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WO1996000881A1 - Process and device for measuring weld seam geometry - Google Patents

Process and device for measuring weld seam geometry Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1996000881A1
WO1996000881A1 PCT/EP1994/002103 EP9402103W WO9600881A1 WO 1996000881 A1 WO1996000881 A1 WO 1996000881A1 EP 9402103 W EP9402103 W EP 9402103W WO 9600881 A1 WO9600881 A1 WO 9600881A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
hall effect
effect sensor
magnets
seams
pressing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP1994/002103
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Bruno Von Wyl
Christiane Leister
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Leister Elektro-Geratebau
Original Assignee
Leister Elektro-Geratebau
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Leister Elektro-Geratebau filed Critical Leister Elektro-Geratebau
Priority to PCT/EP1994/002103 priority Critical patent/WO1996000881A1/en
Priority to AU71250/94A priority patent/AU7125094A/en
Publication of WO1996000881A1 publication Critical patent/WO1996000881A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
    • G01B7/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
    • G01B7/06—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring length, width or thickness for measuring thickness
    • G01B7/10—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring length, width or thickness for measuring thickness using magnetic means, e.g. by measuring change of reluctance
    • G01B7/107—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring length, width or thickness for measuring thickness using magnetic means, e.g. by measuring change of reluctance for measuring objects while moving
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/10—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using hot gases (e.g. combustion gases) or flames coming in contact with at least one of the parts to be joined
    • B29C65/103—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using hot gases (e.g. combustion gases) or flames coming in contact with at least one of the parts to be joined direct heating both surfaces to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/18—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • B29C65/20—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools with direct contact, e.g. using "mirror"
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/18—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • B29C65/24—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools characterised by the means for heating the tool
    • B29C65/26—Hot fluid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/72—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by combined operations or combined techniques, e.g. welding and stitching
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/82—Testing the joint
    • B29C65/8207—Testing the joint by mechanical methods
    • B29C65/8246—Pressure tests, e.g. hydrostatic pressure tests
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/20—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines
    • B29C66/23—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being multiple and parallel or being in the form of tessellations
    • B29C66/232—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being multiple and parallel or being in the form of tessellations said joint lines being multiple and parallel, i.e. the joint being formed by several parallel joint lines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/737—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7373—Joining soiled or oxidised materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/836—Moving relative to and tangentially to the parts to be joined, e.g. transversely to the displacement of the parts to be joined, e.g. using a X-Y table
    • B29C66/8362—Rollers, cylinders or drums moving relative to and tangentially to the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/84—Specific machine types or machines suitable for specific applications
    • B29C66/865—Independently movable welding apparatus, e.g. on wheels
    • B29C66/8652—Independently movable welding apparatus, e.g. on wheels being pushed by hand or being self-propelling
    • B29C66/86521—Independently movable welding apparatus, e.g. on wheels being pushed by hand or being self-propelling being self-propelling
    • B29C66/86523—Independently movable welding apparatus, e.g. on wheels being pushed by hand or being self-propelling being self-propelling the traction being made on the seam
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/92—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
    • B29C66/922—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by measuring the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
    • B29C66/9231—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by measuring the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by measuring the displacement of the joining tools
    • B29C66/92311—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by measuring the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by measuring the displacement of the joining tools with special measurement means or methods
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/92—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
    • B29C66/929—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools characterized by specific pressure, force, mechanical power or displacement values or ranges
    • B29C66/9292—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools characterized by specific pressure, force, mechanical power or displacement values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. pressure diagrams
    • B29C66/92921—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools characterized by specific pressure, force, mechanical power or displacement values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. pressure diagrams in specific relation to time, e.g. pressure-time diagrams
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/95—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94
    • B29C66/954—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94 by measuring or controlling the thickness of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/96—Measuring or controlling the joining process characterised by the method for implementing the controlling of the joining process
    • B29C66/967—Measuring or controlling the joining process characterised by the method for implementing the controlling of the joining process involving special data inputs or special data outputs, e.g. for monitoring purposes
    • B29C66/9674—Measuring or controlling the joining process characterised by the method for implementing the controlling of the joining process involving special data inputs or special data outputs, e.g. for monitoring purposes involving special data outputs, e.g. special data display means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B5/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
    • G01B5/0037—Measuring of dimensions of welds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/735—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7352—Thickness, e.g. very thin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/82—Pressure application arrangements, e.g. transmission or actuating mechanisms for joining tools or clamps
    • B29C66/822—Transmission mechanisms
    • B29C66/8221—Scissor or lever mechanisms, i.e. involving a pivot point
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/834—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools moving with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/8341—Roller, cylinder or drum types; Band or belt types; Ball types
    • B29C66/83411—Roller, cylinder or drum types
    • B29C66/83413—Roller, cylinder or drum types cooperating rollers, cylinders or drums
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/912—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9121—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/914—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
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    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
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    • B29C66/919—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/93—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the speed
    • B29C66/934—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the speed by controlling or regulating the speed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/93—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the speed
    • B29C66/939—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the speed characterised by specific speed values or ranges
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/94—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the time
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/95—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94
    • B29C66/959—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94 characterised by specific values or ranges of said specific variables
    • B29C66/9592—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94 characterised by specific values or ranges of said specific variables in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. X-Y diagrams
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/96—Measuring or controlling the joining process characterised by the method for implementing the controlling of the joining process
    • B29C66/961—Measuring or controlling the joining process characterised by the method for implementing the controlling of the joining process involving a feedback loop mechanism, e.g. comparison with a desired value

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and a measuring arrangement for measuring the weld geometry during the welding of lap seams, band seams, wire seams or application seams in weldable materials, which are heated by means of a hot air nozzle, H Jardinlu tkeils or a heating wedge and then joined together by means of pressure elements with a predetermined joining force.
  • weld geometry represents the essential factor for the quality and quality of a weld.
  • weld seam geometry is taken to mean the reduction in thickness in the seam area, which must be within a certain range (for example, PE-HD 0.2 to 0.8 mm).
  • a weld seam geometry (also called joining path) that is within the permissible range reflects an optimal interaction of the welding parameters temperature, pressure and speed, even with changing weather conditions during the welding process.
  • the present invention is therefore based on the problem of specifying a possibility that is immediate Measurement of the weld geometry allowed during the welding process.
  • the material is heated in a known manner when welding overlap seams, band seams, wire seams or application seams by means of a hot air nozzle, hot air wedge or a heating wedge and then joined by means of pressure, for example using opposing pressing elements, with a predetermined joining force .
  • the distance of the pressing elements is detected contactlessly by means of sensor elements and determined from the difference between the total material thickness of the unwelded webs and the distance of the pressing elements of the joining path as a measure of the quality of the weld seam.
  • the contactless detection of the distance between the pressure elements at the welding point results in an optimal and direct measurement, the results of which can be reacted to directly during the welding process.
  • the weld seam geometry is in the range required for sufficient quality.
  • the distance between the pressure elements can be detected contactlessly by optical or magnetic means or by means of ultrasound.
  • a Hall effect sensor is preferably used as the sensor element, the magnetic field for the Hall effect sensor being generated by means of two magnets, one of which is connected to a first pressure element and the second to a second pressure element, so that any change in the distance between the pressure elements also results in a change in the distance between the magnets causes.
  • the change in distance can be such that the one magnet is held in position while the other moves relative to it.
  • the two magnets it is also possible for the two magnets to move relative to one another.
  • the measured value is recorded by means of Hall effect sensors with magnets arranged in the area of each end face of two pressure rollers, and the arithmetic mean is determined from the recorded values. This can increase the accuracy of the joining path detection.
  • the measuring arrangement comprises a rigid with a first
  • Pressing element connected first magnet and a rigidly connected to a second opposing pressing element, which are arranged opposite to each other and generate a magnetic field between them, and a Hall effect sensor arranged in the magnetic field, which generates an electrical signal depending on the strength of the magnetic field and this Forwards further processing to an evaluation unit.
  • the pressing elements can, for example, be rotatably mounted in corresponding bearing elements
  • the magnets are expediently permanent magnets, since a uniform magnetic field generated by the magnets is required for the measurement. In principle, the same could also be achieved with more complex electromagnets.
  • the magnets are firmly connected to the respective pressure elements, such as bearing elements, on which the pressure rollers are rotatably mounted, so that any change in the distance of the pressure elements also causes a change in the distance of the magnets.
  • the magnets and the Hall effect sensor are firmly cast into the bearing elements in order to protect them from mechanical damage and vibration, with a smaller magnet, referred to as an auxiliary magnet, with the Hall effect sensor in one bearing element and the other magnet, referred to as the main magnet, is arranged in the other bearing element.
  • the distance between the Hall effect sensor and the auxiliary magnet is constant, which is essential for measuring the distance to the main magnet.
  • the distance between the main magnet and the Hall effect sensor is determined by the opening size of the pressure elements. Corresponding to the magnetic field strength of the main magnet received by the Hall effect sensor, this produces an analog output signal which indicates the distance between the pressing elements.
  • a Hall effect hybrid with the corresponding integrated electronic circuits is expediently used as the Hall effect sensor, so that an analog signal suitable for further processing is emitted.
  • This signal is evaluated in an evaluation unit, in which the total material thickness of the unwelded material was previously entered, and displayed accordingly.
  • the signal processing and evaluation takes place in a manner familiar to the person skilled in the art, in which, for example, the generated analog voltage from the measurement of the weld seam thickness is processed by means of analog operational amplifiers and is read in by an analog / digital converter of a microprocessor. A polynomial is calculated for the linearization of the signals and used in the calculation algorithm. The microprocessor then calculates the weld seam geometry (joining path) from the difference between the total material thickness and the weld seam thickness.
  • the magnets and the Hall effect sensor can be arranged at different locations.
  • the magnets and the Hall effect sensor can be arranged at different locations.
  • both pressing elements or only one pressing element can be designed to be movable in the direction of the material web.
  • the first magnet is arranged together with the Hall effect sensor on the upper pressing element and the second magnet on the lower pressing element.
  • This enables a simple structure of the arrangement with regard to electrical leads and mechanical stability.
  • it is expedient to design only one pressure element to be movable in the direction of the material web. It is therefore advantageous to arrange the Hall effect sensor in areas of the upper and thus also movable pressure element.
  • the first magnet designed as an auxiliary magnet, forms a fixed unit with the Hall effect sensor, so that the distance between the two is invariable and the unit is cast in the pressing element, protected from mechanical damage and vibrations.
  • the magnets with a Hall effect sensor are arranged on at least one end face of the pressing elements and thus on the side of the weld seam. This simplifies the mechanical structure of the pressure elements, for example the bearing elements of the pressure rollers, and the measuring arrangement.
  • the first magnet and the Hall effect sensor can thereby be cast in a sensor bar, which forms the axis of the pressure roller or is preferably arranged parallel to the pressure element.
  • the measuring arrangement is thus attached in a space-saving manner and in a cost-effective manner during production.
  • the arrangement also allows the arrangement of magnets with a Hall effect sensor on each of the two end faces of the pressing elements without great additional effort, so that the accuracy of the measurement can be increased.
  • the method designed according to the invention and the measuring arrangement have the advantage that they can be used for all weldable materials, such as PE, PVC, ECB, CSPE, EPDM, bitumen and the like in sheets or plates, and also for all types of weld seams.
  • the measuring arrangement designed according to the invention can be used in all welding machines, such as hot air, hot air wedge or hot wedge machines. The measurement with the measuring arrangement takes place directly on the melt, so that any errors can flow directly into the welding process.
  • Figure 1 is a sectional model of an overlap weld
  • Figure 2 is a schematic sectional view of the heating system
  • Figure 3 is a schematic perspective view of an automatic welding machine
  • Figure 4 is an enlarged perspective view of the
  • Figure 5 is a sectional view
  • Figure 6 is a block diagram showing the principle of evaluation.
  • Figure 7 is a measurement record of a welding process.
  • A denotes the thickness of the upper and lower material web
  • B the thickness of the weld seam
  • C the width of the test channel
  • D the width of the weld.
  • the upper material web 1 and the lower material web 2 are guided in the area of the overlap by means of a guide between the material webs
  • FIG. 3 shows an exemplary embodiment with an automatic hot-air welding machine 11 which has a control (not shown) with an evaluation unit in its housing 12.
  • a printer 13 for printing out measurement reports and a display 14 and a keyboard 15 for entering the data required for the smooth welding process, including the total material thickness of the unwelded material webs.
  • the housing 12 is fastened to a frame 16 which has a heating device 17 with a wedge-shaped hot air nozzle 18.
  • the upper bearing element 19 is movably held on the frame 16 so that the contact pressure of the roller can be adjusted.
  • the lower bearing element 20 is rigidly connected to the frame 16.
  • the upper bearing element 19 has a sensor bar 21 which is equipped with Hall effect sensors 22 (cf. FIG. 4) and auxiliary magnets 23.
  • the sensor bar 21 in Figure 3 is mounted in parallel in front of the pressure roller 5, so that the Hall effect sensors 22 between the auxiliary magnet 23 and in the lower one
  • Bearing element 20 attached main magnets 24 are arranged on the side of the end faces of the pressure rollers and on the side of the weld seam.
  • the pressure roller 5 and the sensor bar 21 are attached to the pendulum head 31 of the hot air welding machine 11.
  • the pendulum head ensures optimal, parallel distribution of the joining force on the two pressure rollers. With material tolerances of the sealing sheets or when welding a T-joint (welding a third material sheet onto two material sheets already welded together), the distribution of the joining force is parallel, but the thickness measurement of the outer and inner weld seam is different.
  • FIG. 4 shows an enlarged representation of the sensor bar 21 and the bearing element 20 with two main magnets 24, which are firmly integrated in the bearing element 20 designed as an aluminum casting.
  • the Hall effect sensors 22 are cast together with the corresponding auxiliary magnet 23 into the sensor bar 21, which is also designed as a cast aluminum part.
  • the Hall effect sensors 22 and the auxiliary magnets 23 form a unit, so that the distance between them is unchanged and permits safe operation of the device.
  • the Hall effect sensors are so-called Hall effect hybrids with the appropriate evaluation electronics.
  • the opening 25 serves to lead out the electrical cables. The distance and dimension of the magnets can be calculated and placed so that the magnetic fields cancel each other out. This enables a negative and positive measuring range. This measurement setup offers high accuracy and infinite resolution.
  • FIG. 5 shows a cross section through the exemplary embodiment.
  • the two Hall effect sensors 22 arranged in the sensor bar 21 with the auxiliary magnets 23 are arranged on the end face 26 of the upper pressure roller 5 and the main magnets 24 on the end faces 27 of the lower pressure roller 6.
  • the pressure rollers 5, 6 are designed so that the unwelded part remains for the test channel in the middle. In principle, two separate roles could also be provided for this.
  • the distance between the two pressure rollers indicated by the arrows gives the thickness dimension for the measurement, from which the joining path is then determined.
  • the distance between the main magnet 24 and the Hall effect sensors 22 is determined by the opening size of the pressure rollers. Common commercially available elements are used as Hall effect sensors and magnets.
  • FIG. 6 shows a basic block diagram with the Hall effect sensors 22, which are connected to an analog / digital converter 29 via a matching and amplifier circuit 28.
  • the analog-to-digital converter is part of a microprocessor 30 in which the signals from the sensors are evaluated, taking into account the values entered via the keyboard 15, by calculating the arithmetic mean from the two measurement results, then linearizing the signals and the joining path from the maximum material thickness minus the weld thickness is calculated and printed out via the printer 13.
  • Such a pressure protocol with a course curve of the weld can be seen as an example in FIG.
  • the pressure report gives the measuring range as well as the maximum and minimum values of the welding temperature
  • the material thickness, the ambient temperature and the seam length are also printed out. It is possible to print out further physical quantities as well as measurement and test results.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Magnetic Means (AREA)

Abstract

Process and device for measuring weld seam geometry in making lap, strip, wire or deposited metal seams in weldable materials which are joined by means of a hot-air nozzle or wedge or a heating wedge and then joined together by means of pressing components at a predetermined jointing pressure. The distance between the pressing components is contactlessly detected during jointing by sensors and the jointing travel is found as a measure of the quality of the weld seam from the difference between the total thickness of the unwelded material and the spacing of the pressing components. With pressure rollers used as the pressing components, magnets are rigidly secured to their bearing components and arranged in such a way that a magnetic field is generated between them. In said magnetic field there is a Hall effect sensor which generates an electric signal in proportion to the strength of the magnetic field and transmits it to an evaluation unit for further processing. The magnets and the Hall effect sensor are preferably arranged near the faces of the pressing components, with the auxiliary magnet and the Hall effect sensor cast in a sensor block. The process and device can be used for all materials, weld seams and hot air, hot air wedge or hot wedge welding equipment.

Description

Beschreibung description

Verfahren und Meßanordnung zum Messen der SchweißnahtgeometrieMethod and measuring arrangement for measuring the weld seam geometry

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und eine Meßanordnung zum Messen der Schweißnahtgeometrie beim Schweißen von Überlappnähten, Bandnähten, Drahtnähten oder Auftragsnähten bei schweißbaren Materialien, die mittels einer Heißluftdüse, Heißlu tkeils oder eines Heizkeils erwärmt und anschließend mittels Andrückelementen mit einer vorgegebenen Fügekraft zusammengefügt werden.The present invention relates to a method and a measuring arrangement for measuring the weld geometry during the welding of lap seams, band seams, wire seams or application seams in weldable materials, which are heated by means of a hot air nozzle, Heißlu tkeils or a heating wedge and then joined together by means of pressure elements with a predetermined joining force.

Um beispielsweise Materialbahnen mit Überlappnähten problemlos verschweißen zu können, werden diese überlappt ausgerollt und dann mit geeigneten Schweißgeräten verschweißt. Diese weisen im wesentlichen eine Heizeinrichtung, wie Heißluftdüse, Heißluftkeil oder Heizkeil, auf, die zwischen den sich überlappenden und zu verschweisenden Materialien geführt wird sowie Andrückelementen, die mit einer vorgegebenen Fügekraft die erwärmten Materialien zusammenpressen. Dabei wird ein Teil des erwärmten Materials seitlich herausgeguetscht. Um eine optimale Schweißverbindung zu erhalten, ist das Zusammenwirken der Schweißparameter Temperatur, Druck und Geschwindigkeit während des Schweißvorgangs erforderlich. Es ist daher bekannt, die sich daraus ergebende Schweißnahtgeometrie kontinuierlich zu messen und in Abhängigkeit der dabei erhaltenden Werte die einzelnen Parameter anzupassen. Dies ist insbesondere beimIn order, for example, to be able to weld material webs with overlap seams without problems, they are rolled out overlapped and then welded with suitable welding equipment. These essentially have a heating device, such as a hot air nozzle, hot air wedge or heating wedge, which is guided between the overlapping and to be welded materials, and pressing elements which press the heated materials together with a predetermined joining force. Part of the heated material is squeezed out to the side. In order to obtain an optimal weld connection, the interaction of the welding parameters temperature, pressure and speed during the welding process is necessary. It is therefore known to continuously measure the resulting weld seam geometry and to adapt the individual parameters depending on the values obtained in the process. This is particularly the case with

ORIGINALUNTERLAGEN Verschweißen von Materialbahnen im Freien erforderlich, wenn beispielsweise die Sonne das Material stärker aufheizt oder bei Regen kühlt. Üblicherweise werden bei einer Doppelnaht zwei Schweißnähte in einem Vorgang gelegt, die durch einen sogenannten Prüfkanal getrennt sind. Nach der Schweißung wird in den Prüfkanal Luft oder Wasser gepumpt, bis die Luft oder das Wasser am Ende des Prüfkanals austritt. Anschließend wird das eine Ende verschlossen und am anderen Ende ein Prüfdruck angelegt, der innerhalb einer bestimmten Zeit nicht über ein bestimmtes Maß abfallen darf.ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS Welding material webs outdoors is required if, for example, the sun heats the material up more or cools it down when it rains. With a double seam, two weld seams are usually created in one process, which are separated by a so-called test channel. After welding, air or water is pumped into the test channel until the air or water emerges at the end of the test channel. Then one end is closed and a test pressure is applied at the other end, which must not drop by a certain amount within a certain time.

Aufgrund von ausgiebigen Zeitstandversuchen ist nachgewiesen, daß die Schweißnahtgeometrie den wesentlichen Faktor für die Güte und Qualität einer Schweißnaht repräsentiert. Unter Schweißnahtgeometrie wird in diesem Zusammenhang die Dickenminderung im Nahtbereich angesehen, die innerhalb einer bestimmten Bandbreite (beispielsweise bei PE-HD 0,2 bis 0,8 mm) liegen muß. Eine in der zulässigen Bandbreite liegende Schweißnahtgeometrie (auch Fügweg genannt) reflektiert ein optimales Zusammenwirken der Schweißparameter Temperatur, Druck und Geschwindigkeit auch bei sich ändernden Witterungseinflüssen während des Schweißvorgangs.Extensive creep tests have shown that the weld geometry represents the essential factor for the quality and quality of a weld. In this context, the weld seam geometry is taken to mean the reduction in thickness in the seam area, which must be within a certain range (for example, PE-HD 0.2 to 0.8 mm). A weld seam geometry (also called joining path) that is within the permissible range reflects an optimal interaction of the welding parameters temperature, pressure and speed, even with changing weather conditions during the welding process.

Bei den bisher bekannten Verfahren und Meßanordnungen stellt es immer ein Problem dar, möglichst genau den Fügeweg, d. h. die Dickenminderung im Nahtbereich möglichst exakt und direkt an der Schweißstelle zu erfassen, um das Ergebnis unmittelbar in den Schweißvorgang einfließen zu lassen. Eine zu weit von der Schweißstelle entfernte Meßstelle bewirkt erst nach einer gewissen Länge einer fehlerhaften Schweißnaht eine Korrektur der Schweißparameter in der Schweißmaschine.With the previously known methods and measuring arrangements, it is always a problem to determine the joining path as precisely as possible, i. H. measure the reduction in thickness in the seam area as precisely as possible and directly at the welding point in order to have the result flow directly into the welding process. A measuring point that is too far away from the welding point only results in a correction of the welding parameters in the welding machine after a certain length of a faulty weld seam.

Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt daher das Problem zugrunde, eine Möglichkeit anzugeben, die das unmittelbare Messen der Schweißnahtgeometrie während des Schweißvorganges gestattet.The present invention is therefore based on the problem of specifying a possibility that is immediate Measurement of the weld geometry allowed during the welding process.

Dieses Problem wird durch ein Verfahren gemäß dem Anspruch 1 und einer Meßanordnung gemäß dem Anspruch 5 gelöst.This problem is solved by a method according to claim 1 and a measuring arrangement according to claim 5.

Nach dem erfindungsgemäß ausgestalteten Verfahren wird in bekannter Art und Weise beim Schweißen von Überlappnähten, Bandnähten, Drahtnähten oder Auftragsnähten das Material mittels einer Heißluftdüse, Heißluftkeil oder eines Heizkeils erwärmt und anschließend mittels Druck, zum Beispiel unter Verwendung von gegenüberliegenden Andrückelemente, mit einer vorgegebenen Fügekraft zusammengefügt. Beim Zusammenfügen wird der Abstand .der Andrückelemente mittels Sensorelementen kontaktlos erfaßt und aus der Differenz zwischen der gesamten Materialdicke der unverschweißten Bahnen und dem Abstand der Andrückelemente der Fügeweg als Maß für die Güte der Schweißnaht ermittelt. Durch die kontaktlose Erfassung des Abstandes der Andrückelemente an der Schweißstelle erfolgt eine optimale und direkte Messung auf deren Ergebnisse direkt beim Schweißvorgang reagiert werden kann. Durch Subtraktion der Schweißnahtdicke von der Materialdicke der unverschweißten Bahnen (zwei, drei oder mehr) kann dann festgestellt werden, ob die Schweißnahtgeometrie in dem für ausreichende Güte erforderlichen Bereich liegt. Die Erfassung des Abstands der Andrückelemente kann je nach Anbringung der Sensorelementen kontaktlos auf optischem oder magnetischem Weg oder mittels Ultraschall erfolgen.According to the method designed according to the invention, the material is heated in a known manner when welding overlap seams, band seams, wire seams or application seams by means of a hot air nozzle, hot air wedge or a heating wedge and then joined by means of pressure, for example using opposing pressing elements, with a predetermined joining force . When assembling, the distance of the pressing elements is detected contactlessly by means of sensor elements and determined from the difference between the total material thickness of the unwelded webs and the distance of the pressing elements of the joining path as a measure of the quality of the weld seam. The contactless detection of the distance between the pressure elements at the welding point results in an optimal and direct measurement, the results of which can be reacted to directly during the welding process. By subtracting the weld seam thickness from the material thickness of the unwelded webs (two, three or more) it can then be determined whether the weld seam geometry is in the range required for sufficient quality. Depending on the attachment of the sensor elements, the distance between the pressure elements can be detected contactlessly by optical or magnetic means or by means of ultrasound.

Vorzugsweise wird als Sensorelement ein Halleffektsensor verwendet, wobei das Magnetfeld für den Halleffektsensor mittels zwei Magneten erzeugt wird, wovon der eine mit einem ersten Andrückelement und der zweite mit einem zweiten Andrückelement verbunden ist, so daß jede Veränderung des Abstands der Andrückelemente auch eine Abstandsveränderung der Magnete bewirkt. Die Abstandsänderung kann derart erfolgen, daß der eine Magnet in seiner Position gehalten wird, während der andere sich relativ dazu bewegt. Im Rahmen des Verfahrens ist es jedoch auch möglich, daß beide Magnete sich relativ zueinander bewegen.A Hall effect sensor is preferably used as the sensor element, the magnetic field for the Hall effect sensor being generated by means of two magnets, one of which is connected to a first pressure element and the second to a second pressure element, so that any change in the distance between the pressure elements also results in a change in the distance between the magnets causes. The change in distance can be such that the one magnet is held in position while the other moves relative to it. However, within the scope of the method it is also possible for the two magnets to move relative to one another.

Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird die Meßwertaufnahme mittels im Bereich jeder Stirnseite von zwei Andrückrollen angeordneten Halleffektsensoren mit Magneten durchgeführt und aus den aufgenommenen Werten der arithmetische Mittelwert ermittelt. Damit kann die Genauigkeit der Fügewegerfassung erhöht werden.According to a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, the measured value is recorded by means of Hall effect sensors with magnets arranged in the area of each end face of two pressure rollers, and the arithmetic mean is determined from the recorded values. This can increase the accuracy of the joining path detection.

Die Meßanordnung umfaßt einen starr mit einem erstenThe measuring arrangement comprises a rigid with a first

Andrückelement verbundenen ersten Magneten und einen starr mit einem zweiten gegenüberliegenden Andrückelement verbundenen zweiten Magneten, die einander gegenüber angeordnet sind und zwischen sich ein Magnetfeld erzeugen, und einen in dem Magnetfeld angeordneten Halleffektsensor, der in Abhängigkeit der Stärke des Magnetfeldes ein elektrisches Signal erzeugt und dieses zu Weiterverarbeitung an eine Auswerteeinheit weiterleitet. Die Andrückelemente können beispielsweise als in entsprechenden Lagerelementen drehbar gelagertePressing element connected first magnet and a rigidly connected to a second opposing pressing element, which are arranged opposite to each other and generate a magnetic field between them, and a Hall effect sensor arranged in the magnetic field, which generates an electrical signal depending on the strength of the magnetic field and this Forwards further processing to an evaluation unit. The pressing elements can, for example, be rotatably mounted in corresponding bearing elements

Andrückrollen ausgebildet sein. Bei den Magneten handelt es sich zweckmäßigerweise um Permanentmagnete, da für die Messung ein gleichmäßiges von den Magneten erzeugtes Magnetfeld erforderlich ist. Grundsätzlich könnte das Gleiche mit allerdings aufwendigeren Elektromagneten auch erreicht werden. Die Magneten sind fest mit den jeweiligen Andrückelementen wie beispielsweise Lagerelementen, an denen die Andrückrollen drehbar gelagert sind, verbunden, so daß jede Abstandsänderung der Andrückelemente auch eine Abstandsänderung der Magnete bewirkt. Dazu werden die Magnete und auch der Halleffektsensor fest in die Lagerelemente eingegossen, um sie auch vor mechanischer Beschädigung und Vibration zu schützen, wobei ein kleinerer Magnet, als Hilfsmagnet bezeichnet, mit dem Halleffektsensor in einem Lagerelement und der andere Magnet, als Hauptmagnet bezeichnet, in dem anderen Lagerelement angeordnet wird. Dadurch ist der Abstand zwischen Halleffektsensor und Hilfsmagnet konstant, was für eine Abstandsmessung zum Hauptmagneten unbedingt erforderlich ist. Der Abstand zwischen dem Hauptmagnet und dem Halleffektsensor wird durch die Öffnungsgröße der Andrückelemente bestimmt. Entsprechend der vom Halleffektsensor empfangenen Magnetfeldstärke des Hauptmagneten erzeugt dieser ein analoges Ausgangssignal, welches den Abstand zwischen den Andrückelemente angibt. Beim Schweißen der Dichtungsbahnen verändert sich der Abstand zwischen der Andrückelemente in Folge der Dickenminderung der Schweißnaht, so daß diese Veränderung kontaktlos erfaßt wird. Zweckmäßigerweise wird als Halleffektsensor ein Halleffekthybrid mit den entsprechenden integrierten elektronischen Schaltkreisen eingesetzt, so daß ein für die Weiterverarbeitung geeignetes analoges Signal abgegeben wird. Dieses Signal wird in einer Auswerteeinheit, in der zuvor die Gesamtmaterialdicke des unverschweißten Material eingegeben wurde, ausgewertet und entsprechend zur Anzeige gebracht. Die Signalaufbereitung und Auswertung erfolgt in einer dem Fachmann geläufigen Art und Weise, in dem beispielsweise die erzeugte Analogspannung von der Messung der Schweißnahtdicke mittels analogen Operationsverstärkern aufbereitet und von einem Analog/Digital-Wandler eines Mikroprozessors eingelesen wird. Für die Linearisierung der Signale wird ein Polynom errechnet und in den Berechnungs- Algorithmus eingesetzt. Der Mikroprozessor errechnet dann die Schweißnahtgeometrie (Fügeweg) aus der Differenz aus der Gesamtmaterialdicke und der Schweißnahtdicke.Pressure rollers should be formed. The magnets are expediently permanent magnets, since a uniform magnetic field generated by the magnets is required for the measurement. In principle, the same could also be achieved with more complex electromagnets. The magnets are firmly connected to the respective pressure elements, such as bearing elements, on which the pressure rollers are rotatably mounted, so that any change in the distance of the pressure elements also causes a change in the distance of the magnets. For this purpose, the magnets and the Hall effect sensor are firmly cast into the bearing elements in order to protect them from mechanical damage and vibration, with a smaller magnet, referred to as an auxiliary magnet, with the Hall effect sensor in one bearing element and the other magnet, referred to as the main magnet, is arranged in the other bearing element. As a result, the distance between the Hall effect sensor and the auxiliary magnet is constant, which is essential for measuring the distance to the main magnet. The distance between the main magnet and the Hall effect sensor is determined by the opening size of the pressure elements. Corresponding to the magnetic field strength of the main magnet received by the Hall effect sensor, this produces an analog output signal which indicates the distance between the pressing elements. When the sealing sheets are welded, the distance between the pressure elements changes as a result of the reduction in the thickness of the weld seam, so that this change is detected without contact. A Hall effect hybrid with the corresponding integrated electronic circuits is expediently used as the Hall effect sensor, so that an analog signal suitable for further processing is emitted. This signal is evaluated in an evaluation unit, in which the total material thickness of the unwelded material was previously entered, and displayed accordingly. The signal processing and evaluation takes place in a manner familiar to the person skilled in the art, in which, for example, the generated analog voltage from the measurement of the weld seam thickness is processed by means of analog operational amplifiers and is read in by an analog / digital converter of a microprocessor. A polynomial is calculated for the linearization of the signals and used in the calculation algorithm. The microprocessor then calculates the weld seam geometry (joining path) from the difference between the total material thickness and the weld seam thickness.

Je nach Anordnung und Aufbau der Andrückelemente kann die Anordnung der Magnete und des Halleffektsensors an verschiedenen Stellen erfolgen. Bei entsprechender Anordnung von Andrückrollen an den zugehörigen Lagerelementen, beispielsweise direkt an den oder seitlich der Stirnseiten der Andrückrollen ist es auch möglich, eine Genauigkeitsverbesserung bei der Messung durch die Verwendung von zwei Halleffektsensoren mit zugeordneten Magneten an jeweils einer Stirnseite zu erreichen. Je nach Aufbau der Schweißeinrichtung, bei der die Meßanordnung Verwendung findet, können beide Andrückelemente oder nur ein Andrückelement in Richtung auf die Materialbahn beweglich ausgestaltet sein.Depending on the arrangement and structure of the pressure elements, the magnets and the Hall effect sensor can be arranged at different locations. With an appropriate arrangement of pressure rollers on the associated bearing elements, for example directly on or laterally the end faces of the pressure rollers, it is also possible to improve the accuracy of the measurement by using two Hall effect sensors with associated magnets on each end face. Depending on the structure of the welding device in which the measuring arrangement is used, both pressing elements or only one pressing element can be designed to be movable in the direction of the material web.

Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen sind den Unteransprüchen für die Meßanordnung zu entnehmen.Further advantageous configurations can be found in the subclaims for the measuring arrangement.

Gemäß einer Ausgestaltung ist der erste Magnet zusammen mit dem Halleffektsenεor an dem oberen Andrückelement und der zweite Magnet an dem unteren Andrückelement angeordnet. Dies ermöglicht einen einfachen Aufbau der Anordnung im Hinblick auf elektrischen Zuleitungen und die mechanische Stabilität. Bei vielen Schweißgeräten ist es zweckmäßig, nur ein Andrückelement in Richtung auf die Materialbahn beweglich auszugestalten. Daher ist die Anordnung des Halleffektsensors in Bereichen des oberen und damit auch beweglich ausgestalteten Andrückelements vorteilhaft.According to one embodiment, the first magnet is arranged together with the Hall effect sensor on the upper pressing element and the second magnet on the lower pressing element. This enables a simple structure of the arrangement with regard to electrical leads and mechanical stability. In many welding devices, it is expedient to design only one pressure element to be movable in the direction of the material web. It is therefore advantageous to arrange the Hall effect sensor in areas of the upper and thus also movable pressure element.

In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung bildet der erste Magnet als Hilfsmagnet ausgestaltet, mit dem Halleffektsensor eine feste Einheit, so daß der Abstand zwischen diesen beiden unveränderlich ist und die Einheit in dem Andrückelement, vor mechanischer Beschädigung und Vibrationen geschützt, eingegossen ist.In a further advantageous embodiment, the first magnet, designed as an auxiliary magnet, forms a fixed unit with the Hall effect sensor, so that the distance between the two is invariable and the unit is cast in the pressing element, protected from mechanical damage and vibrations.

In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausbildung sind die Magnete mit Halleffektsensor an mindestens einer Stirnseite der Andrückelemente und somit seitlich der Schweißnaht angeordnet. Dies vereinfacht den mechanischen Aufbau der Andrückelemente, beispielsweise der Lagerelemente der Andrückrollen, und der Meßanordnung. Dadurch kann gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der erste Magnet und der Halleffektsensor in einem Sensorbalken eingegossen werden, der die Achse der Andrückrolle bildet oder vorzugsweise parallel zu dem Andrückelement angeordnet ist. Somit erfolgt die Anbringung der Meßanordnung in platzsparender und bei der Fertigung in kostengünstiger Art und Weise. Die Anordnung ermöglicht darüberhinaus ohne großen Mehraufwand die Anordnung von Magneten mit einem Halleffektsensor auf jeder der beiden Stirnseiten der Andrückelemente, so daß dadurch die Genauigkeit der Messung erhöht werden kann.In a further preferred embodiment, the magnets with a Hall effect sensor are arranged on at least one end face of the pressing elements and thus on the side of the weld seam. This simplifies the mechanical structure of the pressure elements, for example the bearing elements of the pressure rollers, and the measuring arrangement. According to a preferred embodiment, the first magnet and the Hall effect sensor can thereby be cast in a sensor bar, which forms the axis of the pressure roller or is preferably arranged parallel to the pressure element. The measuring arrangement is thus attached in a space-saving manner and in a cost-effective manner during production. The arrangement also allows the arrangement of magnets with a Hall effect sensor on each of the two end faces of the pressing elements without great additional effort, so that the accuracy of the measurement can be increased.

Das erfindungsgemäß ausgestaltete Vefahren und die Meßanordnung haben den Vorteil, daß sie bei allen verschweißbaren Materialien, wie beispielsweise PE, PVC, ECB, CSPE, EPDM, Bitumen und dergleichen in Bahnen oder Platten, und auch bei allen Arten von Schweißnähten angewendet werden können. Die erfindungsgemäß ausgestaltete Meßanordnung ist bei allen Schweißmaschinen, wie Heißluft-, Heißluftkeil- oder Heizkeilmaschinen einsetzbar. Die Messung mit der Meßanordung erfolgt direkt an der Schmelze, so daß eventuelle Fehler direkt in den Schweißvorgang einfließen können.The method designed according to the invention and the measuring arrangement have the advantage that they can be used for all weldable materials, such as PE, PVC, ECB, CSPE, EPDM, bitumen and the like in sheets or plates, and also for all types of weld seams. The measuring arrangement designed according to the invention can be used in all welding machines, such as hot air, hot air wedge or hot wedge machines. The measurement with the measuring arrangement takes place directly on the melt, so that any errors can flow directly into the welding process.

Nachfolgend wird die Erfindung anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen in Verbindung mit den Zeichnungen näher erläutert.The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of exemplary embodiments in conjunction with the drawings.

Es stellen dar:They represent:

Figur 1 ein Schnittmodell einer Überlappschweißung;Figure 1 is a sectional model of an overlap weld;

Figur 2 eine schematische Schnittdarstellung des Heizsystems;Figure 2 is a schematic sectional view of the heating system;

Figur 3 eine schematische perspektivische Darstellung eines Schweißautomaten;Figure 3 is a schematic perspective view of an automatic welding machine;

Figur 4 eine vergrößerte perspektivische Darstellung desFigure 4 is an enlarged perspective view of the

Sensorbalkens und des Lagerelements für die untere Andrückrolle; Figur 5 eine Schnittdarstellung;Sensor bar and the bearing element for the lower pressure roller; Figure 5 is a sectional view;

Figur 6 ein Blockschaltbild, daß das Prinzip der Auswertung darstellt; undFigure 6 is a block diagram showing the principle of evaluation; and

Figur 7 ein Meßprotokoll von einem Schweißvorgang.Figure 7 is a measurement record of a welding process.

in Figur 1 ist ein Schnittmodell einer Überlappschweißung mit einem Prüfkanal dargestellt. A kennzeichnet die Dicke der oberen und unteren Materialbahn, B die Dicke der Schweißnaht, C die Breite des Prüfkanals und D die Breite der Schweißung. Die Schweißnahtgeometrie (Fügeweg) ergibt sich aus: A-B.1 shows a sectional model of an overlap weld with a test channel. A denotes the thickness of the upper and lower material web, B the thickness of the weld seam, C the width of the test channel and D the width of the weld. The weld seam geometry (joining path) results from: A-B.

Bei dem in Figur 2 εchematiεch dargestellten Schnittmodell des Heizsystems wird die obere Materialbahn 1 und die untere Materialbahn 2 in dem Bereich der Überlappung mittels einer zwischen den Materialbahnen geführtenIn the sectional model of the heating system shown schematically in FIG. 2, the upper material web 1 and the lower material web 2 are guided in the area of the overlap by means of a guide between the material webs

Schweißdüse 3 erwärmt. Direkt nach dem Heißluftaustritt 4 werden die Materialbahnen mittels Andrück- und Antriebsrollen 5 und 6 mit der gewünschten Fügekraft zusammengefügt. Die Rollen 7 dienen als Niederhalter. Durch diesen Aufbau ergeben sich drei aufeinander abgestimmte Heizzonen 8, 9 und 10, wobei in der Heizzone 8 mit dem Heizstrom 8' das Vorwärmen und Säubern des Materials, in der Heizzone 9 die Kontaktwärme und in der Heizzone 10 die Materialdurchwärmung erfolgt. Mit dem Pfeil ist die Schweißrichtung markiert.Welding nozzle 3 warmed. Immediately after the hot air outlet 4, the material webs are pressed together with pressure and drive rollers 5 and 6 with the desired joining force. The rollers 7 serve as hold-down devices. This construction results in three coordinated heating zones 8, 9 and 10, the preheating and cleaning of the material in the heating zone 8 with the heating current 8 ′, the contact heat in the heating zone 9 and the material heating in the heating zone 10. The direction of welding is marked with the arrow.

Figur 3 zeigt ein Ausführungsbeispiel mit einem Heißluft- Schweißautomat 11 der in seinem Gehäuse 12 eine nicht dargestellte Steuerung mit Auswerteeinheit aufweist. An dem Gehäuse 12 befindet sich ein Drucker 13 für das Ausdrucken von Meßprotokollen sowie ein Display 14 und eine Tastatur 15 für die Eingabe der für den reibungslosen Schweißvorgang erforderlichen Daten, unter anderem auch der Gesamtmaterialstärke der unverschweißten Materialbahnen. Das Gehäuse 12 ist an einem Rahmen 16 befestigt, der eine Heizeinrichtung 17 mit einer keilförmigen Heißluftdüse 18 aufweist. An dem Rahmen 16 befindet sich eine obere Andrückrolle 5 und eine untere Andrückrolle 6, die in einem ensprechenden Lagerelement 19 bzw. 20 drehbar gelagert sind. Das obere Lagerelement 19 ist beweglich an dem Rahmen 16 gehalten, so daß der Anpreßdruck der Rolle eingestellt werden kann. Das untere Lagerelement 20 ist starr mit dem Rahmen 16 verbunden. Das obere Lagerelement 19 weist einen Sensorbalken 21 auf, der mit Halleffektsensoren 22 (vgl. Figur 4) sowie Hilfsmagneten 23 ausgestattet ist. Der Sensorbalken 21 in der Figur 3 ist parallel vor der Andrückrolle 5 angebracht, so daß die Halleffektsensoren 22 zwischen dem Hilfsmagneten 23 und in dem unterenFIG. 3 shows an exemplary embodiment with an automatic hot-air welding machine 11 which has a control (not shown) with an evaluation unit in its housing 12. On the housing 12 there is a printer 13 for printing out measurement reports and a display 14 and a keyboard 15 for entering the data required for the smooth welding process, including the total material thickness of the unwelded material webs. The housing 12 is fastened to a frame 16 which has a heating device 17 with a wedge-shaped hot air nozzle 18. On the frame 16 there is an upper pressure roller 5 and a lower pressure roller 6, which are rotatably mounted in a corresponding bearing element 19 or 20. The upper bearing element 19 is movably held on the frame 16 so that the contact pressure of the roller can be adjusted. The lower bearing element 20 is rigidly connected to the frame 16. The upper bearing element 19 has a sensor bar 21 which is equipped with Hall effect sensors 22 (cf. FIG. 4) and auxiliary magnets 23. The sensor bar 21 in Figure 3 is mounted in parallel in front of the pressure roller 5, so that the Hall effect sensors 22 between the auxiliary magnet 23 and in the lower one

Lagerelement 20 befestigten Hauptmagneten 24 seitlich der Stirnseiten der Andrückrollen und seitlich der Schweißnaht angeordnet sind. Die Andrückrolle 5 und der Sensorbalken 21 sind am Pendelkopf 31 des Heißluftschweißautomaten 11 befestigt. Der Pendelkopf sorgt für ein optimale, parallele Fügekraftverteilung auf die beiden Andrückrollen. Bei Materialtoleranzen der Dichtungsbahnen oder beim Schweißen eines T-Stoßes (Anschweißen einer dritten Materialbahn an bereits zwei miteinander verschweißten Materialbahnen) ist zwar die Fügekraftverteilung parallel, jedoch die Dickenmessung der äußeren und inneren Schweißnaht unterschiedlich.Bearing element 20 attached main magnets 24 are arranged on the side of the end faces of the pressure rollers and on the side of the weld seam. The pressure roller 5 and the sensor bar 21 are attached to the pendulum head 31 of the hot air welding machine 11. The pendulum head ensures optimal, parallel distribution of the joining force on the two pressure rollers. With material tolerances of the sealing sheets or when welding a T-joint (welding a third material sheet onto two material sheets already welded together), the distribution of the joining force is parallel, but the thickness measurement of the outer and inner weld seam is different.

Figur 4 zeigt in vergrößerter Darstellung den Sensorbalken 21 und das Lagerelement 20 mit zwei Hauptmagneten 24, die fest in das als Aluminiumgußteil ausgebildete Lagerelement 20 integriert sind. In den Sensorbalken 21, der ebenfalls als Aluminiumgußteil ausgebildet ist, sind die Halleffektsensoren 22 zusammen mit dem entsprechenden Hilfsmagneten 23 eingegossen. Die Halleffektsensoren 22 und die Hilfsmagneten 23 bilden eine Einheit, so daß der Abstand zwischen diesen unverändert ist und eine sichere Betriebsweise des Geräts gestattet. Die Halleffektsensoren sind als sogenannte Halleffekthybride mit der entsprechenden Auswerteelektronik ausgestattet. Die Öffnung 25 dient für die Herausführung der elektrischen Kabel. Die Magnete können im Abstand und Dimension so kalkuliert und plaziert werden, daß sich im Nullpunkt die Magnetfelder aufheben. Damit ist ein negativer und positiver Meßbereich möglich. Dieser Meßaufbau bietet hohe Genauigkeit und unendliche Auflösung.FIG. 4 shows an enlarged representation of the sensor bar 21 and the bearing element 20 with two main magnets 24, which are firmly integrated in the bearing element 20 designed as an aluminum casting. The Hall effect sensors 22 are cast together with the corresponding auxiliary magnet 23 into the sensor bar 21, which is also designed as a cast aluminum part. The Hall effect sensors 22 and the auxiliary magnets 23 form a unit, so that the distance between them is unchanged and permits safe operation of the device. The Hall effect sensors are so-called Hall effect hybrids with the appropriate evaluation electronics. The opening 25 serves to lead out the electrical cables. The distance and dimension of the magnets can be calculated and placed so that the magnetic fields cancel each other out. This enables a negative and positive measuring range. This measurement setup offers high accuracy and infinite resolution.

Figur 5 zeigt einen Querschnitt durch das Auεführungsbeispiel. Die beiden in dem Sensorbalken 21 angeordneten Halleffektsensoren 22 mit den Hilfsmagneten 23 sind an der Stirnseite 26 der oberen Andrückrolle 5 und die Hauptmagnete 24 an den Stirnseiten 27 der unteren Andrückrolle 6 angeordnet. Die Andrückrollen 5, 6 sind so ausgestaltet, daß in der Mitte der unverschweißte Teil für den Prüfkanal übrig bleibt. Grundsätzlich könnten dafür auch jeweils zwei getrennte Rollen vorgesehen sein. Der mit den Pfeilen gekennzeichnete Abstand der beiden Andrückrollen ergibt das Dickemaß für die Messung aus dem dann der Fügeweg ermittelt wird. Der Abstand zwiεchen dem Hauptmagneten 24 und den Halleffektsensoren 22 wird durch die Öffnungsgröße der Andrückrollen bestimmt. Als Halleffektεenεoren und Magnete werden übliche im Handel erhältliche Elemente verwendet.FIG. 5 shows a cross section through the exemplary embodiment. The two Hall effect sensors 22 arranged in the sensor bar 21 with the auxiliary magnets 23 are arranged on the end face 26 of the upper pressure roller 5 and the main magnets 24 on the end faces 27 of the lower pressure roller 6. The pressure rollers 5, 6 are designed so that the unwelded part remains for the test channel in the middle. In principle, two separate roles could also be provided for this. The distance between the two pressure rollers indicated by the arrows gives the thickness dimension for the measurement, from which the joining path is then determined. The distance between the main magnet 24 and the Hall effect sensors 22 is determined by the opening size of the pressure rollers. Common commercially available elements are used as Hall effect sensors and magnets.

Figur 6 zeigt ein prinzipielles Blockdiagramm mit den Halleffektsensoren 22, die über eine Abgleich- und Verstärkerschaltung 28 mit einem Analogdigitalwandler 29 verbunden sind. Der Analogdigitalwandler ist ein Teil eines Mikroprozessors 30 in dem die Auswertung der von den Sensoren erfolgten Signale unter Berücksichtigung der über die Tastatur 15 eingegebenen Werte erfolgt, indem aus den beiden Meßergebnissen der arithmetische Mittelwert errechnet, anschließend die Signale linearisiert und der Fügeweg aus der maximalen Materialdicke abzüglich der Schweißnahtdicke berechnet und über den Drucker 13 zum Ausdruck gebracht wird. In Figur 7 ist beispielhaft ein derartiges Druckprotokoll mit Verlaufkurve der Schweißung zu entnehmen. Das Druckprotokoll gibt den Meßbereich sowie die Maximal- und Minimalwerte der Schweißtemperatur, derFIG. 6 shows a basic block diagram with the Hall effect sensors 22, which are connected to an analog / digital converter 29 via a matching and amplifier circuit 28. The analog-to-digital converter is part of a microprocessor 30 in which the signals from the sensors are evaluated, taking into account the values entered via the keyboard 15, by calculating the arithmetic mean from the two measurement results, then linearizing the signals and the joining path from the maximum material thickness minus the weld thickness is calculated and printed out via the printer 13. Such a pressure protocol with a course curve of the weld can be seen as an example in FIG. The pressure report gives the measuring range as well as the maximum and minimum values of the welding temperature

Schweißgeschwindigkeit, des Fügedruckes, der Schweißnahtdicke und des Fügewegs an. Darüberhinaus wird noch die Materialdicke, die Umgebungstemperatur und die Nahtlänge ausgedruckt. Der Ausdruck weiterer physikalischer Größen sowie Meß- und Prüfergebnisse ist möglich. Welding speed, the joining pressure, the welding seam thickness and the joining path. The material thickness, the ambient temperature and the seam length are also printed out. It is possible to print out further physical quantities as well as measurement and test results.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims l. Verfahren zum Messen der Schweißnahtgemoetrie beiml. Procedure for measuring the weld geometry at the Verschweißen von Überlappnähten, Bandnähten, Drahtnähten oder Auftragεnähten bei schweißbaren Materialien, die mittels einer Heißluftdüse, Heißluftkeils oder eines Heizkeils erwärmt und anschließend mittels Andrückelementen mit einer vorgegebenen Fügekraft zusammengefügt werden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Abstand der Andrückelemente beim Zusammenfügen mittels Sensorelementen kontaktlos erfaßt und aus der Differenz zwischen der gesamten Materialdicke der unverschweißten Materialien und dem Abstand der Andrückelemente der Fügeweg als Maß für die Güte der Schweißnaht ermittelt wird.Welding overlap seams, band seams, wire seams or application seams for weldable materials, which are heated by means of a hot air nozzle, hot air wedge or a heating wedge and then joined together by means of pressure elements with a predetermined joining force, characterized in that the distance between the pressure elements when they are joined together by means of sensor elements is detected and made contactless the difference between the total material thickness of the unwelded materials and the distance between the pressing elements of the joining path is determined as a measure of the quality of the weld seam. 2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Dicke der Schweißnaht mittels eines mit dem Andrückelement verbundenen Halleffektsensors durchgeführt wird.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the thickness of the weld seam is carried out by means of a Hall effect sensor connected to the pressing element. 3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Magnetfeld für den Halleffektsensor mittels zwei Magneten erzeugt wird, wovon der eine mit einem ersten Andrückelement und der zweite mit einem auf der anderen Seite des Materials angeordneten zweiten Andrückelement verbunden ist, so daß jede Veränderung des Abstands der Andrückelemente auch eine Abstandsveränderung der Magnete bewirkt.3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the magnetic field for the Hall effect sensor is generated by means of two magnets, one of which is connected to a first pressing element and the second to a second pressing element arranged on the other side of the material, so that any change the distance of the Pressure elements also cause a change in the distance of the magnets. 4. Verfahren nach einem Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Meßwertaufnahme mittels seitlich der Schweißnaht im Bereich jeder Stirnseite der beiden Andrückelemente angeordneten Halleffektsensoren mit Magneten durchgeführt und aus den aufgenommenen Werten der arithmetische Mittelwert ermittelt wird.4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that the measured value recording by means of the side of the weld in the region of each end face of the two pressing elements arranged Hall effect sensors with magnets is carried out and the arithmetic mean is determined from the recorded values. 5. Meßanordnung zum Messen der Schweißnahtgeometrie beim Verschweißen von Überlappnähten, Bandnähten, Drahtnähten oder Auftragsnähten bei schweißbaren Materialien, die mittels einer Heißluftdüse, Heißluftkeils oder eines .5. Measuring arrangement for measuring the weld seam geometry when welding lap seams, band seams, wire seams or application seams for weldable materials, using a hot air nozzle, hot air wedge or a. Heizkeils erwärmt und anschließend mittels Andrückelementen mit einer vorgegebenen Fügekraft zusammengefügt werden, gekennzeichnet durch, einen starr mit einem Andrückelement (5, 19) verbundenen ersten Magneten (23) und einen starr mit einem auf der anderen Materialseite angeordneten zweiten Andrückelement (6, 20) verbundenen zweiten Magneten (24), die einander gegenüber angeordnet sind und zwischen sich ein Magnetfeld erzeugen, undHeating wedge is heated and then joined together by means of pressing elements with a predetermined joining force, characterized by a first magnet (23) rigidly connected to a pressing element (5, 19) and a rigidly connected to a second pressing element (6, 20) arranged on the other material side second magnets (24) which are arranged opposite one another and generate a magnetic field between them, and einen in dem Magnetfeld angeordneten Halleffektsensor (22), der in Abhängigkeit der Stärke des Magnetfeldes ein elektrisches Signal erzeugt und dieses zur Weiterverarbeitung an eine Auswerteeinheit (30) weiterleitet.a Hall effect sensor (22) arranged in the magnetic field, which generates an electrical signal as a function of the strength of the magnetic field and forwards it to an evaluation unit (30) for further processing. 6. Meßanordnung nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der erste Magnet (23) zusammen mit dem Halleffektsensor (22) an dem oberen Andrückelement (5, 19) und der zweite Magnet (24) an dem unteren Andrückelement (6, 20) angeordnet ist.6. Measuring arrangement according to claim 5, characterized in that the first magnet (23) together with the Hall effect sensor (22) on the upper pressure element (5, 19) and the second magnet (24) on the lower pressure element (6, 20) is. 7. Meßanordnung nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der erste Magnet (23) als Hilfsmagnet ausgebildet, mit dem Halleffektsensor (22) eine feste Einheit bildet. 7. Measuring arrangement according to claim 6, characterized in that the first magnet (23) is designed as an auxiliary magnet with the Hall effect sensor (22) forms a fixed unit. 8. Meßanordnung nach einem der vorangegangenen Ansprüche 5 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Magnete (23, 24) mit Halleffektsensor (22) seitlich der Schweißnaht an mindestens einer Stirnseite (26, 27) der Andrückelemente (5, 6) angeordnet sind.8. Measuring arrangement according to one of the preceding claims 5 to 7, characterized in that the magnets (23, 24) with Hall effect sensor (22) are arranged on the side of the weld seam on at least one end face (26, 27) of the pressing elements (5, 6). 9. Meßanordnung nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der erste Magnet (23) und der Halleffektsensor (22) in einem Sensorbalken (21) eingegossen ist, der parallel zu dem Andrückelement (5, 19) angeordnet ist.9. Measuring arrangement according to claim 8, characterized in that the first magnet (23) and the Hall effect sensor (22) is cast in a sensor bar (21) which is arranged parallel to the pressing element (5, 19). 10. Meßanordnung nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß auf beiden Stirnseiten (26, 27) der Andrückelemente (5,10. Measuring arrangement according to claim 9, characterized in that on both end faces (26, 27) of the pressing elements (5, 6) Magnete (23, 24) mit jeweils einem Halleffektsensor (22) angeordnet sind. 6) magnets (23, 24), each with a Hall effect sensor (22) are arranged.
PCT/EP1994/002103 1994-06-28 1994-06-28 Process and device for measuring weld seam geometry Ceased WO1996000881A1 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP1994/002103 WO1996000881A1 (en) 1994-06-28 1994-06-28 Process and device for measuring weld seam geometry
AU71250/94A AU7125094A (en) 1994-06-28 1994-06-28 Process and device for measuring weld seam geometry

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP1994/002103 WO1996000881A1 (en) 1994-06-28 1994-06-28 Process and device for measuring weld seam geometry

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WO1996000881A1 true WO1996000881A1 (en) 1996-01-11

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WO (1) WO1996000881A1 (en)

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WO1996014202A3 (en) * 1994-11-07 1996-07-04 Walter Herrmann Ultraschalltec Continuous ultrasound machining process and device for webs of material
DE102010036508A1 (en) 2010-07-20 2012-01-26 Koki Technik Transmission Systems Gmbh Method for determining geometry of weld seam in or on material for representing quality of weld seam, involves melting material in region of weld seam, subjecting material to spectral analysis, and producing plasma by melting material
EP4008527A1 (en) * 2020-12-07 2022-06-08 Herz Austria Gesellschaft m.b.H Welding device

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DE7404530U (en) * 1974-09-19 Pfaff Gmbh Welding device
DE9012841U1 (en) * 1990-09-08 1990-11-15 G.M. Pfaff Ag, 6750 Kaiserslautern Welding machine with a recording device for welding parameter data
DE4104460C1 (en) * 1991-02-14 1992-08-20 Agfa-Gevaert Ag, 5090 Leverkusen, De
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE7404530U (en) * 1974-09-19 Pfaff Gmbh Welding device
US3826701A (en) * 1972-10-31 1974-07-30 Us Army Controllable heat sealing process for optimum seal strength
DE9012841U1 (en) * 1990-09-08 1990-11-15 G.M. Pfaff Ag, 6750 Kaiserslautern Welding machine with a recording device for welding parameter data
DE4104460C1 (en) * 1991-02-14 1992-08-20 Agfa-Gevaert Ag, 5090 Leverkusen, De
DE4230882A1 (en) * 1992-09-16 1994-03-17 Pfaff Ag G M Controlling seam quality in welding thermoplastic sheet - by constantly measuring roller pressure, comparing with set value using computer, and adjusting roller speed accordingly

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1996014202A3 (en) * 1994-11-07 1996-07-04 Walter Herrmann Ultraschalltec Continuous ultrasound machining process and device for webs of material
DE102010036508A1 (en) 2010-07-20 2012-01-26 Koki Technik Transmission Systems Gmbh Method for determining geometry of weld seam in or on material for representing quality of weld seam, involves melting material in region of weld seam, subjecting material to spectral analysis, and producing plasma by melting material
EP4008527A1 (en) * 2020-12-07 2022-06-08 Herz Austria Gesellschaft m.b.H Welding device
EP4008527B1 (en) 2020-12-07 2024-06-26 Herz Austria Gesellschaft m.b.H Use of a welding device

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