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WO1996032227A1 - Procede et appareil pour faire tenir ensemble des elements de machine par des boulons de serrage ou des boulons verrou - Google Patents

Procede et appareil pour faire tenir ensemble des elements de machine par des boulons de serrage ou des boulons verrou Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1996032227A1
WO1996032227A1 PCT/SE1996/000480 SE9600480W WO9632227A1 WO 1996032227 A1 WO1996032227 A1 WO 1996032227A1 SE 9600480 W SE9600480 W SE 9600480W WO 9632227 A1 WO9632227 A1 WO 9632227A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
power member
bolt
draw
bolts
pin
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/SE1996/000480
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
L.V. Baskakov
G.A. Diduk
V.A. Lihatchov
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
International Patents & Licenses - Russia AB
Original Assignee
International Patents & Licenses - Russia AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by International Patents & Licenses - Russia AB filed Critical International Patents & Licenses - Russia AB
Publication of WO1996032227A1 publication Critical patent/WO1996032227A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P19/00—Machines for simply fitting together or separating metal parts or objects, or metal and non-metal parts, whether or not involving some deformation; Tools or devices therefor so far as not provided for in other classes
    • B23P19/04—Machines for simply fitting together or separating metal parts or objects, or metal and non-metal parts, whether or not involving some deformation; Tools or devices therefor so far as not provided for in other classes for assembling or disassembling parts
    • B23P19/06—Screw or nut setting or loosening machines
    • B23P19/067—Bolt tensioners
    • B23P19/068—Bolt tensioners by using heating means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
    • B25B29/00—Accessories
    • B25B29/02—Bolt tensioners
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B2200/00—Constructional details of connections not covered for in other groups of this subclass
    • F16B2200/77—Use of a shape-memory material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B5/00—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them
    • F16B5/02—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of fastening members using screw-thread

Definitions

  • Trie invention relates to assembling of machine parts and can be used for connecting machine parts by draw bolts or pin bolts at the assembling of steam turbines, nuclear reactors, high pressure pumps, metallic constructive elements and so on.
  • the invention can be utilized for profylactic work and remounting.
  • the pre-tensioning is measured in relation to the angular turning of the nut with an accuracy of only +/- 15%.
  • a method of a pre-tensioned mounting of bolts is known by the withdrawing method (vide Jarkovets, A.I. et al. Making rivet and bolt joints of high resource type at construction of airplanes, Moscow, publisher "Maschinostroenie", 1987, page 1) which presupposes that the bolt is positioned in the hole by a withdrawing tool and an axial tension is applied to the threaded part of the bolt.
  • the drawback in this case is that the method does not secure an even pre-tensioning in the heigt direction of the connected elements and does not eliminate the deformation wave caused by the pressing together.
  • the final pre-tensioning i.e. the obtaining of a predetermined strongly prescribed pre-tensioning of the pin bolt, is decided only by its pre-deformation (by stretching) and cannot be changed after fixing with the nut.
  • Method and means of attachment The method that in technical respect comes closest to the method according to the invention is "Method and means of attachment" (vide the Japanese application No. 2-50329, Cl. F16B 39/01, publ. 1990).
  • This method utilizes bolt and nut made of an alloy having shape-memory characteristics in one direction. Due to the fact that the bolt is pre-heated above the transformation temperature, in austenite phase, a manory impress is achieved of the shape when the bolt has a short axial length and is thicker in radial direction and the nut is stretched in axial direction and has a narrow thread gap.
  • the bolt At mounting of details at a temperature below the transformation temperature in martensite phase the bolt is deformed by stretching it in axial direction and its diameter is reduced at the same time as the nut is deformed by reducing its axial length and increasing its thread gap. After the attachment it is heated to a temperature above the transformation temperature, which gives rise to an increase (clerical error?) of the axial length of the bolt and, inversely, an increase of the axial length of the nut and an decrease of the thread gap. This gives rise to an increase of the pre-tension of the details and, moreover, a constriction in radial direction.
  • a disadvantage here is, that the nut and the bolt, made of an expensive material with thermcmechanical shape-memory characteristics, form inseparable parts of the structure causing a high total cost of the structure per se.
  • an hydraulic device for attaching structural components by draw bolts or pin bolts comprising a drawing device for the bolt or pin bolt, a support device, an hydraulic matiber and a nipple for supply and outlet of liquid.
  • a disadvantage of this device is a high pressure pump that gives rise to considerable overweight and oversize and high costs.
  • the object of the technical solution according to the invention is to increase the reliability of the attachment, increase the accuracy of achieved extension of the draw bolts or pin bolts and decrease of weight, volume and cost.
  • This object is achieved by the method to attach structural components by draw bolts and pin bolts utilizing a material with thermomechanical shape-manory by performing the attachment in that the draw bolts or pin bolts are elongated to a predetermined pre-tension without screwing by means of a power manber made of a material that has simultaneously thermomechanical shape-manory as well as directed deformation transformation, the deformation parameters of the power member being dimensioned in dependence on the required pre-tension and elongation during heating of the power member to a temperature above the return-transformation temperature to martensite in austenite phase, after which chilling is carried out to a temperature lower than the temperature at which direct martensitic transformation in martensitic phase ceases, at which temperature the power member is returned to its initial state.
  • the attachment device comprising a driver of the draw bolt or pin bolt
  • a power member and a heating device the power member being made of a material that simultaneously has thermomechanical shape-manory as well as directed deformation transformation
  • the driver is formed by a bushing having a threaded bottom opening with a pitch equal to the thread of the draw bolt or pin bolt, the upper part of the bushing is in threaded engagement with an upper support, a support beam is inserted through openings in the wall of the bushing, the power manber together with the mounted heating device are inserted between the upper support and the support beam, in addition to which the ends of the support beam bear on a bottom support and the beam forms a clearance to the inner surface at the bottom of the bushing.
  • the attachment device comprising a driver of the draw bolt or pin bolt further is provided with a tubular power matiber with an exterior or interior heating device
  • the power member is made of a material that has simultaneously thermcmechanical shape-manory as well as directed deformation transformation, and both the power member and the heating device are placed between the driver of the draw bolt or pin bolt and the structural manbers to be attached.
  • the proposed technical solution has as essential characterizing features the presence of a power manber made of a material possessing thermomechanical shape-memory characteristics in addition to which the material at transformation is deformed directional orientated.
  • Fig.l and 2 disclose in sectional view constructional embodiments of the device for attachment of structural manbers by means of draw bolts and pin bolts.
  • the attachment device comprises partly a driver 1 of the bolt or pin bolt designed like a bushing provided with a threaded bottom opening and partly a power member 2 with an interior heating device 3. Both the power member 2 and the heating device 3 are positioned between a beam 4 and an upper support 6, which is in threaded engagement with the upper part of the bushing 1.
  • the beam 4 is inserted through a side opening of the bushing 1, forms a clearance 7 to the interior surface of the bottom of the bushing 1 and bears on a bottom support 5 with its ends.
  • the attachment device (Fig.2) comprises a driver 1 of the bolt and pin bolt and a power member 2 with an exterior or interior heating device 3. Both the power manber 2 and the heating device 3 are positioned between the driver 1 of the bolt or pin bolt and the structural manber that should be attached.
  • the attachment occurs by elongation of the draw bolt or pin bolt to a predetermined pre-tension without screwing by means of a power member made of a material that has a shape-memory and directed deformation transformation.
  • a power member made of a material that has a shape-memory and directed deformation transformation.
  • metallic materials which after external deformation are capable to return completely to their initial shape. The characteristics of material with shape-manory are discussed in the monograph V.A.Lihatchov, S.L.Kuzmin, Z.P-Kamenetseva "The shape-memory effect", Lebingrad, Publisher LGU, 1987. These materials can at change of temperature be reversibly deformed many times and with considerable accuracy give rise to a predetermined tension of draw bolts and pin bolts.
  • the driver 1 is threaded on the bolt.
  • the power manber 2 is heated by the heating device 3 to a temperature above the limit temperature of martensitic transformation in austenite phase, more exactly up to 150 degrees for Ni-Ti alloys.
  • the power member 2 is in advance squeezed together in a press to a predetermined value corresponding to the magnitude of the power load acting on the bolt or pin bolt.
  • the power maber 2 reverts to its original shape and acts upon the upper support 6, which transfers the force to the bolt (Fig.l).
  • the force is transferred to the bottom support 5 via the beam 4.
  • the nut When the bolt has been elongated by the power member 2 the nut is tightened by means of a calibrated gauge block with play in relation to the surface of the flange. After that the power member 2 is chilled to a temperature below the limit temperature for the transformation in martensite phase.
  • the elastic deformation in elongated state should be equal to the magnitude of the reverted deformation of the power manber 2.
  • the device shown in Fig.2 differs from the device shown in Fig.l by the power member 2, made of a material with shape-manory, acting upon a driver 1, that when displaced directly brings about an elongation of the bolt or pin bolt.
  • the linear displacement is further limited in the tension device (Fig.l) thanks to the play 7 between the beam 4 and the inner surface of the driver 1.
  • the heating device 3 shown in the drawings uses electrical heating.
  • the device 8 can be used for directing a flow of cooler air or steam towards the power member 2.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Connection Of Plates (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne des procédés de montage de pièces de machine qui peuvent être utilisées pour la fixation de pièces de machine par des boulons de serrage ou des boulons verrou lors de la réalisation de turbines à vapeur, de réacteurs nucléaires, de pompes haute pression, d'éléments de construction métallique et similaire. Le procédé peut être utilisé dans des travaux d'entretien et de réparation. La solution technique proposée permet de simplifier la structure, d'augmenter la fiabilité de la fixation, d'augmenter la précision de la détermination de l'allongement des boulons de serrage ou des boulons verrou, et de diminuer les facteurs poids, taille et coûts. On réalise ceci en utilisant des éléments de force (2) qui ont une mémoire de forme thermo-mécanique, et en même temps, présentent une déformation à la transformation qui est orientée. Le changement de forme de l'élément de force (2) est assuré par un élément chauffant (3, 8).
PCT/SE1996/000480 1995-04-12 1996-04-12 Procede et appareil pour faire tenir ensemble des elements de machine par des boulons de serrage ou des boulons verrou Ceased WO1996032227A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE9501376-9 1995-04-12
SE9501376A SE505839C2 (sv) 1995-04-12 1995-04-12 Sätt och anordning att förbinda maskinelement medelst drag- eller pinnbultar

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1996032227A1 true WO1996032227A1 (fr) 1996-10-17

Family

ID=20397950

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/SE1996/000480 Ceased WO1996032227A1 (fr) 1995-04-12 1996-04-12 Procede et appareil pour faire tenir ensemble des elements de machine par des boulons de serrage ou des boulons verrou

Country Status (2)

Country Link
SE (1) SE505839C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO1996032227A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
MD20040189A (ro) * 2004-07-28 2006-01-31 Ион РАССОХИН Îmbinare cu filet
CN103912561A (zh) * 2014-04-28 2014-07-09 江苏振东港口机械制造有限公司 一种加长螺栓
EP4414133A1 (fr) * 2023-02-09 2024-08-14 Nimesis Technology Dispositif outil de réalisation d'un serrage axial à base d'un alliage à mémoire de forme

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3733243A1 (de) * 1986-10-01 1988-04-14 Toshiba Kawasaki Kk Verbindungsbolzen und verfahren zum einstellen der spannkraft des verbindungsbolzens
FI93893B (fi) * 1993-11-30 1995-02-28 Kvaerner Tamturbine Oy Ruuvin esijännityslaite ja menetelmä esijännityksen toteuttamiseksi
WO1995015442A1 (fr) * 1993-11-30 1995-06-08 Kvaerner Tamturbine Oy Dispositif et procede de pretension d'elements de fixation

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3733243A1 (de) * 1986-10-01 1988-04-14 Toshiba Kawasaki Kk Verbindungsbolzen und verfahren zum einstellen der spannkraft des verbindungsbolzens
FI93893B (fi) * 1993-11-30 1995-02-28 Kvaerner Tamturbine Oy Ruuvin esijännityslaite ja menetelmä esijännityksen toteuttamiseksi
WO1995015442A1 (fr) * 1993-11-30 1995-06-08 Kvaerner Tamturbine Oy Dispositif et procede de pretension d'elements de fixation

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
MD20040189A (ro) * 2004-07-28 2006-01-31 Ион РАССОХИН Îmbinare cu filet
CN103912561A (zh) * 2014-04-28 2014-07-09 江苏振东港口机械制造有限公司 一种加长螺栓
EP4414133A1 (fr) * 2023-02-09 2024-08-14 Nimesis Technology Dispositif outil de réalisation d'un serrage axial à base d'un alliage à mémoire de forme

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SE505839C2 (sv) 1997-10-13
SE9501376L (sv) 1996-10-13
SE9501376D0 (sv) 1995-04-12

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