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WO1996015559A1 - Systeme de conversion de l'energie solaire en electricite avec focalisation par reflecteurs multiples - Google Patents

Systeme de conversion de l'energie solaire en electricite avec focalisation par reflecteurs multiples Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1996015559A1
WO1996015559A1 PCT/US1994/013375 US9413375W WO9615559A1 WO 1996015559 A1 WO1996015559 A1 WO 1996015559A1 US 9413375 W US9413375 W US 9413375W WO 9615559 A1 WO9615559 A1 WO 9615559A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
mirrors
supporting
tertiary
photovoltaic component
rotation
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US1994/013375
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Walter R. Lamb
John E. Lawrence
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Energy Systems Solar Inc
Original Assignee
Energy Systems Solar Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Energy Systems Solar Inc filed Critical Energy Systems Solar Inc
Priority to PCT/US1994/013375 priority Critical patent/WO1996015559A1/fr
Priority to AU15502/95A priority patent/AU1550295A/en
Publication of WO1996015559A1 publication Critical patent/WO1996015559A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
    • H10F77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
    • H10F77/60—Arrangements for cooling, heating, ventilating or compensating for temperature fluctuations
    • H10F77/63—Arrangements for cooling directly associated or integrated with photovoltaic cells, e.g. heat sinks directly associated with the photovoltaic cells or integrated Peltier elements for active cooling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
    • F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
    • F24S23/77—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors with flat reflective plates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
    • F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
    • F24S23/79—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors with spaced and opposed interacting reflective surfaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S30/00—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules
    • F24S30/40—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules for rotary movement
    • F24S30/42—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules for rotary movement with only one rotation axis
    • F24S30/425—Horizontal axis
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
    • H10F77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
    • H10F77/40—Optical elements or arrangements
    • H10F77/42—Optical elements or arrangements directly associated or integrated with photovoltaic cells, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
    • H10F77/488—Reflecting light-concentrating means, e.g. parabolic mirrors or concentrators using total internal reflection
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/47—Mountings or tracking
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators

Definitions

  • This invention relates generally to systems that generate electricity from the concentration of sunlight onto a photovoltaic semiconductor device, and more particularly to a low cost retrofitable multiple reflector system that can be modified on location to accommodate upgrades to its functional components.
  • Sunlight is a never ending source of energy that is available for conversion to electric power.
  • the commercialization of solar electric power systems would avoid the disadvantages of other energy sources, such as air pollution, acid rain, the ozone problem, and nuclear waste.
  • the cost of solar electric power has been too high to compete effectively with other types of electrical power generation, except in those relatively few instances where other types of commercially available power are not available, such as in remote locations.
  • the scientific principles of folded optics are used to advantage in a solar energy system.
  • the expense of components such as curved primary reflectors and wavelength dispersion by prisms as described by Stephan R. Clark in U.S. Patent 4350837 is completely avoided.
  • the complex, non-common axes of reflections and lack of secondary reflection to provide linear arrays of photovoltaic convertors for high power and efficiency of the R. Michael Martha U.S. Patent 4716258 are avoided.
  • a solar concentrator or a solar electric power system in which all functionally active system components have common axes.
  • common axes means the axes or long dimensions of components are parallel.
  • Such system components include for example, single or multiple reflectors which concentrate the sunlight, one or more photovoltaic components which convert the concentrated solar energy to electrical energy, and one or more heat dissipation components which maintain the photovoltaic components sufficiently cooled to prevent their destruction, deterioration, or a decrease in their efficiency.
  • the common axes feature permits each of the following: the retrofitting of system components having a non-original size, the use of a single or dual axis tracker of low alignment tolerance, and the use of low cost manufacturing concepts.
  • This invention describes a light concentration scheme that utilizes multiple reflectors that have a common axes so that these reflectors can be adjusted to accommodate changes in the size of upgraded photovoltaic components, can be replaced with upgraded reflectors as a means of sustaining or enhancing the peak output of the system, and can be composed or can be adjusted to regulate the amount of sunlight concentration.
  • These reflector/ concentrators can be treated with or incorporate a UV light modifying material to enhance the reliability of the photovoltaic components.
  • This invention applies to the system design features that permit the photovoltaic component to be selectively replaced with upgraded parts, even those having a different size from the original. This is made possible by the network of reflector/concentrators having the same axis as the photovoltaic component.
  • This invention describes a heat dissipation component that uses either or both active modes of conduction (e.g. a heat pump) and passive modes of Conduction (i.e. natural convection and radiation) , thus requiring no moving parts.
  • active modes of conduction e.g. a heat pump
  • passive modes of Conduction i.e. natural convection and radiation
  • the heat dissipating component has the same axis as the other active system components.
  • the common axes feature of the design makes possible the use of low cost manufacturing concepts such as the use of extruded parts, the use of flat plate reflector materials, and the retrofit expansion and modification of the power system using the same tracker.
  • FIG. 1 is a functional schematic representation of one embodiment of a solar electric power system constructed in accordance with the teachings of this invention which includes one multiple reflector concentrator module with all functional components aligned to common axes;
  • FIG. 2 is a functional schematic representation of one embodiment of a solar electric power system constructed in accordance with the teachings of this invention which includes six multiple reflector concentrator modules with all functional components aligned to common axes and supported by a single pedestal;
  • FIG. 3 is a cross sectional schematic representation of the functional components of one embodiment of the structure of Figure 1 which is configured to use three functional groups of reflectors;
  • FIG. 4 depicts one embodiment of a fixture constructed in accordance with the teachings of this invention which holds the retrofitable primary reflectors of the embodiment of Figure 3 in place and at the angle required to concentrate the sunlight to a focal line above the plane of the primary reflectors where the secondary reflectors or photovoltaic components may be positioned;
  • FIG. 5 illustrates one embodiment of a dual secondary reflector of Figure 3, which allows the secondary reflectors to be retrofitted and orientation- adjusted to provide for a different width of reflected light beam focused to the photovoltaic components near the vicinity of the primary reflectors;
  • FIG. 6 is a cross sectional schematic representation of one embodiment of a system constructed in accordance with the teachings of this invention depicting the adjustable and retrofitable system components near the photovoltaic cells;
  • FIG. 7 is a cross sectional schematic representation of one embodiment of a system constructed in accordance with the teachings of this invention depicting fixtures at the upper and lower ends of the solar electric component .
  • FIG. 1 is a functional schematic representation of one embodiment of a multiple reflector concentrator solar electric power systems constructed in accordance with the teachings of this invention, which is attached to a single or dual axis tracker supported by pedestal 1 placed in earth 2.
  • a single or dual axis tracker control (not shown, but which may be of well known design such as those tracker control units which are commercially available, e.g. from Peerless Winsmith) keeps the sunlight focused on the line of the system's photovoltaic components 3 that lie on common axes 4 of multiple reflector concentrators 5, 6, and 8.
  • the major functional system components such as primary reflector 6, secondary reflectors 5, tertiary reflectors 8, photovoltaic component 3, and heat dissipation component 9 are each mounted along common axes 4. Mounting these functioning components along a common axes is a key feature of this invention, which makes possible the system's (a) reliable peak performance through the option to replace degraded or non-state of the art functional components with advanced components even if they are of a different size than the original components being replaced, (b) low cost manufacturing through the use of extruded parts and flat plate standard products, and (c) use of a single or dual axis tracker having a high alignment tolerance.
  • the system's reflector concentration can be altered simply by the disengagement of one or more individual primary reflectors. This may become an important performance criteria of future advanced photovoltaic components which can easily be retrofitted into the system of this invention.
  • the reflectors may be made of glass, metal, or polymer materials so long as they satisfy the high reflectivity, mechanical integrity, optical reliability, light frequency filtration, and cost objectives of the system.
  • FIG. 2 is a functional schematic representation of one embodiment of a multiple reflector solar electric power system constructed in accordance with the teachings of this invention that identifies the parallel arrangements of six identical modules supported by a single pedestal 1.
  • a multiple array of modules, in which each module is structured as shown in Figure 1, can have any number of modules as required to satisfy a system power output and cost optimization requirement.
  • Several of the module components in Figure 1 are identified in Figure 2: primary reflectors 6, secondary reflectors 5, heat dissipation component 9, and displacement arms 10.
  • FIG. 3 is a cross sectional schematic representation of the functional, and retrofitable, components of the embodiment of Figure 1 when energized by the sun's light rays 11.
  • the sun's rays 11 first reach a plane 7 of individual primary reflectors 6 (which may be flat or curved) then are reflected to the location of secondary reflectors 5 (which may be flat or curved) , then are reflected past tertiary reflectors 8, then pass through an optional cover plate 12, then reach photovoltaic component 3 which is attached to mount 13 which is attached to heat dissipation component 9.
  • the electrical energy generated by photovoltaic component 3 passes through wires 14.
  • the placement of individual primary reflectors 6 in a plane 7 provides for low cost manufacturing methodologies.
  • each individual primary reflector 6 is fixed to allow the sunlight to be reflected and concentrated, to the location of secondary reflectors 5 above plane 7 of primary reflectors 6.
  • the amount of light concentration can be easily adjusted by inserting or removing one or more primary reflectors 6.
  • the ability to increase the sunlight magnification is a unique feature of the concentrator system design taught by this invention, which can be activated during the seasons when sunlight intensity is less.
  • Primary reflectors 6 are retrofitable so that their peak functional performance can be assured during the full life of the concentrator's use.
  • Secondary reflectors 5 further reflect, and thus concentrate, the sunlight back to the near vicinity of primary reflectors 6 where tertiary reflectors 8 are located. Secondary reflectors 5 are adjustable so as to control the width of the light beam that reaches tertiary reflectors 8. This provides the concentrator system with a retrofitable feature that allows for the width of photovoltaic component 3 to be changed during the years of system operating life. A change in the width of photovoltaic component 3 may be required to upgrade the multiple reflector concentrator solar electric power system to use advanced photovoltaic cells that are yet to be designed. Such advanced photovoltaic cells may have a superior solar conversion efficiency or operating reliability.
  • Tertiary reflectors 8 are retrofittable and adjustable to provide a concentrator system constructed in accordance with this invention with assured extended operating life.
  • the retrofittable feature provides for the future use of reflector materials that have a superior quality or shape.
  • the sunlight 11 that passes tertiary reflectors 8 passes through an optional cover plate 12 that can be used to alter the UV segment of the light spectrum so as to improve the reliability of photovoltaic component 3 and improve the output of electricity from photovoltaic component 3.
  • Cover plate 12 can also improve the reliability of the photovoltaic component 3 by restricting the incidence of unfavorable environmental factors such as rain and dust.
  • Cover plate 12 is more easily cleaned and/or replaced, than is photovoltaic component 3.
  • the retrofitable feature of cover plate 12 makes it possible to begin the concentrator's operating life with a cover plate 12 that addresses the UV problem during that period when the available photovoltaic cells 3 are vulnerable to UV degradation, and later replace cover plate 12 with a cover plate having different spectral transmissivity when new generations of photovoltaic products 3 are available which are not vulnerable to the UV segment of the light spectrum.
  • Individual reflectors 5, 6, 8 of the concentrator can also be made to possess a UV light modifying feature.
  • the light that passes through the location of cover plate 12 reaches photovoltaic component 3 that converts sunlight 11 to electrical and heat energy.
  • the electrical energy is passed through wires 14 leading from photovoltaic component 3.
  • Photovoltaic component 3 is attached to mount 13 that provides physical support to photovoltaic component 3 and transfers the heat energy to heat dissipation component 9.
  • Photovoltaic component 3 and its associated mount 13 are retrofitable in accordance with the teachings of this invention, which permits the system to sustain maximum performance through the system's operating life.
  • Replacement components can be introduced to overcome degraded parts or to simply take advantage of newer parts that evolve from advancing technologies.
  • This system is designed to accept replacement photovoltaic component 3 and mount 13 of a size different from the original which greatly expands the opportunity to maintain the multiple reflector concentrator solar electric power system at a state of the art performance output.
  • the performance of photovoltaic component 3 decreases as the cell temperature increases, and thus heat dissipation component 9 performs an important function.
  • heat dissipation component 9 as a passive agent that cools by radiation, convection, and conduction through the use of no moving parts.
  • the surface area of the extended fins is the dominant factor controlling the rate of heat dissipation.
  • heat dissipation component 9 is located in the shade provided by primary reflectors 6. This further enhances the effectiveness of heat dissipation component 9.
  • Heat dissipation component 9 is retrofitable and expandable to be compatible with the size changes that may be made in photovoltaic component 3 and mount 13. Passive heat dissipation component 9 illustrated in FIG. 3, and described above can be replaced by an active coolant transfer system without deleteriously affecting the functional performance or scope of this invention.
  • FIG. 4 depicts one embodiment of a fixture for holding primary reflectors 6, which includes structural frame 15, individual reflector rails 16, reflector positioning fixtures 17 and individual reflectors 6.
  • Structural frame 15 is positioned at the two ends of the network of primary reflectors 6 which lie in a plane 7 as illustrated earlier in Figure 1.
  • the angle of each primary reflector 6 relative to other system components is determined by the orientation of the primary reflec ⁇ tor's rail 16 along which primary reflector 6 can be slid in, or removed, as would be required to perform a retrofit or reduction in the system's design concen ⁇ tration.
  • Rails 16 can be straight or curved to comply with the shape of primary reflectors 6. Reflector rails 16 have stopping devices 17 that assure that primary reflectors 6 are positioned exactly when being installed or retrofitted.
  • FIG. 3 depicts the secondary reflector 5 being placed at the focal line of primary reflectors 6.
  • FIG. l shows secondary reflectors 5 as being held in place by dis- placement arms 10 which are attached to primary reflector frame 15.
  • Secondary reflector 5 can consist of one or more curved reflectors.
  • FIG. 3 depicts a dual secondary reflector 5 configuration which permits the adjustment of secondary reflector angle to change the width of the reflected light beam as it reaches the vicinity of photovoltaic component 3 located near the frame upon which are mounted primary reflectors 6.
  • individual primary reflectors 6 are positioned along a common center line, which is a feature favorable to allowing the assembly to be manufactured at low cost.
  • FIG. 5 shows one embodiment of dual secondary reflector component 5 of Figure 3 in more detail. While a dual secondary reflector component 5 is shown in Figures 3 and 5, it is to be understood that a single secondary reflector component may be used in accordance with the teachings of this invention.
  • Displacement arms 10 hold secondary reflector apparatus 18 in place.
  • Railings 19, which hold secondary reflectors 5 in position and permit their retrofitting, are shown in cross section at the ends of secondary reflectors 5.
  • Adjustment fixtures 20 are positioned to alter the angle of secondary reflectors 5, utilizing hinge 28 connecting railing 19 with an associated arm 27 of adjustment fixture 20, thus allowing the secondary reflector's transmitted beam width to be controlled.
  • the width of the transmitted beam can also be controlled by extending the width of the primary and secondary reflectors or by modifying the angle of curvature of the secondary reflectors.
  • FIG. 6 is an end view schematic representation showing, for one embodiment of this invention, the relationship of several system components located in the near vicinity of photovoltaic component 3.
  • One funda ⁇ mental feature of the system components shown in Figure 6 is the consistent provision in the design that permits the system to be adjusted to accommodate retrofitted components of size different from the original.
  • photovoltaic component 3 is shown as a matrix of individual photovoltaic cells. The photovoltaic cells are shown to be attached to mount 13. Electrical wires or bars 14 that transmit the electricity from photovoltaic component are shown at the ends of photovoltaic component 3.
  • Heat dissipation component 9 is shown to be attached to photovoltaic component mount 13. Heat dissipation component 9 is illustrated as comprising two center sections and two edge sections.
  • the cost of the system can be kept low at its original construction and during its retrofitting of different sized components by designing in the use of standard products such as modular end and center sections of heat dissipation component 9.
  • the width of heat dissipation component 9 can be increased to comply with an increase in the width of photovoltaic component 3 by simply inserting an additional center section module to heat dissipation component 9.
  • a common fixture 21 is shown that holds in position cover slide 12, photovoltaic component 3, mount 13, heat dissipation component 9, and tertiary reflectors 8.
  • Common support fixture 21 can be repositioned in its contact to primary reflector frame 15 to accommodate changes in the size of retrofitable components.
  • a change in the width of the system components may require an adjustment to the angle of tertiary reflectors 8.
  • Tertiary reflectors 8 may be retrofitted during the operating life of the concentrator system. Tertiary reflectors 8 are mounted along railings 23 which permit an easy low cost capability for retrofitting.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic representation showing, for one embodiment of this invention, the relationship of several of the components of the system shown in Figure 6 in a side view cross section.
  • the components shown in Figure 6 include: tertiary reflector 8, cover plate 12, photovoltaic component 3, photovoltaic component mount 13, heat dissipation component 9, and tertiary reflector railing.
  • the "L" fixture 24, which can be part of fixture 21 as shown in FIG. 6, located at the ends of the system components provides both physical and environmental protection to the system's active components.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système de conversion de l'énergie solaire en électricité pourvu de réflecteurs multiples (5), (6), (8) pour focaliser la lumière sur un panneau de cellules photovoltaïques (3). Le système constitué par les réflecteurs multiples, des cellules PV (3) et un dispositif pour dissiper la chaleur (9), est monté sur un dispositif suiveur qui maintient le système orienté vers le soleil. Un trait caractéristique important de ce système est qu'on peut installer des réflecteurs, des composantes PV et des dissipateurs de chaleur plus performants durant la vie utile du système, au cours des années. Le système est conçu pour utiliser des composantes bon marché et il est peu onéreux à assembler. Le système peut utiliser un dispositif suiveur à un axe ou à deux axes et le refroidissement peut être du type actif ou passif.
PCT/US1994/013375 1994-11-16 1994-11-16 Systeme de conversion de l'energie solaire en electricite avec focalisation par reflecteurs multiples Ceased WO1996015559A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US1994/013375 WO1996015559A1 (fr) 1994-11-16 1994-11-16 Systeme de conversion de l'energie solaire en electricite avec focalisation par reflecteurs multiples
AU15502/95A AU1550295A (en) 1994-11-16 1994-11-16 Multiple reflector concentrator solar electric power system

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US1994/013375 WO1996015559A1 (fr) 1994-11-16 1994-11-16 Systeme de conversion de l'energie solaire en electricite avec focalisation par reflecteurs multiples

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1996015559A1 true WO1996015559A1 (fr) 1996-05-23

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PCT/US1994/013375 Ceased WO1996015559A1 (fr) 1994-11-16 1994-11-16 Systeme de conversion de l'energie solaire en electricite avec focalisation par reflecteurs multiples

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WO (1) WO1996015559A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2007056987A1 (fr) * 2005-11-15 2007-05-24 Durlum-Leuchten Gmbh Lichttechnische Spezialfabrik Recouvrement de cellules solaires
CN100413095C (zh) * 2006-06-22 2008-08-20 集美大学 立体多层次光伏发电聚光器
WO2024032851A1 (fr) * 2022-08-10 2024-02-15 Frenell Ip Gmbh Réflecteur secondaire

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3986021A (en) * 1975-10-24 1976-10-12 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Passive solar tracking system for steerable Fresnel elements
US4234354A (en) * 1979-04-20 1980-11-18 Lidorenko Nikolai S Solar power unit
US4263895A (en) * 1977-10-17 1981-04-28 Sanders Associates, Inc. Solar energy receiver

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3986021A (en) * 1975-10-24 1976-10-12 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Passive solar tracking system for steerable Fresnel elements
US4263895A (en) * 1977-10-17 1981-04-28 Sanders Associates, Inc. Solar energy receiver
US4234354A (en) * 1979-04-20 1980-11-18 Lidorenko Nikolai S Solar power unit

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2007056987A1 (fr) * 2005-11-15 2007-05-24 Durlum-Leuchten Gmbh Lichttechnische Spezialfabrik Recouvrement de cellules solaires
CN100413095C (zh) * 2006-06-22 2008-08-20 集美大学 立体多层次光伏发电聚光器
WO2024032851A1 (fr) * 2022-08-10 2024-02-15 Frenell Ip Gmbh Réflecteur secondaire

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Publication number Publication date
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