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WO1997041686A1 - Systeme de securite pour plate-forme mobile se deplaçant sur le sol - Google Patents

Systeme de securite pour plate-forme mobile se deplaçant sur le sol Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1997041686A1
WO1997041686A1 PCT/US1996/012920 US9612920W WO9741686A1 WO 1997041686 A1 WO1997041686 A1 WO 1997041686A1 US 9612920 W US9612920 W US 9612920W WO 9741686 A1 WO9741686 A1 WO 9741686A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
images
image
security system
mobile
ground
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1996/012920
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Kenneth R. Hackett
Kenneth G. Van Horn
William H. Wikman
Original Assignee
Tvx, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Tvx, Inc. filed Critical Tvx, Inc.
Priority to AU66931/96A priority Critical patent/AU6693196A/en
Publication of WO1997041686A1 publication Critical patent/WO1997041686A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
    • G08B13/18—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength
    • G08B13/189—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems
    • G08B13/194—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems using image scanning and comparing systems
    • G08B13/196—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems using image scanning and comparing systems using television cameras
    • G08B13/19665—Details related to the storage of video surveillance data
    • G08B13/19667—Details realated to data compression, encryption or encoding, e.g. resolution modes for reducing data volume to lower transmission bandwidth or memory requirements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
    • G08B13/18—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength
    • G08B13/189—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems
    • G08B13/194—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems using image scanning and comparing systems
    • G08B13/196—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems using image scanning and comparing systems using television cameras
    • G08B13/19639—Details of the system layout
    • G08B13/19645—Multiple cameras, each having view on one of a plurality of scenes, e.g. multiple cameras for multi-room surveillance or for tracking an object by view hand-over
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
    • G08B13/18—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength
    • G08B13/189—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems
    • G08B13/194—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems using image scanning and comparing systems
    • G08B13/196—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems using image scanning and comparing systems using television cameras
    • G08B13/19639—Details of the system layout
    • G08B13/19647—Systems specially adapted for intrusion detection in or around a vehicle
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
    • G08B13/18—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength
    • G08B13/189—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems
    • G08B13/194—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems using image scanning and comparing systems
    • G08B13/196—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems using image scanning and comparing systems using television cameras
    • G08B13/19654—Details concerning communication with a camera
    • G08B13/19658—Telephone systems used to communicate with a camera, e.g. PSTN, GSM, POTS
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
    • G08B13/18—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength
    • G08B13/189—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems
    • G08B13/194—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems using image scanning and comparing systems
    • G08B13/196—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems using image scanning and comparing systems using television cameras
    • G08B13/19665—Details related to the storage of video surveillance data
    • G08B13/19671—Addition of non-video data, i.e. metadata, to video stream
    • G08B13/19673—Addition of time stamp, i.e. time metadata, to video stream
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
    • G08B13/18—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength
    • G08B13/189—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems
    • G08B13/194—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems using image scanning and comparing systems
    • G08B13/196—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems using image scanning and comparing systems using television cameras
    • G08B13/19665—Details related to the storage of video surveillance data
    • G08B13/19676—Temporary storage, e.g. cyclic memory, buffer storage on pre-alarm
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
    • G08B13/18—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength
    • G08B13/189—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems
    • G08B13/194—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems using image scanning and comparing systems
    • G08B13/196—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems using image scanning and comparing systems using television cameras
    • G08B13/19695—Arrangements wherein non-video detectors start video recording or forwarding but do not generate an alarm themselves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B25/00—Alarm systems in which the location of the alarm condition is signalled to a central station, e.g. fire or police telegraphic systems
    • G08B25/01—Alarm systems in which the location of the alarm condition is signalled to a central station, e.g. fire or police telegraphic systems characterised by the transmission medium
    • G08B25/016—Personal emergency signalling and security systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N7/00—Television systems
    • H04N7/18—Closed-circuit television [CCTV] systems, i.e. systems in which the video signal is not broadcast
    • H04N7/181—Closed-circuit television [CCTV] systems, i.e. systems in which the video signal is not broadcast for receiving images from a plurality of remote sources

Definitions

  • This invention relates generally to the field of security systems for mobile platforms and, more particularly, to systems for capturing optical images on the mobile platform and within its ambient environment at predetermined intervals and/or in response to alarm or other input signals.
  • Security systems are widely used for monitoring fixed- sites such as, for example, buildings, commercial establishments or outdoor areas. These systems are configured in different ways, dependent upon the intended application, to fulfill the need for providing alarm indications.
  • one alarm indication may be provided as an audio signal emitted by a siren at the site.
  • the alarm indication may be responsive to a motion detector, a smoke detector or other similar such detectors which are well known in the art.
  • Another alarm indication may be provided to a central monitoring location via standard or dedicated telephone lines. From the central monitoring location, the proper authorities can be notified to respond to an immediate security threat at a particular site. This latter indication may be used in combination with the former, if so desired.
  • Some past fixed-site systems also employ one or more video cameras to send an analog video signal to the monitoring station.
  • personnel at the remote monitoring location can view the post-alarm state of the site whereby to determine if a response is warranted.
  • response to false alarms by the authorities can be minimized. While these prior art fixed- site monitoring systems are generally effective, it should be appreciated that the adaptability of these systems for use in monitoring mobile, ground-based platforms is limited, as will be described below.
  • a public transportation bus is subject to emergency situations including terrorism, hijacking and accidents.
  • the particular capability of fixed-site monitoring in which a remote monitoring station is immediately notified of a problem, is most appropriate.
  • this capability is not provided in most mobile, ground-based systems of the past.
  • a security system on a mobile platform such as the bus of the present example, is not able to rely on fixed telephone lines for the communication of an alarm indication or any form of post-alarm image to a monitoring location.
  • One proposed prior art system utilizes a video tape recording system on a school bus in an attempt to improve the behavior of the student passengers.
  • the system provides a camera positioned above the driver for providing an analog video signal to a video tape recorder.
  • a video history of the events occurring within the passenger compartment of the school bus is recorded on the tape.
  • Such a system within the context of the example of the public transportation bus above, may help to deter vandalism and, obviously, would provide a record of who was on the bus.
  • the system is subject to the limitations imposed by an analog video tape system. For example, storage on a video tape is limited. The tape must, therefore, be changed frequently. Additionally, video tape does not provide for random access to a specific image contained thereon. Locating a particular recorded event requires an arduous review of the contents of the tape using the valuable time of security personnel. Aside from the limitations imposed just by the video tape itself, the system makes no provision for alarm indications which address the other situations described above.
  • the present invention comprises features directed to the following objectives:
  • a mobile, ground-based security system that generally includes at least one imaging means attached to the platform for capturing images as electrical pixel signals, storage means for storing images captured by the camera, and means for transferring the images to at least one remote location for review.
  • a plurality of imaging means cameras are arranged to provide images of zones associated with the interior of the platform or with its exterior and current ambient environmental surroundings. Each camera converts optical images to electrical pixel, or digital, image signals and temporarily stores one or more images. The temporarily stored images are then transferred to the remote location in one or more predetermined ways.
  • the capture and storage of images in the form of electrical pixel data allows significant advantages in varied aspects of the present invention.
  • the storage media may comprise a hard drive which stores digital image data in a non-volatile manner.
  • Such storage accommodates random access to images as well as data transfer.
  • the image transfer means may transfer images to a remote location using wireless transmission. Such transmission accommodates real ⁇ time response to alarm signals.
  • images are transferred with a cellular telephone transceiver using a transmission scheme which verifies accurate receipt of the images at the remote location and automatically provides for retransmission/completion of data transfer in the event of an interruption (e.g., due to tunnel interference) .
  • the image transfer means includes removable storage media which may be physically removed from the mobile, ground-based platform and transported to a remote location. The images may then be viewed at the remote location in a random access manner.
  • viewing transferred images using a random access format allows an operator to perform searches based on parameters which are stored along with each image.
  • parameters include, but are not limited to, identification of the camera which captured the image, identification of the specific mobile platform from which the image was transferred, the date of capture and the time of capture.
  • images are captured responsive to one or more inputs and/or at predetermined intervals.
  • Image capture may be triggered by inputs such as a panic button and an impact sensor.
  • the system immediately captures alarm images and transfers these images to a remote location preferably using wireless transmission.
  • the system may also operate in an interval image record mode wherein images are captured and stored at predetermined intervals on storage media.
  • the system is configurable so as to bundle interval images with alarm-driven images so as to provide pre- and post- alarm views of the platform at a remote location following wireless transmission of the images thereto.
  • the interval images may be stored along with alarm images on removable storage media.
  • the system may be operated in a maintenance mode.
  • One feature of the maintenance mode permits removal of removable storage media from the mobile platform.
  • Another feature of the maintenance mode allows a notebook PC or other computer to be connected directly to the system at the mobile platform. The notebook PC then may access any images stored at the platform. It should be appreciated that the notebook PC is particularly useful in embodiments which do not include removable storage media or in embodiments wherein images may not be stored on the removable media but are available on other permanent media.
  • each imaging means digitizes and compresses the electrical pixel signals for an image before the image is transferred. Once the images are transferred to the remote location they are subsequently decompressed for display to an operator. In this manner, the number of electrical pixel signals for an image(s) is decreased and the corresponding time to transfer the image( ⁇ ) is thereby decreased.
  • each imaging means may further provide image data that includes compression identification information.
  • the monitoring station decompresses the image data responsive to the compression identification information.
  • the monitoring station includes a plurality of decompression algorithms with one of the decompression algorithms being selected for use in decompressing the image data by the associated compression identification information.
  • the compression identification information includes information that is used by the decompression algorithm to decompress the corresponding image data.
  • the compression identification information can include a compression table that is generated by a camera for image data having a selected image resolution. The compression table is transmitted along with the associated image data to the remote location for use in a decompression algorithm during decompression of the image data.
  • each imaging means provides a variable image resolution that is selectable. Selectable image resolution is provided by a camera selecting for transmission a subset of the locally stored image data for each image. Transmission of the highest image resolution corresponds to transmission of all image data while lower resolution images correspond to transmission of less than all of the image data (e.g., every second pixel) .
  • Fig. 1 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a security system for use in capturing optical images in areas associated with a mobile platform, such as a public transportation bus, and for transferring the images to a remote location in one of several different ways.
  • a mobile platform such as a public transportation bus
  • Fig. 2 is a block diagram illustrating the components which make up the system at the mobile platform and at the remote monitoring station.
  • Fig. 3A is a first portion of a flow chart describing and showing the system of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3B is a second portion of a flow chart describing and showing the system of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a diagrammatic plan view of a security system, generally indicated by reference numeral 50, constructed in accordance with the present invention.
  • System 50 monitors a mobile platform in the form of a public transportation bus 52.
  • Bus 52 includes a passenger entrance stairway 54, an operator station 56 for an operator 58 and a passenger seating area 60.
  • bus 52 is shown for illustrative purposes only and that the present invention may be configured for use in monitoring a wide variety of mobile platforms such as, for example, armored cars, transport trailers, cargo containers and private passenger vehicles.
  • system 50 includes three electronic cameras 61a, 61b and 61c positioned within respective housings 62a, 62b and 62c which are attached to the bus at predetermined locations so as to capture images of zones 63a, 63b and 63c (generally indicated by dashed lines) adjacent respective cameras. It is mentioned that the physical size of cameras 61 and their associated housings have been exaggerated for illustrative purposes. While only three zones are illustrated herein for purposes of simplicity, the system may be configured to monitor any number of zones associated with either the interior of a mobile platform and/or its exterior and current ambient environmental surroundings.
  • System 50 further includes a component enclosure 66, which is installed at a suitable location within the bus and a remote monitoring station 68 at a remote location 69.
  • component enclosure 66 is shown positioned directly adjacent operator station 56, however, a number of factors should be considered in determining an appropriate location for the component enclosure. For example, even in cases where the component enclosure is designed to be tamper resistant, access to the enclosure by unauthorized persons should be limited whenever possible.
  • enclosure 66 includes a door 70 with a lock 72 whereby to permit controlled access to the interior of enclosure 66 by authorized personnel only.
  • Enclosure 66 also supports a panic alarm button 73, which is positioned near floor level for actuation by the foot of bus operator 58 and is hidden from the view of passengers.
  • a network of data cables 74 interconnects cameras 61 with component enclosure 66.
  • the sizes of enclosure 66 and of cables 74 have been exaggerated for illustrative purposes. Moreover, these cables, as with all components located on the bus, should be arranged within the bus in a way which avoids unauthorized access thereto. Cable network 74 will be described in further detail at an appropriate point hereinafter.
  • a cellular transceiver antenna 75 is positioned at a hidden, inaccessible location, preferably on the roof of the bus. In the present example, antenna 75 is shown positioned on the front exterior of the bus. Furthermore, the antenna may be housed in a concealing, protective cover (not shown) which is transparent to cellular telephone transmissions.
  • a notebook computer 76 which may be a standard portable PC is selectively interfaceable with system 50 via a cable by maintenance personnel. Notebook computer 76 is not normally on board bus 52 and is typically used only in maintenance situations when the bus is out of service, as will be described below.
  • remote monitoring station Still referring to Figure 1, remote monitoring station
  • 68 includes a display monitor 77, a keyboard 78, a computer
  • Computer 80 may be a standard personal computer and includes a mass memory 88, I/O circuitry 90, a CPU 92, and a memory 94.
  • An image transfer/verification program 97 which is designed in accordance with the present invention, is stored in mass memory 88.
  • a removable hard drive bay 98 is accessible from the front of computer 80 and is configured to receive an appropriately configured removable hard drive.
  • the components which make up computer 80 are interconnected in a standard way, as is well known in the art, using data busses which are not shown for purposes of simplicity.
  • a monitoring station operator 99 is seated at monitoring station 68.
  • image transfer/verification program 97 will be described later in conjunction with a general discussion of the overall operational features of the present invention. It is to be understood that the configuration of remote monitoring station 68 can be modified in an unlimited number of ways within the scope of the invention and that this specific configuration is shown for illustrative purposes only.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates, in diagrammatic block diagram form, the internal components of enclosure 66 and the interconnections formed between the components which are located on bus 52.
  • Cameras 61 are configured for use with RS-485 data lines. Each camera 61 includes a corresponding image capture section 100a, b and c and a corresponding image processing/temporary storage section 101a, b and c. It should be appreciated that cameras 61 may be configured and interfaced with the system in a variety of ways in accordance with the present invention.
  • each image capture section 100a, b and c comprises a CMOS image detection integrated circuit (e.g., defining a 320 by 240 pixel array) ; and each image processing storage section 101a, b and c includes an analog to digital convertor and memory, as further described in U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 08/508,918, incorporated hereinabove by reference.
  • the image processing/temporary storage section 101 for each camera may be located at other points within the system with no discernible influence on the operation of the overall system.
  • the cameras are connected via image processing/temporary storage sections 101 to an RS-485 data line 102 forming part of cable network 74. Images are digitally captured by the cameras in the form of electrical pixel signals.
  • RS-485 data line 102 is, in turn, connected with a bi-directional RS-485 to RS-232 converter 103.
  • Converter 103 converts the standard full duplex RS-232 COM2 interface of a personal computer 104 to a half duplex RS-485 interface in order to enable bi-directional communication with the cameras.
  • each camera is assigned a unique address within a predetermined range of possible addresses. The camera address may be set by, for example, a set of DIP switches located in each camera. Any communications transmitted through the RS-485/RS-232 interface to or from a respective camera will contain that camera's unique address.
  • the cameras provide for a variable image resolution that is selectable by software commands from personal computer 104.
  • Image processor/temporary storage section 101 selects and transmits a subset of the array of image data for each image to provide the selected image resolution. For example, the image processor transmits a high, medium or low resolution image by selecting 320 by 240 pixels (all of the pixels) , 156 by 100 or 80 by 48 of the array of image data, respectively.
  • the image processing portion of section 101 compresses the image data before it is transmitted to personal computer 104.
  • the compressed image data is subsequently decompressed at the remote monitoring station for viewing.
  • One or more data compression/decompression algorithms can be included in the image processing portion and in computer 80 at remote monitoring station 68.
  • the compression algorithm used by the image processing portion of section 101 is selectable by a command from personal computer 104.
  • the image processing portion transmits compression identification information with the compressed image data that selects the decompression algorithm used by computer
  • the compression/decompression algorithm can include a differential pulse-code modulation (DPCM) standard algorithm.
  • DPCM differential pulse-code modulation
  • the image processing portion transmits substantially all of the image data in the first image transmitted and, thereafter, transmits only the image data that changes in subsequent images.
  • the compression/decompression algorithm can be a discrete cosine transformation (DCT) compression algorithm with run length encoding (RLE) data reduction or a Huffman algorithm such as used in the Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) standard.
  • DCT discrete cosine transformation
  • RLE run length encoding
  • JPEG Joint Photographic Experts Group
  • the data compression/decompression algorithms are adapted to support the variable image resolutions as provided by the image processing portion of sections 101.
  • the image processing portion transmits compression identification information that includes information developed by the compression algorithm for image data having a selected image resolution. The compression identification information is used by the decompression algorithm in computer 80 to decompress the transmitted image data.
  • a main hard drive 106 and a removable hard drive 108 are interfaced with personal computer 104.
  • Removable hard drive 108 is positioned within enclosure 66 ( Figure 1) so as to facilitate its removal through door 70.
  • Main hard drive 106 stores a basic operating system 110, a software control program 112 for controlling the overall operation of system 50 and a group of images 114 initially captured by cameras 61 and, thereafter, transferred to main hard drive 106 in a way which will be described at an appropriate point hereinafter. Images in group 114 are stored including the time and date of capture along with identification of bus 52 and the particular camera which captured the image. Specific details regarding the configuration of software control program 112 will also be described below in conjunction with an overall discussion of system operation. Initially, however, system operations will be described in general terms to facilitate a basic understanding by the reader.
  • Image group 114 stored in main hard drive 106, is selectively transferable to removable hard drive 108 via personal computer 104 upon receipt of a control signal from interface module 120 via LPT1, whereby to make-up a group of transferred image data 116 on the removable hard drive.
  • the total number of images storable by each of the main and removable hard drives is determined by a number of factors such as, for example, the number of pixels stored per image and the physical storage size in megabytes of the respective drives.
  • a 120 megabyte hard drive is capable of storing approximately 8000 images. The significance of these figures will become apparent in the discussion below covering the operation of the system.
  • Various sizes of hard drives may be utilized in implementing the system based upon specific operational parameters, as determined for a particular system.
  • main hard drive 106 is capable of storing more images than removable hard drive 108. Therefore, when each of the drives has been filled to capacity with images, the main hard drive will typically contain images which are not present on the removable hard drive. Access to images recorded in either of the main or removable hard drives may be had by utilizing notebook PC 76 in a maintenance mode, as will be described hereinafter.
  • An interface module 120 handles inputs and provides outputs for controlling the system. Interface module 120 is connected to printer port LPTl of personal computer 104 by a data cable 121 which is configured for selective removal from personal computer 104 whereby port LPTl is made available for alternative connection with notebook PC 76.
  • a first power supply line 122 provides an unswitched +24 volts DC from the electrical system of the bus to the interface module.
  • the unswitched +24 volts is also used to power a power supply 124 which charges a 12 volt battery 126 and also provides +12 volts DC to the interface module itself.
  • operational power for the system is derived from power supply 124.
  • Battery 126 provides backup power for system 50 in the event of failure of the electrical system of bus 52.
  • Interface module 120 also receives switched +24 volts DC via a second power supply line 128. The presence of +24 volts on the switched +24 volt line provides an indication to the interface module that the bus is in an operational mode and, therefore, system 50 should be actively monitoring the bus.
  • Switched +24 volts may be provided via a switch (not shown) dedicated to that purpose and which must be actuated by the operator of the bus or, preferably, by an overall ignition switch 130 which is used to start the bus and which remains closed during operation of the bus.
  • a modem 132 is interfaced with serial port C0M1 of personal computer 104 via an RS-232 data line 134.
  • a modem interface 136 is connected to modem 132 via a telephone type line 138.
  • Modem interface 136 provides the modem with 48 volts dc and with a dial tone signal in a manner which is well known in the art.
  • a ring detector signal line 140 couples the modem interface with a ring detector 142 which forms part of interface module 120.
  • a cellular telephone transceiver 144 is connected with modem interface 136 and is, in turn, coupled to previously described cellular antenna 75.
  • Ring detector 142 is configured to respond to the ring generated by transceiver 144 as coupled to the ring detector by the modem interface. Thereafter, the ring detector outputs a signal to personal computer 104 indicating that a ring has been detected.
  • Personal computer 104 responds by placing a force alarm images signal on an image trigger line 145 via interface module 104 to cameras 61.
  • the force alarm images signal also comprises a hardware interrupt which is immediately serviced by the system in a predetermined way, as will be described, while the cameras cease any current tasks and immediately begin capturing alarm images. It should be appreciated that the system is configured to respond rapidly to the force alarm signal so that alarm images responsive thereto are captured as soon as possible following the occurrence of the alarm.
  • alarm images is used with reference to images forced via this hardware interrupt mechanism, this term is intended to encompass any images that are selectively captured responsive to inputs produced by, for example, sensors, switches, ring detector 142 or by an unlimited variety of other inputs providable by one of ordinary skill in the art.
  • the system is adaptable to virtually any mobile, ground-based platform application. Other inputs utilized in the embodiment of the present example will be described immediately below.
  • a force alarm images signal is produced responsive to the previously described panic button 73 which is, like the other inputs, coupled to the interface module. Still another force alarm images signal is produced responsive to an impact sensor 146.
  • Impact sensor 146 is of the type which is well known in the art and provides a signal should the bus be involved in, for example, a collision with another vehicle or with a stationary object such as a telephone pole, either of which produces predetermined levels of deceleration.
  • An input is also provided by a maintenance button 148. Actuation of maintenance button 148 does not cause the system to capture alarm images, but, rather, causes the system to enter the previously mentioned maintenance mode. Both the maintenance button and the impact sensor may be positioned within component enclosure 66 or at other suitable locations on the bus.
  • shock mount component enclosure 66 so as to isolate components therein from jarring during movement of the bus.
  • impact sensor 146 should not be located within the component enclosure, but rather mounted to the frame or other such structural member of the bus whereby to be exposed to impacts sustained by the bus.
  • the system of the present invention may be used in conjunction with existing systems which themselves produce input signals.
  • one known system employs a panic button which is actuated by a vehicle operator. Responsive to actuation, this prior art system transmits an alarm signal to a remote location including the coordinates of the vehicle as determined using an onboard GPS receiver.
  • the system of the present invention may readily employ such an existing panic button.
  • alarm images are captured responsive to a particular input signal, these images are transferred to main hard drive 106 and then automatically transmitted by the system in a highly advantageous way to remote monitoring station 68 using cellular transceiver 144. At the remote station, the transmitted alarm images are then made available for viewing.
  • System 50 normally operates in an interval image record mode in the absence of inputs such as those described above. It is noted, however, that the occurrence of any of these inputs will interrupt the interval image record mode and, thereafter, service the interrupt by capturing and transmitting alarm images to the remote location or by entering the maintenance mode.
  • software control program 112 periodically produces software commands selectively addressing and instructing each camera 61 to capture images in digital electrical pixel signal form. All of the cameras may be instructed to capture one or more images or, in a particular application, only certain cameras may be instructed to capture one or more images, as specified by software commands. Henceforth, images captured in the interval image record mode will generally be referred to as interval images for purposes of clarity.
  • the interval images are stored within temporary storage sections 101 at each respective camera.
  • Interval images are downloaded from the temporary storage sections through RS-485 bus 102 and converter 103 to personal computer 104.
  • the latter then stores the images in digital form in image group 114 on main hard drive 106 including with each image the time of storage, date and identification of the camera which captured the interval image.
  • the specific interval at which interval images are captured and the number of images captured per camera are both presetable. For example, the interval may range from 2 minutes to 10 minutes and the number of captured images per camera may be set from 0 to 5, as desired. It should be noted that setting a camera to capture no images effectively disables that camera.
  • main hard drive 106 will be capable of storing a predetermined number of captured images. In the event that the main hard drive becomes full, new images are written over the oldest images which are present.
  • System 50 is configured to respond in this situation, as described above, by transferring images 114, which may include both alarm and interval images, from main hard drive 106 to removable hard drive 108 whereby to comprise transferred image group 116. This configuration is advantageous in that images are transferred to the removable hard drive when the bus is stationary.
  • the removable hard drive may be allowed to remain on the bus for a period of time, continuing to accumulate interval and alarm images from day to day until such time that it has nearly reached its storage capacity. At this point, the removable hard drive should be removed.
  • the removable hard drive After the removable hard drive is removed from enclosure 66 via door 70, it is taken to monitoring station 68 or a similar such station. If a review of the images on the transported removable hard drive is necessary, the removable hard drive may be placed in removable hard drive bay 98 within computer 80. Image transfer/verification program 97 then provides monitoring station operator 99 with complete and random access to transferred images 116 stored by the removable hard drive. Hence, if it is suspected that, for example, an act of vandalism is evidenced by a captured image and if that act is suspected to have occurred at a particular time, station operator 99 can immediately begin reviewing an image captured at that time. Operator 99 can move about at will among the captured images.
  • This feature advantageously avoids the time consuming task of reviewing a large amount of serially recorded analog video information such as would be recorded on a video tape. Additionally, images recorded during normal interval image capture mode are easily correlated with alarm related images. If immediate review of the images present on a particular removable hard drive is not required, the drive can be archived for later reference.
  • Start step 200 During startup, various system initiation procedures are performed such as, for example, setting global variables and loading interrupt routines. Such procedures are well known to those in possession of ordinary skill in the art and, therefore, will not be discussed in further detail. Additionally, LPTl is read and stored as an "LPTl normal data value" for use in comparison with subsequent values which are read at predetermined times from LPTl during the operation of the system.
  • LPTl is read and stored as an "LPTl normal data value" for use in comparison with subsequent values which are read at predetermined times from LPTl during the operation of the system.
  • an initial roster of operational cameras is built by interrogating the previously described possible range of camera addresses via COM2 of personal computer 104.
  • Step 204 the main program loop i ⁇ entered.
  • Step 206 follows immediately in which a camera roll call is performed.
  • Step 208 then check ⁇ the roll call whereby to determine if any cameras are missing. If a particular camera does not respond to the polling inquiry, it is removed from the active roster in step 210 and an error flag is set indicating that the camera is missing from the active roster.
  • the interval image record mode is entered at step 212 without changing the current camera roster.
  • an interval image timer is monitored. Typically, this timer is implemented in software in a manner which is well known in the art and may form part of software control program 112. If the interval image timer is running, the system proceeds to step 214 which will be described below. However, if the timer has timed out, the system goes to step 216. At this latter step, command packets including the address of each respective camera are sent out via COM2 of personal computer 104 whereby to cause a software initiated forced capture of one or more interval images by each camera. Thereafter, the interval image timer is reset and step 217 becomes operative. During step 217, the captured interval images are compressed by image processing/temporary storage sections 101 of the cameras and temporarily stored, as described previously.
  • the interval images captured responsive to software control are downloaded onto main hard drive 106 from image capture section 100 of each camera.
  • the system remains apprised of camera status by looping through steps 220, 222 and then back to step 218. If no input originated interrupts occur, this loop simply executes until such time that all of the interval images are transferred to main hard drive 106.
  • the cameras receive a force alarm images signal on image trigger line, the cameras are configured so a ⁇ to immediately abort the transfer of interval images to the main hard drive.
  • Affected cameras then send an abort code to COM2 of personal computer 104 via RS-485/RS-232 converter 103 whereby to indicate that the interval image transfer has been terminated.
  • Step 220 monitors for this code and, responsive thereto, routes system operation to step 214.
  • Personal computer 104 may perform other operations once an abort code has received such as, for example, deleting any aborted, incomplete interval images from hard drive 106.
  • the system reads the current state of parallel port LPTl of personal computer 104 and compares the current value with the LPTl normal value which was read at startup time. If the two values do not differ or, in other words, the current value remains normal, the system enters step 224 in which the camera error flags set in step 210 are checked. If the camera error flags are not set, the system returns to the main program loop at step 204. If, on the other hand, an error flag is set, step 226 is entered and each camera is tested for which an error flag is set. No response from the missing camera returns operation to the main program loop, leaving the current camera roster unchanged. If the mis ⁇ ing camera or cameras respond, the current camera roster is updated by adding the found camera( ⁇ ) back to the roster.
  • the use of the camera roster is advantageous in at lea ⁇ t one aspect in that the system avoids sending a command to a non ⁇ functional camera which can potentially lock up the system in an infinite loop. In this way, the susceptibility of system operation to problems such as, for example, a cable or camera damaged by vandalism is significantly reduced.
  • system 50 processes inputs by comparing a current value of the state of LPTl of personal computer 104 with the normal value determined at startup time. If the values are different, that is, the status of LPTl is not normal, an input has occurred and operation proceeds to debounce step 232.
  • debounce step 232 introduces a delay which allows any actuated switch or sensor being used as an input to settle to its closed position after being actuated.
  • step 234 monitors maintenance button 148. If the maintenance button is read as actuated following the debounce delay, the system moves to step 236.
  • Steps 236, 238, 240 and 242 comprise the previously mentioned maintenance mode in which notebook PC 76 may be used or, alternatively, the removable hard drive may be removed from component enclosure 66 for transport to the remote location. Connection of the notebook PC is accomplished by simply unplugging cable 121 from LPTl and connecting the cable from the notebook PC to LPTl.
  • step 236 a determination is made as to whether removable hard drive 108 is full. If the removable hard drive is full, step 238 creates space on the drive by erasing a predetermined number of the oldest available image files stored on the drive whereby to facilitate subsequent operations.
  • Step 240 disables the lock on the drive such that it can be removed from component enclosure 66, if so desired, for transport to the remote location.
  • mapping software is launched which provides access to data stored in system 50 onboard bus 52 through the use of notebook PC 76. Since such mapping software is well known in the art and, for example, is included with version 6.0 of MS DOS by Microsoft ® , a detailed discussion of its operation will not be provided herein.
  • the mapping software maps personal computer 104, along with all other storage devices coupled thereto, as a hard drive whereby to provide access to all of the data stored in either the removable or main hard drives from notebook PC 76. This functionality is advantageous in cases where the capacity of the drives differs. For example, a particular image may be stored on main hard drive 106 but not on removable hard drive 108. By accessing the system using notebook PC 76, this particular image or, for that matter, any group of images may be randomly accessed and retrieved from the main hard drive. Following completion of tasks performed in the maintenance mode the system shuts down at step 244.
  • Step 246 monitors impact sensor 146. If the impact sensor produces a signal responsive to, for example, a collision with another vehicle, step 248 is entered.
  • One or more alarm images are then captured by the image capture section 100 of each camera.
  • image processing/temporary image storage section 101 of the respective cameras compresses the image, as described previously and then temporarily stores the image in compressed form.
  • the compressed alarm images are transferred by personal computer 104 via RS-485/RS-232 converter 103 to main hard drive 106 for storage therein as an alarm image group 150 including the date and time at which the image was captured along with identification of the camera.
  • the system may also be configured to bundle one or more pre-alarm images, if available, from image group 114 into alarm image group 150.
  • Pre-alarm images are easily identifiable using the date and time information which is stored as part of each image.
  • the system advantageously provides the capability of viewing the pre-alarm conditions of the monitored zones along with views captured at the time of the alarm. This latter capability is highly advantageous in instances such as accidents.
  • a pre-alarm image captured by forward looking camera 61a may serve to establish that the operator of bus 52 was not at fault in a particular accident.
  • step 250 personal computer 104 processes the alarm image data group 150 for wireless transmission using a special packet protocol.
  • the latter breaks each image down into a series of data packets each of which includes a packet series number and an identification number unique to bus 52 bus or any other such mobile platform from which the images are being transmitted.
  • Each packet also includes a check sum for insuring the integrity of the packet itself.
  • step 254 checks the integrity of the transferred alarm images at remote monitoring station 68 to verify whether the packets and, therefore, the images have been completely and accurately transmitted. Integrity of each packet is verified using the check sum contained therein while overall image integrity is verified using the aforementioned packet series number and the bus identification number contained by each packet. As the integrity of the transmitted images is confirmed, the system simply proceeds with the transmission of image data.
  • step 256 interrupting image transfer with a request for re-transmission of a particular packet or image.
  • the transmission/verification process continues until such time that all the packets are accurately and completely received at monitoring station 68.
  • step 258 makes the images available for viewing on display 77 and, normally, also generates an alert such as, for example, an audio tone so that monitoring station personnel are aware that alarm images are available for viewing. The alarm images are then viewed and an appropriate response is formulated by monitoring station personnel.
  • the image transmission configuration of the system of the present invention is highly advantageous for a particular reason. That is, since a mobile platform is prone to enter areas such as, for example, tunnels in which communication via cellular transceiver 144 is not possible, the system is configured to simply reestablish communication and resume transmission where integrity was last verified. Furthermore, if the cellular signal i ⁇ too weak for reliable communication, the system is configured to stop transmitting, reestablish communication once the signal strength has improved and, then, resume transmission of image data. Still referring to Figures 1, 2, 3A and 3B, system operation details with regard to the remaining input signals which interface module 120 receives will now be described. Panic alarm button 73 is monitored at step 260.
  • a panic alarm i ⁇ initiated by the operator of the bus, the system moves to previously described step 248. Operation, resulting in the transfer of alarm image group 150 then proceeds per the previously described step ⁇ which are subsequent to step 248.
  • the operator of bus 52 is able to advantageously notify monitoring station 68, in a way which is covert and silent, of a situation which demands immediate attention such as, for example, an unruly passenger or that the bus is being hijacked.
  • ring detector 142 is monitored by step 262. Responsive to monitoring station operator 96 dialing the cellular telephone number assigned to transceiver 144 on bus 52 and then hanging up after ringing one or more times, ring detector 142 will detect the standard cellular telephone ring signal generated by the transceiver. Upon detection by ring detector 142, system operation moves to step 248 and proceeds therefrom by transferring images to monitoring station 68 per the subsequent steps. This latter feature is highly advantageous in providing the capability at monitoring station 68 to remotely obtain real-time visual information as to the state of bus 52 at any desired time. It should be appreciated that any number of aspects of operation of the bus of the present example or any other mobile platform may be confirmed using this feature.
  • Images provided to the remote location can be used to determine specifically which emergency services should respond. For example, if a pas ⁇ enger i ⁇ having a heart attack while lying in the ai ⁇ le of the bus as the panic alarm button is depressed, the images presented at the remote monitoring location would dictate the immediate need for an ambulance. Monitoring may then continue from the remote location by simply dialing cellular transceiver 144 and then hanging up whereby still further images will be transmitted. It should be appreciated that invaluable information can be provided by the system of the present invention in an unlimited number of situations. Additionally, the configuration of the system is easily modified to accommodate virtually any type of input signal for triggering alarm image transmission.
  • step 264 +24 VDC switched line 128 is monitored for voltage. If voltage is present on line 128, step 266 returns the system to its main loop at step 204. However, in the absence of voltage on line 128, which is typically due to the bus being turned off, step 268 activates a shutdown timer by setting it to a predetermined interval.
  • the predetermined interval may be set to virtually any desired time. It is also noted that the battery of the bus should be capable of satisfying power requirements of the system for the desired interval. Typically, the interval to which the shut down timer is set will be one hour. However, other intervals may be found to be useful dependent upon a particular application.
  • step 270 following shutdown timer activation, image data group 114 (which may consist of alarm as well as interval images) present on main hard drive 106 is transferred to removable hard drive 108 whereby to comprise transferred image data group 116.
  • Step 272 continues monitoring the voltage on switched +24 VDC line 128. If voltage is present on the line, system operation moves, via step 266, back to normal operation at step 204. On the other hand, if voltage is absent on line 128, step 274 is entered and monitors the previously mentioned shutdown timer which may be implemented, for example, in a well known way within software control program 112. If the shutdown timer times out after the predetermined interval to which it is set, the system shuts down at step 276.
  • step 278 and 280 in which the panic button and the impact sensor are monitored, respectively. If either of these inputs is actuated, operation immediately proceeds to step 248 and its subsequent steps, ultimately resulting in the transmission of alarm images.
  • This feature is advantageous in that the panic alarm is available to the bus operator even if the bus is turned off, for example, due to engine failure. Continued monitoring of the impact sensor is useful, for example, if the bus is hit by another vehicle while parked and the incident goes unobserved by the operator. It is also mentioned that the system loops through step 270, in which image transfer from the main hard drive to the removable hard drive is accomplished.
  • step 270 may be replaced by a decision step (not shown) which checks to see whether image transfer i ⁇ complete prior to shut down. This feature is useful in cases where it may be de ⁇ ired to set the shutdown timer to intervals which are significantly shorter than one hour. Additionally, the system is configured such that, if the bus is restarted prior to shutdown of the system, image transfer to the removable hard drive ceases. Upon reactivation of the shutdown timer, image transfer resumes at the point where it left off when the bus was restarted. This feature is readily provided, for example, by using the archive attribute provided for files in MS DOS. Since each image is typically stored as a file, the system may set the archive bit for each file as it is transferred.
  • notebook PC 76 when running in the maintenance mode, may identify files which are only resident on the main hard drive by checking for archive bits which are not set. Furthermore, once the removable hard drive is full, the oldest images present thereon are overwritten with new image ⁇ , as previou ⁇ ly de ⁇ cribed. In such cases, when a file is overwritten, the system removes the archive bit from the parent file resident on the main hard drive.
  • the system of the present invention may be adapted for use with existing systems.
  • the features of the present invention are highly advantageous.
  • one previously described prior art system employs an onboard GPS receiver.
  • the GPS coordinates of a bus or other such vehicle are transmitted to a central station by this prior art system.
  • this prior art system is tested for proper operation by requiring the operator to actuate the panic alarm upon placing the bus into service.
  • the system of the present invention may be configured to ignore the first alarm signal following startup of the system whereby to avoid the unnecessary transmission of alarm images respon ⁇ ive to the test.
  • the shutdown timer feature is instrumental in avoiding such a situation. With the shutdown timer interval properly set, the system of the present invention will only startup upon initial placement of the bus or other such mobile platform into service. Therefore, only one panic alarm i ⁇ ignored from ⁇ tartup until shutdown, regardles ⁇ of the number of time ⁇ the bu ⁇ is turned off, provided only that the shutdown timer interval is not exceeded.
  • a system for monitoring a mobile, ground-based platform may be embodied in many other specific forms and modified in an unlimited number of ways without departing from the ⁇ pirit or scope of the present invention.
  • the transfer of captured images from cameras 61 to main hard drive 106 and to removable hard drive 108 may be performed in many other ways.
  • images are transferred to the removable hard drive from the main hard drive only when the bu ⁇ is stationary.
  • it may be preferable to transfer images directly to a removable media from the cameras without intermediate storage in a main hard drive.
  • many other forms of storage media may be found to be useful with the present invention including, for example, properly configured RAM modules.
  • Such media may, for example, be immune to jarring caused by movement of the mobile platform while it is in operation.
  • images may be stored in RAM without the need for a hard drive or such similar media. Therefore, the present examples are to be considered as illustrative and not restrictive, and the invention is not to be limited to the details given herein, but may be modified within the scope of the appended claims.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Library & Information Science (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Closed-Circuit Television Systems (AREA)
  • Alarm Systems (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un système de sécurité (50) permettant de surveiller une plate-forme (52) mobile se déplaçant sur le sol par acquisition d'images sous la forme de signaux de pixels électriques. Dans un mode de réalisation (50), le système comprend une pluralité d'appareils de prise de vue (61) fixés à la plate-forme (52) et disposés de façon à prendre des images de zones (63) associées avec l'intérieur de la plate-forme (52) ou avec l'extérieur de celle-ci et les éléments constituant son environnement du moment. Un support de stockage (101) est placé sur la plate-forme et sert à stocker des images prises sous la forme de signaux électriques par les appareils de prise de vue (61). Le système (50) est configuré de façon à transférer des images au support de stockage (101) et à au moins un emplacement éloigné (69), les images pouvant être visionnées à cet emplacement éloigné (69). Le système (50) peut avoir recours, de façon avantageuse, à une transmission sans fil pour transférer les images audit emplacement éloigné (69). Les images peuvent être prises en réponse à l'entrée d'une commande, laquelle peut se faire au moyen d'un bouton d'alarme (73).
PCT/US1996/012920 1996-05-01 1996-08-06 Systeme de securite pour plate-forme mobile se deplaçant sur le sol WO1997041686A1 (fr)

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AU66931/96A AU6693196A (en) 1996-05-01 1996-08-06 Mobile, ground-based platform security system

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US64148996A 1996-05-01 1996-05-01

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PCT/US1996/015555 WO1997041692A1 (fr) 1996-05-01 1996-09-26 Systeme ameliore pour sites de securite

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WO2000011872A1 (fr) * 1998-08-21 2000-03-02 Lothar Strolo Procede de transmission pour les teleconferences, de surveillance de batiments, d'installations et analogues, et moyens auxiliaires pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procede
EP0964377A3 (fr) * 1998-06-11 2000-06-28 Franz Altenhofer Dispositif pour régistrer une situation de danger dans laquelle se trouve une personne
WO2000043768A1 (fr) * 1999-01-20 2000-07-27 Pure Technologies Ltd. Surveillance de structures
WO2000068908A1 (fr) * 1999-05-07 2000-11-16 Safety Adherence Technology (Pty) Ltd Systeme de surveillance
EP1039428A3 (fr) * 1999-03-22 2001-04-04 Beghelli S.p.A. Unité d'appel d'urgence pour le montage dans des espaces publics
WO2001031925A1 (fr) * 1999-10-29 2001-05-03 Nokia Corporation Procede et systeme de surveillance par video
EP1046099A4 (fr) * 1998-11-06 2001-06-06 Phoenix Group Inc Systeme de donnees relatif a un accident de voiture
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EP0964377A3 (fr) * 1998-06-11 2000-06-28 Franz Altenhofer Dispositif pour régistrer une situation de danger dans laquelle se trouve une personne
WO2000002391A1 (fr) * 1998-07-03 2000-01-13 Ratp - Regie Autonome Des Transports Parisiens Systeme de surveillance et d'information d'unites de transport en commun
FR2780832A1 (fr) * 1998-07-03 2000-01-07 Regie Autonome Transports Systeme de surveillance et d'information d'unites de transport en commun
WO2000011872A1 (fr) * 1998-08-21 2000-03-02 Lothar Strolo Procede de transmission pour les teleconferences, de surveillance de batiments, d'installations et analogues, et moyens auxiliaires pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procede
EP1046099A4 (fr) * 1998-11-06 2001-06-06 Phoenix Group Inc Systeme de donnees relatif a un accident de voiture
WO2000043768A1 (fr) * 1999-01-20 2000-07-27 Pure Technologies Ltd. Surveillance de structures
EP1039428A3 (fr) * 1999-03-22 2001-04-04 Beghelli S.p.A. Unité d'appel d'urgence pour le montage dans des espaces publics
WO2000068908A1 (fr) * 1999-05-07 2000-11-16 Safety Adherence Technology (Pty) Ltd Systeme de surveillance
EP1081952A3 (fr) * 1999-08-30 2001-09-12 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Dispositif de surveillance vidéo
WO2001031925A1 (fr) * 1999-10-29 2001-05-03 Nokia Corporation Procede et systeme de surveillance par video
EP1482741A3 (fr) * 1999-10-29 2008-12-17 Nokia Corporation Méthode et système de surveillance vidéo
GB2365186B (en) * 2000-07-19 2005-04-20 Bounthavy Luangkhoth The mobile telephone alarm security systems
US6748223B2 (en) 2001-03-23 2004-06-08 Nokia Corporation Apparatus, and associated method, for providing a digital image generated at a mobile station to an assistance center
US7433672B2 (en) 2004-06-29 2008-10-07 Nokia Corporation Apparatus and system for emergency recording and notification and associated method
CN103770710A (zh) * 2014-02-14 2014-05-07 上海旭纳实业有限公司 一种车载全方位监控装置及监控方法
CN109218682A (zh) * 2018-11-01 2019-01-15 爱驰汽车有限公司 停放车辆碰撞后视频通讯的方法、系统、设备及存储介质

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AU6693196A (en) 1997-11-19
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