WO1996000387A1 - Device for measuring the size of irregularities on the inside walls of containers using ultrasonics - Google Patents
Device for measuring the size of irregularities on the inside walls of containers using ultrasonics Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1996000387A1 WO1996000387A1 PCT/EP1995/002453 EP9502453W WO9600387A1 WO 1996000387 A1 WO1996000387 A1 WO 1996000387A1 EP 9502453 W EP9502453 W EP 9502453W WO 9600387 A1 WO9600387 A1 WO 9600387A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- ultrasound
- wall
- emitters
- hollow cylinder
- tube
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
- B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
- B06B1/00—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
- B06B1/02—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy
- B06B1/06—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction
- B06B1/0644—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction using a single piezoelectric element
- B06B1/0655—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction using a single piezoelectric element of cylindrical shape
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
- G01N29/221—Arrangements for directing or focusing the acoustical waves
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/028—Material parameters
- G01N2291/02854—Length, thickness
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/04—Wave modes and trajectories
- G01N2291/044—Internal reflections (echoes), e.g. on walls or defects
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/04—Wave modes and trajectories
- G01N2291/056—Angular incidence, angular propagation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/10—Number of transducers
- G01N2291/106—Number of transducers one or more transducer arrays
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/26—Scanned objects
- G01N2291/263—Surfaces
- G01N2291/2636—Surfaces cylindrical from inside
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device for measuring irregularities in the inner walls of a container by means of ultrasound, with ultrasound emitters, an excitation device for exciting the ultrasound emitters for emitting ultrasound, the ultrasound emitters being arranged in groups such that the ultrasound emitted by a group is in each case on an inside wall of the container or in a certain depth can be focused under the inner wall of the container, and with a detection device for detecting the ultrasound reflected on the inner wall of the container or of errors at a certain depth under the inner wall of the container.
- Such a device is known from EP 0 493 146 A1. It is used in particular to measure irregularities such as imperfections and changes in wall thickness in pipes.
- the ultrasound emitters are usually arranged in the form of a ring on an outer surface of a cylinder.
- the cylinder serves as a test system carrier and is arranged concentrically with respect to the pipe to be tested.
- the pipe is usually filled with water.
- the cylinder is moved through the water-filled tube.
- the irregularities in the inner tube walls are measured by detecting the ultrasound emitted by the ultrasound emitters, reflected on the inner tube wall and by defects at a certain depth under the inner wall of the container and detected by the detection device.
- the detection capability of this known device is limited in that the focusing of a group of ultrasound emitters is difficult.
- this is due to the fact that, due to the annular arrangement, the individual ultrasound radiators in a group radiate away from one another, which results in natural defocusing of the sound field.
- the distance between the inner tube wall to be measured and the cylindrical test system is small, which has the consequence that the sound fields of only a few of the individual ultrasound emitters can be superimposed. The focus of the test system is therefore poor.
- the invention has for its object to provide a generic device with a better ability to detect defects.
- This arrangement ensures that the sound fields emitted by the individual ultrasound emitters are directed towards one another. Due to the concave arrangement of the ultrasound emitters arranged in groups, natural focusing of the entire ultrasound field of the ultrasound emitters is achieved in the direction of the container wall, so that improved focusing can be achieved with the device.
- the ultrasound emitters are advantageously arranged on the inner surface of a hollow cylinder. This is expedient if the device is used to measure inner tube walls and errors at a certain depth below the inner tube wall, since the hollow cylinder can then be arranged axially symmetrically in the tube.
- the ultrasound emitters can be arranged in a ring on the inner surface of the hollow cylinder. In addition to the better focusing due to the concave inner surface of the hollow cylinder, the focusing is improved in this arrangement in that the distance between the ultrasound emitters and the container / tube inner wall to be measured and errors are below a certain depth the inner tube wall on which the ultrasound is focused is relatively large.
- the hollow cylinder is permeable to ultrasound on the side opposite the ultrasound emitters. Then the ultrasound field of the ultrasound emitters or a group of the ultrasound emitters can be selected such that the ultrasound is emitted in a direction perpendicular to the hollow cylinder surface.
- the ultrasound can emerge from the latter on the permeable side of the hollow cylinder and impinge on the inner wall of the tube or at a certain depth below the inner tube wall, on which it is focused, the inner tube wall or the location underneath for irregularities in the form of defects, Cracks, corrosion ect. is checked.
- the ultrasound emitters can be arranged on wall segments of the hollow cylinder, and the hollow cylinder can each have a recess in relation to the wall segments. In this way, a mechanically simple implementation of the hollow cylinder according to the invention is achieved.
- the wall segments can be designed as strips which are symmetrical to the hollow cylinder axis along a partial circumference of the hollow cylinder.
- the wall segments are then arranged in planes perpendicular to the hollow cylinder axis and a simple geometry results.
- the wall segments can be offset both radially and axially from one another.
- Inner pipe wall and the underlying volume areas are covered.
- the recesses in the Hollow cylinder formed automatically.
- the wall segments can be axially spaced apart and connected to one another via connecting elements.
- the entire hollow cylinder wall can thus be formed in a simple manner from wall segments.
- the wall segments can also be radially offset from one another in such a way that the wall segment which is axially adjacent to a first wall segment forms the radial continuation of the first wall segment, and the entire hollow cylinder circumference is covered by the wall segments.
- the sound fields of the ultrasound emitters which are arranged on the wall segments, can be focused on the entire circumference of the inner tube wall to be measured or to a certain depth below the inner tube wall, and the inner tube wall can be measured at various points along the tube length.
- the wall of the hollow cylinder can be designed as a spirally arranged band-like strip.
- This spiral arrangement ensures that the region of the hollow cylinder opposite the band or the ultrasound emitter arranged thereon has no material and is therefore permeable to the ultrasound.
- the slope of the spiral must be chosen appropriately so that the ultrasound emitted by the ultrasound emitters can be directed onto the opposite inner tube wall to be measured.
- a group of the ultrasound emitters is arranged inclined. Then an area of the inner tube wall and of defects at a certain depth under the inner tube wall can also be measured, which does not lie opposite the ultrasonic radiators in the plane perpendicular to the hollow cylinder axis, but rather lies above or below it. With such an inclined arrangement of the individual elements, different focusing in the tube axis direction can be achieved.
- a group of the ultrasound emitters can be arranged inclined in such a way that their ultrasound fields radiate past an opposite end of the hollow cylinder.
- a normal hollow cylinder with a continuous cylinder wall can be used, which in its production is particularly simple.
- better focusing is achieved by arranging the ultrasound emitters on the concave inner wall of the cylinder and because of the longer travel paths of the ultrasound from the ultrasound emitters to the tube inner wall to be measured and the associated smaller travel path differences of the individual ultrasound emitters.
- the ultrasound emitters can be phase-controlled in such a way that they can be set to a specific focal distance. The focus distance can thus be easily adapted to different pipe inner diameters to be measured.
- the ultrasound emitters can also be phase-controlled in such a way that a radial sound emission direction of a group of the ultrasound emitters can be selected. Different radial areas of the inner wall of the container can thus be measured with the same group of ultrasound emitters. If only a radial partial area of the inner surface of the hollow cylinder, such as the wall segments, is provided with ultrasonic radiators, the entire tube circumference can be measured in this way with a suitable arrangement of the wall segments without rotating the cylinder.
- a displacement device for moving the hollow cylinder in the direction of its axis can be specified.
- the entire inner wall of a tube can be measured in the axial direction.
- the focusing of the ultrasound emitters in the axial direction of the cylinder or the tube to be measured is thus achieved on the one hand by focusing the individual ultrasound emitters and on the other hand by the axial position of the cylinder with respect to the tube to be measured.
- the hollow cylinder can also be rotatable about its axis. This is particularly advantageous if the ultrasound radiators are arranged in such a way that the phase control of the
- the entire circumference of the inner tube wall can be measured.
- the entire circumference is measured by turning the hollow cylinder.
- Figure 1 is a schematic representation of an inventive device arranged in a pipe to be measured.
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of a device according to the invention arranged in a tube, in which the superposition of the sound fields of ultrasonic radiators is shown;
- FIG. 3 and 4 show a basic illustration of the device from FIG. 2, in which the ultrasound of a group of ultrasound emitters is focused on the inner tube wall;
- 5a and 5b show a longitudinal section and top view of an embodiment of the device according to the invention.
- Fig. 6 is a basic perspective view of another embodiment of the device according to the invention.
- Fig. 7 shows a further embodiment for oblique sound (7a) and vertical sound (7b) according to the lower part of Fig. 5a and
- FIG. 8 shows a longitudinal section through a basic illustration of a third exemplary embodiment of the device according to the invention.
- FIG. 1 shows a cross section through a basic arrangement of a device according to the invention.
- the device 7 is arranged in a tube 1 to be examined and is guided via ball guides 9 in the tube 1 to be examined.
- Ultrasound emitters 2 are attached to concave wall segments 3, for example glued or screwed or connected by a snug fit, and arranged along a concave surface of the device.
- the concave surface is formed here by a wall segment 3 which is fastened on the inside of a hollow cylinder 4 with window-like openings 5.
- These openings or recesses 5 are arranged on the side of the hollow cylinder 4 opposite the ultrasonic radiators 2, so that the ultrasound emitted by the ultrasonic radiators 2 leads to the opposite inner wall of the tube 1 can reach.
- the hollow cylinder 4 is arranged axisymmetrically to the tube axis 6 of the tube 1.
- the arrangement of the ultrasound emitter 2 and the wall segments 3 on the inner wall of the hollow cylinder 4 is annular.
- For a group of five ultrasonic radiators 2 it is shown in the figure that the beam directions of the ultrasonic radiators 2 are directed towards one another due to the concave geometry. It will
- the ultrasound fields 8 are superimposed by a plurality of ultrasound emitters 2 than in the case of a non-concave arrangement.
- a higher number of ultrasonic radiators 2 also contribute to the resulting sound field in the tube 1 to be measured. This improves the focus of the ultrasound. As the signal increases, you get a better signal-to-noise ratio and one
- the excitation of the ultrasound emitters 2 for emitting ultrasound takes place with an excitation device, not shown in the figure, which generates the signals 11.
- the ultrasound emitters 2 usually have piezoelectric elements, so that the excitation takes place by means of electrical signals.
- the device according to the invention is usually used to measure irregularities, such as imperfections and changes in wall thickness in pipelines. The entire pipe wall is thus measured for irregularities.
- a pulse-echo method is expedient, for example, in which the pulses emitted by the ultrasound emitters 2 are reflected on the inner tube wall of the tube 1 and received again by the ultrasound emitters 2 and converted into electrical signals.
- the electrical output signals of the ultrasound emitter 2 are detected and processed by a detection device, not shown in the figure.
- the tube 1 is filled with water and the device 7 containing the ultrasound emitter 2, the test system, is arranged by means of the ball guides 9 concentrically to the tube axis 6 and moved accordingly, depending on how the inner wall of the tube 1 is to be measured .
- FIG. 3 shows the device from FIG. 2.
- the phase control is selected so that the focus of the group of ultrasound emitters 2 is on or in the opposite inner wall of the tube 1.
- 4 shows a further possibility of phase control of the same group of ultrasonic radiators 2, in which the focus of the group of ultrasonic radiators 2 is also on the inner wall of the tube 1.
- the phase shift between the signals exciting the ultrasound emitter 2 and thus between the ultrasound emitted by them is selected such that the focus is axially shifted with respect to the drawing in FIG. 3.
- FIG. 3 shows the device from FIG. 2.
- the ultrasound becomes oblique due to the phase control, in FIG. 3 perpendicularly with respect to the axis of symmetry radiated into the tube 1 by the arrangement of the group of ultrasound emitters 2.
- a radial area at an axial height of the tube 1 can therefore be measured with a group due to the phase control of the ultrasound emitter 2.
- the arrangement according to the invention of the ultrasound emitters 2 on a concave surface also results in a long path of the ultrasound from the ultrasound emitters to the inner tube wall.
- this has the advantage that the ultrasound fields of a larger number of ultrasound emitters 2 can be superimposed and thus a sharper focusing can be achieved.
- the longer travel distance also means that, for a desired phase control, on the basis of which the ultrasound can be irradiated obliquely in the circumferential direction of the tube, smaller phase differences between the ultrasound emitters 2 are required in order to measure a specific radial area of the tube 1 to be examined.
- the test system 7 can be moved in the direction of the axis 6 of the pipe by a displacement device, not shown.
- test system can be rotated around the pipe axis 6 in order to measure further radial areas of the pipe 1.
- the rotation of the test system around the tube axis 6 can also be replaced by a suitable offset arrangement of different groups of ultrasonic radiators 2 and by their phase control, as described above.
- FIG. 5 shows an embodiment of the device 7 according to the invention in longitudinal section 5a and in section A-A in FIG. 5a in FIG. 5b below.
- the device 7 or the test system is arranged in the pipe 1 to be examined symmetrically to the pipe axis 6.
- the hollow cylinder consists of three wall segments 3, which are connected to a base plate 13 and a cover plate 14. Ball guides 9 are attached to these fastening parts.
- the cover plate is provided with an end piece 1 2.
- the wall segments 3 are symmetrical to the hollow cylinder axis 6 Stripes formed along a partial circumference of the hollow cylinder.
- the wall segments 3 are axially offset from one another and connected to one another and fastened in the hollow cylinder 4 with respect to the window-like openings 5. Furthermore, the wall segments 3 are offset such that a wall segment 3 forms the continuation of the previous wall segment 3, and for example the entire hollow cylinder circumference is covered by the three wall segments 3.
- the ultrasound emitters 2 are arranged in a ring on the wall segments 3.
- the ultrasound emitters 2 are controlled in groups, as shown in FIGS. 2 to 4, so that their focus is on the inner wall of the tube 1 and the tube 1 can be measured for defects.
- Appropriate phase control of the ultrasound radiator 2 allows large radial areas of the tube 1 to be measured. Since the wall segments 3 and thus the ultrasound emitters 2 are radially offset from one another, the device 7 can be used to measure the entire circumference of the tube 1 in a specific axial region of the tube 1 by means of a purely axial displacement thereof. Different axial areas of the tube 1 can also be measured by axially displacing the test system.
- FIG. 6 shows a schematic illustration of a further exemplary embodiment of the device according to the invention.
- the hollow cylinder-like test system is here also arranged axisymmetrically to the tube axis 6 of the tube 1.
- the wall of the hollow cylinder 4 is designed here as a spirally arranged band-like strip 10.
- the spiral spacing or the gradient of the spiral is selected such that a group of ultrasonic radiators 2 arranged on the spiral strip 10 is not opposite a partial area of the band-like strip, so that the ultrasound of these ultrasonic radiators 2 penetrate through the corresponding region of the hollow cylinder 4 and onto the inner wall of the tube 1 can be focused.
- the ultrasound is focused in the manner described in connection with the above figures.
- the measurement of defects in the entire tube 1 is also carried out as described in connection with FIG. 5.
- FIG. 7 shows a schematic representation of a shown another embodiment of the invention for the oblique sound, corresponding to the lower part of Fig. 5a.
- the inclination of the ultrasound emitter 2 is selected such that the ultrasound fields 8 of the ultrasound emitter 2 run through the upper window opening 5 of the hollow cylinder 4 and are directed obliquely onto the inner wall of the tube 1.
- the ultrasound radiators 2 are arranged inclined upwards and also shown.
- the ultrasound radiators 2 can of course also be inclined downward, with openings 5 arranged correspondingly below the ultrasound radiators.
- a hollow cylinder 4 is arranged as an inspection system in an axisymmetric manner.
- the ultrasound emitters 2 are arranged inclined downwards. The inclination is chosen such that the ultrasonic fields of the ultrasound emitter 2 pass the lower end of the device 7 and are directed below the hollow cylinder 4 onto the inner wall of the tube 1.
- the ultrasound emitters 2 can of course also be directed upwards, in which case they are arranged at the upper end of the device 7, so that the ultrasound fields of the ultrasound emitters 2 run past the upper end of the hollow cylinder 4 and meet the inner wall 1 of the container.
- the ultrasound can be focused on the inner tube wall, where defects can then be detected as described above. Due to the angle of inclination of the ultrasound radiator 2 and the focusing selected by the phase control, the tube can in this case also be arranged with the
- Ultrasound emitters can be used in a hollow cylinder without interruptions, ie which is not segmented or constructed in a spiral. As above, this results in better focusing due to the longer travel paths of the ultrasound and the associated lower travel path differences of the individual ultrasound emitters 2.
- This arrangement is for testing direction-oriented errors are suitable.
- the test system 7 that is to say the hollow cylinder 4
- Suitable phase control enables focusing in the tube circumferential direction and focusing in the tube axis direction due to the inclination or curvature of the individual ultrasound emitters. It is also possible to combine the arrangement in FIG. 8 with one of the exemplary embodiments shown in FIGS. 5 and 6.
- the hollow cylinder-like test system 7 is arranged symmetrically to the tube axis 6 in a certain axial region of the tube 1.
- the ultrasound emitters 2 arranged on the wall segments 3 of the test system are excited in groups to emit ultrasound by means of an excitation device (not shown).
- the focusing of the ultrasound emitted by a respective group is carried out by suitable phase control of the individual ultrasound emitters 2.
- the phase control of the individual ultrasound emitters is changed such that with a respective group a desired radial area of the inner wall of the tube 1 is measured for defects can be.
- the pulses emitted by the ultrasound emitters 2 are reflected back from the inner wall and from errors at a certain depth below the inner wall of the tube and detected by the ultrasound transmitters.
- the output from the Ultraschalistrahlern basis of these signals, • electrical signals are supplied to a detection means in which the detection and a corresponding evaluation of the data and a determination of the defects is carried out.
- the measuring process is carried out using a pulse-echo method.
- the test system within the tube 1 in the axial direction in a further predetermined position is repeated there.
- the measurement in various axial positions of the tube 1 is carried out until the desired tube area or the entire tube has been measured.
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Abstract
Description
BESCHREIBUNG DESCRIPTION
Vorrichtung zum Messen von Unregelmäßigkeiten in Behälterinnenwänden mit UltraschallDevice for measuring irregularities in the inner walls of containers with ultrasound
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zum Vermessen von Unregelmäßigkeiten in Behälterinnenwänden mittels Ultraschall, mit Ultraschallstrahlern, einer Anregungseinrichtung zum Anregen der Ultraschallstrahler zum Aussenden von Ultraschall, wobei die Ultraschallstrahler so in Gruppen angeordnet sind, daß der von einer Gruppe emittierte Ultraschall jeweils auf eine Behälterinnenwand oder in eine bestimmte Tiefe unter die Behälterinnenwand fokussierbar ist, und mit einer Nachweiseinrichtung zum Nachweisen des an der Behälterinnenwand oder von Fehlern in einer bestimmten Tiefe unter der Behälterinnenwand reflektierten Ultraschalls.The invention relates to a device for measuring irregularities in the inner walls of a container by means of ultrasound, with ultrasound emitters, an excitation device for exciting the ultrasound emitters for emitting ultrasound, the ultrasound emitters being arranged in groups such that the ultrasound emitted by a group is in each case on an inside wall of the container or in a certain depth can be focused under the inner wall of the container, and with a detection device for detecting the ultrasound reflected on the inner wall of the container or of errors at a certain depth under the inner wall of the container.
Eine solche Vorrichtung ist aus der EP 0 493 146 A1 bekannt. Sie wird insbesondere zum Vermessen von Unregelmäßigkeiten wie Fehlstellen und Wanddickenänderungen in Rohrleitungen verwendet. Die Ultraschallstrahler sind dabei üblicherweise in Form eines Ringes auf einer Außenoberfläche eines Zylinders angeordnet. Der Zylinder dient als Prüfsystemträger und wird konzentrisch hinsichtlich des zu prüfenden Rohres angeordnet. Üblicherweise ist das Rohr mit Wasser gefüllt. Zum Vermessen der Unregelmäßigkeiten des Rohres wird der Zylinder durch das wassergefüllte Rohr bewegt. Dabei werden die Unregelmäßigkeiten in den Rohrinnenwänden durch Nachweis des von den Ul¬ traschallstrahlern emittierten, an der Rohrinnenwand und von Fehlern in einer bestimmten Tiefe unter der Behälterinnenwand reflektierten und von der Nachweiseinrichtung nachgewiesenen Ultraschalls vermessen. Das Nachweisvermögen dieser bekannten Vorrichtung ist dadurch begrenzt, daß die Fokussierung einer Gruppe von Ultraschallstrahlern schwierig ist. Dies liegt zum einen daran, daß auf-grund der ringförmigen Anordnung die einzelnen Ultraschall¬ strahler einer Gruppe voneinander wegstrahlen, was eine natürliche Defokussieren des Schallfeldes zur Folge hat. Desweiteren ist der Abstand zwischen der zu vermessenden Rohrinnenwand und dem zylindrischen Prüfsystem gering, was zur Folge hat, daß die Schallfelder von nur wenigen der einzelnen Ultraschallstrahler überlagerungsfähig sind. Somit ist die Fokussierung des Prüfsystems nur schwach ausgeprägt.Such a device is known from EP 0 493 146 A1. It is used in particular to measure irregularities such as imperfections and changes in wall thickness in pipes. The ultrasound emitters are usually arranged in the form of a ring on an outer surface of a cylinder. The cylinder serves as a test system carrier and is arranged concentrically with respect to the pipe to be tested. The pipe is usually filled with water. To measure the irregularities of the tube, the cylinder is moved through the water-filled tube. The irregularities in the inner tube walls are measured by detecting the ultrasound emitted by the ultrasound emitters, reflected on the inner tube wall and by defects at a certain depth under the inner wall of the container and detected by the detection device. The detection capability of this known device is limited in that the focusing of a group of ultrasound emitters is difficult. On the one hand, this is due to the fact that, due to the annular arrangement, the individual ultrasound radiators in a group radiate away from one another, which results in natural defocusing of the sound field. Furthermore, the distance between the inner tube wall to be measured and the cylindrical test system is small, which has the consequence that the sound fields of only a few of the individual ultrasound emitters can be superimposed. The focus of the test system is therefore poor.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine gattungsgemäße Vorrichtung mit einem besseren Nachweisvermögen für Fehlstellen zu schaffen.The invention has for its object to provide a generic device with a better ability to detect defects.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch eine Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2 gelöst, vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen gekennzeichnet.This object is achieved according to the invention by a device according to claim 1 or 2, advantageous refinements of the invention are characterized in the subclaims.
Durch diese erfindungsgemäße Anordnung wird erreicht, daß die von den einzelnen Ultraschallstrahlern emittierten Schallfelder aufeinander zu gerichtet sind. Durch die konkave Anordnung der in Gruppen angeordneten Ultraschallstrahler wird eine natürliche Fokussierung des gesamten Ultraschallfeldes der Ultraschallstrahler in Richtung der Behälterwand erreicht, so daß eine verbesserte Fokussierung mit der Vorrichtung erzielt werden kann.This arrangement according to the invention ensures that the sound fields emitted by the individual ultrasound emitters are directed towards one another. Due to the concave arrangement of the ultrasound emitters arranged in groups, natural focusing of the entire ultrasound field of the ultrasound emitters is achieved in the direction of the container wall, so that improved focusing can be achieved with the device.
Vorteilhafterweise sind die Ultraschallstrahler auf der Innenfläche eines Hohlzylinders angeordnet. Dies ist dann zweckmäßig, wenn die Vorrichtung zum Vermessen von Rohrinnenwänden und von Fehlern in einer bestimmten Tiefe unter der Rohrinnenwand verwendet wird, da dann der Hohlzylinder achsensymmetrisch in dem Rohr angeordnet werden kann. Die Ultraschallstrahler können ringförmig auf der Innenfläche des Hohlzylinders angeordnet sein. Zusätzlich zu der besseren Fokussierung aufgrund der konkaven Innenfläche des Hohlzylinders wird die Fokussierung bei dieser Anordnung dadurch verbessert, daß der Abstand zwischen den Ultraschallstrahlern und der zu vermessenden Behälter-/ Rohrinnenwand und von Fehlern in einer bestimmten Tiefe unter der Rohrinnenwand, auf welche der Ultraschall fokussiert wird, relativ groß ist. Dadurch kann eine größere Anzahl von Ultraschallstrahlern zu dem Schallfeld im Fokus auf der Rohrinnenwand beitragen und die Fokussierung wesentlich verbessern. Da bei dieser Anordnung das Meßsignal erheblich vergrößert wird, wird ebenfalls eine Verbesserung der Prüfempfindlichkeit und des Signal-zu- Rauschverhältnisses erreicht. Insgesamt führt dies zu einer Verbesserung des Nachweisvermögens von Unregelmäßigkeiten wie Fehlstellen und Wand¬ dickenänderungen. Diese Anordnung der Vorrichtung ist beispielsweise auch zum Vermessen von ringartigen Behältern oder zum Vermessen von Turbinenwelien mit Zentralbohrung vorteilhaft.The ultrasound emitters are advantageously arranged on the inner surface of a hollow cylinder. This is expedient if the device is used to measure inner tube walls and errors at a certain depth below the inner tube wall, since the hollow cylinder can then be arranged axially symmetrically in the tube. The ultrasound emitters can be arranged in a ring on the inner surface of the hollow cylinder. In addition to the better focusing due to the concave inner surface of the hollow cylinder, the focusing is improved in this arrangement in that the distance between the ultrasound emitters and the container / tube inner wall to be measured and errors are below a certain depth the inner tube wall on which the ultrasound is focused is relatively large. As a result, a larger number of ultrasound emitters can contribute to the sound field in the focus on the inner tube wall and significantly improve the focusing. Since the measurement signal is considerably enlarged in this arrangement, an improvement in the test sensitivity and the signal-to-noise ratio is also achieved. Overall, this leads to an improvement in the ability to detect irregularities such as imperfections and changes in wall thickness. This arrangement of the device is also advantageous, for example, for measuring ring-like containers or for measuring turbine shafts with a central bore.
Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist der Hohlzylinder jeweils auf der den Ultraschallstrahlern gegenüberliegenden Seite für Ultraschall durchlässig. Dann kann das Ultraschallfeld der Ultraschallstrahler bzw. einer Gruppe der Ultraschallstrahler so gewählt sein, daß der Ultraschall in einer senkrechten Richtung zu der Hohlzylinderfläche abgestrahlt wird. Der Ultraschall kann auf der durchlässigen Seite des Hohlzylinders aus letzterem austreten und auf die Innenwand des Rohres oder in eine bestimmte Tiefe unter der Rohrinnenwand, worauf er fokussiert wird, auftreffen, wobei die Rohrinnenwand bzw. die darunter liegende Stelle auf Unregelmäßigkeiten in Form von Fehlstellen, Rissen, Korrosion ect. überprüft wird. Günstigerweise können die Ultraschallstrahler auf Wandsegmenten des Hohlzylinders angeordnet sein, und der Hohlzylinder kann gegenüber den Wandsegmenten jeweils eine Aussparung aufweisen. Hierdurch wird eine mechanisch einfache Realisierung des erfindungsgemäßen Hohlzylinders erreicht.According to an advantageous development of the invention, the hollow cylinder is permeable to ultrasound on the side opposite the ultrasound emitters. Then the ultrasound field of the ultrasound emitters or a group of the ultrasound emitters can be selected such that the ultrasound is emitted in a direction perpendicular to the hollow cylinder surface. The ultrasound can emerge from the latter on the permeable side of the hollow cylinder and impinge on the inner wall of the tube or at a certain depth below the inner tube wall, on which it is focused, the inner tube wall or the location underneath for irregularities in the form of defects, Cracks, corrosion ect. is checked. Conveniently, the ultrasound emitters can be arranged on wall segments of the hollow cylinder, and the hollow cylinder can each have a recess in relation to the wall segments. In this way, a mechanically simple implementation of the hollow cylinder according to the invention is achieved.
Gemäß einem vorteilhaften Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung können die Wandsegemente als zu der Hohizylinderachse symmetrische Streifen entlang eines Teilumfangs des Hohlzylinders ausgebildet sein. Die Wandsegmente sind dann in zu der Hohizylinderachse senkrechten Ebenen angeordnet und es ergibt sich eine einfache Geometrie. Die Wandsegmente können sowohl radial als auch axial zueinander versetzt sein. Somit kann mit den auf den Wandsegmenten angeordneten Ultraschallstrahlern ein großer Bereich der zu vermessendenAccording to an advantageous exemplary embodiment of the invention, the wall segments can be designed as strips which are symmetrical to the hollow cylinder axis along a partial circumference of the hollow cylinder. The wall segments are then arranged in planes perpendicular to the hollow cylinder axis and a simple geometry results. The wall segments can be offset both radially and axially from one another. Thus, with the ultrasound emitters arranged on the wall segments, a large area of those to be measured can be measured
Rohrinnenwand und der darunterliegenden Volumenbereiche abgedeckt werden. Durch die Versetzung der Wandsegmente werden die Aussparungen des Hohlzylinders automatisch gebildet. Ferner können die Wandsegmente axial zuein¬ ander beabstandet und über Verbindungselemente miteinander verbunden sein. So kann die gesamte Hohlzylinderwand in einfacher Weise aus Wandsegmenten gebildet werden. Auch können die Wandsegmente so zueinander radial versetzt sein, daß das jeweils zu einem ersten Wandsegment axial benachbarte Wandseg¬ ment die radiale Fortsetzung des ersten Wandsegments bildet, und der gesamte Hohlzylinderumfang durch die Wandsegmente abgedeckt wird. Auf diese Weise können die Schallfelder der Ultraschallstrahler, welche auf den Wandsegmenten angeordnet sind, auf den gesamten Umfang der zu vermessenden Rohrinnenwand oder in eine bestimmte Tiefe unter die Rohrinnenwand fokussiert werden, und die Rohrinnenwand kann an verschiedenen Stellen entlang der Rohrlänge vermessen werden.Inner pipe wall and the underlying volume areas are covered. The recesses in the Hollow cylinder formed automatically. Furthermore, the wall segments can be axially spaced apart and connected to one another via connecting elements. The entire hollow cylinder wall can thus be formed in a simple manner from wall segments. The wall segments can also be radially offset from one another in such a way that the wall segment which is axially adjacent to a first wall segment forms the radial continuation of the first wall segment, and the entire hollow cylinder circumference is covered by the wall segments. In this way, the sound fields of the ultrasound emitters, which are arranged on the wall segments, can be focused on the entire circumference of the inner tube wall to be measured or to a certain depth below the inner tube wall, and the inner tube wall can be measured at various points along the tube length.
Gemäß einem weiteren vorteilhaften Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung kann die Wand des Hohlzylinders als ein spiralförmig angeordneter bandartiger Streifen ausgebildet sein. Durch diese spiralförmige Anordnung wird erreicht, daß der dem Band bzw. der darauf angeordneten Ultraschallstrahler gegenüberliegende Bereich des Hohlzylinders kein Material aufweist und somit für den Ultraschall durchlässig ist. Die Steigung der Spirale muß geeignet gewählt werden, daß der von den Ultraschallstrahlern emittierte Ultraschall auf die gegenüberliegende zu vermessende Rohrinnenwand gerichtet werden kann.According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the wall of the hollow cylinder can be designed as a spirally arranged band-like strip. This spiral arrangement ensures that the region of the hollow cylinder opposite the band or the ultrasound emitter arranged thereon has no material and is therefore permeable to the ultrasound. The slope of the spiral must be chosen appropriately so that the ultrasound emitted by the ultrasound emitters can be directed onto the opposite inner tube wall to be measured.
Auch kann es vorteilhaft sein, wenn eine Gruppe der Ultraschallstrahler geneigt angeordnet ist. Dann kann auch ein Bereich der Rohrinnenwand und von Fehlern in einer bestimmten Tiefe unter der Rohrinnenwand vermessen werden, der den Ultraschalistrahlern nicht in der zu der Hohizylinderachse senkrechten Ebene gegenüberliegt, sondern entsprechend darüber oder darunter liegt. Durch eine derartig geneigte Anordnung der einzelnen Elemente können unterschiedliche Fokussierungen in Rohrachsenrichtung erreicht werden.It can also be advantageous if a group of the ultrasound emitters is arranged inclined. Then an area of the inner tube wall and of defects at a certain depth under the inner tube wall can also be measured, which does not lie opposite the ultrasonic radiators in the plane perpendicular to the hollow cylinder axis, but rather lies above or below it. With such an inclined arrangement of the individual elements, different focusing in the tube axis direction can be achieved.
Gemäß einer Abwandlung der Erfindung, aber bei Zugrundelegung der gleichen Idee, kann eine Gruppe der Ultraschallstrahler derart geneigt angeordnet sein, daß ihre Ultraschallfelder an einem gegenüberliegenden Ende des Hohlzylinders vorbeistrahlen. Bei dieser Anordnung kann ein normaler Hohlzylinder mit durch¬ gehender Zylinderwand verwendet werden, welcher in seiner Herstellung besonders einfach ist. Auch hier wird die bessere Fokussierung durch Anordnung der Ultraschallstrahler auf der konkaven Innenwand des Zylinders und aufgrund der längeren Laufwege des Ultraschalls von den Ultraschalistrahlern zu der zu vermessenden Rohrinnenwand und der damit verbundenen geringeren Laufwegunterschiede der einzelnen Ultraschallstrahler erreicht.According to a modification of the invention, but based on the same idea, a group of the ultrasound emitters can be arranged inclined in such a way that their ultrasound fields radiate past an opposite end of the hollow cylinder. With this arrangement, a normal hollow cylinder with a continuous cylinder wall can be used, which in its production is particularly simple. Here too, better focusing is achieved by arranging the ultrasound emitters on the concave inner wall of the cylinder and because of the longer travel paths of the ultrasound from the ultrasound emitters to the tube inner wall to be measured and the associated smaller travel path differences of the individual ultrasound emitters.
Günstigerweise sind die Ultraschallstrahler derart phasenansteuerbar, daß sie auf einen bestimmten Fokusabstand einstellbar sind. Der Fokusabstand kann somit auf einfache Weise an verschiedene zu vermessende Rohrinnendurchmesser angepaßt werden. Auch können die Ultraschallstrahler derart phasenansteuerbar sein, daß eine radiale Schallabstrahlrichtung einer Gruppe der Ultraschallstrahler wählbar ist. Somit können mit der gleichen Gruppe der Ultraschallstrahler verschiedene radiale Bereiche der Behälterinnenwand vermessen werden. Wenn nur ein radialer Teilbereich der Innenfläche des Hohlzylinders, wie etwa die Wandsegmente, mit Ultraschalistrahlern versehen ist, kann auf diese Weise bei geeigneter Anordnung der Wandsegmente der gesamte Rohrumfang ohne Drehen des Zylinders vermessen werden.Conveniently, the ultrasound emitters can be phase-controlled in such a way that they can be set to a specific focal distance. The focus distance can thus be easily adapted to different pipe inner diameters to be measured. The ultrasound emitters can also be phase-controlled in such a way that a radial sound emission direction of a group of the ultrasound emitters can be selected. Different radial areas of the inner wall of the container can thus be measured with the same group of ultrasound emitters. If only a radial partial area of the inner surface of the hollow cylinder, such as the wall segments, is provided with ultrasonic radiators, the entire tube circumference can be measured in this way with a suitable arrangement of the wall segments without rotating the cylinder.
Vorteilhafterweise kann eine Verschiebeeinrichtung zum Bewegen des Hohlzylinders in Richtung seiner Achse vorgegeben sein. Somit kann durch einfaches Verschieben des Hohlzylinders in Achsenrichtung die gesamte Innenwand eines Rohres in axialer Richtung vermessen werden. Die Fokussierung der Ultraschallstrahler in axialer Richtung des Zylinders bzw. des zu vermessenden Rohres wird somit einerseits durch die Fokussierung der einzelnen Ultraschallstrahler und andererseits durch die axiale Position des Zylinders hinsichtlich des zu vermessenden Rohres erreicht. Auch kann der Hohlzylinder um seine Achse drehbar sein. Dies ist insbesondere dann vorteilhaft, wenn die Ultra¬ schallstrahler so angeordnet sind, daß nicht durch ihre Phasenansteuerung derAdvantageously, a displacement device for moving the hollow cylinder in the direction of its axis can be specified. Thus, by simply moving the hollow cylinder in the axial direction, the entire inner wall of a tube can be measured in the axial direction. The focusing of the ultrasound emitters in the axial direction of the cylinder or the tube to be measured is thus achieved on the one hand by focusing the individual ultrasound emitters and on the other hand by the axial position of the cylinder with respect to the tube to be measured. The hollow cylinder can also be rotatable about its axis. This is particularly advantageous if the ultrasound radiators are arranged in such a way that the phase control of the
gesamte Umfang der Rohrinnenwand vermessen werden kann. Das Vermessen des Gesamtumfanges erfolgt in diesem Fall durch Drehen des Hohlzylinders.entire circumference of the inner tube wall can be measured. In this case, the entire circumference is measured by turning the hollow cylinder.
Auch ist es möglich, daß die verschiedenen Ausführungsbeispiele des Hohlzylinders miteinander kombiniert werden.It is also possible for the various embodiments of the hollow cylinder to be combined with one another.
Im folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand der Zeichnung näher beschrieben. Es zeigen:The invention is described in more detail below with reference to the drawing. Show it:
Fig. 1 eine schematische Darstellung einer in einem zu vermessenden Rohr angeordneten erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung;Figure 1 is a schematic representation of an inventive device arranged in a pipe to be measured.
Fig. 2 eine schematische Darstellung einer in einem Rohr angeordneten erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung, bei der die Überlagerung der Schallfelder von Ultraschalistrahlern gezeigt ist;2 shows a schematic representation of a device according to the invention arranged in a tube, in which the superposition of the sound fields of ultrasonic radiators is shown;
Fig. 3 und 4 eine prinzipielle Darstellung der Vorrichtung aus Fig. 2, bei der der Ultraschall einer Gruppe von Ultraschalistrahlern auf die Rohrinnenwand fokussiert wird;3 and 4 show a basic illustration of the device from FIG. 2, in which the ultrasound of a group of ultrasound emitters is focused on the inner tube wall;
Fig. 5a und 5b einen Längsschnitt und Draufsicht eines Ausführungsbeispiels der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung;5a and 5b show a longitudinal section and top view of an embodiment of the device according to the invention;
Fig. 6 eine prinzipielle perspektivische Darstellung eines weiteren Ausführungsbeispiels der erfindungsgemäßen VorrichtungFig. 6 is a basic perspective view of another embodiment of the device according to the invention
Fig. 7 eine weitere Ausführungsform für Schrägeinschallung (7a) und Senkrechteinschallung (7b) gemäß dem unteren Teil aus Fig. 5a undFig. 7 shows a further embodiment for oblique sound (7a) and vertical sound (7b) according to the lower part of Fig. 5a and
Fig. 8 einen Längsschnitt durch eine prinzipielle Darstellung eines dritten Ausführungsbeispiels der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung.8 shows a longitudinal section through a basic illustration of a third exemplary embodiment of the device according to the invention.
In Fig. 1 ist ein Querschnitt durch eine prinzipielle Anordnung einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung gezeigt. Die Vorrichtung 7 ist in einem zu untersuchenden Rohr 1 angeordnet und wird über Kugelführungen 9 in dem zu untersuchenden Rohr 1 geführt. Ultraschallstrahler 2 sind auf konkaven Wandsegmenten 3 befestigt, z.B. geklebt oder verschraubt oder durch Paßsitz verbunden, und entlang einer konkaven Fläche der Vorrichtung angeordnet. Die konkave Fläche wird hier durch ein Wandsegment 3 gebildet, welches auf der Innenseite eines Hohlzylinders 4 mit fensterartigen Durchbrüchen 5 befestigt ist. Auf der den Ultraschalistrahlern 2 gegenüberliegenden Seite des Hohlzylinders 4 sind diese Durchbrüche bzw. Aussparungen 5 angeordnet, so daß der von den Ultraschalistrahlern 2 emittierte Ultraschall zu der gegenüberliegenden Innenwand des Rohres 1 gelangen kann. Der Hohlzylinder 4 ist achsensymmetrisch zu der Rohrachse 6 des Rohres 1 angeordnet. Die Anordnung der Ultraschallstrahler 2 und der Wandsegmente 3 auf der Innenwand des Hohlzylinders 4 ist ringförmig. Für eine Gruppe aus fünf Ultraschalistrahlern 2 ist in der Figur dargestellt, daß die Strahlrichtungen der Ultraschalistrahler 2 aufgrund der konkaven Geometrie aufeinander zu gerichtet sind. Es wird1 shows a cross section through a basic arrangement of a device according to the invention. The device 7 is arranged in a tube 1 to be examined and is guided via ball guides 9 in the tube 1 to be examined. Ultrasound emitters 2 are attached to concave wall segments 3, for example glued or screwed or connected by a snug fit, and arranged along a concave surface of the device. The concave surface is formed here by a wall segment 3 which is fastened on the inside of a hollow cylinder 4 with window-like openings 5. These openings or recesses 5 are arranged on the side of the hollow cylinder 4 opposite the ultrasonic radiators 2, so that the ultrasound emitted by the ultrasonic radiators 2 leads to the opposite inner wall of the tube 1 can reach. The hollow cylinder 4 is arranged axisymmetrically to the tube axis 6 of the tube 1. The arrangement of the ultrasound emitter 2 and the wall segments 3 on the inner wall of the hollow cylinder 4 is annular. For a group of five ultrasonic radiators 2 it is shown in the figure that the beam directions of the ultrasonic radiators 2 are directed towards one another due to the concave geometry. It will
somit eine natürliche Fokussierung der Ultraschallelemente 2 in Richtung der Behälterinnenwand (Rohr) 1 erreicht.thus a natural focusing of the ultrasonic elements 2 in the direction of the container inner wall (tube) 1 is achieved.
In Fig. 2 ist eine entsprechende Anordnung von Ultraschalistrahlern 2 auf einem Wandsegment 3 eines Hohlzylinders 4, welcher konzentrisch zu der Rohrachse 6 des zu untersuchenden Rohres 1 angeordnet ist, gezeigt. Es ist für die Gruppe aus fünf Ultraschalistrahlern 2 gezeigt, wie durch Anlegen von Signalen 1 1 Ultra¬ schallfelder 8 von den Ultraschalistrahlern 2 emittiert werden und sich gegenseitig überlappen. Aufgrund der konkaven Geometrie der Anordnung überlagern die Ultraschallfelder 8 von mehreren Ultraschalistrahlern 2 als bei einer nicht konkaven Anordnung. Somit trägt auch eine höhere Anzahl von Ultraschalistrahlern 2 zu dem resultierenden Schallfeld in dem zu vermessenden Rohr 1 bei. Hierdurch wird eine verbesserte Fokussierung des Ultraschalls erreicht. Da sich das Signal erhöht, erhält man auch ein besseres Signal-zu-Rausch-Verhältnis und eine 2 shows a corresponding arrangement of ultrasonic radiators 2 on a wall segment 3 of a hollow cylinder 4, which is arranged concentrically to the tube axis 6 of the tube 1 to be examined. It is shown for the group of five ultrasonic radiators 2 how ultrasonic fields 8 are emitted by the ultrasonic radiators 2 and overlap one another by applying signals 1 1. Due to the concave geometry of the arrangement, the ultrasound fields 8 are superimposed by a plurality of ultrasound emitters 2 than in the case of a non-concave arrangement. Thus, a higher number of ultrasonic radiators 2 also contribute to the resulting sound field in the tube 1 to be measured. This improves the focus of the ultrasound. As the signal increases, you get a better signal-to-noise ratio and one
bessere Prüfempfindlichkeit der Vorrichtung. Die Anregung der Ultraschallstrahler 2 zum Aussenden von Ultraschall erfolgt mit einer in der Figur nicht gezeigten Anregungseinrichtung, welche die Signale 1 1 erzeugt. Die Ultraschallstrahler 2 weisen üblicherweise piezoelektrische Elemente auf, so daß die Anregung mittels elektrischer Signale erfolgt. Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung wird üblicherweise zum Vermessen von Unregelmäßigkeiten, wie Fehlstellen und Wanddickenänderungen in Rohrleitungen verwendet. Es wird somit die gesamte Rohrwandung auf Unregelmäßigkeiten vermessen. Hierzu ist etwa ein Puls-Echo- Verfahren zweckmäßig, bei dem die von den Ultraschalistrahlern 2 emittierten Pulse an der Rohrinnenwand des Rohres 1 reflektiert und von den Ultraschalistrahlern 2 wieder empfangen und in elektrische Signale verwandelt werden. Die elektrischen Ausgangssignale der Ultraschallstrahler 2 werden von einer in der Figur nicht gezeigten Nachweiseinrichtung nachgewiesen und weiterverarbeitet. Das Rohr 1 ist mit Wasser gefüllt und die die Ultraschallstrahler 2 enthaltende Vorrichtung 7, das Prüfsystem, wird mittels der Kugelführungen 9 konzentrisch zu der Rohrachse 6 angeordnet und entsprechend zu dieser bewegt, und zwar abhängig davon, wie die Innenwand des Rohres 1 vermessen werden soll.better test sensitivity of the device. The excitation of the ultrasound emitters 2 for emitting ultrasound takes place with an excitation device, not shown in the figure, which generates the signals 11. The ultrasound emitters 2 usually have piezoelectric elements, so that the excitation takes place by means of electrical signals. The device according to the invention is usually used to measure irregularities, such as imperfections and changes in wall thickness in pipelines. The entire pipe wall is thus measured for irregularities. For this purpose, a pulse-echo method is expedient, for example, in which the pulses emitted by the ultrasound emitters 2 are reflected on the inner tube wall of the tube 1 and received again by the ultrasound emitters 2 and converted into electrical signals. The electrical output signals of the ultrasound emitter 2 are detected and processed by a detection device, not shown in the figure. The tube 1 is filled with water and the device 7 containing the ultrasound emitter 2, the test system, is arranged by means of the ball guides 9 concentrically to the tube axis 6 and moved accordingly, depending on how the inner wall of the tube 1 is to be measured .
Fig. 3 zeigt die Vorrichtung aus Fig. 2. Für die Gruppe aus fünf Ultraschalistrahlern 2 ist dargestellt, wie durch geeignete Phasenansteuerung der einzelnen Ultraschallstrahler 2 mit den Signalen 1 1 ein gewünschter Fokusabstand des von der Gruppe der Ultraschallstrahler 2 emittierten Ultraschalls eingestellt werden kann. In der Figur ist die Phasenansteuerung so gewählt, daß der Fokus der Gruppe der Ultraschallstrahler 2 auf bzw. in der gegenüberliegenden Innenwand des Rohres 1 liegt. In Fig. 4 ist eine weitere Möglichkeit der Phasenansteuerung derselben Gruppe von Ultraschalistrahlern 2 gezeigt, bei welcher der Fokus der Gruppe der Ultraschallstrahler 2 ebenfalls auf der Innenwand des Rohres 1 liegt. In diesem Fall ist jedoch die Phasenverschiebung zwischen den die Ultraschallstrahler 2 anregenden Signalen und damit zwischen dem von ihnen emittierten Ultraschall so gewählt, daß der Fokus hinsichtlich der Zeichnung in Fig. 3 axial versetzt wird. In Fig. 4 wird der Ultraschall durch die Phasenansteuerung schräg, in Fig. 3 senk¬ recht hinsichtlich der Symmetrieachse durch die Anordnung der Gruppe der Ultraschallstrahler 2 in das Rohr 1 eingestrahlt. Es kann also aufgrund der Phasenansteuerung der Ultraschallstrahler 2 mit einer Gruppe ein radialer Bereich in einer axialen Höhe des Rohres 1 vermessen werden.FIG. 3 shows the device from FIG. 2. For the group of five ultrasound emitters 2 it is shown how a desired focus distance of the ultrasound emitted by the group of ultrasound emitters 2 can be set by means of suitable phase control of the individual ultrasound emitters 2 with the signals 11. In the figure, the phase control is selected so that the focus of the group of ultrasound emitters 2 is on or in the opposite inner wall of the tube 1. 4 shows a further possibility of phase control of the same group of ultrasonic radiators 2, in which the focus of the group of ultrasonic radiators 2 is also on the inner wall of the tube 1. In this case, however, the phase shift between the signals exciting the ultrasound emitter 2 and thus between the ultrasound emitted by them is selected such that the focus is axially shifted with respect to the drawing in FIG. 3. In FIG. 4 the ultrasound becomes oblique due to the phase control, in FIG. 3 perpendicularly with respect to the axis of symmetry radiated into the tube 1 by the arrangement of the group of ultrasound emitters 2. A radial area at an axial height of the tube 1 can therefore be measured with a group due to the phase control of the ultrasound emitter 2.
Die erfindungsgemäße Anordnung der Ultraschallstrahler 2 auf einer konkaven Fläche hat auch einen langen Laufweg des Ultraschalls von den Ultraschalistrahlern zu der Rohrinnenwand zur Folge. Zum einen hat dies den Vorteil, daß die Ultraschallfelder einer größeren Anzahl von Ultraschalistrahlern 2 überlagerungsfähig sind und sich somit eine schärfere Fokussierung erreichen läßt. Zum anderen hat der längere Laufweg auch zur Folge, daß für eine gewünschte Phasenansteuerung, aufgrund welcher der Ultraschall schräg in Rohrumfangsrichtung eingestrahlt werden kann, geringere Phasenunterschiede zwischen den Ultraschalistrahlern 2 erforderlich sind, um einen bestimmten radialen Bereich des zu untersuchenden Rohres 1 zu vermessen. Zum Vermessen des Rohres 1 kann das Prüfsystem 7 zum einen durch eine nicht gezeigte Verschiebeeinrichtung in Richtung der Achse 6 des Rohres bewegt werden. Ferner kann das Prüfsystem um die Rohrachse 6 gedreht werden, um weitere radiale Bereiche des Rohres 1 auszumessen. Die Drehung des Prüfsystems um die Rohrachse 6 kann auch durch eine geeignete versetzte Anordnung von ver¬ schiedenen Gruppen von Ultraschalistrahlern 2 und durch deren Phasenansteuerung, wie sie oben beschrieben wurde, ersetzt werden.The arrangement according to the invention of the ultrasound emitters 2 on a concave surface also results in a long path of the ultrasound from the ultrasound emitters to the inner tube wall. On the one hand, this has the advantage that the ultrasound fields of a larger number of ultrasound emitters 2 can be superimposed and thus a sharper focusing can be achieved. On the other hand, the longer travel distance also means that, for a desired phase control, on the basis of which the ultrasound can be irradiated obliquely in the circumferential direction of the tube, smaller phase differences between the ultrasound emitters 2 are required in order to measure a specific radial area of the tube 1 to be examined. To measure the pipe 1, the test system 7 can be moved in the direction of the axis 6 of the pipe by a displacement device, not shown. Furthermore, the test system can be rotated around the pipe axis 6 in order to measure further radial areas of the pipe 1. The rotation of the test system around the tube axis 6 can also be replaced by a suitable offset arrangement of different groups of ultrasonic radiators 2 and by their phase control, as described above.
In Fig. 5 ist ein Ausführungsbeispiel der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung 7 im Längsschnitt 5a und im Schnitt A-A in Figur 5a in der darunterliegenden Fig. 5b dargestellt.FIG. 5 shows an embodiment of the device 7 according to the invention in longitudinal section 5a and in section A-A in FIG. 5a in FIG. 5b below.
Die Vorrichtung 7 bzw. das Prüfsystem ist in dem zu untersuchenden Rohr 1 symmetrisch zu der Rohrachse 6 angeordnet. Der Hohlzylinder besteht in dem gezeigten Beispiel aus drei Wandsegmenten 3, die mit einer Fußplatte 13 und einer Deckplatte 14 verbunden sind. An diesen Befestigungsteilen sind Kugelführungen 9 angebracht. Die Deckplatte ist mit einem Abschlußstück 1 2 versehen. Die Wandsegmente 3 sind als zu der Hohizylinderachse 6 symmetrische Streifen entlang eines Teilumfangs des Hohlzylinders ausgebildet. Die Wandsegmente 3 sind axial gegeneinander versetzt und miteinander verbunden und in dem Hohlzylinder 4 gegenüber den fensterartigen Durchbrüchen 5 befestigt. Ferner sind die Wandsegmente 3 derart versetzt, daß ein Wandsegment 3 jeweils die Fortsetzung des vorhergehenden Wandsegments 3 bildet, und beispielsweise der gesamte Hohlzylinderumfang durch die drei Wandsegmente 3 abgedeckt wird. Auf den Wandsegmenten 3 sind die Ultraschallstrahler 2 ringförmig angeordnet. Die Ultraschallstrahler 2 werden in Gruppen, wie in Figuren 2 bis 4 gezeigt, angesteuert, so daß ihr Fokus auf der Innenwand des Rohres 1 liegt, und das Rohr 1 auf Fehlstellen vermessen werden kann. Durch entsprechende Phasenansteuerung der Uitraschallstrahler 2 können somit große radiale Bereiche des Rohres 1 vermessen werden. Da die Wandsegmente 3 und damit die Ultraschallstrahier 2 radial gegeneinander versetzt sind, kann mit der Vorrichtung 7 durch rein axiale Verschiebung derselben der gesamte Umfang des Rohres 1 in einem bestimmten axialen Bereich des Rohres 1 vermessen werden. Verschiedene axiale Bereiche des Rohres 1 können ebenfalls durch axiale Verschiebung des Prüfsystems vermessen werden.The device 7 or the test system is arranged in the pipe 1 to be examined symmetrically to the pipe axis 6. In the example shown, the hollow cylinder consists of three wall segments 3, which are connected to a base plate 13 and a cover plate 14. Ball guides 9 are attached to these fastening parts. The cover plate is provided with an end piece 1 2. The wall segments 3 are symmetrical to the hollow cylinder axis 6 Stripes formed along a partial circumference of the hollow cylinder. The wall segments 3 are axially offset from one another and connected to one another and fastened in the hollow cylinder 4 with respect to the window-like openings 5. Furthermore, the wall segments 3 are offset such that a wall segment 3 forms the continuation of the previous wall segment 3, and for example the entire hollow cylinder circumference is covered by the three wall segments 3. The ultrasound emitters 2 are arranged in a ring on the wall segments 3. The ultrasound emitters 2 are controlled in groups, as shown in FIGS. 2 to 4, so that their focus is on the inner wall of the tube 1 and the tube 1 can be measured for defects. Appropriate phase control of the ultrasound radiator 2 allows large radial areas of the tube 1 to be measured. Since the wall segments 3 and thus the ultrasound emitters 2 are radially offset from one another, the device 7 can be used to measure the entire circumference of the tube 1 in a specific axial region of the tube 1 by means of a purely axial displacement thereof. Different axial areas of the tube 1 can also be measured by axially displacing the test system.
In Fig. 6 ist eine schematische Darstellung eines weiteren Ausführungsbeispiels der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung gezeigt. Das hohlzylinderartige Prüfsystem ist hier ebenfalls achsensymmetrisch zu der Rohrachse 6 des Rohres 1 angeordnet. Die Wand des Hohlzylinders 4 ist hier als ein spiralförmig angeordneter bandartiger Streifen 10 ausgebildet. Der Spiralabstand bzw. die Steigung der Spirale ist derart gewählt, daß jeweils eine Gruppe von auf dem Spiralstreifen 10 angeordneten Ultraschalistrahlern 2 kein Teilbereich des bandartigen Streifens gegenüberliegt, so daß der Ultraschall dieser Ultraschallstrahier 2 durch den entsprechenden Bereich des Hohlzylinders 4 hindurchdringen und auf die Innenwand des Rohres 1 fokussiert werden kann. Das Fokussieren des Ultraschalls erfolgt auf die in Zusammenhang mit den obigen Figuren beschriebene Art und Weise. Das Vermessen von Fehlstellen in dem gesamten Rohr 1 erfolgt ebenfalls wie in Zusammenhang mit Fig. 5 beschrieben.6 shows a schematic illustration of a further exemplary embodiment of the device according to the invention. The hollow cylinder-like test system is here also arranged axisymmetrically to the tube axis 6 of the tube 1. The wall of the hollow cylinder 4 is designed here as a spirally arranged band-like strip 10. The spiral spacing or the gradient of the spiral is selected such that a group of ultrasonic radiators 2 arranged on the spiral strip 10 is not opposite a partial area of the band-like strip, so that the ultrasound of these ultrasonic radiators 2 penetrate through the corresponding region of the hollow cylinder 4 and onto the inner wall of the tube 1 can be focused. The ultrasound is focused in the manner described in connection with the above figures. The measurement of defects in the entire tube 1 is also carried out as described in connection with FIG. 5.
In Fig. 7 ist neben der schematischen Ausführungsform für die Senkrechteinschallung im oberen Teilbild eine schematische Darstellung eines andseren Ausführungsbeispiels der Erfindung für die Schrägeinschallung gezeigt, entsprechend dem unteren Teil der Fig. 5a.In addition to the schematic embodiment for vertical sound reinforcement, FIG. 7 shows a schematic representation of a shown another embodiment of the invention for the oblique sound, corresponding to the lower part of Fig. 5a.
Die Neigung der Uitraschallstrahler 2 ist derart gewählt, daß die Ultraschallfelder 8 der Uitraschallstrahler 2 durch den oberen Fensterdurchbruch 5 des Hohlzylinders 4 laufen und schräg auf die Innenwand des Rohres 1 gerichtet sind.The inclination of the ultrasound emitter 2 is selected such that the ultrasound fields 8 of the ultrasound emitter 2 run through the upper window opening 5 of the hollow cylinder 4 and are directed obliquely onto the inner wall of the tube 1.
In der Fig. 7a sind die Uitraschallstrahler 2 nach oben geneigt angeordnet und auch dargestellt. Die Uitraschallstrahler 2 können natürlich auch nach unten geneigt sein, bei entsprechend unterhalb der Uitraschallstrahler angeordneten Durchbrüchen 5.7a, the ultrasound radiators 2 are arranged inclined upwards and also shown. The ultrasound radiators 2 can of course also be inclined downward, with openings 5 arranged correspondingly below the ultrasound radiators.
In Fig. 8 ist eine weitere schematische Darstellung eines anderen Ausführungsbeispiels der Erfindung gezeigt. In dem zu vermessenden Rohr 1 ist achsensymmetrisch ein Hohlzylinder 4 als Prüfsystem angeordnet. In dem Hohlzylinder 4 sind die Ultraschallstrahier 2 nach unten geneigt angeordnet. Die Neigung ist derart gewählt, daß die Ultraschallfelder der Uitraschallstrahler 2 an dem unteren Ende der Vorrichtung 7 vorbeilaufen und unterhalb des Hohlzylinders 4 auf die Innenwand des Rohres 1 gerichtet sind.8 shows a further schematic illustration of another exemplary embodiment of the invention. In the tube 1 to be measured, a hollow cylinder 4 is arranged as an inspection system in an axisymmetric manner. In the hollow cylinder 4, the ultrasound emitters 2 are arranged inclined downwards. The inclination is chosen such that the ultrasonic fields of the ultrasound emitter 2 pass the lower end of the device 7 and are directed below the hollow cylinder 4 onto the inner wall of the tube 1.
Die Uitraschallstrahler 2 können gemäß diesem Ausführungsbeispiel natürlich auch nach oben gerichtet sein, wobei sie dann am oberen Ende der Vorrichtung 7 angeordnet sind, sodaß die Ultraschallfelder der Uitraschallstrahler 2 oberhalb des oberen Endes des Hohlzylinders 4 vorbeilaufen und auf die Behälterinnenwand 1 treffen.According to this exemplary embodiment, the ultrasound emitters 2 can of course also be directed upwards, in which case they are arranged at the upper end of the device 7, so that the ultrasound fields of the ultrasound emitters 2 run past the upper end of the hollow cylinder 4 and meet the inner wall 1 of the container.
Durch entsprechende Phasenansteuerung der Uitraschallstrahler 2 kann der Ultraschall auf die Rohrinnenwand fokussiert werden, wo dann wie oben beschrieben Fehlstellen nachgewiesen werden können. Aufgrund der Neigungswinkel der Uitraschallstrahler 2 und der durch die Phasenansteuerung gewählten Fokussierung kann das Rohr in diesem Fall auch mit der Anordnung derBy appropriate phase control of the ultrasound emitter 2, the ultrasound can be focused on the inner tube wall, where defects can then be detected as described above. Due to the angle of inclination of the ultrasound radiator 2 and the focusing selected by the phase control, the tube can in this case also be arranged with the
Uitraschallstrahler in einem Hohlzylinder ohne Unterbrechungen, d. h. der nicht segmentiert oder spiralförmig aufgebaut ist, verwendet werden. Es ergibt sich hier wie oben aufgrund der längeren Laufwege des Ultraschalls und der damit verbundenen geringeren Laufwegsunterschiede der einzelnen Uitraschallstrahler 2 eine bessere Fokussierung. Diese Anordnung ist für die Prüfung auf in Rohrum- fangsrichtung orientierte Fehler geeignet. Zum Vermessen der Fehler in verschiedenen axialen Bereichen des Rohres 1 kann hier das Prüfsystem 7, also der Hohlzylinder 4, durch das Rohr 1 bewegt werden. Es wird durch geeignete Phasenansteuerung eine Fokussierung in Rohrumfangsrichtung und durch die Neigung oder Krümmung der einzelnen Uitraschallstrahler eine Fokussierung in Rohrachsenrichtung erreicht. Es ist auch möglich, die Anordnung der Figur 8 mit einem der in Figuren 5 und 6 gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiele zu kombinieren.Ultrasound emitters can be used in a hollow cylinder without interruptions, ie which is not segmented or constructed in a spiral. As above, this results in better focusing due to the longer travel paths of the ultrasound and the associated lower travel path differences of the individual ultrasound emitters 2. This arrangement is for testing direction-oriented errors are suitable. To measure the errors in different axial areas of the tube 1, the test system 7, that is to say the hollow cylinder 4, can be moved through the tube 1 here. Suitable phase control enables focusing in the tube circumferential direction and focusing in the tube axis direction due to the inclination or curvature of the individual ultrasound emitters. It is also possible to combine the arrangement in FIG. 8 with one of the exemplary embodiments shown in FIGS. 5 and 6.
Im folgenden wird die Funktionsweise der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung anhand des Beispieles aus Fig. 5 beschrieben. In dem mit Wasser gefüllten Rohr 1 wird das hohlzylinderartige Prüfsystem 7 in einem bestimmten axialen Bereich des Rohres 1 symmetrisch zu der Rohrachse 6 angeordnet. Die auf den Wandseg¬ menten 3 des Prüfsystems angeordneten Uitraschallstrahler 2 werden gruppenweise mittels einer nicht gezeigten Anregungseinrichtung zum Aussenden von Ultraschall angeregt. Die Fokussierung des von einer jeweiligen Gruppe emittierten Ultraschalls erfolgt durch geeignete Phasenansteuerung der einzelnen Uitraschallstrahler 2. Durch entsprechendes Takten mit der Anregungseinrichtung wird die Phasenansteuerung der einzelnen Uitraschallstrahler derart geändert, daß mit einer jeweiligen Gruppe ein gewünschter radialer Bereich der Innenwand des Rohres 1 auf Fehlstellen vermessen werden kann. Bei jeder Messung werden die von den Ultraschalistrahlern 2 emittierten Pulse von der Innenwand und von Fehlern in einer bestimmten Tiefe unter der Innenwand des Rohres zurückreflektiert und von den Ultraschallsendern nachgewiesen. Die von den Ultraschalistrahlern aufgrund dieser Signale abgegebenen elektrischen Signale • werden einer Nachweiseinrichtung zugeführt, in welcher der Nachweis und ein entsprechendes Auswerten der Daten sowie ein Ermitteln der Fehlstellen erfolgt. Das Meßverfahren erfolgt über eine Puls-Echo-Methode. Wenn die Meßwerte in einer bestimmten axialen Position des Rohres 1 aufgenommen worden sind, wirdThe mode of operation of the device according to the invention is described below using the example from FIG. 5. In the tube 1 filled with water, the hollow cylinder-like test system 7 is arranged symmetrically to the tube axis 6 in a certain axial region of the tube 1. The ultrasound emitters 2 arranged on the wall segments 3 of the test system are excited in groups to emit ultrasound by means of an excitation device (not shown). The focusing of the ultrasound emitted by a respective group is carried out by suitable phase control of the individual ultrasound emitters 2. By appropriate clocking with the excitation device, the phase control of the individual ultrasound emitters is changed such that with a respective group a desired radial area of the inner wall of the tube 1 is measured for defects can be. With each measurement, the pulses emitted by the ultrasound emitters 2 are reflected back from the inner wall and from errors at a certain depth below the inner wall of the tube and detected by the ultrasound transmitters. The output from the Ultraschalistrahlern basis of these signals, • electrical signals are supplied to a detection means in which the detection and a corresponding evaluation of the data and a determination of the defects is carried out. The measuring process is carried out using a pulse-echo method. When the measured values have been recorded in a certain axial position of the tube 1,
das Prüfsystem innerhalb des Rohres 1 in axialer Richtung in eine weitere vorbestimmte Position verschoben. Dort wird der oben beschriebene Meßvorgang wiederholt. Die Messung in verschiedenen axialen Positionen des Rohres 1 erfolgt solange, bis der erwünschte Rohrbereich bzw. das gesamte Rohr vermessen worden ist. the test system within the tube 1 in the axial direction in a further predetermined position. The measurement process described above is repeated there. The measurement in various axial positions of the tube 1 is carried out until the desired tube area or the entire tube has been measured.
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP95924924A EP0766822A1 (en) | 1994-06-23 | 1995-06-23 | Device for measuring the size of irregularities on the inside walls of containers using ultrasonics |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19944421847 DE4421847C2 (en) | 1994-06-23 | 1994-06-23 | Device for measuring irregularities in the inner walls of containers with ultrasound |
| DEP4421847.8 | 1994-06-23 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1996000387A1 true WO1996000387A1 (en) | 1996-01-04 |
Family
ID=6521230
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP1995/002453 Ceased WO1996000387A1 (en) | 1994-06-23 | 1995-06-23 | Device for measuring the size of irregularities on the inside walls of containers using ultrasonics |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0766822A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE4421847C2 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1996000387A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10202432A1 (en) * | 2002-01-22 | 2003-08-07 | Pii Pipetronix Gmbh | Method and device for examining pipelines |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19617455C2 (en) * | 1996-05-02 | 1998-04-09 | Siemens Ag | Method for ultrasound inspection of a workpiece |
| TW484139B (en) * | 1999-06-18 | 2002-04-21 | Siemens Power Corp | Method for the inspection of steam generator tubing utilizing nonaxisymetric guided waves |
| FR2796153B1 (en) * | 1999-07-09 | 2001-11-30 | Setval | NON-DESTRUCTIVE CONTROL WITH DISTRIBUTED ULTRASONIC SENSORS |
| DE10014936C1 (en) * | 2000-03-20 | 2001-10-25 | Mannesmann Ag | US probe head device |
| DE10338063A1 (en) * | 2003-08-19 | 2005-03-17 | Daimlerchrysler Ag | Ultrasonic method for measuring the cylinder lining thickness in a crankcase, in which a liquid couplant is used to couple the ultrasonic probe to the cylinder lining |
| GB0816804D0 (en) * | 2008-09-13 | 2008-10-22 | Offshore Marine Technology Ltd | Inspection device |
| GB201020249D0 (en) * | 2010-11-30 | 2011-01-12 | Airbus Uk Ltd | Ultrasonic array focussing apparatus and method |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2256617A1 (en) * | 1973-12-26 | 1975-07-25 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | |
| FR2298921A5 (en) * | 1973-01-29 | 1976-08-20 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | ULTRASONIC CONTROL PROCESS FOR HIGH THICKNESS WELDING AND IMPLEMENTATION DEVICES |
| GB2079102A (en) * | 1980-06-27 | 1982-01-13 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd | Arc scan transducer array having a diverging lens |
| EP0493146A1 (en) * | 1990-12-21 | 1992-07-01 | Framatome | Apparatus for non-destructive ultrasonic testing of elongated elements with an approximately constant section |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3417600A (en) * | 1966-10-10 | 1968-12-24 | Western Electric Co | Wire heading mechanism |
| JP3608582B2 (en) * | 1995-07-07 | 2005-01-12 | ソニー株式会社 | Image encoding apparatus and method, image decoding apparatus and method |
-
1994
- 1994-06-23 DE DE19944421847 patent/DE4421847C2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1995
- 1995-06-23 EP EP95924924A patent/EP0766822A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1995-06-23 WO PCT/EP1995/002453 patent/WO1996000387A1/en not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2298921A5 (en) * | 1973-01-29 | 1976-08-20 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | ULTRASONIC CONTROL PROCESS FOR HIGH THICKNESS WELDING AND IMPLEMENTATION DEVICES |
| FR2256617A1 (en) * | 1973-12-26 | 1975-07-25 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | |
| GB2079102A (en) * | 1980-06-27 | 1982-01-13 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd | Arc scan transducer array having a diverging lens |
| EP0493146A1 (en) * | 1990-12-21 | 1992-07-01 | Framatome | Apparatus for non-destructive ultrasonic testing of elongated elements with an approximately constant section |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10202432A1 (en) * | 2002-01-22 | 2003-08-07 | Pii Pipetronix Gmbh | Method and device for examining pipelines |
| DE10262232B4 (en) * | 2002-01-22 | 2008-07-03 | Pii Pipetronix Gmbh | Method and device for inspecting pipelines |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE4421847C2 (en) | 1996-06-27 |
| EP0766822A1 (en) | 1997-04-09 |
| DE4421847A1 (en) | 1996-01-04 |
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