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WO1996000458A1 - Dispositif pour la limitation d'un courant de court-circuit dans un reseau - Google Patents

Dispositif pour la limitation d'un courant de court-circuit dans un reseau Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1996000458A1
WO1996000458A1 PCT/DE1995/000755 DE9500755W WO9600458A1 WO 1996000458 A1 WO1996000458 A1 WO 1996000458A1 DE 9500755 W DE9500755 W DE 9500755W WO 9600458 A1 WO9600458 A1 WO 9600458A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
circuit
short
current
series
capacitor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/DE1995/000755
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Kadry Sadek
Marcos-Antonio Pereira
Norbert Christl
Peter LÜTZELBERGER
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG, Siemens Corp filed Critical Siemens AG
Priority to AU26111/95A priority Critical patent/AU2611195A/en
Publication of WO1996000458A1 publication Critical patent/WO1996000458A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
    • H02H9/02—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess current
    • H02H9/028—Current limitation by detuning a series resonant circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/26—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for limiting a short-circuit current in a network.
  • the short-circuit current is usually much larger than the load current.
  • This short-circuit current often has a value which is well above 10 kA. In strong high-voltage networks, the short-circuit current can even be higher than 40 kA.
  • Limiting a short-circuit current in a network or parts of this network, for example switchgear is desirable since this leads to a low load on the switchgear, in particular its circuit breakers.
  • the circuit breakers of this switchgear are designed to interrupt this short-circuit current. Limiting the short-circuit current can therefore help to reduce the costs of the switchgear. The influence of the short circuit on the other parts of the network is also reduced, which is an additional advantage.
  • a choke In order to limit the short-circuit current without delimiting the operating mode of the system, a choke has hitherto been switched in series with a branch of a switchgear. tet. This limits the short-circuit current, but introducing a choke into a branch of a switchgear or network has the disadvantage that an increase in reactive power is caused in normal operation.
  • the throttle influences the load flow, so that the load distribution in the branches which are connected to the system may become unfavorable.
  • a current limiter with which a short-circuit current is limited is known from DE magazine “etz", volume 115, 1994, number 9, pages 492 to 494.
  • the Ig limiter consists of an extremely fast switch that can carry a high nominal current but has a low switching capacity, and a fuse with a high breaking capacity arranged in parallel.
  • the current flowing through the Ig limiter is monitored in an electronic measuring and triggering device.
  • This measuring and tripping device has a plurality of functional modules in a pivotable frame and a tripping current transformer for each phase. With this device, current instantaneous values and current rise rates are continuously measured and evaluated.
  • Such an Ig limiter can be used in the coupling of systems or subsystems which would not be sufficiently short-circuit proof if connected in parallel via a circuit breaker.
  • the Ig limiter limits the short-circuit current in the first rise and separates the system into two parts of the system before the instantaneous current value reaches an impermissibly high value.
  • both subsystems are coupled via the Ig limiter.
  • such an Ig limiter can also be connected in parallel with a choke coil. Then, in the event of a short circuit behind the choke coil, the Ig limiter trips and the current commutates in the first current rise to the parallel choke coil.
  • Ig limiters are only manufactured for voltage values from 750 V to 36 kV and current values from 1250 A to 4500 A, the maximum voltage value and the maximum current value not being able to be managed by a limiter.
  • the invention is based on the object of specifying a device for limiting a short-circuit current for higher operating currents and voltages in a network, without verifying the undesirable effects mentioned above on the reactive power and on the load distribution in normal operation causes.
  • the device for limiting a short-circuit current in a network consists of a parallel connection of a capacitor and a series circuit consisting of at least one inductor and a switch, and a control circuit for generating a control signal for this switch, the The capacitor is electrically connected in series with a branch of the network and the control circuit is supplied with measured values of a capacitor voltage and a current on the input side.
  • This device has the property that it has two different impedance values, namely one for normal operation and one for fault operation (short circuit). Both impedance values are mainly determined by the design of the capacitor and the selectable choke.
  • the switchable choke is blocked during normal operation of the switchgear, resulting in an impedance value that is suitable for normal operation.
  • the switchable choke is switched on, which causes a change in the value of the impedance of the system, so that the short-circuit current in the switchgear, in particular in the circuit breaker, is limited to a predetermined value.
  • the control circuit By means of the control circuit, the measured values of a capacitor voltage, a capacitor of the device and a current, in particular a branch current, in which the Device inserted, are fed, the normal operation and the fault operation of the network or the switchgear are determined.
  • the capacitor voltage is used to determine the malfunction and the current is used to determine the normal operation of the system.
  • a control signal is generated with which the switching action (on / off) of the switch is controlled.
  • this device for limiting a short-circuit current in a network
  • the short circuit current is limited to a predetermined value since the resulting value of the impedance of the device is inductive.
  • the resulting value of the impedance of this device is designed so that it is suitable for normal operation without the reactive power being increased or the load flow being influenced in an undesirable manner.
  • This device according to the invention thus gives the possibility of individually limiting short-circuit currents in any networks by dimensioning the two complex resistances of the device according to the invention, further network requirements, such as asymmetry, security and partial compensation, being able to be taken into account.
  • a further choke is electrically connected in series with the parallel connection.
  • This further choke provides a further degree of freedom for the adjustment of the device to any network, whereby the consideration of network requirements can be implemented much better in normal operation, without this having an adverse effect on the limitation of the short-circuit current in disturbance operation.
  • a resistor is electrically connected in series or in parallel with the connectable choke. This resistance dampens vibrations that arise when the switchable choke is switched on - oscillating current between the choke and the capacitor.
  • a fixed or a non-linear resistor can be used as the resistor. A combination of a fixed and a non-linear resistor is also possible.
  • At least one further series circuit consisting of a choke and a switch, is connected in parallel with the series circuit.
  • the limited short-circuit current is divided into a plurality of parallel series circuits, so that the current load on the switches is lower, which means that inexpensive electronic switches can be used.
  • the size of the throttle is reduced, which also reduces the size of the device according to the invention. It is thus possible to construct a device with a plurality of parallel series connections with which a short-circuit current can be limited to a higher value without the costs increasing drastically.
  • FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of the device according to the invention within a switchgear
  • FIG. 2 shows a second embodiment of the device according to the invention in a supply line of a switchgear
  • FIG. 3 shows a third embodiment of the device according to the invention in a connection line of two switchgear
  • the FIG. 4 shows a fourth embodiment of the device according to the invention in a connecting line between two switchgear assemblies
  • the supply line in FIG. 2 is shown without limitation, the current curve in the circuit breaker or in the connecting line in FIG. 2 being shown in a diagram over time t in FIGS. 6 and 8, with FIG. 9 illustrating a diagram above the
  • FIG. 10 is a diagram of the time t
  • FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of the device 2 according to the invention for limiting a short-circuit current in a switchgear assembly 4.
  • the device 2 is arranged within a busbar 6 of the switchgear assembly 4, so that the switchgear assembly 4 is divided into two parts 8 and 10. in the
  • Switchgear 8 the current I, which is conducted via a line 12, a transformer 14 and a circuit breaker 16 from an energy source, not shown, is distributed over a plurality of lines 18, each of which is connected to the busbar 6 by means of a circuit breaker 20.
  • the switchgear part 10 is constructed identically to the switchgear part 8.
  • the device 2 consists of a capacitor Cg, to which a series circuit 22 is connected in parallel, an inductor Lg and a control circuit 24.
  • the capacitor Cg and the inductor Lg are electrically in series switched. This series connection is in turn electrically connected in series with the busbar 6 of the switchgear 4.
  • the series circuit 22 connected in parallel with the capacitor Cg consists of a choke Lp, which consists of two parts, and a switch 26. A spark gap or an electrical switch can be used as the switch 26.
  • a thyristor switch is preferably used as the electrical switch 26, which consists for example of two antiparallel switched thyristors or thyristors that can be switched off, so-called gate turn-off (GTO) thyristors.
  • GTO gate turn-off
  • each thyristor or disconnectable thyristor of the electrical switch 26 can consist of several thyristors connected in series and in parallel or disconnectable thyristors.
  • each thyristor or thyristor that can be switched off has a protective circuit and a thyristor electronics consisting of an ignition module and an electronics module, which are not shown in detail for reasons of clarity.
  • Such thyristor modules are used, for example, in static reactive current compensators and are shown, for example, in the article "Power converters for static reactive current compensators", printed in the DE magazine “Siemens Energy Technology", Volume 3, 1981, Issue 11-12, pages 353-357 and described.
  • measuring transducers which, on the one hand, determine the current Ij ⁇ in the busbar 6 and, on the other hand, the capacitor voltage Uc of the capacitor Cg and feed them to the control circuit 24.
  • the switch 26 shown here as a thyristor valve is in the open state.
  • the impedance of the device 2 is then equal to the impedance of the inductor Lg plus the impedance of the capacitor Cg.
  • These two impedances are designed so that the resulting impedance is suitable for normal operation.
  • this fault is recognized as a result of the rise in the capacitor voltage U ⁇ and the switch 26 is closed as a result of a generated control signal, as a result of which the inductor Lp is electrically connected in parallel with the capacitor Cg.
  • the impedance of the device 2 changes such that the resulting impedance is now equal to the impedance of the inductor Lg plus the impedance of the parallel connection of the capacitor Cg and the inductor Lp.
  • the design of these components Cg, Lg and Lp of the device 2 determines that the resulting impedance is in the inductive range. How large the value of this resulting impedance will be depends on the level of the desired limitation of the short-circuit current 1 ⁇ .
  • the current through the circuit breaker 20 of the switchgear part 10 at point X is kept below a predeterminable value which is predetermined such that this circuit breaker 20 can interrupt the limited short-circuit current I ⁇ .
  • the short-circuit current I through this circuit breaker 20 of the switchgear part 10 at point X would be the sum of the existing short-circuit powers in the event of a short-circuit at location X, which would exceed the current cut-off capability of this circuit breaker 20 . Without the device 2 according to the invention, the circuit breaker 20 would have to be replaced by a stronger circuit breaker.
  • FIG. 2 shows a second embodiment of the device 2 according to the invention, which is arranged in a supply line 28 of a switchgear assembly A.
  • the inductor Lg could be dispensed with, since the impedance of the inductor Lg is replaced by the impedance of the connecting line 28.
  • the connectable throttle Lp is not divided into two partial throttles.
  • a resistor Rp is electrically in series switched with the selectable throttle Lp. This resistance Rp dampens the vibrations that occur due to the energy exchange between the capacitor Cg and the choke Lp. Because of the clarity, the control circuit 24 and the associated measuring sensors for line current and capacitor voltage are not shown in more detail.
  • the switch 26 is kept open in normal operation by means of the control circuit 24, and the impedance of the device 2 is equal to the impedance of the capacitor Cg.
  • the capacitor Cg is chosen so that its impedance is matched for the normal operation of the switchgear assembly A.
  • FIG. 3 shows a third embodiment of the device 2 according to the invention, which is arranged in a connecting line 30 of two switchgear assemblies A and B.
  • the connectable throttle Lp is not divided into two partial throttles.
  • a resistor Rp is provided, which, in contrast to the embodiment according to FIG. 2, is electrically connected in parallel with the inductor Lp.
  • a resistance Rp is also a non-linear resistance, with for example, uses a metal oxide varistor, whereby the task of the resistor Rp does not change.
  • the switchgear assembly A which is supplied by the lines Line A and Line B, must be connected to a stronger switchgear assembly B by a connecting line 30, which in the exemplary embodiment is 2 km long, in order to cover the additional power requirement after increased energy consumption.
  • Switchgear A has a short-circuit power of 4.4 GVA
  • switchgear B has a short-circuit power of 6.9 GVA.
  • Switchgear B increases the short-circuit power significantly, so that a significantly higher short-circuit current will also be set in the event of a short-circuit.
  • a device 2 according to the invention is arranged in connecting line 30 in order to limit the current in faulty operation in connecting line 30 or in circuit breaker 20 of switchgear assembly A.
  • a numerical example will also be given later for this exemplary embodiment.
  • FIG. 4 shows a fourth embodiment of the device 2 according to the invention, which is also arranged in a connecting line 30 between two switchgear assemblies A and B.
  • the connectable throttle Lp is not divided into two partial throttles.
  • a further series circuit 32 is electrically connected in parallel to the series circuit 22.
  • This series circuit 32 also contains a switch 26 and an inductor Lp.
  • a resistor Rp is provided, which, in contrast to the embodiment according to FIG. 3, consists of a series connection of a fixed resistor and a non-linear resistor, for example a metal oxide variator, and which is electrically parallel to the series circuits 22 and 32 connected in parallel is switched.
  • the resistor Rp constructed in this way is used to measure the capacitor voltage in the event of a short circuit before the switch is switched on 26 limit, so that the oscillation flow between the chokes L p and the capacitor Cg does not exceed a certain value after the switch 26 is switched on and is damped more quickly.
  • the short-circuit current is divided between these parallel branches 22 and 32. It is thus possible either to use particularly inexpensive thyristors as switches 26 or to handle high, limited short-circuit currents with a reasonable outlay.
  • this illustration shows some details of the control circuit 24.
  • This control circuit 24 has on the input side a device 34 for detecting a malfunction and a device 36 for detecting a normal operation.
  • the control circuit 24 On the output side, the control circuit 24 has a control device 38, at the output of which a control signal for the switch 26 is present.
  • This control device 38 is linked on the input side to the outputs of the device 34 and 36.
  • the device 36 for detecting normal operation is connected on the input side to the output of a sensor 40 which is arranged in the connecting line 30. Measured values of the voltage of the capacitor Cg are supplied on the input side to the device 34 for detecting the malfunction.
  • the devices 34 and 36 each have, for example, a limit transmitter and a comparator circuit, each of which is linked on the input side to the limit transmitter and the input of the device 34 and 36, respectively.
  • the comparator circuit compares the supplied measured value with a predetermined limit value and generates a signal when the limit is exceeded or fallen below.
  • the generated signal S in the control device 38 activates the generation of a control signal, as a result of which the switch 26 closes and the short-circuit current present is limited to a predetermined value.
  • the switch 26 closes and the short-circuit current present is limited to a predetermined value.
  • I K g short-circuit current in the line / branch without limitation I ⁇ short-circuit current in the line / branch after the limit I £ K current through the capacitor during the short circuit Ip ⁇ current through the switchable inductor during the short-circuit
  • the formula (1) is preferably used when a series inductance XLg is already present, for example a line 28 in the embodiment according to FIG. 2.
  • the desired degree of compensation a and the limiting factor k are then given.
  • Formula (2) enables the reactance X ⁇ g of the capacitor Cg to be calculated from the desired reactance X ⁇ of the arrangement during the short circuit and the reactance Xj for normal operation, by using the resonance frequency fp of the parallel connection of the selectable inductor Lp and the capacitor Cg or the frequency factor F already selects in advance.
  • This frequency fp is also referred to as the discharge frequency.
  • Reactance Xp of the selectable inductor Lp then results from the formula (1).
  • a new line 28 is connected to a 230 kV, 50 Hz switchgear assembly A.
  • the line 28 has a series reactance of 6.6 ⁇ and causes an additional short-circuit power of 4 GVA in the switchgear assembly A, which corresponds to a current of 10 kA.
  • this current In order that the breaking capacity of the circuit breakers 20 is not exceeded, this current must be limited to 5 kA. They also want to compensate for 40% of the line inductance.
  • the degree of compensation a becomes:
  • the current Ip K (FIG. 9) in the switchable inductor Lp is calculated using the formula (4):
  • the current I Q K in the capacitor Cg during the short circuit is determined using the formula (3):
  • the control of the switch 26 is set for the voltage Uc so that the thyristors are fired when this voltage is reached.
  • the current I K through the capacitor Cg is higher than the short-circuit current I (FIG. 7 without limitation; FIG. 8 with limitation) in line 28.
  • a damping resistor Rp is placed in series with the switchable choke Lp. It is designed according to the study of the transient process.
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 each show the current curve in the circuit breaker 20 at the point X of the switchgear assembly A according to FIG. 2 in a diagram over time t without and with limitation.
  • the time profiles of current and voltage in this application which are each shown in FIGS. 5 to 10, show the dynamic case, whereas the formulas given relate to the effective value of the currents and apply to the steady state.
  • FIG. 3 A 230 kV, 60 Hz switchgear assembly A, which has a short-circuit power of 4.4 GVA, is connected to a switchgear assembly B, which has a short-circuit power of 6.9 GVA.
  • the connection is made through a 2 km long line 30 with an impedance of 0.8 ⁇ .
  • a device of the type shown is inserted into the connecting line 30 in order to limit the short-circuit current in the switchgear assembly A. This must not be higher than 30 kA.
  • a factor of 1 / 1.2 due to asymmetry and a safety factor of 0.9 should also be taken into account.
  • the short-circuit current through the connecting line 30 must be limited to I. This short-circuit current results from the total short-circuit current at point X minus the contribution from system A. This value is calculated from the information as:
  • the connecting line 30 without current limitation provides at the switchgear A a source with the impedance Z ⁇ ⁇ of
  • the discharge frequency fp is chosen as 125 Hz.
  • the frequency factor F is then:
  • the reactance is X L g of the choke Lg inserted in series
  • the reactance Xp of the switchable inductor Lp is calculated according to the formula (6):
  • the control of the switch 26 is set for this capacitor voltage UCK, so that the thyristors are fired when this voltage is reached.
  • the current i is ICK n
  • the capacitor Cg in this example is lower than the short-circuit current I ⁇ -
  • a zinc oxide arrester is connected in parallel to the arrangement. This is designed according to the study of the transient process.
  • the device 2 according to the invention can in each case be dimensioned individually for each case, further network conditions also being able to be taken into account.
  • the main task of this device 2, namely to limit a short-circuit current in the network or its parts, is always fulfilled without increasing the reactive power or influencing the load flow during normal operation.
  • the device can always be constructed inexpensively.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention se rapporte à un dispositif (2) pour la limitation d'un courant de court-circuit dans un réseau. Ce dispositif est constitué d'un condensateur (CS) monté en parallèle avec un circuit monté en série (22) comportant au moins une inductance (LP) et un interrupteur (26), ainsi qu'un circuit de commande (24) destiné à générer un signal de commande pour ledit interrupteur (26), et est caractérisé en ce que le condensateur (CS) est connnecté électriquement en série avec un branchement du réseau, et en ce que les valeurs mesurées d'une tension du condensateur (UCK) et d'une intensité de courant (IK) sont envoyées au côté entrée du circuit de commande (24). Ce dispositif (2) permet qu'un courant de court-circuit soit limité dans un réseau, sans pour autant accroître la puissance à vide, ni affecter le courant de charge en régime normal de fonctionnement.
PCT/DE1995/000755 1994-06-24 1995-06-12 Dispositif pour la limitation d'un courant de court-circuit dans un reseau Ceased WO1996000458A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU26111/95A AU2611195A (en) 1994-06-24 1995-06-12 Device for limiting the short-circuit current in a power-distribution network

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19944422265 DE4422265A1 (de) 1994-06-24 1994-06-24 Vorrichtung zur Begrenzung eines Kurzschlußstromes in einem Netz
DEP4422265.3 1994-06-24

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1996000458A1 true WO1996000458A1 (fr) 1996-01-04

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/DE1995/000755 Ceased WO1996000458A1 (fr) 1994-06-24 1995-06-12 Dispositif pour la limitation d'un courant de court-circuit dans un reseau

Country Status (3)

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AU (1) AU2611195A (fr)
DE (1) DE4422265A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1996000458A1 (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2374738C1 (ru) * 2008-03-13 2009-11-27 Александр Михайлович Брянцев Токоограничивающее устройство электрической сети
RU2451379C1 (ru) * 2010-10-29 2012-05-20 Открытое акционерное общество "Научно-исследовательский институт по передаче электроэнергии постоянным током высокого напряжения" (ОАО "НИИПТ") Способ для ограничения токов короткого замыкания и повышения управляемости перетоками мощности в энергосистемах и устройство для его осуществления - многомодульная вставка постоянного тока (мвпт)
RU2504884C1 (ru) * 2012-06-29 2014-01-20 Открытое акционерное общество "Научно-технический центр Единой энергетической системы" (ОАО "НТЦ ЕЭС") Устройство для ограничения токов короткого замыкания в линии электропередачи
CN105720677A (zh) * 2014-12-17 2016-06-29 通用电气公司 用于实现在静态ups中的串联补偿器的系统和方法

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DE102017211354A1 (de) * 2017-07-04 2019-01-10 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Unterbrechungsfreie Stromversorgung
DE102017211351A1 (de) * 2017-07-04 2019-01-10 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Unterbrechungsfreie Stromversorgung

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2374738C1 (ru) * 2008-03-13 2009-11-27 Александр Михайлович Брянцев Токоограничивающее устройство электрической сети
RU2451379C1 (ru) * 2010-10-29 2012-05-20 Открытое акционерное общество "Научно-исследовательский институт по передаче электроэнергии постоянным током высокого напряжения" (ОАО "НИИПТ") Способ для ограничения токов короткого замыкания и повышения управляемости перетоками мощности в энергосистемах и устройство для его осуществления - многомодульная вставка постоянного тока (мвпт)
RU2504884C1 (ru) * 2012-06-29 2014-01-20 Открытое акционерное общество "Научно-технический центр Единой энергетической системы" (ОАО "НТЦ ЕЭС") Устройство для ограничения токов короткого замыкания в линии электропередачи
CN105720677A (zh) * 2014-12-17 2016-06-29 通用电气公司 用于实现在静态ups中的串联补偿器的系统和方法
CN105720677B (zh) * 2014-12-17 2020-08-07 Abb瑞士股份有限公司 用于实现在静态ups中的串联补偿器的系统和方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE4422265A1 (de) 1996-01-04
AU2611195A (en) 1996-01-19

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