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WO1996032614A1 - Perfectionnements de capteurs de rayonnement - Google Patents

Perfectionnements de capteurs de rayonnement Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1996032614A1
WO1996032614A1 PCT/GB1996/000883 GB9600883W WO9632614A1 WO 1996032614 A1 WO1996032614 A1 WO 1996032614A1 GB 9600883 W GB9600883 W GB 9600883W WO 9632614 A1 WO9632614 A1 WO 9632614A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
solar panel
panel according
lamella
thickness
flow path
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/GB1996/000883
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Peter Starnes
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Collins Starnes Associates Ltd
Original Assignee
Collins Starnes Associates Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Collins Starnes Associates Ltd filed Critical Collins Starnes Associates Ltd
Priority to EP96909289A priority Critical patent/EP0817945A1/fr
Priority to GB9721323A priority patent/GB2314921A/en
Publication of WO1996032614A1 publication Critical patent/WO1996032614A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
    • F24S10/40—Solar heat collectors using working fluids in absorbing elements surrounded by transparent enclosures, e.g. evacuated solar collectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
    • F24S10/50—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed between plates
    • F24S10/502—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed between plates having conduits formed by paired plates and internal partition means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
    • F24S10/70—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed through tubular absorbing conduits
    • F24S10/73—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed through tubular absorbing conduits the tubular conduits being of plastic material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
    • F24S20/60—Solar heat collectors integrated in fixed constructions, e.g. in buildings
    • F24S20/67—Solar heat collectors integrated in fixed constructions, e.g. in buildings in the form of roof constructions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S70/00—Details of absorbing elements
    • F24S70/20—Details of absorbing elements characterised by absorbing coatings; characterised by surface treatment for increasing absorption
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S70/00—Details of absorbing elements
    • F24S70/20—Details of absorbing elements characterised by absorbing coatings; characterised by surface treatment for increasing absorption
    • F24S70/225—Details of absorbing elements characterised by absorbing coatings; characterised by surface treatment for increasing absorption for spectrally selective absorption
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
    • F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
    • F24S2023/86—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors in the form of reflective coatings
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/60—Planning or developing urban green infrastructure
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a solar panel of the type which particularly but not exclusively may be utilised for the heating of water for domestic purposes.
  • Solar panels which collect and utilise the energy present in solar radiation are well known.
  • a typical known construction of solar panel comprises an array of parallel metal conduits through which the working fluid flows, said conduits commonly being in thermal contact with a metal collecting plate which is coated with a radiation absorbing medium.
  • the collecting plate may be absent and the conduits may have surfaces coated with an absorbing medium and may also be partly surrounded by radiation reflectors.
  • Solar panels of this type are generally fitted with one or more front cover plates having suitable radiation transmission characteristics which reduce heat loss back into the environment, and are also provided with thermal insulation to minimise heat losses from their rear and side surfaces.
  • Applicants US Patent No. 5411015 describes a form of lightweight solar panel in which the working fluid is conveyed in a plurality of parallel compartments formed in a matrix of plastics material, each compartment having therein a filler member, coated on one surface with a radiation absorbing medium, and a transverse membrane spaced from the coated surface of the filler member to define a respective shallow channel for the working fluid.
  • a solar panel having a fluid flow path defined therein, the thickness of which normal to the direction of flow is defined between an outer transparent lamella and an inner backing member and is of the order of 5 mm or less.
  • the thickness of the outer lamella may typically be of the order of 1 mm or less, preferably in the region of 0.5 mm.
  • the inner backing member may comprise a further lamella of substantially the same dimensions as the outer lamella, and in this case there is preferably provided a coating or layer of radiation absorbing material in optical and thermal contact with the back of the lamella remote from the front of the solar panel, said absorbing surface having no physical contact with the fluid flowing along said flow path.
  • the inner backing member may formed as a platten of substantially greater thickness than the outer lamella, preferably formed from a material which incorporates a radiation absorbing medium, such as carbon black.
  • a number of conveniently spaced longitudinal webs may be provided to support the outer lamella in desired spaced relation relative to the backing member.
  • Such webs need not be continuous and are not required to define a series of separate flow conduits.
  • the webs may run essentially parallel to the direction of fluid flow, but not necessarily defining individual flow conduits.
  • Such webs may be formed integrally with the platten, or as structurally separate members secured thereto.
  • the platten may be formed to define inlet and outlet connections for the working fluid, or alternatively inlet and outlet manifolds may be secured thereto.
  • a solar panel having a fluid flow path defined therein, the thickness of which normal to the direction of flow is defined by two transparent lamellae and is of the order of 5mm or less.
  • a coating or layer of radiation absorbing material in optical and thermal contact with the back of the lamella remote from the front of the solar panel, said absorbing surface having no physical contact with the flowing fluid.
  • the thickness of the lamella adjacent to the radiation absorbing material is preferably not more than 0.5 mm.
  • the rear surface of this absorbing layer is preferably covered with a sheet of reflective metal foil so as to minimise radiative heat loss backwards into the panel.
  • the two laminae which define the film thickness may be maintained at the desired separation there are provided between them a number of conveniently spaced longitudinal webs.
  • Said webs need not be continuous and are not required to define a series of separate fluid flow conduits.
  • the webs may run essentially parallel to the direction of fluid flow, but not necessarily defining individual fluid flow conduits.
  • inlet and an outlet manifolds which cooperate with the aforementioned lamellae to form watertight conduits whereby fluid may be introduced into and withdrawn from the space between the lamellae; said inlet and outlet manifolds being disposed so that the length of the fluid flow path contained within the lamellae is generally in the range 1500mm to 2000mm.
  • the width of the flow path is usually in the range 400mm to 1000mm and may be defined by side pieces attached to said lamellae in a fluid tight manner.
  • the flow path as defined by the outer lamella and the backing member, or between the respective lamellae, is disposed within the solar panel so as to ensure that the fluid film contained within it is effectively irradiated by incoming solar radiation entering the front of said panel and also by secondary heat radiation re-emitted from the aforementioned absorbing layer.
  • the lamellae are formed from a suitable material which combines desirable optical transmission characteristics with the necessary physical properties.
  • a suitable material which combines desirable optical transmission characteristics with the necessary physical properties.
  • One such material is extruded polycarbonate resin which exhibits high strength and durability and suitable optical characteristics.
  • An alternative material for at least the outer lamella is a micro-cystalline nylon material.
  • Suitable materials from which the platten may be formed include nylon 6 or polypropylene, suitably pigmented.
  • a solar panel having a fluid flow path defined therein, the thickness of which normal to the direction of flow is defined by a transparent lamella and a radiation absorbing backing member, and is of the order of 5 mm or less.
  • a number of conveniently spaced longitudinal webs may be provided to support the outer lamella in desired spaced relation relative to the backing member.
  • Such webs need not be continuous and are not required to define a series of separate flow conduits.
  • the webs may run essentially parallel to the direction of fluid flow, but not necessarily defining individual flow conduits.
  • Such webs may be formed integrally with the platten, or as structurally separate members secured thereto.
  • the platten may be formed to define inlet and outlet connections for the working fluid, or alternatively inlet and outlet manifolds may be secured thereto.
  • a suitable material for at least the outer lamella is a micro-crystalline nylon material.
  • Suitable materials from which the platten may be formed include nylon 6 or polypropylene, suitably pigmented.
  • an outer window which is sealed into a rigid frame and which is of twin or multi- walled construction with adjacent walls connected by transverse webs dividing the space between them into non-intercommunicating channels so as to restrict heat loss by diffusion.
  • Said outer window is preferably located 15mm to 20mm above the fluid flow path of the solar panel which is also mounted in said frame.
  • the outer window is conveniently formed from a mechanically strong plastic material with appropriate optical transmission characteristics such as extruded polycarbonate. It may be provided with a protective coating to prevent damage to the plastic arising from the effects of ultraviolet radiation.
  • the inlet and outlet manifolds and the irradiation flow path are housed within a rigid protective casing and are surrounded on three sides by thermally insulating material to reduce heat loss from the panel.
  • Said rigid casing cooperates with the aforementioned rigid window frame and is fixed to it in such manner that the panel constitutes a fully sealed weatherproof unit; the manifolds being in communication with outlet ports fitted into the rigid casing by flexible flow conduit means so as to permit such differential movement as may be caused by temperature effects.
  • the design dimensions and materials of construction of panels manufactured in accordance with it may be such as to meet standard building requirements for roof or walling elements.
  • Suitable materials for the panel frames and casings are UPVC plastic and aluminium alloys which may conveniently be formed into appropriate shapes and are of proven performance in building applications.
  • FIGURE 1 is an enlarged diagrammatic section through a fluid flow channel forming part of a solar panel in accordance with one aspect of the invention
  • FIGURE 2 illustrates the optical transmission characteristics of a preferred material for use in the construction of the lamellae as herein described.
  • FIGURE 3 is a graph illustrating input and output temperatures achieved during daylight hours by a solar panel employing the principles of the construction shown in Figure 1;
  • FIGURE 4 is a diagrammatic section similar to Figure 1 showing a solar panel in accordance with the second aspect of the invention
  • FIGURE 5 is a diagrammatic transverse section through part of a roof which incorporates solar panels designed and manufactured according to the first aspect of the invention
  • FIGURE 6 is a view similar to Figure 5 of a roof which incorporates solar panels designed and manufactured in accordance with the second aspect of the invention.
  • FIGURE 7 is a diagrammatic longitudinal section through part of a roof as shown in Figure 6 or 7.
  • FIG 1 shows diagrammatically a section through a first embodiment of solar collector panel comprising an outer thin lamella 10 spaced from a rear thin lamella 12, incoming solar radiation, principally in the form of light (L), passes through the outer thin lamella 10 and thence through the water or other working fluid F in the channel 11 to the rear lamella 12.
  • the radiation energy is transmitted through the rear lamella 12 to a radiation-absorbing coating 13 on the rear face of the rear lamella 12, which in turn is backed by a polished reflecting metal foil 14.
  • the spacing between the lamella is defined by a plurality of webs 16 ( Figure 5).
  • the panel assembly comprising lamellae 10,12 and the webs 16 may be formed integrally as an extrusion of a suitable plastics material or as a fabrication from separate components.
  • the incoming radiation is absorbed by said absorbing coating 13 with a consequent rise in temperature of the latter.
  • Part of the energy so gained is transferred to the working fluid F by conduction across the rear lamella 12 and part by re-radiation forward as heat radiation (h) which is readily absorbed by said working fluid.
  • Heat loss from the back of the rear lamella 12 is limited by the polished reflecting foil 14 and the provision of thermal insulation material 15.
  • a flow path depth of the order of 5 mm provides highly efficient energy collection with volume flow rates within the range 0.20-1.0 litres per minute per square metre of active surface. This range corresponds with the levels of flow which can be conveniently induced in installed systems by known means in practice.
  • the lamellae 10,12 and webs 16 are preferably formed from extruded polycarbonate resin, which has the optical transmission characteristics illustrated in Figure 2, or an other material having appropriate optical and physical properties which is suitable for use in contact with water for other working fluid at elevated temperatures.
  • polycarbonate materials are substantially transparent to radiation in the wavelength range 0.3 to 2.5 micrometers which encompass the main part of the spectrum or solar energy incident at ground level.
  • the secondary radiation re-emitted by the absorber will have a spectrum determined by its temperature in accordance with Plancks Law. In practice this will result in the major part of the energy being re-emitted at wavelengths greater than 4 micrometers. As will be seen from Figure 2, only that part of the energy re-emitted at wavelengths close to 5 micrometres will be directly transmitted through the lamella to any extent, the remainder being largely absorbed by the latter and transferred across it by conduction.
  • This conducted energy will then be transferred from the lamella to the working fluid mainly by conduction across the boundary layer between them but also partly by re-radiation into the latter.
  • the re-radiation energy will effectively increase in wavelength as it passes through the working fluid so that little if any will be transmitted directly through the outer lamella and the larger part will be absorbed within the said working fluid.
  • the geometry of the flow path and the thickness of the inner lamella are important factors in ensuring efficient energy transfer by the mechanisms described above.
  • Figure 3 illustrates the level of performance obtained during tests with a panel incorporating a flow channel of the form herein disclosed.
  • Trace 1 relates to the temperature of water entering the panel and Trace 2 to that of water leaving.
  • the flow rate during this test was in the order of 0.20 litres per minute per square metre of panel area.
  • FIG 4 this illustrates a second embodiment of solar collector panel which is generally similar to that described above, but in which the rear lamella 12, with its radiation absorbing coating 13, is replaced by a thicker platten 17 which is substantially rigid and non-transparent, being made for example of a material such a nylon 6 or a polypropylene, in each case pigmented with carbon black or other suitable radiation absorbing material.
  • a thicker platten 17 which is substantially rigid and non-transparent, being made for example of a material such a nylon 6 or a polypropylene, in each case pigmented with carbon black or other suitable radiation absorbing material.
  • the webs 16 whereby the outer lamella 10 is in this case spaced from the platten 17 may be formed integrally with the platten or as structurally separate members secured thereto.
  • the outer lamella 10 may be secured to the ribs if required in any appropriate manner compatible with the choice of materials used, for example by a mechanical means, such as rivetting, by chemical bonding, or by welding, and it will be understood that the outer lamella 10 will be similarly connected in fluid-tight manner at the edges of the platten 17.
  • a timber rafter 20 which forms part of a conventional roof framework carries a load-spreading cap 21 covered by a waterproof membrane 23.
  • Said load-spreading cap 21 supports one edge of a solar panel assembly which includes a flange 24 formed on a rigid panel casing 25, and rigid window frame 26 fixed to said flange 24 by screws 27, in such manner as to compress a hard elastomer seal 28 against an upturn 29 at the outer edge of the flange 24.
  • the frame 26 also seals a twin-walled outer window 30 between closed-pore expanded elastomer seals 31, 32, 33 and 34.
  • a fillet of silicone elastomer 35 further seals and bonds the outer window 30 to the rigid frame 26.
  • a channel section member 36 carried by the cap 21 cooperates with the window frames 26 of adjacent panels as shown so as to locate and support same whilst providing a weatherproof seal.
  • a solar panel is located within the casing 25, and as previously described comprises, in this embodiment lamellae 10 and 12 defining a fluid flow channel 11 which is in communication with an inlet manifold 40 which in turn communicates with an inlet port 41 via a flexible conduit 42.
  • a similar outlet manifold with its associated flexible conduit and outlet port (not shown) is provided at the opposite end of the panel.
  • the radiation absorbing layer 13 on the lower face of the rear lamella 12 is backed by the sheet of reflective metal foil 14 which is supported by the thermal insulation material 15 which fills the remainder of the casing 25. Additional thermal insulation is provided to the roof by the ceiling lining board 46 and the packing piece 47.
  • transverse bearers 48, 49, 50 and 51 span parallel rafters 20 with the waterproof membrane 23 overlaying these elements.
  • the panel outer window frame 26 is weathered at the top by the metal flashing 52 which passes under the conventional roofing slate 53 which forms part of the upper section of the roof covering.
  • the bottom of the panel rests upon the metal flashing 54 which is fixed to the bearer 50 and passes over the conventional roofing slate 55 which forms part of the lower section of the roof covering.
  • Waterproof underlays 56,57 such as are conventionally used in slated or tiled roof construction are secured between the rafters 20 and transverse bearers 48-57 as shown.
  • the solar panel is held in position by a number of screws, not shown, which pass through the window frame 26 and the support flange 24 into the rafter 20 and are provided with suitable sealing means.
  • Figure 6 which is generally similar to Figure 5, illustrates a practical embodiment in which a solar panel in accordance with the second aspect of the invention forms part of a roof-structure as described in relation to Figure 5.
  • an array of solar panels of the form described is assembled to form that part of the roof of a building which receives the maximum sunlight according to said building's location and orientation; the area of the array being typically in the range 3 to 10 square metres.
  • the inlet and outlet ports of the panels are connected together by conventional plumbing means to form a continuous flow path through which water may be circulated by convection or by means of a pump.
  • the continuous flow path may include a reservoir for containing a volume of heated water which is provided with known means for drawing off hot water as required and automatically replacing this with cold water so as to maintain a substantially constant volume within the reservoir.
  • the circulating liquid may flow through a heat exchange element of known form within a reservoir which is kept filled with unadulterated water to be heated and drawn off for use in known manner.
  • the circulating liquid may consist of an aqueous solution of a known anti-freezing agent such as ethylene glycol.
  • the plumbing includes known means of controlling flow and draining down the system as required together with provision for liquid expansion.
  • the embodiment heretofore described provides a form of roof construction which is characterised by its light weight and high thermal insulation while at the same time it performs as a very efficient collector and converter of solar energy as is demonstrated in Figure 3.
  • a panel incorporating a flow channel of the form described by reference to Figures 5,6, and 7 will have a hold-up volume in the order of 5 litres of working fluid per square metre of effective area. This relatively small volume is of considerable practical benefit in helping to restrict both the thermal inertia and weight of the panel during operation within desirable limits.
  • both lamellae should be coated or pigmented to promote energy absorption.
  • heat loss by forward re-radiation from the outer lamella will be very significantly greater than with the configuration disclosed in the present invention.
  • a blackened outer lamella will act as the primary absorber of incoming radiation and will assume the maximum temperature within the array. Since there is no flow channel outboard of it, the consequent radiative heat loss will not be mitigated by absorption by the working fluid in the manner characteristic of the present invention.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)
  • Thermal Insulation (AREA)

Abstract

Cette invention concerne un panneau solaire constitué d'un circuit d'écoulement (11) pour fluide thermodynamique, ledit circuit ayant la forme d'une feuille mince dont l'épaisseur est inférieure ou égale à 5 mm environ. Ce circuit d'écoulement est défini entre une lamelle externe transparente (10) d'une épaisseur inférieure ou égale à 1 mm environ et un élément de support interne qui peut comporter soit une autre lamelle fine transparente (12) pourvu d'un revêtement absorbant le rayonnement (13) au niveau de sa face arrière, soit d'un plateau (17) non transparent constitué d'une matière absorbant le rayonnement, l'élément de support étant garni, dans les deux cas, d'une feuille de métal réfléchissante (14) et d'une matière isolante (16).
PCT/GB1996/000883 1995-04-11 1996-04-10 Perfectionnements de capteurs de rayonnement Ceased WO1996032614A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP96909289A EP0817945A1 (fr) 1995-04-11 1996-04-10 Perfectionnements de capteurs de rayonnement
GB9721323A GB2314921A (en) 1995-04-11 1996-04-10 Improvements in radiation collectors

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GBGB9507468.8A GB9507468D0 (en) 1995-04-11 1995-04-11 Improvements in radiation collectors
GB9507468.8 1995-04-11

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1996032614A1 true WO1996032614A1 (fr) 1996-10-17

Family

ID=10772870

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB1996/000883 Ceased WO1996032614A1 (fr) 1995-04-11 1996-04-10 Perfectionnements de capteurs de rayonnement

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0817945A1 (fr)
GB (2) GB9507468D0 (fr)
WO (1) WO1996032614A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2841639A1 (fr) * 2002-06-28 2004-01-02 Jean Marc Robin Dispositif de fermeture fixe ou mobile pour ouverture dans des batiments, apte a capter l'energie solaire

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FI102108B1 (fi) * 1997-03-04 1998-10-15 Halton Oy Tuloilmalaite

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2535581A1 (de) * 1974-08-10 1976-02-26 Solar Water Heaters Ltd Sonnenenergie-kollektor
FR2345676A1 (fr) * 1976-03-26 1977-10-21 Carbonaro Henri Panneau pour capteur solaire et capteur solaire constitue de tels panneaux
US4114597A (en) * 1975-12-31 1978-09-19 The Franklin Institute Unitary solar collector
US4221210A (en) * 1977-08-01 1980-09-09 Heliotherme, Inc. System and method for collecting energy from the sun
DE3025690A1 (de) * 1980-07-07 1982-02-04 Anton 6500 Mainz Ditt Flacher sonnenkollektor

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2535581A1 (de) * 1974-08-10 1976-02-26 Solar Water Heaters Ltd Sonnenenergie-kollektor
US4114597A (en) * 1975-12-31 1978-09-19 The Franklin Institute Unitary solar collector
FR2345676A1 (fr) * 1976-03-26 1977-10-21 Carbonaro Henri Panneau pour capteur solaire et capteur solaire constitue de tels panneaux
US4221210A (en) * 1977-08-01 1980-09-09 Heliotherme, Inc. System and method for collecting energy from the sun
DE3025690A1 (de) * 1980-07-07 1982-02-04 Anton 6500 Mainz Ditt Flacher sonnenkollektor

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2841639A1 (fr) * 2002-06-28 2004-01-02 Jean Marc Robin Dispositif de fermeture fixe ou mobile pour ouverture dans des batiments, apte a capter l'energie solaire

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB2314921A (en) 1998-01-14
EP0817945A1 (fr) 1998-01-14
GB2314921A8 (en) 1998-02-23
GB9721323D0 (en) 1997-12-10
GB9507468D0 (en) 1995-05-31

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