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WO1996021909A1 - Procede de reduction des calculs informatiques lors de la generation d'images virtuelles - Google Patents

Procede de reduction des calculs informatiques lors de la generation d'images virtuelles Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1996021909A1
WO1996021909A1 PCT/SE1996/000012 SE9600012W WO9621909A1 WO 1996021909 A1 WO1996021909 A1 WO 1996021909A1 SE 9600012 W SE9600012 W SE 9600012W WO 9621909 A1 WO9621909 A1 WO 9621909A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
zone
image
calculated
point
generated
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/SE1996/000012
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Torbjörn GUSTAFSSON
Stan Zyra
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Forsvarets Forskningsanstalt
Forsvarets Forskningsanstalt (FOA)
Original Assignee
Forsvarets Forskningsanstalt
Forsvarets Forskningsanstalt (FOA)
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Forsvarets Forskningsanstalt, Forsvarets Forskningsanstalt (FOA) filed Critical Forsvarets Forskningsanstalt
Publication of WO1996021909A1 publication Critical patent/WO1996021909A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T15/00—3D [Three Dimensional] image rendering
    • G06T15/10—Geometric effects

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for reducing the computer calculations when generating virtual images.
  • This invention is based on the principle that image details which are redundant as regards the function of the vision are neither calculated nor displayed. As a result, the number of calculations required to produce virtual video images can be drasti ⁇ cally reduced.
  • this method implies that there is only one observer in front of the display device, since it is the observer's point of fixation, i.e. the centre of the observer's visual field, that controls the resolution and, hence, the exactitude of the calculations. This means that the detail resolution of the displayed image is a function of the resolution characteristics of the eye.
  • virtual reality also referred to as “cyberspace”
  • the user wears a helmet on his head, covering his eyes and ears.
  • the user may also carry a number of sensors on different parts of his body, sensing his movements and position.
  • the computer creates the illusion of an artificial world in the form of images (optionally three-dimensional ones) which are projected in front of the user's eyes by means of display devices, as well as stereo sound through earphones.
  • This technique has been developed by, inter alia, the US airforce and NASA.
  • One purpose of virtual reality is to create realistic simulators.
  • Fig. 1 illustrates the visual acuity of an eye at high luminance as a function of the horizontal angular distance from the fovea, and a three-step approximation thereof
  • Fig. 2 is a three-dimensional view of the approximation, presenting three zones
  • Fig. 3 shows an example of the surface exactitude in a generated image with respect to the point of observation of the eye.
  • the invention makes use of the fact that the human eye has a gradually poorer capacity to distinguish details in visual impressions according to their angular dis ⁇ tance from visual impressions falling straight at the area of the highest visual acuity, the fovea.
  • the visual acuity is shown as a function of the horizontal angu ⁇ lar distance from the fovea. It appears from this Figure that the eye is highly sensi ⁇ tive to spatial distinction within an area corresponding to ⁇ 1 degree in the horizontal direction of the visual field. This approximately goes for the vertical direction as well.
  • Fig. 1 thus includes a three-step approximation of the visual acuity. In the following, these three areas will be referred to as zone 1 , zone 2 and zone 3.
  • Fig. 2 illustrates how these three zones are distributed three-dimensionally when the observer's point of fixation is located at the centre of the image.
  • the "empty" space in the cube represents redundant image details. As appears from this Figure, a vast amount of image details need not be calculated or displayed.
  • the method according to the invention presupposes that the point of fixation of the eye in a projected image can be detected.
  • various equipment for performing the detection The observer may then sit in front of some kind of display device. It is particularly simple to detect the point of fixation when the user is wear ⁇ ing a helmet of the type employed in connection with "virtual reality". This helmet is a natural attachment for the detection apparatus. In addition, this disposes of the source of error that may arise in systems where the apparatus is not fixed to the user's head.
  • zone 1 For exemplifying purposes, the visual field in the Figures referred to in this applica ⁇ tion has been divided into three zones. In actual practice, use may conveniently be made of more than three zones.
  • the area with full resolution is roughly described by zone 1, taking up 10°x 10° of the image (see Figs 1 and 2). At a certain distance outside this area, the capacity to distinguish details is much poorer.
  • zone 2 This latter area is roughly described by zone 2, taking up 40° x 40° of the image, minus the area of zone 1.
  • zone 2 the computer is obliged to calculate details with a 1/16 surface exactitude.
  • zone 3 In the remainder of the image, i.e. the image minus zones 1 and 2, which is referred to as zone 3, the computer is obliged to calculate details with a 1/256 surface exactitude.
  • zones described in this example are square, they may also, when use is made of refined techniques, be round or oval so as to better suit the function of the eye.
  • Fig. 3 illustrates how the surface exactitude can be reduced with an increasing distance to the point of fixation.
  • the image in the Figure takes up 120° x 75° of the visual field.
  • the computer produces these toroids with different degrees of resolution, depending on where the toroids are located in relation to the point of fixation of the eye.
  • Those parts of the toroids that are situated in zone 1 are rendered in great detail, those parts of the toroids that are situated in zone 2 are rendered in less detail, and those parts of the toroids that are situated in zone 3 are rendered in least detail.
  • the computer contains informa ⁇ tion on the "objects" that are to be rendered in the virtual image, their positions, shapes, sizes, colours, manner of illumination, and so forth. On the basis of this information, the computer calculates the appearance of the image. In all generation of virtual images, the computer is able to calculate the image with a varying wealth of detail. The more detailed the rendition is, the longer the time it takes for the com- puter to calculate the details. The new thing about the invention is that, in the generation of an image, the computer calculates the image with a varying wealth of detail in different parts, as controlled by the observer's momentary point of fixation.
  • the computer calculates the entire image with the resolution according to zone 3 and stores this information (part image 3) in an image memory. 2.
  • the computer calculates the image described by zone 2 (including zone 1) with the resolution according to zone 2 and stores this information (part image 2) in an image memory.
  • the computer calculates the image described by zone 1 with the resolution according to zone 1 and stores this information (part image 1) in an image memory.
  • the computer generates a new image of these three part images, in which part image 1 takes precedence over part image 2, which in turn takes precedence over part image 3.
  • the capacity to distinguish different density levels decreases in a manner similar to that of the detail vision. This fact may be used for reducing the number of steps of the grey scales employed. Likewise, the number of levels in the definition of various colour components may also be reduced.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Computer Graphics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Processing Or Creating Images (AREA)
  • Controls And Circuits For Display Device (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de réduction des calculs informatiques lors de la génération d'images virtuelles. Ce procédé repose sur le principe que les détails d'image redondants pour ce qui concerne la fonction de vision ne sont ni calculés ni affichés. Pour ce faire, l'orientation des yeux d'un observateur est captée et utilisée comme base de calcul du point de l'image fixé momentanément par l'observateur. Au moins une zone de l'image est définie avec le point fixé comme point central, et, si une pluralité de zones est définie, ces dernières sont de taille croissante. Les données d'image dans la zone la plus petite sont calculées et générées avec une résolution élevée, et les données d'image dans chaque zone plus grande sont calculées et générées avec une résolution de plus en plus faible, les données d'image dans l'image à l'extérieur de la zone la plus grande étant finalement calculées et générées avec la résolution la plus faible.
PCT/SE1996/000012 1995-01-10 1996-01-10 Procede de reduction des calculs informatiques lors de la generation d'images virtuelles Ceased WO1996021909A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE9500035A SE502975C2 (sv) 1995-01-10 1995-01-10 Sätt att minska datorberäkningar vid generering av virtuella bilder
SE9500035-2 1995-01-10

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1996021909A1 true WO1996021909A1 (fr) 1996-07-18

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/SE1996/000012 Ceased WO1996021909A1 (fr) 1995-01-10 1996-01-10 Procede de reduction des calculs informatiques lors de la generation d'images virtuelles

Country Status (2)

Country Link
SE (1) SE502975C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO1996021909A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110728744A (zh) * 2018-07-16 2020-01-24 青岛海信电器股份有限公司 一种体绘制方法、装置及智能设备

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3603552C2 (fr) * 1985-02-06 1987-09-17 Rca Corp., Princeton, N.J., Us

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3603552C2 (fr) * 1985-02-06 1987-09-17 Rca Corp., Princeton, N.J., Us

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110728744A (zh) * 2018-07-16 2020-01-24 青岛海信电器股份有限公司 一种体绘制方法、装置及智能设备
CN110728744B (zh) * 2018-07-16 2023-09-19 海信视像科技股份有限公司 一种体绘制方法、装置及智能设备

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SE9500035L (sv) 1996-03-04
SE502975C2 (sv) 1996-03-04
SE9500035D0 (sv) 1995-01-10

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