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WO1996034511A1 - Cable avec tetine et indicateur - Google Patents

Cable avec tetine et indicateur Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1996034511A1
WO1996034511A1 PCT/CA1996/000258 CA9600258W WO9634511A1 WO 1996034511 A1 WO1996034511 A1 WO 1996034511A1 CA 9600258 W CA9600258 W CA 9600258W WO 9634511 A1 WO9634511 A1 WO 9634511A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cable according
boot
heating cable
indicator
cable
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CA1996/000258
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Lorne Heise
Original Assignee
Heat-Line Corporation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from GBGB9508262.4A external-priority patent/GB9508262D0/en
Priority claimed from GBGB9526412.3A external-priority patent/GB9526412D0/en
Application filed by Heat-Line Corporation filed Critical Heat-Line Corporation
Priority to AU53301/96A priority Critical patent/AU5330196A/en
Publication of WO1996034511A1 publication Critical patent/WO1996034511A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/40—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes
    • H05B3/54—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes flexible
    • H05B3/56—Heating cables
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L53/00—Heating of pipes or pipe systems; Cooling of pipes or pipe systems
    • F16L53/30—Heating of pipes or pipe systems
    • F16L53/35—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • F16L53/38—Ohmic-resistance heating using elongate electric heating elements, e.g. wires or ribbons
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02G—INSTALLATION OF ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES, OR OF COMBINED OPTICAL AND ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES
    • H02G15/00—Cable fittings
    • H02G15/02—Cable terminations
    • H02G15/04—Cable-end sealings
    • H02G15/043—Cable-end sealings with end caps, e.g. sleeve closed at one end
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/32—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form with arrangements for indicating defects, e.g. breaks or leaks
    • H01B7/322—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form with arrangements for indicating defects, e.g. breaks or leaks comprising humidity sensing means

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to electrical cables for use in damp or wet environments. Electrical cables are used in a variety of applications in which they may be in contact with water. One such application is a heater cable which is used to inhibit freezing or maintaining a temperature in fluid supply lines.
  • the freezing of fluid in a supply line is a constant problem, particularly in areas of harsh climatic conditions.
  • a supply line such as a water supply line
  • To inhibit freezing it is usual to bury the line below the expected frost line where possible.
  • particularly harsh or prolonged low temperatures may still cause the temperature of fluid in the line to drop below the freezing point.
  • a heating cable having an elongate self-regulating heating element, one end of which is sealed and the opposite end of which is adapted for connection to a power source.
  • a boot extends over the one end to overlap the sheath between said one location and said one end. The boot is secured to the element in the overlap.
  • a flexible protective sheath extends over and along the element from the one end toward said other and is secured to the element at spaced locations, one of which is adjacent the one end.
  • the sheath is metallic and may be braided to provide the requisite flexibility.
  • a stainless steel braid is preferred.
  • the boot is preferably a synthetic plastic.
  • a gel is preferably inserted in the boot to provide a continuous heat transmission path.
  • a cable having a translucent cover encompassing at least one conductor.
  • An indicating layer is located between the cover and the conductor to provide a visible indication of an adverse physical condition with the cover.
  • the conductor could be an electrical conductor or several such conductors or could be an optic fibre bundle.
  • the indicating layer may be sensitive to a number of different physical conditions, such as ingress or water or localized overheating. Where the indicating layer is intended to detect ingress of water, the water-sensitive layer could be a silicate, an encapsulated dye or anhydrous copper sulphate or any other suitable chemical that can be located within a cable to provide a visible indication.
  • the layer could be provided by impregnation of a paper web with a suitable chemical or could be impregnated into a helically-wound textile wrap applied to the conductors prior to encapsulation in the sheath. Alternatively, a powder dusting could be applied prior to encapsulation in the outer cover.
  • Figure 1 is a side view of a heater cable
  • Figure 2 is a longitudinal section of the cable shown in Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a transverse section on the line 3-3 of Figure 2;
  • Figure 4 is a perspective view of a portion of a cable with portions thereof removed for clarity;
  • Figure 5 is a view on the line 5-5 of Figure 4;
  • Figure 6 is a side view of an alternative embodiment of cable
  • Figure 7 is a section through a splice at VII- VII in Figure 1; and Figure 8 is a detail view of a portion of
  • a heating cable generally indicated at 10 is located within and extends along a water supply line 12.
  • the supply line 12 is provided with a T-fitting 14 through which the cable 10 is inserted and sealed by means of a gland 16.
  • the pipe 12 would typically be made of lengths of copper pipe interconnected by unions indicated at 18. The pipe 12 will extend from a main supply line into a house and more typically will be buried below the anticipated frost line where possible.
  • the heater cable 10 includes an elongate heating element 20 of a self-regulating type such as that available from RAYCHEM under the trade name BTV Series or from Furon Dekoron under the trade name 2700 Series.
  • the heating element 20 includes a pair of electrical conductors 22 which are interconnected by a conductive polymer core 44 ( Figure 4) to provide resistive heating The heating effect is proportional to the difference between the ambient temperature and a set temperature so that the heating effect is self-regulating.
  • Conductors 22 of the heating element 20 are connected at one end of the element 20 through a splice 23 to an electrical power cable 24 for connection to an electrical power supply through plug 25.
  • the opposite end 26 of the element 20 is sealed and, to protect the seal, covered by an elastomeric boot 28.
  • the boot 28 is formed from a semi-rigid elastomer such as SANDOPRENE and is filled with a gel 29 which has dielectric or insulating properties such as a silicone gel.
  • the gel 29 also provides lubrication for the boot as it is inserted over the end of the cable and also serves to fill any voids between the cable and the boot to provide a continuous transmission medium.
  • the boot 28 may be formed from other materials, such as fluoropolymers or thermoplastic elastomers. In general the material will be chosen to suit the environment in which the cable is used, such as temperature or the chemical in which it will sit or be in contact with.
  • One particularly beneficial material for the boot 28 is VITON which is suitable for use in the hydrocarbon industry. Where the cable 10 is used with potable water, non-toxic thermoplastic elastomers may be used for the boot 28.
  • a metallic sheath 30 extends over the element from adjacent the end 26 toward the T-coupling 14.
  • the metallic sheath 30 is preferably a braided stainless steel sheath having the requisite flexibility to allow installation of the cable and conformation with the pipe 12.
  • the sheath 30 extends toward the end 26 but terminates prior to the end.
  • the boot 28 overlaps the sheath 30 and a mechanical clamp 32 extends around the boot 28 to secure it to the element 20.
  • the clamp 32 is a continuous metal annulus which is swaged into position. The diameter of the annulus is sufficiently large initially to be passed over the boot and its diameter may then be reduced by swaging so that the inner surface of the clamp 32 engages the boot 28 and secures it to the element 20.
  • the stainless steel sheath 30 is mechanically trapped between the boot and the element 20 so as to be retained.
  • the swaging is performed by a swaging tool which displaces material in the clamp 32 so that as it reduces the external diameter, the thickness of the annulus increases and applies a uniform pressure on the boot 28.
  • the mechanical connection of the boot to the cable provides a positive retention of the boot even where the surface of the cable and/or boot is formed from materials that are difficult to bond, such as Teflon.
  • the metallic sheath 30 is itself secured directly to the element 20 by means of a similar clamping ring 34 located adjacent to the boot 28.
  • the clamping ring 34 also has an internal surface which engages directly with the braid to force it into contact with the element 20.
  • a similar clamping ring 36 is located at the opposite end of the sheath 30 adjacent the T-fitting and the clamps 34,36 inhibit recoil of the sheath so that the cable may be readily manipulated into the line 12.
  • the pair of electrical conductors 22 are encased in resistance grid 44 which has laterally extending resistance elements 46.
  • the form of the grid 44 is well known and is utilized in heating cables available under the trade name RAYCHEM.
  • the grid 44 is encased in an insulating sheath 48 that electrically isolates the grid 44 but allows transmission of heat from the heating element 20 to the exterior of the cable 10.
  • the insulating sheath is encased in a ground braid 50 which is spirally wound and extends around the outer periphery of the sheath 48.
  • An outer jacket 52 encompasses the insulating sheath 48 and ground braid 50 and is formed from a translucent plastics material such as PVC or TEFCEL available from DuPont .
  • the jacket 52 protects the electrical components of the element 20 against mechanical damage and the effect of adverse environmental conditions.
  • a pair of indicator strips 24 extends longitudinally of the element 20 between the ground braid 50 and the outer jacket 52.
  • the indicating strips 54 are formed from a paper web impregnated with a moisture indicating material such as a silicate, an encapsulated dye, anhydrous copper sulphate or LEVCO dyes.
  • the indicator material is selected so that a visible colour change occurs upon contact with water.
  • the strip will be printed with water soluble ink in concentration that will stain the paper upon contact with water.
  • the colourant may also be selected for its ability to retain stain after the moisture is gone to provide a visible indication that moisture was present .
  • the colourants will be chosen for their ability to bleed and stain while maintaining their intensity.
  • the colourant may conveniently be applied to the web by a printing process or by application of dust, soaking or laminating.
  • the colourant may vary in its properties such as materials that are phosphorescent, heat-sensitive.
  • a phosphorescent strip may be used where black lighting will pick up water ingress in a dark installation, for example in locations in the Northern Arctic where low light level is experienced over an extended period.
  • the heater cable 10 is connected to the electrical lead 24 by the splice 23 shown in more detail in Figure 7 to prevent the migration of water to the plug 25.
  • each barrel crimp 60 has a pair of oppositely directed bores 62 that terminate in a solid central partition 64. The bores 62 receive respective conductors and the crimp 60 is then deformed to retain the conductors mechanically within the bores 62.
  • the crimps 60 are encased in a mastic 64 within a heat shrinkable sleeve 66 that extends slightly beyond the end of the crimp 60.
  • the sleeve 66 is shrunk onto the crimp 60 once the conductors are secure to insulate the crimps 60 from one another.
  • the individual crimps 60 are encased in a mastic 68 that extends to the outer jackets of the conductors 10,24 and a heat shrink sleeve 70 positioned to overlap the outer jackets and encase the mastic.
  • a vent hole 72 is provided in the jacket 52 at a location just below the splice 23 but beyond the gland 16 so that a vent is provided across the jacket 52 to an ambient pressure zone.
  • the splice 23 inhibits the flow of water between the conductors 10,24 by providing a physical barrier with the mastic 64,68.
  • the partition 64 in the crimps 60 also prevents transfer of water along the electrically connected conductors. Any water that enters a failure in the jacket 52 will migrate under the applied pressure of water in the pipe toward the splice 23.
  • the physical barrier inhibits the further flow and the vent hole 72 provides a path to a relatively low pressure zone so that fluid water pressure is not continuously applied to the splice.
  • vent hole 72 may be replaced with a capillary tube or a wick, such as a paper strip, extending between the heat shrink sleeve 70 and the jacket 52 to provide a vent path.
  • the cable 10 To install the cable 10, it is fed through the T-fitting and along the pipe 12. Typically the cable will extend up to 1,000 feet along the pipe 12.
  • the boot 28 protects the sealed end 26 of element 20 as it is inserted and is sufficiently robust to resist accidental cutting from sharp edges or the like that may occur at the union 18.
  • the outer surface of the heating element 20 is protected by the metallic sheath 30 against similar sharp edges as the cable is inserted.
  • the gland 16 is inserted into the T-fitting so as to seal the pipe 20 and the plug 25 connected to the power source.
  • the gland is positioned so that the splice 23 is on the exterior of the pipe 20 with the vent hole 72 positioned above gland 16.
  • the heater element 20 will then regulate the supply of current and the heating effect upon the water within the pipeline in accordance with the ambient temperature. Accordingly, if unexpected severe conditions and low temperatures are encountered, the heating cable 10 will inhibit freezing of the pipeline and therefore avoid the resultant inconvenience to the home owner.
  • the gel 29 within the boot 28 ensures transmission of the heat from the heating element 20 to the boot and also avoids localized heating that may cause premature failure of the heating element.
  • the braided outer sheath 30 also ensures that water in the pipeline 12 is in contact with the heating element and that a continuous transmission surface is provided.
  • the fluid contacts the indicator strips 54 which change colour.
  • the outer jacket 52 is translucent so that a change of colour is immediately visible at the location of the breach. The change of colour will move along the strips 54 and be visible on the exterior of the pipe between the gland 16 and splice 23. Periodic inspection will allow visible detection of the damage to the outer jacket 52 possibly before additional damage is done to the components of the cable 10.
  • the indicator 54 will indicate the location of the damage so that the cable 10 may be repaired and put back into service.
  • the indicator strips 24 could be materials other than paper such as textile and any suitable indicator used that provides a visible indication of the ingress of fluid to the jacket 22.
  • the braided outer sheath 30 will of course obscure the indicating strip where it covers the outer jacket 52 but it will be effective to indicate a potential failure as it emerges from the gland 16.
  • the cable 10 may then be withdrawn and the ring 36 released to allow retraction of the braid 30 and visual inspection of the cable for the location of the fault.
  • the stainless steel sheath and stainless steel clips provide a non-toxic surface that is compatible with the domestic water supply although brass or copper clips may be substituted if preferred.
  • the boots and rings may be made in different sizes to suit the cable and in different colours to signify different applications.
  • the cable has been described for use in a water pipe, it will be appreciated that the cable may be used externally of a pipe in applications where such cables are conventionally used. In such applications, the metallic sheath 30 may not be required but the mechanical connection of the boot 28 to the cable 10 provided by ring 32 ensures integrity of the seal at the exposed end of the cable .
  • An alternative arrangement is shown in Figure 6, where like components are indicated with like reference numerals with the suffix "a" added for clarity.
  • the indicator strip 54a is formed as a helically-wound braid impregnated with a suitable indicator and extending between the sheath 48a and the outer jacket 52a.
  • the strip 54 could be printed with indicia such as a message of "caution and repair immediately" which would become visible upon impregnation with water.
  • the indicator strip 54 could also be made responsive to fluids other than water, such as diesel fuel, where the cable is to be used in a fluid other than water.
  • the strip might also be made responsive to adverse physical conditions such as excessive temperature, to provide an indication of operating conditions to which the cable has been subjected.
  • the provision of the indicator strip 54 provides a visible indication of the location of the fault. By locating the strip 54 betwe n the outer jacket 52 and the insulating sheath 48, an indication is provided before failure. Prolonged impregnation of water will tend to increase the area of the strip impregnated so that the longer the cable is left immersed in the fluid, the more visible the fault becomes.
  • the indicator strip 54 When used in a water supply pipe as shown in Canadian Application Serial No. 2,019,590, the indicator strip 54 will extend through the coupling to the exterior of the pipe so that a fault in the jacket 52 will eventually become visible at the exterior of the water pipe indicating that inspection is required.
  • venting of splice 23 and the physical barrier provided by the mastic and barrel crimps inhibits the spread of water to the conductor 24 and plug 25.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention porte sur un câble chauffant pourvu d'un élément autorégulateur scellé à une extrémité. On monte une tétine sur l'extrémité scellée et on la fixe à l'élément autorégulateur au moyen d'anneaux estampés. On enveloppe l'élément sur toute sa longueur d'une gaine protectrice que l'on fixe à des emplacements espacés. On intercale une bande indicatrice entre l'enveloppe et le conducteur de manière à fournir une indication visuelle d'états défavorables, tels qu'une infiltration d'eau. On raccorde l'élément à un cordon d'alimentation au moyen d'une épissure que l'on munit d'une ouverture à l'extérieur de l'élément contigu à l'épissure.
PCT/CA1996/000258 1995-04-24 1996-04-24 Cable avec tetine et indicateur WO1996034511A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU53301/96A AU5330196A (en) 1995-04-24 1996-04-24 Cable with boot and indicator

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GBGB9508262.4A GB9508262D0 (en) 1995-04-24 1995-04-24 Seal for heater cable
GB9508262.4 1995-04-24
GBGB9526412.3A GB9526412D0 (en) 1995-12-22 1995-12-22 Cable with boot and indicator
GB9526412.3 1995-12-22

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1996034511A1 true WO1996034511A1 (fr) 1996-10-31

Family

ID=26306921

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/CA1996/000258 WO1996034511A1 (fr) 1995-04-24 1996-04-24 Cable avec tetine et indicateur

Country Status (2)

Country Link
AU (1) AU5330196A (fr)
WO (1) WO1996034511A1 (fr)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6288372B1 (en) 1999-11-03 2001-09-11 Tyco Electronics Corporation Electric cable having braidless polymeric ground plane providing fault detection
ES2217955A1 (es) * 2003-01-17 2004-11-01 Vicente Javier Lopez Garcia Dispositivo calefactor de baja temperatura para descristalizar miel.
DE102015011620A1 (de) * 2015-09-07 2017-03-09 DEHN + SÖHNE GmbH + Co. KG. Erdungsseil als Bestandteil ortsveränderlicher Einrichtungen zum Erden und/oder Kurzschließen, insbesondere für eine Erdungsgarnitur
US20180026433A1 (en) * 2016-07-21 2018-01-25 Heat-Line Corporation End seal for heating cable
DE102017204940A1 (de) * 2017-03-23 2018-09-27 Leoni Kabel Gmbh Leitung sowie Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Leitung
CN109000076A (zh) * 2018-10-24 2018-12-14 江苏中远环保科技有限公司 一种环保设备内的管道加热装置
DE102017219096A1 (de) * 2017-10-25 2019-04-25 Leoni Kabel Gmbh Wasserindikatorsystem
GB2594791A (en) * 2020-03-26 2021-11-10 Leonidovich Strupinskij Mikhail Heating device
WO2022147128A1 (fr) * 2020-12-30 2022-07-07 Graco Minnesota Inc. Imprégnation de fil de tuyau chauffé intérieurement

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3590139A (en) * 1969-12-15 1971-06-29 George W Gillemot Cable capping accessory
DE3414284A1 (de) * 1984-04-14 1985-10-31 Heraeus-Wittmann Gmbh, 6450 Hanau Elektrisches heizelement fuer rohrleitungen, insbesondere fuer lange rohrleitungen
US4721832A (en) * 1985-05-02 1988-01-26 Raychem Corporation Electrical connection sealing device
DE8812621U1 (de) * 1988-10-07 1988-11-24 Hemstedt GmbH, 7129 Brackenheim Heizkabel als Frontscheibenbeheizung für Verkaufstheken
US4877943A (en) * 1988-12-08 1989-10-31 Raychem Corporation Sealing device for elongate heater

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3590139A (en) * 1969-12-15 1971-06-29 George W Gillemot Cable capping accessory
DE3414284A1 (de) * 1984-04-14 1985-10-31 Heraeus-Wittmann Gmbh, 6450 Hanau Elektrisches heizelement fuer rohrleitungen, insbesondere fuer lange rohrleitungen
US4721832A (en) * 1985-05-02 1988-01-26 Raychem Corporation Electrical connection sealing device
DE8812621U1 (de) * 1988-10-07 1988-11-24 Hemstedt GmbH, 7129 Brackenheim Heizkabel als Frontscheibenbeheizung für Verkaufstheken
US4877943A (en) * 1988-12-08 1989-10-31 Raychem Corporation Sealing device for elongate heater

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6288372B1 (en) 1999-11-03 2001-09-11 Tyco Electronics Corporation Electric cable having braidless polymeric ground plane providing fault detection
ES2217955A1 (es) * 2003-01-17 2004-11-01 Vicente Javier Lopez Garcia Dispositivo calefactor de baja temperatura para descristalizar miel.
ES2217955B1 (es) * 2003-01-17 2006-03-16 Vicente Javier Lopez Garcia Dispositivo calefactor de baja temperatura para descristalizar miel.
DE102015011620A1 (de) * 2015-09-07 2017-03-09 DEHN + SÖHNE GmbH + Co. KG. Erdungsseil als Bestandteil ortsveränderlicher Einrichtungen zum Erden und/oder Kurzschließen, insbesondere für eine Erdungsgarnitur
US10361551B2 (en) * 2016-07-21 2019-07-23 Heat-Line Corporation End seal for heating cable
US20180026433A1 (en) * 2016-07-21 2018-01-25 Heat-Line Corporation End seal for heating cable
DE102017204940A1 (de) * 2017-03-23 2018-09-27 Leoni Kabel Gmbh Leitung sowie Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Leitung
DE102017204940B4 (de) * 2017-03-23 2021-02-18 Leoni Kabel Gmbh Leitung sowie Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Leitung
DE102017219096A1 (de) * 2017-10-25 2019-04-25 Leoni Kabel Gmbh Wasserindikatorsystem
DE102017219096B4 (de) 2017-10-25 2019-07-11 Leoni Kabel Gmbh Kabel enthaltend ein Wasserindikatorsystem und Herstellung des Kabels, sowie Herstellung und Verwendung eines Wasserindikatorfadens
CN109000076A (zh) * 2018-10-24 2018-12-14 江苏中远环保科技有限公司 一种环保设备内的管道加热装置
GB2594791A (en) * 2020-03-26 2021-11-10 Leonidovich Strupinskij Mikhail Heating device
WO2022147128A1 (fr) * 2020-12-30 2022-07-07 Graco Minnesota Inc. Imprégnation de fil de tuyau chauffé intérieurement

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
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