WO1996003013A1 - Electrical heating device - Google Patents
Electrical heating device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1996003013A1 WO1996003013A1 PCT/IT1994/000168 IT9400168W WO9603013A1 WO 1996003013 A1 WO1996003013 A1 WO 1996003013A1 IT 9400168 W IT9400168 W IT 9400168W WO 9603013 A1 WO9603013 A1 WO 9603013A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- strips
- panel
- laid
- electric current
- heat
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title description 6
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- WYTGDNHDOZPMIW-RCBQFDQVSA-N alstonine Natural products C1=CC2=C3C=CC=CC3=NC2=C2N1C[C@H]1[C@H](C)OC=C(C(=O)OC)[C@H]1C2 WYTGDNHDOZPMIW-RCBQFDQVSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000001131 transforming effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010292 electrical insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002844 continuous effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 235000010210 aluminium Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- QEVHRUUCFGRFIF-MDEJGZGSSA-N reserpine Chemical compound O([C@H]1[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]2C[C@@H]3C4=C(C5=CC=C(OC)C=C5N4)CCN3C[C@H]2C1)C(=O)OC)OC)C(=O)C1=CC(OC)=C(OC)C(OC)=C1 QEVHRUUCFGRFIF-MDEJGZGSSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D13/00—Electric heating systems
- F24D13/02—Electric heating systems solely using resistance heating, e.g. underfloor heating
- F24D13/022—Electric heating systems solely using resistance heating, e.g. underfloor heating resistances incorporated in construction elements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
- H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
- H05B3/26—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor mounted on insulating base
- H05B3/262—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor mounted on insulating base the insulating base being an insulated metal plate
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/002—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements
- H05B2203/003—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements using serpentine layout
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
Definitions
- Subject of the invention is an apparatus consisting of one or more continuous strips of conductive material, es- pecially copper, of constant width, their thickness being measurable in microns, with a high ratio between width and thickness, laid in lengths side by side with enough space between them for electrical insulation. Said strips are joined to two contacts that can be con- nected to a source of electricity, such as a main network.
- the strips may be laid in the form of a serpentine or spirally or in some other way according to preference. Said strips can be produced by electroplating or can con ⁇ sist of thin metal sheets cut into strips and laid sub- stantially parallel to allow space for insulation.
- the strips are laid on a panel of insulating or conducting material.
- the panel is coated with an insulating layer.
- the panel is made of anodized alumi- nium.
- the panel may be flat or curved, rigid or flexible.
- It may be fitted with means for fixing it to the surface of surrounding structures such as walls and ceilings.
- the strips can be submergedin the structure of the building.
- the ratio between the overall diffusing surface of the strips of conductive material and the power of electric current can be calculated so as to maintain maximum temperature of the strips to make pos ⁇ s i ble the use of supporting and coating materials which have low temperatures of combustion such as wood, cloth, paper, plastic material and others.
- the invention offers evident advantages.
- Heating commences almost immediately, uniform heat being given off by the surfaces created in the above manner.
- the cost of the heating body is much less than that of other kinds of heaters at present in use. There is no need for a heat diffuser, normally essential, as heat is produced, emitted and spread by a single body. The source of heat is easily created whether this is a sheet cut in strips, bands of metal or made by electro ⁇ pla ing. Heating bodies may even be placed in direct contact with the structure to be heated, therefore requiring no ther ⁇ mal chain.
- Fig.1 Radiator consisting of a flat panel with a serpen ⁇ tinewise conductor, front vie .
- Fig.2 The same as Fig.1 seen from the side.
- Fig.3 The same radiator when finished with a decorative covering .
- Fig.4 Panel-type radiator with a spiral conductor, front view.
- Fig.5 The same as Fig. 4 seen from the side.
- the radiator 10 contains a panel 11 of aluminium with an anodized layer 12.
- the copper strip 13 of constant thick ⁇ ness and width, is laid on said layer. Thickness is measurable in microns.
- Said strip forms the serpentine 14 whose lengths are placed side by side and separated by a space 15 equivalent to that required for electrical insulation.
- the ends 16 and 17 of the serpentine are connected to the contacts 18 and 19 and through them to the main electri ⁇ city network by means of wiring 35 and a plug 36. On closing the circuit electric current in the serpentine is transformed into heat but avoiding the concentration that would produce very high emperatures.
- the large surface area spreads warmth throughout the environment without any necessity for a heat diffuser.
- Fig. 3 illustrates how the panel can be finished with a cloth covering 40.
- Figures ** and 5 illustrate a different version 20 com ⁇ prising the aluminium panel 21 and an anodized layer 22.
- the strip 23 forms the square spiral 24 with its several turns separated one from another by sufficient space 25 for electrical insulation.
- the ends 26 and 27 of the spiral are joined to contacts 28 and 29 for connection to the main source of electri ⁇ city through the wiring 30 and plug 31.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)
- Resistance Heating (AREA)
- General Induction Heating (AREA)
- Thermotherapy And Cooling Therapy Devices (AREA)
- Processing Of Terminals (AREA)
- Gas Or Oil Filled Cable Accessories (AREA)
Abstract
Apparatus (10) for transforming electric current into heat and for diffusing said heat, consisting of one or more continuous strips (13) of highly conductive material, of constant width, whose thickness is measurable in microns, with a high ratio between width and thickness, arranged in the form of a serpentine (14) on a flat, rigid panel (11) made of aluminium with an anodized layer (12).
Description
Electrical heating device.
Innumerable means exist for generating heat by electric current .
These means are based on the use of highly resistant materials which reach high temperatures when electric current is passed through them thereby creating a great concentra ion of heat.
The temperatures so reached are nearly always much grea¬ ter than those actually needed at the point of use. Costly and complex heat diffusers are therefore required involving very considerable differences of temperature. The high temperatures in the conducting parts necessitate means of support made of special materials, such as ce¬ ramic and the like, as well as complex but fragile insu- lating and covering structures.
Such high temperatures rapidly wear out the apparatus while the level of efficiency compared with a direct use of fuel is very low.
When allowance is also made for the considerable expense of highly resistant materials it follows that high costs are incurred in purchasing and operating a heating system- Purpose of the present invention is to transform electric energy into heat by means of simple and practical struc¬ tures and also to reduce manufacturing and running costs as will be explained below.
Subject of the invention is an apparatus consisting of one or more continuous strips of conductive material, es- pecially copper, of constant width, their thickness being measurable in microns, with a high ratio between width and thickness, laid in lengths side by side with enough space between them for electrical insulation. Said strips are joined to two contacts that can be con- nected to a source of electricity, such as a main network. The strips may be laid in the form of a serpentine or spirally or in some other way according to preference. Said strips can be produced by electroplating or can con¬ sist of thin metal sheets cut into strips and laid sub- stantially parallel to allow space for insulation.
Preferably the strips are laid on a panel of insulating or conducting material. In the latter case the panel is coated with an insulating layer. In a preferred type the panel is made of anodized alumi- nium.
The panel may be flat or curved, rigid or flexible.
It may be fitted with means for fixing it to the surface of surrounding structures such as walls and ceilings.
The strips can be submergedin the structure of the building.
Advantages are gained if the ratio between the overall diffusing surface of the strips of conductive material and the power of electric current can be calculated so as to
maintain maximum temperature of the strips to make pos¬ sible the use of supporting and coating materials which have low temperatures of combustion such as wood, cloth, paper, plastic material and others.
The invention offers evident advantages.
Heating commences almost immediately, uniform heat being given off by the surfaces created in the above manner.
The cost of the heating body is much less than that of other kinds of heaters at present in use. There is no need for a heat diffuser, normally essential, as heat is produced, emitted and spread by a single body. The source of heat is easily created whether this is a sheet cut in strips, bands of metal or made by electro¬ pla ing. Heating bodies may even be placed in direct contact with the structure to be heated, therefore requiring no ther¬ mal chain.
In types that utilize transformed current with an increase in intensity, the lower voltage makes for greater safety. The use of supporting and coating materials such as wood, cloth, paper, plastic material offers exceptional advan¬ tages as regards costs, variety of uses and the practical and aesthetic effects obtainable.
Characteristics and purposes of the invention will be made still clearer by the following examples of its exe¬ cution illustrated by diagrammat ical ly drawn figures. Fig.1 Radiator consisting of a flat panel with a serpen¬ tinewise conductor, front vie . Fig.2 The same as Fig.1 seen from the side.
Fig.3 The same radiator when finished with a decorative covering .
Fig.4 Panel-type radiator with a spiral conductor, front view. Fig.5 The same as Fig. 4 seen from the side.
The radiator 10 contains a panel 11 of aluminium with an anodized layer 12. The copper strip 13 of constant thick¬ ness and width, is laid on said layer. Thickness is measurable in microns.
Said strip forms the serpentine 14 whose lengths are placed side by side and separated by a space 15 equivalent to that required for electrical insulation.
The ends 16 and 17 of the serpentine are connected to the contacts 18 and 19 and through them to the main electri¬ city network by means of wiring 35 and a plug 36. On closing the circuit electric current in the serpentine is transformed into heat but avoiding the concentration that would produce very high emperatures.
The large surface area spreads warmth throughout the environment without any necessity for a heat diffuser.
Fig. 3 illustrates how the panel can be finished with a cloth covering 40.
Figures ** and 5 illustrate a different version 20 com¬ prising the aluminium panel 21 and an anodized layer 22. The strip 23 forms the square spiral 24 with its several turns separated one from another by sufficient space 25 for electrical insulation.
The ends 26 and 27 of the spiral are joined to contacts 28 and 29 for connection to the main source of electri¬ city through the wiring 30 and plug 31.
The effects are similar to those obtained with the radia¬ tor shown in Figures 1 and 2.
Claims
1. Apparatus ( 10,20) for transforming electric current into heat and for diffusing it characterized in that it is formed of one or more con- tinuous strips ( 13,23) of conductive material, of con¬ stant width, whose thickness is measureable in microns, with a high ratio between width and thickness, laid in lengths side by side sufficiently spaced one from another for ensuring electrical insulation ( 15,25) terminating in two contacts ( 18, 19) (28,29) that can be connected up to a source of electric current.
2. Apparatus ( 10,20) as in claim 1, characterized in that the strips ( 13,23) are of copper.
3. Apparatus ( 10,) as in claim 1, characterized in that the strips ( 13) are laid in the form of a serpentine ( 14).
4. Apparatus (20) as in claim 1, characterized in that the strips (23) are laid in the form of a spiral (24).
5. Apparatus ( 10,20) as in claim 1, characterized in that the strips ( 13,23) are obtained by electroplating.
6. Apparatus ( 10) as in claim 1, characterized in that the strips ( 13) are cut from thin metal sheets laid substantially parallel in such a way that spaces ( 15) for electrical insulation are created between one strip and another.
7. Apparatus ( 10,20) as in claim 1, characterized in that the strips ( 13,27) are supported by a panel ( 11).
8. Apparatus ( 10,20) as in claim 7, characterized in that the panel ( 11) is of metal coated with a layer ( 12) of insulating material.
9. Apparatus ( 10,20) as in claim 7, characterized in that the panel ( 1-1,21) is made of ano¬ dized aluminium.
10. Apparatus as in claim 7, characterized in that the panel is made of insulating material .
11. Apparatus i 10i 20) as in claim 7, characterized in that the panel ( 11,21) is flat.
12. Apparatus as in claim 7 charac erized in that the panel { s curved.
13. Apparatus as in claim 7 characterized in that the panel ( 11,21) may be rigid or flexible as the case requires.
14. Apparatus ( 10,20) as in claim 7 characterized in that the panel ( 11,21) has means for fixing it to the surfaces of environmental structures such as walls and ceilings.
15. Apparatus as in claim 1, characterized in that the strips ( 13,27) are submerged in the structure of the building.
16. Apparatus ( 10) as in claim 1, characterized in that the ratio between the total dif¬ fusing surface of the strips ( 13) of conductive material and the power of electric current is calculated ao as to maintain maximum temperature of the strips ( 13) at a level that will also permit the use of supporting and coating materials (40) combustion of which takes place at low temperatures such as wood, cloth paper, plastic material and others with consequent advantages as regards costs, variety of uses and in the practical and aesthetic effects obtainable.
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP8504866A JPH10502764A (en) | 1994-07-14 | 1994-10-12 | A device for converting electrical energy into heat |
| EP94929631A EP0770317A1 (en) | 1994-07-14 | 1994-10-12 | Electrical heating device |
| AU78620/94A AU7862094A (en) | 1994-07-14 | 1994-10-12 | Electrical heating device |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ITMI941461A IT1271660B (en) | 1994-07-14 | 1994-07-14 | APPARATUS FOR THE TRANSFORMATION OF ELECTRICITY INTO HEAT |
| ITMI94A001461 | 1994-07-14 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1996003013A1 true WO1996003013A1 (en) | 1996-02-01 |
Family
ID=11369269
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/IT1994/000168 WO1996003013A1 (en) | 1994-07-14 | 1994-10-12 | Electrical heating device |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0770317A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH10502764A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU7862094A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2194757A1 (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1271660B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1996003013A1 (en) |
Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1997014921A1 (en) * | 1995-10-20 | 1997-04-24 | Cadif S.R.L. | Panels for electrically heating rooms with false ceilings |
| WO1997016684A1 (en) * | 1995-11-03 | 1997-05-09 | Cadif S.R.L. | Process for generating by radiation warm air from transformation of electric energy directly into diffused heat |
| WO1999028184A1 (en) * | 1997-11-27 | 1999-06-10 | Cadif S.R.L. | System of heating by electricity for diffused warmth in boats |
| WO2003007659A1 (en) * | 2001-07-09 | 2003-01-23 | Cadif Srl | Process, plant and bitumen-polymer based strip for surface and environmental heating of building structures and infrastructures |
| FR2835144A1 (en) * | 2002-01-24 | 2003-07-25 | Aes Laboratoire | DEVICE FOR REGULATING THE TEMPERATURE OF A LIQUID PRE-ENRICHMENT SOLUTION CONTAINING SAMPLES OF CONSUMER PRODUCTS TO BE ANALYZED MICROBIOLOGICALLY |
| US6704497B2 (en) | 1995-09-07 | 2004-03-09 | Bar-Keser Project Management Initiatives And Economic Consultants (1991) Ltd. | Electric heating devices and elements |
| WO2004033970A1 (en) * | 2002-10-10 | 2004-04-22 | Cadif Srl | Strip-heating for building structures and infrastructures |
| GB2503521A (en) * | 2012-06-25 | 2014-01-01 | Jemella Ltd | A dual voltage hair styling appliance |
| US9848683B2 (en) | 2012-08-20 | 2017-12-26 | Jemella Limited | Hair styling device |
| US10455916B2 (en) | 2012-12-03 | 2019-10-29 | Jemella Limited | Hair styling apparatus |
| US10849400B2 (en) | 2012-06-25 | 2020-12-01 | Jemella Limited | Hair dryer |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR1138132A (en) * | 1954-12-22 | 1957-06-11 | Saint Gobain | Electric resistance heater |
| US3214565A (en) * | 1963-01-30 | 1965-10-26 | Armstrong Cork Co | Ceiling tile adapted for electrical heating and sound absorption |
| US3805023A (en) * | 1972-03-31 | 1974-04-16 | Horizons Inc | Electrical heating device having metal depositions: in a porous anodized metal layer |
| DE2512297A1 (en) * | 1974-03-20 | 1975-09-25 | Yves Privas | RADIANT HEATING ELEMENT |
| DE2534813A1 (en) * | 1975-08-05 | 1977-02-10 | Braun Ag | Heating element for household appliances - has heating conductors on glass ceramic support electroplated to desired thickness |
| US4650960A (en) * | 1984-07-13 | 1987-03-17 | Standard Telefon Og Kabelfabrik A/S | Electrical heating foil element |
-
1994
- 1994-07-14 IT ITMI941461A patent/IT1271660B/en active IP Right Grant
- 1994-10-12 CA CA002194757A patent/CA2194757A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1994-10-12 EP EP94929631A patent/EP0770317A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1994-10-12 WO PCT/IT1994/000168 patent/WO1996003013A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1994-10-12 JP JP8504866A patent/JPH10502764A/en active Pending
- 1994-10-12 AU AU78620/94A patent/AU7862094A/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR1138132A (en) * | 1954-12-22 | 1957-06-11 | Saint Gobain | Electric resistance heater |
| US3214565A (en) * | 1963-01-30 | 1965-10-26 | Armstrong Cork Co | Ceiling tile adapted for electrical heating and sound absorption |
| US3805023A (en) * | 1972-03-31 | 1974-04-16 | Horizons Inc | Electrical heating device having metal depositions: in a porous anodized metal layer |
| DE2512297A1 (en) * | 1974-03-20 | 1975-09-25 | Yves Privas | RADIANT HEATING ELEMENT |
| DE2534813A1 (en) * | 1975-08-05 | 1977-02-10 | Braun Ag | Heating element for household appliances - has heating conductors on glass ceramic support electroplated to desired thickness |
| US4650960A (en) * | 1984-07-13 | 1987-03-17 | Standard Telefon Og Kabelfabrik A/S | Electrical heating foil element |
Cited By (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6704497B2 (en) | 1995-09-07 | 2004-03-09 | Bar-Keser Project Management Initiatives And Economic Consultants (1991) Ltd. | Electric heating devices and elements |
| WO1997014921A1 (en) * | 1995-10-20 | 1997-04-24 | Cadif S.R.L. | Panels for electrically heating rooms with false ceilings |
| WO1997016684A1 (en) * | 1995-11-03 | 1997-05-09 | Cadif S.R.L. | Process for generating by radiation warm air from transformation of electric energy directly into diffused heat |
| WO1999028184A1 (en) * | 1997-11-27 | 1999-06-10 | Cadif S.R.L. | System of heating by electricity for diffused warmth in boats |
| WO2003007659A1 (en) * | 2001-07-09 | 2003-01-23 | Cadif Srl | Process, plant and bitumen-polymer based strip for surface and environmental heating of building structures and infrastructures |
| WO2003063549A3 (en) * | 2002-01-24 | 2004-03-11 | A E S Laboratoire | Device for regulating the temperature of a fluid pre-enrichment or enrichment solution containing samples of consumable products that are to undergo microbiological analysis |
| FR2835144A1 (en) * | 2002-01-24 | 2003-07-25 | Aes Laboratoire | DEVICE FOR REGULATING THE TEMPERATURE OF A LIQUID PRE-ENRICHMENT SOLUTION CONTAINING SAMPLES OF CONSUMER PRODUCTS TO BE ANALYZED MICROBIOLOGICALLY |
| WO2004033970A1 (en) * | 2002-10-10 | 2004-04-22 | Cadif Srl | Strip-heating for building structures and infrastructures |
| GB2503521A (en) * | 2012-06-25 | 2014-01-01 | Jemella Ltd | A dual voltage hair styling appliance |
| GB2503521B (en) * | 2012-06-25 | 2018-01-03 | Jemella Ltd | Hair styling appliance |
| US10213000B2 (en) | 2012-06-25 | 2019-02-26 | Jemella Limited | Hair styling appliance |
| US10849400B2 (en) | 2012-06-25 | 2020-12-01 | Jemella Limited | Hair dryer |
| US11191335B2 (en) | 2012-06-25 | 2021-12-07 | Jemella Limited | Hair styling appliance |
| US9848683B2 (en) | 2012-08-20 | 2017-12-26 | Jemella Limited | Hair styling device |
| US10455916B2 (en) | 2012-12-03 | 2019-10-29 | Jemella Limited | Hair styling apparatus |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ITMI941461A1 (en) | 1996-01-14 |
| ITMI941461A0 (en) | 1994-07-14 |
| AU7862094A (en) | 1996-02-16 |
| EP0770317A1 (en) | 1997-05-02 |
| JPH10502764A (en) | 1998-03-10 |
| IT1271660B (en) | 1997-06-04 |
| CA2194757A1 (en) | 1996-02-01 |
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