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WO1996025527A1 - Alliage d'aluminium presentant des caracteristiques tribologiques ameliorees - Google Patents

Alliage d'aluminium presentant des caracteristiques tribologiques ameliorees Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1996025527A1
WO1996025527A1 PCT/US1995/001843 US9501843W WO9625527A1 WO 1996025527 A1 WO1996025527 A1 WO 1996025527A1 US 9501843 W US9501843 W US 9501843W WO 9625527 A1 WO9625527 A1 WO 9625527A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
alloy
aluminum
copper
nickel
weight
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US1995/001843
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Anna N. Bourkhina
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Caterpillar Inc
Original Assignee
Caterpillar Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Caterpillar Inc filed Critical Caterpillar Inc
Priority to JP8524909A priority Critical patent/JPH11500183A/ja
Priority to PCT/US1995/001843 priority patent/WO1996025527A1/fr
Priority to AU19185/95A priority patent/AU1918595A/en
Priority to US08/875,545 priority patent/US5925315A/en
Priority to EP95911720A priority patent/EP0809715A4/fr
Publication of WO1996025527A1 publication Critical patent/WO1996025527A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
    • C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/003—Alloys based on aluminium containing at least 2.6% of one or more of the elements: tin, lead, antimony, bismuth, cadmium, and titanium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
    • C22C21/14—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent with silicon

Definitions

  • This invention is directed to a cast aluminum, antifrictional alloy for bearings and general purpose applications, and a method for making the alloy.
  • the present invention relates generally to an aluminum-based alloy, and a method for producing an aluminum alloy having high wear resistance and superior anti-friction, characteristics.
  • the alloy of the present invention utilizes a composition and structure, containing hard and soft constituents, which makes it possible to reach the necessary compromise between wear- resistance, strength and anti-friction characteristics.
  • the present invention eliminates lead without significantly reducing the tribological characteristics of the alloy.
  • the alloy of the present invention has significantly reduced copper requirements compared to prior art alloys. Therefore, the costs of the alloy of the present invention are lower.
  • an aluminum -based alloy having the following base composition, in weight percent:
  • the alloy composition set forth above also includes cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni) or molybdenum (Mo), or a mixture of these, in the amount of 0.1 - 1.0 wt %. Traces of iron, up to 0.7 wt %, may also be present due to the dispersion of iron from the kiln in which the alloy is created.
  • the unique aluminum alloy of the invention has a composition and structure containing hard and soft constituents, making it possible to achieve the necessary balance between good wear-resistance, high strength and excellent anti-friction characteristics.
  • the resulting alloy includes hard structural constituents formed from the above components, which increase the alloy strength, hardness, fatigue resistance, plastic deformation, and wear resistance. These hard constituents include, for example. Si, Mg 2 Si, and CuAl 2 .
  • the alloy also includes soft constituents, for example, Sn and Bi, which decrease the friction coefficient, decrease the tendency to scuff and bond, and increase the alloy life under impaired lubrication conditions of friction surfaces and at a reduced thickness of oil layer.
  • the silicon present at the levels recited above for the alloy, also provides improved casting properties, due to the formation of an aluminum-silicon-eutectic with a melting temperature of 577C.
  • the silicon increases alloy hardness, as stated above, increases static and fatigue strength, and increases wear resistance.
  • Copper present at the levels recited above for the alloy, forms an intermetallic compound with the aluminum — CuAl 2 — which has a variable solubility in a solid aluminum-based solution at different temperatures and can enter into the composition of iron-containing phases, including binary, ternary and more complex eutectics. Copper thereby promotes the increase in hardness, increases static and fatigue strength, increases fracture toughness, and increases resistance to plastic deformation and wear.
  • Zinc present at the levels of an alloy of the present invention, is totally soluble in aluminum and does not form independent, separate phases, although it can be soluble in other phases. Zinc combines into alloys with tin and/or bismuth to form low melting eutectics of aluminum-zinc-tin or aluminum-zinc-tin- bismuth, having melting temperatures of which are within the ranges of 170-190C. These low melting eutectics considerably increase the anti-friction properties of an alloy of the present invention.
  • Magnesium present at the levels of an alloy of the present invention, mainly combines with silicon to - 4 - form an intermetallic compound, Mg 2 Si.
  • This compound's alloy strengthening effect is similar to that of CuAl 2 .
  • CuAl 2 to a greater extent increases the alloy fatigue strength at cyclic loads, while Mg 2 Si provides higher strengthing at static.
  • Mg 2 Si facilitates the product aluminum alloy' s machinability through cutting.
  • Tin and bismuth present at the levels of an alloy of the present invention, form in a monotectic type state with aluminum and do not dissolve, but mainly emanate to grain boundaries. These low melting point components reduce the alloy's friction coefficient and increase the alloy's resistance to scuffing and bonding in the contact areas of friction surfaces. This is accomplished by the formation of a submicroscopic film of pure tin and bismuth which diffuses onto the part surface as temperatures increase due to boundary or dry friction.
  • ingredients including nickel, molybdenum and/or cobalt can be introduced into the alloy composition.
  • Molybdenum and/or cobalt are also introduced to reduce iron negative influence on the alloy properties: iron usually crystallizes forming big needle- shaped crystals.
  • a preferred embodiment of the present invention has the following composition, in weight percent. silicon: 5.0 copper: 4.0 zinc: 2.0 magnesium: 0.4 nickel: 0.5 tin: 1.5 bismuth: 0.5 iron: 0.5 molybdenum: 0.3 cobalt: 0.3 aluminum: essentially the balance
  • the alloy of the present invention can be produced in an induction furnace having an initial capacity of thirty (30) kilograms. Aluminum can be placed in the furnace and the temperature can be increased to 700°C. Once the temperature of the induction furnace has stabilized, silicon cab be added to result in the product alloy having 3-6 wt % silicon and a feed alloy of copper can be added to result in 2-5 wt % copper in the product alloy of the invention.
  • Either a molybdenum, nickel or cobalt alloy may also be added. Then zinc and tin can be added in their pure form. Bismuth is also added.
  • the copper alloy added to result in the specified weight percent of aluminum can be a 50/50 copper and aluminum alloy.
  • the nickel alloy used to result in the specified weight percent can be 20% nickel and 80% aluminum.
  • the molybdenum alloy added to result in the specified weight percent, if used, can be 10% molybdenum and 90% aluminum.
  • the cobalt alloy, if added, can be 10% cobalt and 90% aluminum.
  • the temperature of the induction furnace is increased to 730°C and held between fifteen (15) and thirty (30) minutes.
  • the molten alloy blend can then be degassed and purified by adding fluorine or chloride tablets. Slag can then be removed. Once the slag is removed, magnesium can be added to the molten alloy. The molten alloy can then be degassed again.
  • the molten alloy can then be poured into iron casts that have been preheated to 100C.
  • the aluminum product can then be air cooled and cut into risers and gates.
  • a final heat treat at 180C for six to eight hours completes the process.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention porte sur un alliage antifriction d'aluminium ainsi que sur un procédé de production d'un alliage d'aluminium sans plomb. La composition de base de cet alliage, qui présente des caractéristiques tribologiques améliorées, est la suivante, en pourcentage pondéral: silicium 3.0 à 6,0, cuivre 2,0 à 5,0, zinc 0,5 à 5,0, magnésium 0,25 à 0,5, nickel 0,2 à 0,6, étain 0,5 à 5,0, bismuth 0,1 à 1,0, fer jusqu'à 0,7, le pourcentage restant étant essentiellement de l'aluminium.
PCT/US1995/001843 1995-02-14 1995-02-14 Alliage d'aluminium presentant des caracteristiques tribologiques ameliorees Ceased WO1996025527A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP8524909A JPH11500183A (ja) 1995-02-14 1995-02-14 改善された摩擦学的特性を有するアルミニウム合金
PCT/US1995/001843 WO1996025527A1 (fr) 1995-02-14 1995-02-14 Alliage d'aluminium presentant des caracteristiques tribologiques ameliorees
AU19185/95A AU1918595A (en) 1995-02-14 1995-02-14 Aluminum alloy with improved tribological characteristics
US08/875,545 US5925315A (en) 1995-02-14 1995-02-14 Aluminum alloy with improved tribological characteristics
EP95911720A EP0809715A4 (fr) 1995-02-14 1995-02-14 Alliage d'aluminium presentant des caracteristiques tribologiques ameliorees

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US1995/001843 WO1996025527A1 (fr) 1995-02-14 1995-02-14 Alliage d'aluminium presentant des caracteristiques tribologiques ameliorees

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1996025527A1 true WO1996025527A1 (fr) 1996-08-22

Family

ID=22248664

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US1995/001843 Ceased WO1996025527A1 (fr) 1995-02-14 1995-02-14 Alliage d'aluminium presentant des caracteristiques tribologiques ameliorees

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0809715A4 (fr)
JP (1) JPH11500183A (fr)
AU (1) AU1918595A (fr)
WO (1) WO1996025527A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2005038278A1 (fr) * 2003-09-20 2005-04-28 Ks Gleitlager Gmbh Matiere composite pour palier a glissement
WO2006074805A1 (fr) * 2005-01-13 2006-07-20 Ks Gleitlager Gmbh Materiau composite de palier lisse

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5522950A (en) * 1993-03-22 1996-06-04 Aluminum Company Of America Substantially lead-free 6XXX aluminum alloy

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4170469A (en) * 1977-08-09 1979-10-09 Daido Metal Company Ltd. Aluminum base bearing alloy and a composite bearing made of the alloy with a steel backing plate
US4452866A (en) * 1980-01-10 1984-06-05 Taiho Kogyo Co., Ltd. Aluminum-based alloy bearing
JPS59104448A (ja) * 1982-12-01 1984-06-16 Showa Alum Corp 切削工具寿命に優れた耐摩耗性アルミニウム合金
US5320803A (en) * 1989-03-24 1994-06-14 Comalco Aluminium Limited Process for making aluminum-lithium alloys of high toughness
US5405578A (en) * 1991-03-07 1995-04-11 Kb Alloys, Inc. Method for preparing master alloy hardeners for use in preparing an aluminum alloy

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS58117850A (ja) * 1981-12-29 1983-07-13 Showa Alum Ind Kk 接触部品用アルミニウム合金

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4170469A (en) * 1977-08-09 1979-10-09 Daido Metal Company Ltd. Aluminum base bearing alloy and a composite bearing made of the alloy with a steel backing plate
US4452866A (en) * 1980-01-10 1984-06-05 Taiho Kogyo Co., Ltd. Aluminum-based alloy bearing
JPS59104448A (ja) * 1982-12-01 1984-06-16 Showa Alum Corp 切削工具寿命に優れた耐摩耗性アルミニウム合金
US5320803A (en) * 1989-03-24 1994-06-14 Comalco Aluminium Limited Process for making aluminum-lithium alloys of high toughness
US5405578A (en) * 1991-03-07 1995-04-11 Kb Alloys, Inc. Method for preparing master alloy hardeners for use in preparing an aluminum alloy

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See also references of EP0809715A4 *

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2005038278A1 (fr) * 2003-09-20 2005-04-28 Ks Gleitlager Gmbh Matiere composite pour palier a glissement
US7601434B2 (en) 2003-09-20 2009-10-13 Ks Gleitlager Gmbh Plain bearing composite material
WO2006074805A1 (fr) * 2005-01-13 2006-07-20 Ks Gleitlager Gmbh Materiau composite de palier lisse

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH11500183A (ja) 1999-01-06
AU1918595A (en) 1996-09-04
EP0809715A4 (fr) 1999-06-09
EP0809715A1 (fr) 1997-12-03

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