of tubes are arranged.
  • the different tubes have an amount of flanges ar- ranged comparatively close to each other so as to provide as large heat exchange surfaces as possible for the flue gases and for making the flue gases to be cooled down as much as possible.
  • particles remaining in the flue gases i.e.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a method and a device of the type defined in the introduction, which find remedy to the inconveniences mentioned above of such methods and devices already known and makes it possible to considerably improve the heat exchange between the flue gases and said medium so as to take care of as much as possible of the heat energy remaining therein.
  • This object is according to the invention obtained by providing such a device with means adapted to provide the room in the flue gas conduit surrounding the heat exchange surfaces with a particle-like material for transferring heat energy from the flue gases passing to said heat exchange surfaces through said material, as well as a method according to the appended claim 1.
  • said means provides the room surrounding the heat exchange surfaces with a particle-like material and this is used as an heat exchange medium between the flue gases and the heat exchange surfaces
  • the heat trans ⁇ fer between the flue gases and the heat exchange surfaces will be improved considerably, so that it is no longer necessary to arrange said comparatively costly flanges so as to obtain as large heat exchange surfaces as possible, and thereby the problems with plugging of the spaces between such flanges are solved.
  • the particle ⁇ like material will through the movement it is given by the flue gases passing "sweep" these heat exchange surfaces clean, i.e. usually the outer walls of tubes, which contribute to an improved heat transfer between the flue gases and these surfaces and also means that the problems with plugging of the spaces between adjacent flanges would be reduced remarkably in the case said flanges had still been there.
  • said means are arranged to provide said room with a particle ⁇ like material containing lime for desulphurization of the flue gases passing it, so that this may take place before they are decharged into the open air.
  • the device comprises members for supply of the particle ⁇ like material to said room with an elevated temperature with respect to the temperature of the surrounding of the power plant, which improves the heat transfer between the flue gases and the heat exchange surfaces through the particle-like material.
  • said members may be arranged to supply the particle-like material to said conduit down ⁇ stream said room and cause transport thereof to said room while being heated by meeting flue gases, whereby it will be possible to use a pre-heated particle-like material and in that way increase the heat exploitation of the device further by cooling the flue gases also through heat trans ⁇ fer to this particle-like material after they have passed said heat exchange surfaces and this heat is then trans ⁇ ferred to said heat exchange surfaces by the particle-like material.
  • the power plant comprises a bed in which said combustion is intended to take place and said members are arranged to feed said particle-like material to said conduit in the form of bed ashes from said bed. It will in this way be possible to take advantage of the heat still included in the bed ashes fed out of the combustor bed through the heat transfer to said heat exchange surfaces.
  • said means comprise at least a bottom arranged in said conduit and provided with nozzles for letting said flue gases through, said bottom having arranged thereon a bed of particle-like material at least partially surrounding said heat exchange surfaces.
  • Said room surrounding the heat exchange surfaces is hereby in a very advantageous way provided with particle-like material, wherein said flue gases going through said nozzles will preferably fluidize the bed for increasing the heat transferring capacity.
  • the device comprises members for regulating the height of the bed for adjusting the degree of coverage of said heat exchange surfaces through the bed material and thereby adaption of the power output of the device to varying conditions.
  • the device has a plurality of said arrangements with heat exchange surfaces arranged in said conduit one after another and members for individually regulating the height of the different beds. It is thereby possible to regulate the different power outputs in the different arrangements when a plurality of such arrangements are arranged one after the other, which is often the case in known economizers, so that no types of other special arrangements, such as by-pass valves, for obtaining such an individual regulation is required as was necessary until now.
  • the conduit extends substantially vertically in that part thereof in which said room is located, and it comprises members for supply of said particle-like material above said room for falling downwardly and passing said heat exchange surfaces. Thanks to the so called falling bed obtained in this way it will be possible to obtain heat exchange between the flue gases and said heat exchange surfaces through the particle-like material without any provision of any bottom in the conduit for this material.
  • Fig 1 is a schematic, partially sectioned view of a pres ⁇ sure vessel with a combustor arranged therein in a PFBC- power plant and a device according to a first preferred em ⁇ bodiment of the invention
  • Fig 2 is a view corresponding to Fig 1 of a device accord ⁇ ing to a second preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig 1 a part of such a power plant is schematically shown in Fig 1, which comprises a combustor 1, which is received in a vessel 2, which may have a volume in the order of 10 ⁇ m ⁇ and which may be pressurized to for example about 16 bars.
  • Compressed air 3 for pressurizing the combustor 1 and for fluidizing a bed 4 in the combustor is supplied to the pressure vessel.
  • the compressed air is supplied to the combustor through fluidizing nozzles 5 schematically indicated in the bottom of the combustor for fluidizing the bed enclosed in the combustor.
  • the bed is made of bed material, granual-shaped absorbent and particle-like fuel, preferably crushed carbon, which is combusted in the fluidizing air supplied to the bed.
  • the combustion gases, hereinafter called flue gases, from the bed are then led through purification means not shown, such as cyclones, further to a gas turbine 24 schematically indicated, in which the flue gases are expanded for extracting energy therefrom, in which the flue gases usually first pass a high pressure turbine and then a low pressure turbine and then through a conduit 6 arrive to a so called economizer 7, in which heat energy is extracted from the flue gases while cooling them before they are led out into the open air through a chimney not shown.
  • the flue gases formed in the combustion in the combustor have usually a temperature of 800-850°C, but the flue gases arriving to the economizer 7 in the conduit 6 have usually a temperature of 300-350°C.
  • a PFBC-power plant of this type is described for example in the Swedish patent application 9501097-1 of the applicant.
  • the economizer 7 is constituted by several, most often two or three and in this case three, part economizers 8, 9, 10, which have a set of tubes each projecting into a room 12 formed by a widened portion 11 of the conduit 6, and even if the drawings do not show this they cover substantially the entire cross-section of the room.
  • the sets of tubes 8, 9, 10 have heat exchange surfaces with respect to the surroundings and a cooling medium, preferably water, circulating inside thereof, said medium having a tempera ⁇ ture above about 130°C when it leaves said room 12, since otherwise sulphur will condensate on the "cold" tubes.
  • a bottom 13 covering the cross-section of the conduit 6 is arranged under each set of tubes, and this is provided with nozzles 14 for passing said flue gases and fluidizing the bed 23 of particle-like material 15 resting on the respec ⁇ tive bottom 13.
  • Said particle-like material 15 will absorb heat from the flue gases passing therethrough and effi ⁇ ciently transfer this heat to the heat exchange surfaces 16 of the sets of tubes and thereby to the cooling medium . circulating therein. Thanks to the movement of the parti ⁇ cle-like material achieved by the flue gases, this will also "sweep" the heat exchange surfaces of the sets of tubes clean, so that these will not be plugged.
  • the particle-like material is in the present case formed by bed ashes from the bed 4 present in the combustor 1, the device having members 17, indicated through a conduit branching to each bed and arranged to feed bed ashes to the respective bed.
  • the device also comprises members indicated through tube fragments 18 for discharging bed material from the respective bed, said members 18 being individually regulated, so that an individual regulation of the height of the respective bed may be achieved for adjusting differ ⁇ ent power outputs of the different part economizers 8, 9, 10. It is hereby not absolutely necessary to have a bypass- valve for the power regulation of the economizer 7.
  • the heat that this has when it is discharged from the bed 4 in the combustor 1 may be used for heating the sets of tubes 8-10, and the bed ashes discharged from the bed 4 has typically a temperature of about 200-250°C.
  • the bed ashes supplied to the respective bed 14 is preferably provided with lime for desulphurization of flue gases passing through the beds 14, so that the amount of S0 X emitted into the open air later on is reduced.
  • the device also comprises a filter 19 arranged downstream the very economizer 7, which is intended to remove possible particles carried along with the flue gases downstream the economizer from the flue gases before they are let out in the open air.
  • heat may in a remarkably more efficient way than in .
  • such devices already known and described in the introduction be extracted from the flue gases before they are let out in the open air, which is primarily obtained by a dramatic in ⁇ crease in the heat transfer capacity, which may be several times higher, of the device according to the invention thanks to the fact that particle-like material surrounding said heat exchange surfaces 16 is used as heat transfer me ⁇ dium.
  • the device according to a second preferred embodiment of the invention is schematically illustrated in Fig 2, in which parts corresponding to parts in the first embodiment are provided with the same reference numerals.
  • this embodiment there is no real bed, but a so called “falling bed” of particle-like material 15 is formed, which is supplied to the conduit 6 from a container 20 through members indicated by a conduit 21 in the path of the flue gases downstream said room 12 with the sets of tubes 8, 9 and 10, the conduit 6 in said room 12 being substantially vertically arranged.
  • the small particles 15 will fall along the sets of tubes while heating the flue gases and in this way absorb heat from the flue gases and transfer this to the heat exchange surfaces of the sets of tubes and thereby to the cooling medium circulating therein.
  • said members are arranged to supply the particle-like material 21 upstream said room 12, it may be supplied with a comparatively low temperature, preferably ambient temperature, since it will be heated by the flue gases before these are subjected to a further cooling on the other side of the room 12 and the energy output from the flue gases is thereby further improved. It is then necessary that the particles are not too small, but a sufficient relation prevails between the particle size/flue gas velocity, so that the fall velocity of the particles is higher than the so called terminal velocity, i.e. they are moving downwards. On the other hand, the particles shall of course not be so great that they fall too fast through the room 12.
  • the device has also members 22 arranged to discharge particle-like material arrived thereto and feed it back to the container 20 for refeeding downstream said room 12, in the path of the flue gases upstream said room 12, any cooling device and/or cleaning device may possibly be arranged between the discharging member 22 and the container 20.
  • the particle-like material is in this case not any bed ashes from the combustor of the power plant, but it is any other suitable particle-like material, such as sand or ashes, preferably including lime for desulphurization.
  • the particle-like material could be another than the materials mentioned above, so long as it has the desired good heat exchange properties and no negative tendencies with respect to adhering to the sets of tubes.
  • the particle-like material may of course also in the embodiment shown in Fig 2 be supplied to the conduit 6 in a pre-heated state, and it could then possibly be supplied to the conduit 6 directly to said room 12.
  • the definition of said means in the device main claim also is intended to comprise the case of the supply of no material to a bed, but this is kept substantially unchange .
  • That said room is provided with a particle-like material does not mean that the entire room has to be filled with said material, which is not either the case for example when heat exchange surfaces (sets of tubes) are partially covered by the bed material of a bed formed thereby.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chimneys And Flues (AREA)
  • Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention porte sur une installation d'extraction de l'énergie thermique à partir de gaz de fumées résultant de la combustion de combustibles dans le brûleur (1) d'une centrale thermique, dans une partie de la centrale distincte du brûleur, laquelle comporte un conduit (6) amenant les gaz de fumées sur les surfaces d'échange thermique (16) où circule un milieu de refroidissement dans un dispositif (8, 9, 10) conçu pour transférer l'énergie thermique des gaz de fumées vers ledit milieu de refroidissement. L'installation comporte en outre des moyens (17) conçus pour remplir l'espace (12) entourant lesdites surfaces d'échange thermique, dans le conduit de gaz de fumées d'un matériau de type particulaire (15) assurant par son intermédiaire le transfert de l'énergie thermique des gaz de fumées vers les surfaces d'échange thermique.
PCT/SE1996/000612 1995-06-21 1996-05-10 Procede et installation de recuperation de la chaleur de gaz de fumees Ceased WO1997001072A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE9502248-9 1995-06-21
SE9502248A SE9502248L (sv) 1995-06-21 1995-06-21 Förfarande och anordning för värmeenergiutvinning ur rökgaser

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1997001072A1 true WO1997001072A1 (fr) 1997-01-09

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/SE1996/000612 Ceased WO1997001072A1 (fr) 1995-06-21 1996-05-10 Procede et installation de recuperation de la chaleur de gaz de fumees

Country Status (2)

Country Link
SE (1) SE9502248L (fr)
WO (1) WO1997001072A1 (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2002050474A1 (fr) * 2000-12-18 2002-06-27 Alstom (Switzerland) Ltd Systeme de transfert thermique par conduction et par recuperation
GB2420174A (en) * 2004-11-12 2006-05-17 Heatworx Ltd Boiler flue gas heat exchanger with a thermal store and transfer means for preheating water
US7415944B2 (en) 2004-11-12 2008-08-26 Christopher Charles Farrell Heat exchanger suitable for a boiler, and a boiler including such a heat exchanger
WO2017085433A1 (fr) * 2015-11-20 2017-05-26 Haffner Energy Dispositif d'echange d'enthalpie

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3863606A (en) * 1973-07-25 1975-02-04 Us Environment Vapor generating system utilizing fluidized beds
GB2162935A (en) * 1984-08-09 1986-02-12 Pettingale Limited Fluid beds
US4796568A (en) * 1987-03-25 1989-01-10 Abb Stal Ab Power plant burning fuel in a fluidized bed
SE468364B (sv) * 1990-04-30 1992-12-21 Abb Stal Ab Saett foer kylning av stoft som avskiljts fraan roekgaserna fraan en pfbc-anlaeggning
US5313913A (en) * 1993-05-28 1994-05-24 Ebara Corporation Pressurized internal circulating fluidized-bed boiler

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3863606A (en) * 1973-07-25 1975-02-04 Us Environment Vapor generating system utilizing fluidized beds
GB2162935A (en) * 1984-08-09 1986-02-12 Pettingale Limited Fluid beds
US4796568A (en) * 1987-03-25 1989-01-10 Abb Stal Ab Power plant burning fuel in a fluidized bed
SE468364B (sv) * 1990-04-30 1992-12-21 Abb Stal Ab Saett foer kylning av stoft som avskiljts fraan roekgaserna fraan en pfbc-anlaeggning
US5313913A (en) * 1993-05-28 1994-05-24 Ebara Corporation Pressurized internal circulating fluidized-bed boiler

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, Vol. 5, No. 39, M-59; & JP,A,55 165 492 (EBARA SEISAKUSHO K.K.), 23 December 1980. *

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2002050474A1 (fr) * 2000-12-18 2002-06-27 Alstom (Switzerland) Ltd Systeme de transfert thermique par conduction et par recuperation
GB2420174A (en) * 2004-11-12 2006-05-17 Heatworx Ltd Boiler flue gas heat exchanger with a thermal store and transfer means for preheating water
GB2420174B (en) * 2004-11-12 2006-12-13 Heatworx Ltd Heat exchanger suitable for a condensing boiler, and a condensing boiler including such a heat exchanger
US7415944B2 (en) 2004-11-12 2008-08-26 Christopher Charles Farrell Heat exchanger suitable for a boiler, and a boiler including such a heat exchanger
WO2017085433A1 (fr) * 2015-11-20 2017-05-26 Haffner Energy Dispositif d'echange d'enthalpie
FR3044083A1 (fr) * 2015-11-20 2017-05-26 Haffner Energy Dispositif d'echange d'enthalpie

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SE9502248L (sv) 1996-12-22
SE9502248D0 (sv) 1995-06-21

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