WO1996012979A1 - A guided radiation receiver assembly and a radiation delivery waveguide for use therewith - Google Patents
A guided radiation receiver assembly and a radiation delivery waveguide for use therewith Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1996012979A1 WO1996012979A1 PCT/US1995/013110 US9513110W WO9612979A1 WO 1996012979 A1 WO1996012979 A1 WO 1996012979A1 US 9513110 W US9513110 W US 9513110W WO 9612979 A1 WO9612979 A1 WO 9612979A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- radiation
- transparent
- radiation delivery
- delivery waveguide
- waveguide
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/032—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating with non solid core or cladding
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
- F24S23/12—Light guides
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
Definitions
- the invention relates to a waveguide for the transmission of guided radiation from a medium with a high refraction index to a medium with a lower refraction index.
- the waveguide according to the invention is in particular suitable for the delivery of concentrated sunlight into a solar receiver, but may also be used in radio telescopes, fiber optics waveguides and the like.
- a radiation delivery waveguide of the kind to which the present invention refers is, inter alia, described in PCT/US95/04915, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
- the radiation delivery waveguide described in PCT/US95/04915 is used in a guided radiation receiver assembly comprising a first transparent medium with a first refraction index n_ and a receiver chamber having an aperture and holding a second transparent medium having a second refraction index n 2 .
- the waveguide is transparent and has a third refraction index n 3 substantially equal to or greater than n ⁇ .
- the transparent radiation delivery waveguide has a first, radiation intake portion in optical contact with the first transparent medium and held tightly within the aperture, and a second tapered radiation delivery portion of non-circular cross-sectional shape, projecting into the receiver chamber.
- the radiation delivery waveguide described above is particularly advantageous for use in the field of solar energy transfer, specifically for transferring concentrated radiation from optical concentration systems to a solar receiver.
- the radiation delivery waveguide as well as the concentrator constituting the first transparent medium is made of a solid transparent medium, particularly of fused silica.
- the radiation delivery waveguide will have such dimensions that if made of solid transparent material it will be e.xtremely heavy and expensive.
- a guided radiation receiver assembly comprising a first transparent medium with a first refraction index n 1; a receiver chamber having an aperture and holding a second transparent medium having a second refraction index n 2 , and a transparent radiation delivery waveguide having a third refraction index n 3 substantially equal to or greater than n 1; which transparent radiation delivery waveguide has a first, radiation intake portion in optical contact with said O 96/12979 PCMJS95/13110
- said radiation delivery waveguide consists of a transparent vessel holding a transparent liquid medium.
- the refraction index n 3 is that of the vessel.
- the invention further provides a radiation delivery waveguide having a tapered radiation delivery portion of non-circular cross-sectional shape comprising a transparent housing holding a transparent liquid medium.
- the first transparent medium is a solar light concentrator made integral with said waveguide.
- the radiation delivery waveguide and concentrator preferably form together a single vessel holding a single body of transparent liquid medium.
- the radiation delivery waveguide may be linked to a heat exchanger for heat withdrawal from the transparent liquid medium therein.
- the vessel of the radiation delivery waveguide according to the invention may be of any suitable radiation-resistant material, e.g. fused silica. Due to the relatively small width of the vessel walls and the relatively low density and price of the transparent liquid medium as compared to fused silica or similar materials, the radiation delivery guide in accordance with the present invention is of a relatively low weight and inexpensive. Furthermore, in accordance with the invention the radiation delivery portion of the waveguide may hold additional elements made of transparent material having an index of refraction different from that of the liquid so as to interfere with a generally circular manner of radiation propagation inside the radiation delivery waveguide and thereby allow for a more effective light extraction into the receiver. Such elements may be in the form of transparent solid rods or cylindrical hollow components, either empty or filled with liquid.
- An assembly for receiving a concentrated radiation shown in the drawing comprises a receiver chamber 1 with a circular aperture 2 holding a transparent radiation delivery waveguide 3 having a first, cylindrical intake section 4 and a second, tapered radiation delivery section 5 of a non-circular cross-sectional shape.
- Intake section 4 fits snugly into aperture 2 and is integral with a tubular concentrator 6.
- the walls 7 of receiver chamber 1 are transparent and they are surrounded by a solar absorber body 8.
- the shape of the radiation delivery waveguide according to the present invention is essentially the same as described in PCT/US 95/04915.
- the radiation delivery waveguide 3 and concentrator 6 are in the form of a single transparent vessel 9 holding a single body of transparent liquid medium 10.
- the vessel 9 is made of solid material, e.g. quartz which is stable to long light exposure.
- the vessel of the radiation delivery waveguide according to the invention may be of any other suitable radiation-resistant material. Due to the relatively small width of the vessel walls and the relatively low density and price of the transparent liquid medium as compared to fused silica or similar materials, the radiation delivery waveguide in accordance with the present invention is of a relatively low weight and inexpensive.
- the liquid medium 10 may, for example, be an organic fluid having a refraction index of 1.33 to 1.6, such as a fluorinated saturated hydrocarbon.
- Saturated fluorinated hydrocarbons are transparent in the near UV spectral range and enable elimination of vibrational and overtone absorption in the visible and IR spectral ranges, as a result of replacement of C-H bonds by C-F bonds.
- the liquid medium may be a molten inorganic salt. If desired, the liquid medium of the delivery waveguide and concentrator may be replaced from time to time.
- the radiation delivery portion of the waveguide may hold additional elements made of transparent material having an index of refraction different from that of the liquid so as to interfere with a generally circular manner of radiation propagation inside the radiation delivery waveguide and thereby allow for a more effective light extraction into the receiver.
- Such elements may be in the form of transparent solid rods or cylindrical hollow components, either empty or filled with liquid.
- the radiation receiver assembly is part of a solar energy plant and the receiver chamber either holds directly an energy conversion device such as a solar radiation absorber, a light/electricity transducer, a chemical reactor and the like; or else is made of transparent walls with any such energy conversion devices on the outside.
- the present invention may be used quite generally in cases where it is required to extract radiation from a transparent element made of a material with a high refraction index, into a transparent element having a lower index of refraction, and where the controllable, particularly high, power density is required.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
A transparent radiation delivery waveguide (3) and a guided radiation receiver assembly (1, 7) using the same, which assembly comprises a first transparent medium (6) with a first refraction index n1, a receiver chamber (1) having an aperture (2) and holding a second transparent medium (7) having a second refraction index n2, and the transparent radiation delivery waveguide (3) having a third refraction index n3 substantially equal to or greater than n1. The radiation delivery waveguide (3) consists of a transparent vessel (9) holding a transparent liquid medium (10) and has a first radiation intake portion in optical contact with the first transparent medium (6) and held tightly within the aperture (2) of the receiver chamber (1), and a second, tapered radiation delivery portion of non-circular cross-sectional shape, projecting into the receiver chamber (1).
Description
A GUIDED RADIATION RECEIVER ASSEMBLY AND A RADIATION DELIVERY WAVEGUIDE FOR USE THEREWITH
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to a waveguide for the transmission of guided radiation from a medium with a high refraction index to a medium with a lower refraction index. The waveguide according to the invention is in particular suitable for the delivery of concentrated sunlight into a solar receiver, but may also be used in radio telescopes, fiber optics waveguides and the like.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION A radiation delivery waveguide of the kind to which the present invention refers is, inter alia, described in PCT/US95/04915, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
The radiation delivery waveguide described in PCT/US95/04915 is used in a guided radiation receiver assembly comprising a first transparent medium with a first refraction index n_ and a receiver chamber having an aperture and holding a second transparent medium having a second refraction index n2. The waveguide is transparent and has a third refraction index n3 substantially equal to or greater than nα. The transparent radiation delivery waveguide has a first, radiation intake portion in optical contact
with the first transparent medium and held tightly within the aperture, and a second tapered radiation delivery portion of non-circular cross-sectional shape, projecting into the receiver chamber.
Due to the specific design of the above radiation delivery waveguide, total and Fresnel reflections of the transmitted radiation at the waveguide/second transparent medium boundary inside the receiver chamber are minimized and extraction of the delivered radiation is maximized.
The radiation delivery waveguide described above is particularly advantageous for use in the field of solar energy transfer, specifically for transferring concentrated radiation from optical concentration systems to a solar receiver. In this case, the radiation delivery waveguide as well as the concentrator constituting the first transparent medium, is made of a solid transparent medium, particularly of fused silica. However, calculations show that with large scale solar energy systems and, consequently, large scale receivers, the radiation delivery waveguide will have such dimensions that if made of solid transparent material it will be e.xtremely heavy and expensive.
It is accordingly the object of the present invention to provide an improved, less expensive radiation delivery waveguide, and a radiation delivery assembly using such a waveguide.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In accordance with the invention there is provided a guided radiation receiver assembly comprising a first transparent medium with a first refraction index n1; a receiver chamber having an aperture and holding a second transparent medium having a second refraction index n2, and a transparent radiation delivery waveguide having a third refraction index n3 substantially equal to or greater than n1; which transparent radiation delivery waveguide has a first, radiation intake portion in optical contact with said
O 96/12979 PCMJS95/13110
- 3 -
first transparent medium and held tightly within said aperture, and a second, tapered radiation delivery portion of non-circular cross-sectional shape, projecting into the receiver chamber, wherein said radiation delivery waveguide consists of a transparent vessel holding a transparent liquid medium.
In accordance with the present invention, for the purposes of light extraction, the refraction index n3 is that of the vessel.
The invention further provides a radiation delivery waveguide having a tapered radiation delivery portion of non-circular cross-sectional shape comprising a transparent housing holding a transparent liquid medium.
By one embodiment, the first transparent medium is a solar light concentrator made integral with said waveguide. In such an embodiment the radiation delivery waveguide and concentrator preferably form together a single vessel holding a single body of transparent liquid medium. If desired, the radiation delivery waveguide may be linked to a heat exchanger for heat withdrawal from the transparent liquid medium therein.
The vessel of the radiation delivery waveguide according to the invention may be of any suitable radiation-resistant material, e.g. fused silica. Due to the relatively small width of the vessel walls and the relatively low density and price of the transparent liquid medium as compared to fused silica or similar materials, the radiation delivery guide in accordance with the present invention is of a relatively low weight and inexpensive. Furthermore, in accordance with the invention the radiation delivery portion of the waveguide may hold additional elements made of transparent material having an index of refraction different from that of the liquid so as to interfere with a generally circular manner of radiation propagation inside the radiation delivery waveguide and thereby allow for
a more effective light extraction into the receiver. Such elements may be in the form of transparent solid rods or cylindrical hollow components, either empty or filled with liquid.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
For better understanding the invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the annexed drawing which shows a cross-sectional view of a radiation receiving assembly according to the invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
An assembly for receiving a concentrated radiation, shown in the drawing comprises a receiver chamber 1 with a circular aperture 2 holding a transparent radiation delivery waveguide 3 having a first, cylindrical intake section 4 and a second, tapered radiation delivery section 5 of a non-circular cross-sectional shape. Intake section 4 fits snugly into aperture 2 and is integral with a tubular concentrator 6. The walls 7 of receiver chamber 1 are transparent and they are surrounded by a solar absorber body 8.
It should be noted that the shape of the radiation delivery waveguide according to the present invention, the construction of the radiation receiver assembly, the mechanism of radiation delivery to the waveguide and radiation extraction from the latter to the receiver chamber, are essentially the same as described in PCT/US 95/04915.
In accordance with the present invention, the radiation delivery waveguide 3 and concentrator 6 are in the form of a single transparent vessel 9 holding a single body of transparent liquid medium 10. The vessel 9 is made of solid material, e.g. quartz which is stable to long light exposure. The vessel of the radiation delivery waveguide according to the invention may be of any other suitable radiation-resistant material. Due to
the relatively small width of the vessel walls and the relatively low density and price of the transparent liquid medium as compared to fused silica or similar materials, the radiation delivery waveguide in accordance with the present invention is of a relatively low weight and inexpensive. The liquid medium 10 may, for example, be an organic fluid having a refraction index of 1.33 to 1.6, such as a fluorinated saturated hydrocarbon. Saturated fluorinated hydrocarbons are transparent in the near UV spectral range and enable elimination of vibrational and overtone absorption in the visible and IR spectral ranges, as a result of replacement of C-H bonds by C-F bonds. Alternatively, the liquid medium may be a molten inorganic salt. If desired, the liquid medium of the delivery waveguide and concentrator may be replaced from time to time.
The radiation delivery portion of the waveguide, according to the present invention, may hold additional elements made of transparent material having an index of refraction different from that of the liquid so as to interfere with a generally circular manner of radiation propagation inside the radiation delivery waveguide and thereby allow for a more effective light extraction into the receiver. Such elements may be in the form of transparent solid rods or cylindrical hollow components, either empty or filled with liquid.
In a particular embodiment of the invention the radiation receiver assembly is part of a solar energy plant and the receiver chamber either holds directly an energy conversion device such as a solar radiation absorber, a light/electricity transducer, a chemical reactor and the like; or else is made of transparent walls with any such energy conversion devices on the outside. However, it should be noted that the present invention may be used quite generally in cases where it is required to extract radiation from a transparent element made of a material with a high refraction index, into
a transparent element having a lower index of refraction, and where the controllable, particularly high, power density is required.
Claims
1. A guided radiation receiver assembly comprising a first transparent medium with a first refraction index nl7 a receiver chamber 5 having an aperture and holding a second transparent medium having a second refraction index n2, and a transparent radiation delivery waveguide having a third refraction index n3 substantially equal to or greater than n which transparent radiation delivery waveguide has a first, radiation intake portion in optical contact with said first transparent medium and held tightly 0 within said aperture, and a second, tapered radiation delivery portion of non-circular cross-sectional shape, projecting into the receiver chamber, wherein said radiation delivery waveguide consists of a transparent vessel holding a transparent liquid medium.
5 2. A guided radiation receiver assembly according to Claim 1, wherein said radiation delivery waveguide is linked to a heat exchanger for the withdrawal of heat from the liquid medium therein.
3. A radiation delivery waveguide having a tapered radiation 0 delivery portion of a non-circular cross-sectional shape comprising a transparent housing holding a transparent liquid medium.
4. A radiation delivery waveguide according to Claim 3, made integral with a radiation concentrator. D
5. A radiation delivery waveguide according to Claim 4, comprising a single vessel with radiation delivery and concentrator sections holding a single body of transparent liquid medium. 6. A radiation delivery waveguide according to any one of Claims 3 to 5, wherein the vessel holds additional elements made of transparent material having an index of refraction different from that of the liquid.
7. A radiation delivery waveguide according to any one of Claims 3 to 6, adapted for being linked to a heat exchanger for heat withdrawal from the liquid medium therein.
AMENDED CLAIMS
[received by the International Bureau on 20 February 1996 (20.02.96) ; original cl aims 6 and 7 amended ; remaining claims unchanged ( 1 page)]
6. A radiation delivery waveguide according to Claim 5, wherein the vessel holds
additional elements of transparent material having an index of refraction different from that of
the liquid.
7. A radiation waveguide according to Claim 3, adapted for being linked to a heat
exchanger for heat withdrawal from the liquid medium therein.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US08/817,366 US6188820B1 (en) | 1994-04-21 | 1995-10-20 | Guided radiation receiver assembly and a radiation delivery waveguide for use therewith |
| AU40000/95A AU4000095A (en) | 1994-10-23 | 1995-10-20 | A guided radiation receiver assembly and a radiation delivery waveguide for use therewith |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| IL111369 | 1994-10-23 | ||
| IL11136994A IL111369A0 (en) | 1994-04-21 | 1994-10-23 | a guided radiation receiver assembly and a radiation delivery waveguide for use therewith |
| PCT/US1995/004915 WO1995029415A1 (en) | 1994-04-21 | 1995-04-20 | Delivery of radiation from a transparent medium |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1996012979A1 true WO1996012979A1 (en) | 1996-05-02 |
Family
ID=26322928
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/US1995/013110 Ceased WO1996012979A1 (en) | 1994-04-21 | 1995-10-20 | A guided radiation receiver assembly and a radiation delivery waveguide for use therewith |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| WO (1) | WO1996012979A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ITRM20120387A1 (en) * | 2012-08-03 | 2014-02-04 | Headway Srl | "LIGHT GUIDE" |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3467098A (en) * | 1967-03-24 | 1969-09-16 | Becton Dickinson Co | Flexible conduit for laser surgery |
| JPS63113406A (en) * | 1986-10-31 | 1988-05-18 | Bridgestone Corp | Optical transmission hose |
| US5005944A (en) * | 1987-12-29 | 1991-04-09 | Luxar Corporation | Hollow lightpipe and lightpipe tip using a low refractive index inner layer |
| US5165773A (en) * | 1990-08-01 | 1992-11-24 | Genther Nath | Flexible light guide having a liquid core and illuminating device including a light guide of this type |
| US5412750A (en) * | 1993-12-28 | 1995-05-02 | Nath; Guenther | Liquid-core light guide illuminator apparatus |
-
1995
- 1995-10-20 WO PCT/US1995/013110 patent/WO1996012979A1/en not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3467098A (en) * | 1967-03-24 | 1969-09-16 | Becton Dickinson Co | Flexible conduit for laser surgery |
| JPS63113406A (en) * | 1986-10-31 | 1988-05-18 | Bridgestone Corp | Optical transmission hose |
| US5005944A (en) * | 1987-12-29 | 1991-04-09 | Luxar Corporation | Hollow lightpipe and lightpipe tip using a low refractive index inner layer |
| US5165773A (en) * | 1990-08-01 | 1992-11-24 | Genther Nath | Flexible light guide having a liquid core and illuminating device including a light guide of this type |
| US5412750A (en) * | 1993-12-28 | 1995-05-02 | Nath; Guenther | Liquid-core light guide illuminator apparatus |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ITRM20120387A1 (en) * | 2012-08-03 | 2014-02-04 | Headway Srl | "LIGHT GUIDE" |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US4052228A (en) | Optical concentrator and cooling system for photovoltaic cells | |
| Rabl | Tower reflector for solar power plant | |
| US4292959A (en) | Solar energy collection system | |
| US6188820B1 (en) | Guided radiation receiver assembly and a radiation delivery waveguide for use therewith | |
| DE69432598D1 (en) | OPTICAL WAVE GUIDE WITH LIQUID CORE | |
| USRE30584E (en) | Optical concentrator and cooling system for photovoltaic cells | |
| EP0105706A2 (en) | Flexible dielectric waveguide for high efficiency middle IR wavelength transmission | |
| US5894838A (en) | Window for a central solar receiver with volumetric absorber | |
| WO1996012979A1 (en) | A guided radiation receiver assembly and a radiation delivery waveguide for use therewith | |
| WO2001025831A3 (en) | Ultra-wide field of view concentric sensor system | |
| US5796892A (en) | Delivery of radiation from a first transparent medium to a second transparent medium having a lower refraction index | |
| Garmire | AXAF CCD Imaging Spectrometer (ACIS) | |
| WO2019041028A1 (en) | Sunlight forwarding system and use thereof | |
| US6587625B1 (en) | Optical fiber apparatus for high-radiation environments | |
| WO2008097440A2 (en) | Electro-wetting optical light steering | |
| A'Hearn et al. | Periodic Comet Tempel 2 (1987g) | |
| Rahou et al. | Direct transfer of solar radiation to high temperature applications | |
| Paquin et al. | Optomechanics and dimensional stability; Proceedings of the Meeting, San Diego, CA, July 25, 26, 1991 | |
| Afanaseva et al. | Light propagation in a high-aperture bundle of homogeneous glass fibers, bound by a spiral of metal or glass threads | |
| SU1096455A1 (en) | Solar energy collector | |
| Janke et al. | Three dimensional ray tracing through concentric tubular elements using vector methods | |
| CN1415986A (en) | Liquid-core optical fiber of multiple salts | |
| Bouillie et al. | Transmission by fiber optics at CNET. I | |
| Wu et al. | Calibration of the optical quality of a large telescope system. | |
| Delaboudiniere | Progress with LSM optics for solar observations within the French space program. |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| AK | Designated states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AM AT AU BB BG BR BY CA CH CN CZ DE DK EE ES FI GB GE HU IS JP KE KG KP KR KZ LK LR LT LU LV MD MG MN MW MX NO NZ PL PT RO RU SD SE SG SI SK TJ TM TT UA UG US UZ VN |
|
| AL | Designated countries for regional patents |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): KE MW SD SZ UG AT BE CH DE DK ES FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL PT SE BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN ML MR NE SN TD TG |
|
| DFPE | Request for preliminary examination filed prior to expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed before 20040101) | ||
| 121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application | ||
| ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: US Ref document number: 1996 727458 Date of ref document: 19961018 Kind code of ref document: A Format of ref document f/p: F |
|
| REG | Reference to national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: 8642 |
|
| 122 | Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase |