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WO1995026519A1 - Procede permettant d'obtenir un effet photorefractif dans des dispositifs optiques, et dispositifs optiques realises selon ce procede - Google Patents

Procede permettant d'obtenir un effet photorefractif dans des dispositifs optiques, et dispositifs optiques realises selon ce procede Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1995026519A1
WO1995026519A1 PCT/AU1995/000177 AU9500177W WO9526519A1 WO 1995026519 A1 WO1995026519 A1 WO 1995026519A1 AU 9500177 W AU9500177 W AU 9500177W WO 9526519 A1 WO9526519 A1 WO 9526519A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
doped
53zrf
4laf
3alf
starting point
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/AU1995/000177
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English (en)
Inventor
Paul Lawrence Rossiter
Douglas Macfarlane
Peter Newman
John Javorniczky
Edward Eduardovich Tapanes
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Monash University
Original Assignee
Monash University
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Monash University filed Critical Monash University
Priority to AU21064/95A priority Critical patent/AU2106495A/en
Publication of WO1995026519A1 publication Critical patent/WO1995026519A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C23/00—Other surface treatment of glass not in the form of fibres or filaments
    • C03C23/0005—Other surface treatment of glass not in the form of fibres or filaments by irradiation
    • C03C23/0015—Other surface treatment of glass not in the form of fibres or filaments by irradiation by visible light
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C23/00—Other surface treatment of glass not in the form of fibres or filaments
    • C03C23/0005—Other surface treatment of glass not in the form of fibres or filaments by irradiation
    • C03C23/002—Other surface treatment of glass not in the form of fibres or filaments by irradiation by ultraviolet light
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/02057—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating comprising gratings
    • G02B6/02076—Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings
    • G02B6/0208—Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings characterised by their structure, wavelength response
    • G02B6/021—Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings characterised by their structure, wavelength response characterised by the core or cladding or coating, e.g. materials, radial refractive index profiles, cladding shape

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method of producing a photorefractive effect in an optical device, for example the production of in-situ refractive index gratings in waveguides, and to optical devices made by that method.
  • Optical devices are commonly used in industry and science and include waveguides such as optical fibres, lenses and other optical elements. Such optical devices are used in a variety of instruments and installations.
  • Waveguides including optical fibres
  • Fibre optic sensors are very promising for these applications because of their dielectric properties, their fine size, their ability to be remotely located and, in the case of intrinsic sensors, rapid response times. They also have particular advantages in hazardous environments. In addition, they have several clear advantages over existing conventional sensing techniques such as bulk optical analysis and measurements, poten iometrie electrodes, resistive foil gauges, piezo-electric transducers, and chemical batch analysis.
  • Silica-based optical fibres have been demonstrated to have photorefractive properties when doped with germanium. [Hill et. al., Applied Physics Letters, 32(10), 1978] Refractive index change due to ultraviolet (UV) irradiation induced generation of defect sites in germanosilicate glass preforms and optical fibres is well documented. [G. Meltz et. al.. Optics Letters, 14 (15), pp. 823-825, 1989] Early in the development of silica optical fibres for telecommunications a strong absorption band in the UV
  • the UV beam is in the form of an interference pattern a highly-ordered, three dimensional reflection/transmission or Bragg grating can be photo-'etched' or written permanently into the core of the fibre.
  • the Bragg gratings created by the periodic refractive index change have allowed silica optical fibres to act as in-situ narrowband filters.
  • silica-based fibres are limited in operation to the visible and near IR region of the spectrum. This limitation has generated a strong interest in the development of glasses with a wider IR bandwidth (ie. for applications such as fluoride glass (IR) optical amplifiers and IR optical instrumentation) .
  • IR fluoride glass
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a photorefractive effect in an optical device made from materials other than standard germanium-doped silica-based materials.
  • the invention may be said to reside in a method for producing a photorefractive effect in an optical device, including the step of: illuminating a material from which the device is to be formed to induce solarisation involving a photo- initiated redox reaction in the material so that the material exhibits a permanent or quasi-permanent photorefractive effect.
  • the invention may also be said to reside in an optical device including: a body formed from an optical material; and a photorefractive effect in the optical material, the photorefractive effect being formed by illuminating the waveguide material to induce solarisation involving a photo-initiated REDOX reaction in the material so that the material exhibits a permanent or quasi-permanent photorefractive effect.
  • the mechanism of changing the refractive index of the material, that is forming the photorefractive effect in the material relates to the photon induced oxidation of a species present in the material, either as a dopant, co- dopant or as a main component.
  • the photo-oxidation of the species liberates an electron which, after a brief lifetime, usually finds a stable repository by combining with some reducible species in the material.
  • the reducible species may also be added as a dopant or co-dopant or may be intrinsically part of the material composition.
  • the overall process is therefore essentially a photo-initiated REDOX reaction within the material.
  • Typical examples of solarisable materials include glasses containing Ce 3+ and V 3+ or Ce 3+ and Cu 2+ as reductant and oxidant respectively.
  • the material is preferably an optically transmitting material, such as glass, which includes an oxidisable species either existing in the glass material or added as a dopant to the glass material and a repository species either present in the glass material or added as a dopant to the glass material.
  • the material is illuminated with electromagnetic radiation which is in the form of a preferred pattern, such as an interference pattern or is used to photo-etch the pattern generated by acousto-optical (or any other) means to induce the photorefractive effect in the material.
  • electromagnetic radiation is in the form of a preferred pattern, such as an interference pattern or is used to photo-etch the pattern generated by acousto-optical (or any other) means to induce the photorefractive effect in the material.
  • the oxidisable species and repository species must not only be capable of being involved in a REDOX reaction but must also produce a non-cancelling effect on refractive index when transformed by the REDOX reaction.
  • the host glass system maybe any amorphous material transparent over the wavelengths of interest, which is able to host the oxidant/reductant species.
  • one or more of the redox active species may be part of the host glass composition.
  • Suitable amorphous hosts include:
  • oxide glasses including: silicates, borates, phosphates, fluorophosphates, aluminates, nitrates, and oxide glasses of Si, Ga, Ge, As, Se, In, Sn, Sb, Te, Tl, Pb, Bi, Cd and/or transition metals.
  • halide glasses including: fluoroberrylates, fluorozirconates, fluorohafnates, fluoroaluminates, fluoroindates, transition metal fluorile systems and glasses containing ZrCl 2 , CdBr, Cdl, Hgl, Agl, AgBr, A1C1 3 , AlBr 3 , All 3 and/or Bi.
  • Chalcogenide glasses including glasses based on As, Sb, Se, S, Te and/or Sb.
  • Nitride and phosphide glasses iv) Nitride and phosphide glasses.
  • Polymer glasses including: poly(methylmethacrylate) and acrylates and methacrylates generally, polymers based on poly(alkylene oxides), polycarbonates and non- crystalline polymeric materials generally.
  • Molecular liquid based glasses including: glycerol, propylene glycol and other liquids capable of forming glasses at low temperatures.
  • Ionin ⁇ glasses generally (not otherwise included above) including lithium acetate and lithium formate.
  • the photoredox mechanism may also be made operative in single crystal hosts and liquid crystalline materials.
  • the host glass system contains one or more of the following elements in an appropriate combination such that there is at least one oxidant species and at least one reductant species available:
  • Nb, Mo, Ru, Rh, Pd Ag, Sn, Sb, Te, I, Ce, Pr, Sn, Sm, Eu, In, Tb, Tm, Yb, W, Re, Os, Ir, Pt, Au, Hg, Tl, Pb, Bi, U, Ga and organic redox active species including: hydroquinone, quinones generally, radical stabilisers generally and organic reductants including ascorbates.
  • the photorefractive effect is used to form a refractive index grating in the material and preferably the optical device comprises a waveguide including an optical fibre, a lens or other optical element such as an optical sensor.
  • V-doped ZBLAN20 (53ZrF 4 -20BaF 2 -4LaF 3 -3AlF 3 - 15 20NaF mole percent) as the starting point fluoride glass.
  • V-doped ZBLACslO 53ZrF 4 -30BaF 2 -4LaF 3 -3AlF 3 - lOCsF mole percent
  • V-doped ZBLACs20 (53ZrF 4 -20BaF 2 -4LaF 3 -3AlF 3 - 20CsF mole percent) as the starting point fluoride glass.
  • the invention may also be said to reside in an optical device including or comprising a material selected from the materials disclosed in the preceding paragraph.
  • a glass block (10mm x 10mm x 4mm) was formulated to contain: ZrF 4 , 60.78; BaF 2 , 24.08; LaF 3 , 5.41; A1F 3 , 1.80; NaF, 5.73; CeF 3 , 1.41; CuF 2 , 0.79 weight percent. This glass was exposed to Ultraviolet/Visible (UV/Vis) light from an Osram Ultra-Vitalux 300W lamp for 32 hours.
  • UV/Vis Ultraviolet/Visible
  • the glass After irradiation, the glass was found to have a refractive index of 1.5029 as compared to 1.5005 for the unirradiated glass.
  • Example 1 As for Example 1 except that the dopants were CeF 3 and PbF 2 instead of CeF 3 and CuF 2 , ie ZrF 4 , 60.90; BaF 2 , 24.013;
  • Example 3 As for Example 1 except that lnF 3 was also included, ie
  • ZrF 4 60.14; BaF 2 , 23.83; LaF 3 , 5.35; AlF 3 , 1.78; NaF, 5.67; CeF 3 , 1.72; CuF 2 , 0.85; InF 3 , 0.65 weight percent and the refractive index after irradiation was 1.5045 as compared to 1.5031 before irradiation.
  • the conventional method of forming gratings in standard germanium-doped silica-based fibres typically produce a permanent refractive index change of no more than ⁇ slO -3 without irreparable damage to the glass or stability problems. This sets a serious limitation on the operating performance of devices made using the conventional method.
  • the method according to the present invention has provided substantial changes in refractive index and in the above examples a A. of 2.1 x 10 "3 , 1.1 x 10 "3 , and 1.4 x 10 "3 was provided.
  • Optical devices made by the method of the invention and optical devices according to the invention are useful in a wide variety of fields including spectroscopy and communications as optical signal detection, conditioning and processing devices, as well as strain and temperature • sensors in the optical sensing field and optical computing elements and optical memories in the computing field. Since modifications within the spirit and scope of the invention may readily be effected by persons skilled within the art, it is to be understood that this invention is not limited to the particular embodiment described by way of example hereinabove.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Glass Compositions (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne, d'une part, un procédé permettant de produire un effet réfractif dans un dispositif optique et, d'autre part, le dispositif optique réalisé selon ce procédé. Celui-ci consiste à illuminer le matériau servant à la fabrication dudit dispositif de manière à provoquer une solarisation, avec réaction redox photo-amorcée, de sorte que le matériau présente un effet photoréfractif permanent ou quasi-permanent. Le mécanisme permettant de produire un effet photoréfractif dans le matériau est lié à l'oxydation photo-induite d'une espèce de matière présente dans le matériau, que ce soit comme dopant, co-dopant ou composant principal. La photo-oxydation de cette espèce libère un électron qui, après une brève durée de vie, trouve généralement une aire de dépôt appropriée en se combinant avec certaines espèces présentes dans le matériau. Cette méthode permet de produire des effets photoréfractifs dans des matériaux et, notamment, dans des matériaux vitreux autres que les matériaux dopés au germanium et les matériaux à base de silicium.
PCT/AU1995/000177 1994-03-29 1995-03-29 Procede permettant d'obtenir un effet photorefractif dans des dispositifs optiques, et dispositifs optiques realises selon ce procede Ceased WO1995026519A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU21064/95A AU2106495A (en) 1994-03-29 1995-03-29 A method of producing a photorefractive effect in optical devices and optical devices formed by that method

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AUPM4748 1994-03-29
AUPM474894 1994-03-29

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1995026519A1 true WO1995026519A1 (fr) 1995-10-05

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2742234A1 (fr) * 1995-12-11 1997-06-13 France Telecom Procede pour la realisation de reseaux de bragg a partir d'un verre fluore de type pzg et guide optique obtenu par ledit procede
US6153339A (en) * 1998-03-31 2000-11-28 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Volume holographic data storage with doped high optical quality glass
WO2003045863A1 (fr) * 2001-11-28 2003-06-05 Ooo 'corning' Nouveau materiaux photorefractifs, produits intermediaires destines a leur fabrication et procedes de fabrication
WO2004071983A1 (fr) * 2003-02-12 2004-08-26 Obschestvo S Ogranichennoi Otvetstvennostiju 'corning' Procede pour fabriquer des materiaux photorefractifs
RU2539455C1 (ru) * 2013-12-23 2015-01-20 Федеральное Государственное Автономное Образовательное Учреждение Высшего Профессионального Образования "Дальневосточный Федеральный Университет" (Двфу) Способ получения фторидных стекол

Non-Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, Volume 60, No. 2, 13 January 1992, J. ALBERT et al., "Formation and Bleaching of Strong Ultraviolet Absorption Bands in Germanium Implanted Synthetic Fused Silica",pages 148-150. *
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, Volume 63, No. 13, 27 September 1993, V. MIZRAHI et al., "Ultraviolet Laser Fabrication of Ultrastrong Optical Fiber Gratings and of Germania-Doped Channel Waveguides", pages 1727-1729. *
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, Volume 64, No. 7, 14 February 1994, A. PARTOVI et al., "Volume Holographic Storage in Hydrogen Treated Germano-Silicate Glass", pages 821-823. *
ELECTRONICS LETTERS, Volume 29, No. 14, 8 July 1993, R.M. ATKINS et al., "Mechanisms of Enhanced UV Photosensitivity via Hydrogen Loading in Germanosilicate Glasses", pages 1234-1235. *
ELECTRONICS LETTERS, Volume 29, No. 7, 1 April 1993, Y. HIBINO et al., "Increase in Photosensitivity in Silica-Based Optical Waveguides on Silicon", pages 621-623. *
H. RAWSON, "Inorganic Glass-Forming Systems", ACADEMIC PRESS (LONDON), 1967, Chapter 16. *
IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS, Volume 3, No. 3, March 1991, S.E. KANELLOPOULOS et al., "Simultaneous Observation of Photobleaching and Photorefractive Effects in Germanium-Doped Optical Fibers", pages 244-246. *
JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS, Volume 161, 11 August 1993, S. AASLAND et al., "Oxidation States of Transition Metals in ZBLAN", pages 177-181. *
OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS, Volume 81, Nos. 1-2, 1 February 1991, I. SILDOS et al., "Creation of Persistent Spectral-Spatial Structures in a Neutron Coloured Sapphire by Selective Photobleaching", pages 43-46. *

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2742234A1 (fr) * 1995-12-11 1997-06-13 France Telecom Procede pour la realisation de reseaux de bragg a partir d'un verre fluore de type pzg et guide optique obtenu par ledit procede
EP0779522A1 (fr) * 1995-12-11 1997-06-18 France Telecom Procédé pour la réalisation de réseaux de bragg à partir d'un verre fluoré de type PZG dans un guide optique
US6153339A (en) * 1998-03-31 2000-11-28 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Volume holographic data storage with doped high optical quality glass
WO2003045863A1 (fr) * 2001-11-28 2003-06-05 Ooo 'corning' Nouveau materiaux photorefractifs, produits intermediaires destines a leur fabrication et procedes de fabrication
WO2004071983A1 (fr) * 2003-02-12 2004-08-26 Obschestvo S Ogranichennoi Otvetstvennostiju 'corning' Procede pour fabriquer des materiaux photorefractifs
RU2539455C1 (ru) * 2013-12-23 2015-01-20 Федеральное Государственное Автономное Образовательное Учреждение Высшего Профессионального Образования "Дальневосточный Федеральный Университет" (Двфу) Способ получения фторидных стекол

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