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WO1996030143A1 - Procede de dispersion de fluides et dispositif a cet effet - Google Patents

Procede de dispersion de fluides et dispositif a cet effet Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1996030143A1
WO1996030143A1 PCT/AU1996/000173 AU9600173W WO9630143A1 WO 1996030143 A1 WO1996030143 A1 WO 1996030143A1 AU 9600173 W AU9600173 W AU 9600173W WO 9630143 A1 WO9630143 A1 WO 9630143A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fluid
conduit
melt
gas
inlet
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/AU1996/000173
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Laihua Wang
Hae-Geon Lee
Peter Charles Hayes
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
University of Queensland UQ
Original Assignee
University of Queensland UQ
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by University of Queensland UQ filed Critical University of Queensland UQ
Priority to AU50002/96A priority Critical patent/AU5000296A/en
Publication of WO1996030143A1 publication Critical patent/WO1996030143A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
    • B01F23/23—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids
    • B01F23/232—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids using flow-mixing means for introducing the gases, e.g. baffles
    • B01F23/2326—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids using flow-mixing means for introducing the gases, e.g. baffles adding the flowing main component by suction means, e.g. using an ejector
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
    • C22B9/05—Refining by treating with gases, e.g. gas flushing also refining by means of a material generating gas in situ
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
    • B01F23/23—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids
    • B01F23/232—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids using flow-mixing means for introducing the gases, e.g. baffles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
    • B22D41/14—Closures
    • B22D41/22—Closures sliding-gate type, i.e. having a fixed plate and a movable plate in sliding contact with each other for selective registry of their openings
    • B22D41/42—Features relating to gas injection
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
    • B22D41/50—Pouring-nozzles
    • B22D41/58—Pouring-nozzles with gas injecting means
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B21/00—Obtaining aluminium
    • C22B21/06—Obtaining aluminium refining
    • C22B21/064—Obtaining aluminium refining using inert or reactive gases
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
    • C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
    • C21C7/072—Treatment with gases

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method of introducing a first fluid into a second fluid.
  • the invention further relates to a method of introducing a gas into a metallurgical melt.
  • the invention relates to a method of introducing a gas into a metallurgical melt for the purposes of reducing impurities.
  • the invention also relates to apparatus for use in these methods.
  • impurities include inclusions such as Al 2 O 3 and SiO 2 and dissolved gases such as H, O and N.
  • Gas injection is commonly practised using injection through tuyeres, lances and porous plugs. All of these processes are injection of gas from one port into a large metallurgical vessel, which inevitably forms a recirculating zone and a dead zone. The impurities in the dead zone have little chance to transfer to the interface of slag and metal, and those in the recirculating zone will recirculate with the bulk flow and also have little chance of being removed.
  • Another method of impurity removal is the use of gas introduced into a jet flow (Australian Patent Applications Nos. 89101/91 and 49888/90, and U.K. Patent Application No. 2054396).
  • the jet flow the high turbulent flow splits the gas into fine bubbles and creates a good mixing between gas/liquid phases.
  • the fine gas bubbles offer a large interfacial area for the absorption of impurities.
  • the good mixing enhances the collision probability between inclusions and gas bubbles and also accelerates the mass transfer of impurities.
  • the last mentioned method has a higher efficiency than earlier methods in terms of impurity removal.
  • a molten metal pump or alternating pressure should be applied for the creation of liquid metal flow in the last mentioned method, implementation at higher temperature such as steelmaking is difficult .
  • gas injection into a metallurgical melt comprises injection of one fluid into another fluid.
  • a simple and efficient method of finely dispersing a first fluid into a second fluid would find a much wider application than use in the processing of metallurgical melts.
  • Such applications include solvent extraction using aqueous and organic phases, and process gas dispersion and dissolution in aqueous solutions.
  • a method of dispersing a first fluid in a second fluid comprising: providing upper and lower second fluid vessels in fluid communication via a conduit, said conduit having a constricted inlet thereto from said upper vessel; and providing in said conduit adjacent said constriction and downstream thereof at least one inlet for said first fluid; wherein injection of first fluid into second fluid passing through said conduit under gravity or pressure induced flow causes fine dispersion of said first fluid in said second fluid.
  • a method of dispersing a first fluid in a second fluid comprising: providing a conduit for said second fluid, said conduit having a constricted inlet thereto; and providing in said conduit adjacent said constriction and downstream thereof at least one inlet for said first fluid; wherein injection of said first fluid into said second fluid passing through said conduit under gravity or pressure flow causes dispersion of said first fluid in said second fluid.
  • a method of generating and dispersing fine bubbles in a melt comprising: providing upper and lower melt vessels in fluid communication via a conduit, said conduit having a constricted inlet thereto from said upper vessel; and providing in said conduit adjacent said constriction and downstream thereof at least one inlet for a gas; wherein injection of gas into melt passing through said conduit under gravity flow causes dispersion of fine bubbles in said melt.
  • a method of transferring a chemical species from one fluid to another fluid comprising dispersing a first fluid in a second fluid by the method according to the second embodiment.
  • a method of removing impurities from a melt comprising including in the processing of said melt the step of generating and dispersing fine bubbles in the melt by the method according to the third embodiment.
  • a method of removing impurities from a metallurgical melt during refining of a metal comprising including in the refining process the step of generating and dispersing fine bubbles in the melt by the method according to the third embodiment.
  • an apparatus for dispersing a first fluid in a second fluid comprising: upper and lower second fluid vessels in fluid communication via a conduit, said conduit having a restricted inlet thereto from said upper vessel; and, at least one inlet for said first fluid in said conduit adjacent said constriction and downstream thereof.
  • an apparatus for generating and dispersing fine bubbles in a melt comprising: upper and lower melt vessels in fluid communication via a conduit, said conduit having a constricted inlet thereto from said upper vessel; and at least one inlet for a gas in said conduit adjacent said constriction and downstream thereof.
  • constriction in the conduit referred to in the preceding paragraphs is, in accordance with the dictionary meaning of the term, a narrowing in the conduit bore. It will be appreciated that beyond the constriction - that is, downstream of the constriction - the normal bore of the conduit is resumed. The expansion of fluid or melt on passing through the constriction plays a role in the uptake up first fluid or gas.
  • the constriction need not be positioned precisely at the inlet end of the conduit and can be positioned adjacent the inlet end.
  • the first fluid can be a liquid, a gas, or a comminuted solid such as a powder entrained in a gas or liquid phase.
  • Liquids can be aqueous or organic.
  • the second fluid can be a liquid or a comminuted solid entrained in a gas or liquid phase, with the liquid again being aqueous or organic.
  • the second fluid can also be a fluid metal, such as a metallurgical melt used in steel, magnesium and aluminium refining and the like.
  • Typical organic liquids used in the method of the first embodiment include organic solvents such as hydrocarbons or their derivatives.
  • the method according to the first embodiment can be applied to solvent extraction, using aqueous and organic fluids, or to oxygen gas dispersion and dissolution in aqueous solutions, or to the addition of alloying elements in powdered form entrained in a gas phase to liquid metals.
  • the conduit which is used as a protection shroud in the continuous casting of steel, transfers molten metal from the upper tank to the lower one.
  • a slide gate which consists of two or three refractory plates and acts as a control valve, connects the conduit with the upper vessel and plays a role in constricting flow.
  • the conduit can be a protection shroud - also referred to as a shroud pipe.
  • the conduit is typically a refractory pipe.
  • the high velocity flow of the melt is created by the liquid height in the upper tank, for example from the ladle in continuous casting process of steel.
  • Gas is introduced into the conduit, in this case a shroud pipe, underneath the flow constriction.
  • the high velocity flow splits the gas into fine bubbles.
  • the fine bubbles, dispersed in the high turbulent flow have a high probability of colliding with the inclusions and absorbing the gas-forming impurities.
  • the impurities In the shroud pipe, the impurities have ample opportunity to attach themselves to the fine bubbles because the turbulence is so strong.
  • the fine bubbles carrying the impurities are discharged into the lower tank. In the lower tank, turbulence is weaker than in the pipe, so that the bubbles coalesce to form larger bubbles. These large bubbles have a high rising velocity and bring the impurities to the covering layer on the melt surface within a few seconds.
  • Venturi tube and sub-atmospheric pressure is generated in the pipe. This facilitates gas introduction.
  • the Venturi effect can also be used to introduce other materials in solid, liquid or vapour form. This feature is particularly useful for injecting solid materials in powder form.
  • the lower tank includes a weir which separates melt in the area of the refractory pipe from melt adjacent the tank outlet. This minimises contamination of outflowing melt with impurity-carrying gas bubbles.
  • the gas can be an inert gas or a reactive gas.
  • An example of an inert gas is argon in steel making.
  • An example of a reactive gas is chlorine in aluminium refining.
  • the present invention can offer the following advantages over the prior art (Australian Patent Applications Nos. 89101/91 and 49888/90 and U.K. Patent Application No. 2054396):-
  • the previous techniques are aimed at removing gas-forming impurities from the molten metals in a large shallow bath.
  • This invention can be used for the removal of the inclusions and gas- forming impurities from a deep bath such as a ladle in the continuous casting of steel.
  • the method according to the third embodiment of the invention is particularly suited for the refining of steel.
  • the method can also be applied to a wide range of metallurgical processes where the generation of fine bubbles is desirable or where the dispersion of additional solid or liquid phase in the flowing melt is desired.
  • Such processes include the refining and purification of aluminium or magnesium, and slag cleaning processes aimed at metal recovery.
  • the transfer of the chemical species from one fluid to another fluid can be from the first fluid to the second fluid, or from the second fluid to the first fluid.
  • Entities embraced by the term "chemical species" include elements, molecules and compounds.
  • the method according to the fifth embodiment can be used for removing impurities from melts such as fluid metals, slag, matte, speiss and molten salt.
  • the conduit is a shroud pipe and has an internal diameter sufficiently larger than the inlet thereto so that the melt can flow through the shroud without filling the shroud. This reduces air ingress.
  • Apparatus according to the eighth embodiment can include all the preferments and alternatives of apparatus used in the method according to the third embodiment, and other embodiments.
  • Figure 1 is a diagrammatic representation of apparatus according to the invention which also illustrates the method of the invention.
  • Figure 2 is a cross-sectional side view of a refractory pipe inlet comprising a slide gate.
  • Figure 3 is a diagrammatic representation of a shroud inlet and shroud particularly suited for steel refining.
  • Figure 4 is a diagrammatic representation of an alternative embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 5 is similarly a diagrammatic representation of another embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 6 is a diagrammatic representation of yet another embodiment of the invention. BEST MODE AND OTHER MODES OF CARRYING OUT
  • apparatus 1 comprising an upper vessel, or ladle, 2, and a lower vessel, or tundish, 3.
  • Molten steel can flow from ladle 2 to tundish 3 via shroud 4.
  • Flow of melt into the shroud is first constricted by well block 5 and is further regulated by slide gate 6.
  • a gas inlet 7 is provided adjacent slide gate 6 but down stream thereof.
  • Molten steel in the tundish can flow to a mould 8 via outlet 9.
  • a flux layer on the melt in tundish 3 is indicated at 10.
  • Tundish 3 also includes a weir 11 and a dam 12.
  • the ladle is used to transfer steel between smelting furnace and caster.
  • the tundish acts as an intermediate reservoir to enable the steel to be cast on a continuous basis.
  • Slide gate 6 which acts as a control valve, consists of two refractory plates (see below). The opening area of the slide gate is gradually increased to obtain a constant flow rate to match the constant casting speed. Under the slide gate, a collector nozzle and a shroud are used to protect the steel from reoxidation.
  • Figure 2 depicts a slide gate and shroud nozzle in greater detail.
  • the figure shows well block 21, nozzle 22, upper plate 23 and lower plate 24 of the slide gate, collector nozzle 25 and shroud nozzle 26.
  • Two gas inlets are provided, 27 at shroud nozzle 26 and 28 at collector nozzle 25.
  • additional gas inlets can be provided in the area of the shroud nozzle and collector nozzle.
  • Inlet 27 is an orifice whereas gas feed through inlet 28 is via a porous refractory 29. It will be appreciated however that gas inlets can be provided in well block 21 , through plates 23 or 24, or through the collector nozzle and shroud nozzle as shown in the figure.
  • water modelling was carried out.
  • the velocity of liquid flow was found to be so high (generally 1 to 3 m/s) that a high turbulent flow was established. Good mixing between liquid phase and gas phase was observed. Since the bubble size is determined by the turbulence intensity (Sleicher, A.I.Ch.E. Journal, Vol. 8, No. 4, pp. 471-477 [1962]), fine bubbles with size approximately 0.2 mm in diameter were obtained. In the lower tank, where the turbulence becomes weaker, the fine bubbles coalesce to bubbles approximately 5 mm in size. These larger bubbles take only 3 to 5 seconds to float to the liquid surface in the liquid depth of one meter.
  • alumina and silica are non-wettable to liquid steel, they attach themselves to the gas bubbles and float to the surface of the liquid. The attachment between inclusions and bubbles is so strong that they will not become detached when they are discharged into the tundish with a sudden velocity decrease and direction change.
  • a calculation based on the force balances by the present inventors predicts that the critical detachment relative velocity between an alumina inclusion of 50 ⁇ and gas bubbles is as high as 18 m/s.
  • the steel stream velocity from the shroud is only up to 3 m/s, indicating that detachment of inclusions from the gas bubbles once attached will not occur.
  • FIG. 3 shows slide gate 31 having upper and lower refractory plates, collector nozzle 32 and shroud 33. Gas inlets are provided at 34 in the collector nozzle and at 35 and 36 in the shroud. Since the shroud diameter is larger than that of collector nozzle, the steel stream will flow without filling the shroud. Therefore, the sub-atmospheric pressure as occurring in the ladle shroud system of Figure 1 is relieved, and air ingress is correspondingly reduced. Inert gas may be injected from collector nozzle by a small nozzle or a piece of porous refractory.
  • Figure 3 also depicts transition of fine bubbles 37 in shroud 33 to large bubbles 38 in the molten steel 39 in the tundish.
  • the larger bubbles coalesce and finally rise to flux 40 at the surface of the molten steel.
  • FIG 4 shows yet another embodiment of the invention where lower vessel 41 includes a weir 42.
  • Molten metal in lower vessel 41 can overflow via port 43 to another vessel for casting.
  • Weir 42 prevents passage of impurity-carrying bubbles through the port.
  • the apparatus of Figure 4 also includes upper tank 44, well block 45, slide gate 46, gas inlet 47 and refractory pipe 48. If the flow rate of molten metal does not need to be controlled, the arrangement shown in Figure 5 can be used. The constriction to the flow is achieved by well block 51 having a smaller diameter than that of refractory pipe 52. Other features of the Figure 5 apparatus are as described in relation to Figure 4.
  • Figure 6 generally depicts yet another manner of constricting flow of melt from the upper vessel into the conduit. In this case, a constriction 53 is included in the conduit.
  • An aperture in the constriction can take many geometric forms including all of which lead to enhanced turbulent fluid flow in the fluid upon passing through constriction. It will be further appreciated that many variations and modifications can be made to the apparatus and method as exemplified above without departing from the broad ambit and scope of the invention.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)

Abstract

On décrit un procédé ainsi qu'un dispositif de dispersion d'un premier fluide dans un second fluide. La cuve supérieure (2) et la cuve inférieure (3), destinées au second fluide, sont en communication fluidique au moyen d'un conduit (4), lequel présente à la sortie de la cuve supérieure (2) un orifice (5, 6) étranglé. Au voisinage de l'étranglement (5, 6) et en aval de celui-ci, on a monté un orifice d'entrée (7) destiné au premier fluide que l'on injecte (7) dans le second fluide passant au travers du conduit (4) par gravité ou par écoulement causé par une pression, ce qui provoque une fine dispersion du premier fluide dans le second. Ce procédé trouve une application particulière en métallurgie, notamment pour injecter un gaz dans un métal en fusion, comme dans l'affinage de l'acier.
PCT/AU1996/000173 1995-03-29 1996-03-29 Procede de dispersion de fluides et dispositif a cet effet Ceased WO1996030143A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU50002/96A AU5000296A (en) 1995-03-29 1996-03-29 Method of fluid dispersion and apparatus therefor

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AUPN2048A AUPN204895A0 (en) 1995-03-29 1995-03-29 Method of generation and dispersion of fine bubbles and apparatus therefor
AUPN2048 1995-03-29

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1996030143A1 true WO1996030143A1 (fr) 1996-10-03

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AU (1) AUPN204895A0 (fr)
WO (1) WO1996030143A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2013107100A (ja) * 2011-11-21 2013-06-06 Jfe Steel Corp 高清浄度鋼の製造方法
JP2023067010A (ja) * 2021-10-29 2023-05-16 日本製鉄株式会社 溶鋼の供給システム及び鋼の連続鋳造方法

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE854084A (fr) * 1977-04-28 1977-08-16 Centre Rech Metallurgique Procede de coulee des metaux
US4295883A (en) * 1979-07-10 1981-10-20 Swiss Aluminium Ltd. Device and method for introducing gases into molten metal
US4630801A (en) * 1985-05-06 1986-12-23 Inland Steel Company Apparatus for adding solid alloying ingredients to molten metal stream
EP0385617A1 (fr) * 1989-02-17 1990-09-05 The Carborundum Company Procédé et dispositif d'insufflation de gaz dans les métaux fondus
US5340379A (en) * 1990-11-09 1994-08-23 Alcan International Limited Jet flow device for injecting gas into molten metal and process
EP0396111B1 (fr) * 1989-05-03 1995-01-11 British Steel plc Réglage pour le courant de fonte
JPH07256409A (ja) * 1994-03-22 1995-10-09 Nippon Steel Corp 溶融金属の不純物除去方法

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE854084A (fr) * 1977-04-28 1977-08-16 Centre Rech Metallurgique Procede de coulee des metaux
US4295883A (en) * 1979-07-10 1981-10-20 Swiss Aluminium Ltd. Device and method for introducing gases into molten metal
US4630801A (en) * 1985-05-06 1986-12-23 Inland Steel Company Apparatus for adding solid alloying ingredients to molten metal stream
EP0385617A1 (fr) * 1989-02-17 1990-09-05 The Carborundum Company Procédé et dispositif d'insufflation de gaz dans les métaux fondus
EP0396111B1 (fr) * 1989-05-03 1995-01-11 British Steel plc Réglage pour le courant de fonte
US5340379A (en) * 1990-11-09 1994-08-23 Alcan International Limited Jet flow device for injecting gas into molten metal and process
JPH07256409A (ja) * 1994-03-22 1995-10-09 Nippon Steel Corp 溶融金属の不純物除去方法

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
DERWENT ABSTRACT, Accession No. 77-61267Y/35, Classes M22, P53; & BE,A,854 084, (CENTRE RECH METALL), 16 August 1977. *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, Vol. 96, No. 2; & JP,A,07 256 409, (NIPPON STEEL CORP), 09 October 1995. *

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2013107100A (ja) * 2011-11-21 2013-06-06 Jfe Steel Corp 高清浄度鋼の製造方法
JP2023067010A (ja) * 2021-10-29 2023-05-16 日本製鉄株式会社 溶鋼の供給システム及び鋼の連続鋳造方法

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