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WO1995026482A1 - Reservoir a isolation thermique et element modulaire de paroi pour la construction d'un reservoir a isolation thermique - Google Patents

Reservoir a isolation thermique et element modulaire de paroi pour la construction d'un reservoir a isolation thermique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1995026482A1
WO1995026482A1 PCT/NO1995/000051 NO9500051W WO9526482A1 WO 1995026482 A1 WO1995026482 A1 WO 1995026482A1 NO 9500051 W NO9500051 W NO 9500051W WO 9526482 A1 WO9526482 A1 WO 9526482A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
tank
insulated tank
thermally insulated
membrane
bearing outer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/NO1995/000051
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Ragnvald Otterlei
Tormod Salvesen
Kåre Rygg JOHNSEN
Svein Erik Marum
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kvaerner Moss Technology AS
Original Assignee
Kvaerner Moss Technology AS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kvaerner Moss Technology AS filed Critical Kvaerner Moss Technology AS
Priority to AU21506/95A priority Critical patent/AU2150695A/en
Publication of WO1995026482A1 publication Critical patent/WO1995026482A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
    • F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
    • F17C3/025—Bulk storage in barges or on ships
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/01—Reinforcing or suspension means
    • F17C2203/011—Reinforcing means
    • F17C2203/012—Reinforcing means on or in the wall, e.g. ribs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
    • F17C2203/0329—Foam
    • F17C2203/0333—Polyurethane
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
    • F17C2203/0345—Fibres
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
    • F17C2203/0358—Thermal insulations by solid means in form of panels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0604—Liners
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0612—Wall structures
    • F17C2203/0626—Multiple walls
    • F17C2203/0631—Three or more walls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0636—Metals
    • F17C2203/0639—Steels
    • F17C2203/0643—Stainless steels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0636—Metals
    • F17C2203/0646—Aluminium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0658—Synthetics
    • F17C2203/0663—Synthetics in form of fibers or filaments
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2209/00—Vessel construction, in particular methods of manufacturing
    • F17C2209/21—Shaping processes
    • F17C2209/2109—Moulding
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/035—Propane butane, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/01—Improving mechanical properties or manufacturing
    • F17C2260/011—Improving strength
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/01—Improving mechanical properties or manufacturing
    • F17C2260/016—Preventing slosh
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/01—Improving mechanical properties or manufacturing
    • F17C2260/018—Adapting dimensions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/03—Dealing with losses
    • F17C2260/035—Dealing with losses of fluid
    • F17C2260/038—Detecting leaked fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/0105—Ships
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/0105—Ships
    • F17C2270/0107—Wall panels

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a thermally insulated tank, especially suitable for the reception of low-temperature liquids, comprising a bearing outer structure, an inner shell formed of double-curved units dominated by membrane tension at a distance from the bearing outer structure, a plurality of support structures between the units and the bearing outer structure and thermal insulation in the space between the inner shell and the outer structure.
  • the invention also relates to a modular wall unit for use in the construction of a thermally insulated tank, especially suitable for the reception of low-temperature liquids.
  • the invention has been especially developed in connection with the desire and the need for the transport of liquefied gases, such as LNG and LPG.
  • liquefied gases such as LNG and LPG.
  • Several hydrocarbons have a boiling point and critical temperature that are so low and a critical pressure which is so high that is not practical and/or theoretically possible to keep them liquid at normal temperatures solely by the application of pressure.
  • a lining of this kind could, for example, be of aluminium or another metal such as stainless steel, which maintains a considerable impact resistance even at very low temperatures.
  • a lining of this kind may in itself present problems in a conventional tank structure. Even if the lining can be adapted adequately to the insulation - usually insulation blocks - at room temperature, it will have a tendency to withdraw from the insulation, at least in certain boundary layers when the tank structure is cooled during filling, as during this process various thermal contractions may occur. Such withdrawal will give rise to unwanted voids in the tank structure.
  • a known type of tank for the transport of liquefied gas on board a ship is the so-called integrated tank or membrane tank.
  • a cargo tank of this kind is constructed of a light or thin material which is not designed to take a great load in its own plane. The load pressure is transferred at right angles (perpendicular to the membrane) onto the hull structure of the ship.
  • Such tank structures are double-walled (primary barrier and secondary barrier) cargo systems.
  • One of the objectives of the present invention is to provide a thermally insulated tank, especially suitable for the reception of low-temperature liquids, where the actual tank wall will be capable of taking lateral load from the liquid and of transferring this load to a support structure, which then in turn transfers the load to an outer strength-bearing structure.
  • Another objective of the invention is to provide a thermally insulated tank constructed such that small contraction forces arise when temperatures change.
  • Yet another objective of the invention is to provide a thermally insulated tank constructed such that membrane tension will in essence occur in the tank wall, i.e., mimimum bending stress.
  • Another of the objectives of the invention is to make possible the provision of an air layer between the tank wall and the insulation and channels in the insulation with a view to detecting and locating a leakage in the tank wall .
  • One particular objective of the invention is to make possible the use of cost effective panels or tank units for the construction of a thermally insulated tank.
  • Another of the objectives of the invention is to make a thermally insulated tank such that it can easily be secured to the outer bearing structure of a ship so that the floating up of the tank should liquid enter the ship is obviated.
  • a thermally insulated tank is therefore proposed, especially suitable for the reception of low-temperature liquids, comprising an outer bearing structure and an inner shell made of membranes at a distance from the outer bearing structure.
  • the inner shell has a geometry and design which enables it to transfer, mainly in the form of tensile stress, all forces which are due to the contents of the tank, to the points at which it is supported by the support structure provided in the said space, which transfer all compressive forces to the outer bearing structure, said support structures being adapted to the units in the inner shell such that thermal contraction may occur freely on geometrical change, and that the thermal insulation filling the remaining space between the inner shell and the load- bearing outer structure has no load-bearing capacity.
  • the tank wall enclosing the liquid will be capable of taking lateral load from the liquid and of transferring this load to the bearing outer structure, the forces being transferred through the membrane-confining support structures.
  • the tank will consist of a plurality of membranes where the membrane forces will be relatively small .
  • the insulation will not transfer any forces worth mentioning from the inner shell to the bearing outer structure.
  • the thermal insulation material can comprise a plurality of blocks of thermally insulating material lying in the plane of the wall, each of which being connected to one of the said support structures. It is especially advantageous if the said blocks can be placed very close to one another.
  • Each individual block of thermally insulating material may very advantageously be a component of a tank wall unit which, in the tank wall from within and out, comprises a membrane and a support structure connected thereto. This gives an especially advantageous possibility of constructing the tank by means of units of varying sizes.
  • the bearing support structure may in this connection be divided in the plane of the wall by the intermediate flat structure, which will then represent a secondary barrier.
  • the bearing support structure may enclose the insulation material in a tank wall unit, or it may penetrate the insulation material in a tank wall unit.
  • the said respective membranes may be reciprocally spaced apart in the plane of the wall, in that wall surface filling membranes are inserted therebetween.
  • An inserted, filling membrane of this kind may to advantage have a folded edge between two adjacent support structures in an outward direction of the tank, thereby providing channels.
  • attachment means for retaining and securing against floating.
  • a thermally insulated tank according to the invention is especially well-suited for use on board a ship where, when this is the case, the bearing outer structure may well be a part of the hull of the ship.
  • the invention also relates, as mentioned, to a modular wall unit for use in the construction of a thermally insulated tank, especially suitable for the reception of low-temperature liquids, and such a modular wall unit according to the invention is to advantage characterised in that it comprises a hollow support structure having a first and second end and a closed periphery, a membrane borne by the support structure at the first end, and a block of thermally insulating material, borne by the support structure, between said first and second end.
  • the support structure may, in an advantageous embodiment, enclose the block like a frame. In a second advantageous embodiment, the support structure may extend through the block.
  • the support structure may be divided parallel to the membrane and between the membrane and the block, a flat structure lying between the parts of the support structure which in form is similar to the block.
  • This flat structure will be capable of being used as a secondary barrier.
  • the block has an approximately right-angled rectangular form, as this facilitates the assembly of the blocks in the tank wall.
  • the frames have side edges bowed or curved in the wall plane. Normal or strictly right- angled rectangular frames will, when assembled, form a right- angled pattern. Upon cooling the pattern structure will shrink, and there is the risk of cracking. If the sides in the frames are curved and the corners secured, the sides will straighten out upon cooling. It is of advantage if means for securing the modular wall unit to a strength bearing structure, for example, a part of the hull are provided at said second end of the support structure.
  • the support structure is essentially filled with thermally insulating material between the membrane and the flat structure.
  • Fig. 1 shows a section of the hull of a ship with a cut-through membrane tank according to the invention
  • Fig. 2 shows modular wall units assembled in the wall plane
  • Fig. 3 is a section through the assembled modular wall units in Figs. 1 and 2
  • Fig. 4 shows a right-angled structure pattern, in contrast to
  • Fig. 5 which illustrates a structure pattern with curved frame sides
  • Fig. 6 is a section of a tank wall, having a modified membrane wall embodiment
  • Fig. 7 illustrates the special membrane wall in Fig. 6 in a construction phase
  • Figs. 8-16 illustrate different steps during the manufacture of a modular wall unit as shown in
  • Fig. 17 illustrates a modular wall unit
  • Fig. 18 illustrates a filling thermally insulating member for use in the wall in Figs. 6 and 7
  • Fig. 19 shows a piece of membrane for use as a filling member in the wall embodiment in Figs. 6 and 7;
  • Fig. 20 is a purely schematic illustration of how channels may be provided in the tank wall and used for the detection of leakages;
  • Fig. 21 is a section of the hull of a ship having a cut- through membrane tank according to the invention;
  • Fig. 22 is an enlarged section of the tank wall including a unit according to the invention
  • Fig. 23 shows a partially cut through unit which is used in the embodiment in Fig. 21
  • Fig. 24 is a perspective outline of an attachment means.
  • Fig. 1 illustrates a section of a membrane tank 1 in the hull 2 of a ship.
  • the membrane tank is built up of a plurality of membranes 3 which are confined by and supported by respective support structures 4 against a bearing outer structure 5, which is a part of the hull 2.
  • the membrane-confining support structures 4 are of a thermally insulating material .
  • thermally insulating material 6 is provided between the inner shell in the tank, which is formed by the membranes 3.
  • a secondary barrier is indicated by means of reference numeral 7.
  • the tank embodiment schematically illustrated in Fig. 1 may, for example, be built up by means of wall unit modules 8 of the type illustrated in Figs. 2 and 3.
  • Each of these modules has an approximately right-angled rectangular form and comprises, from within and out, a correspondingly rectangular membrane 9, a support structure 10 rectangular in form, and a block 11 of a thermally insulating material.
  • Each individual frame is to advantage made with bowed or curved sides, as is indicated in Fig. 1.
  • the purpose thereof will be seen from a study of Figs. 4 and 5.
  • Fig. 4 normal rectangular frames are conceived assembled and a structure pattern with straight lines in a right-angled pattern emerges. Upon cooling the structure will shrink, and there is a risk of cracking.
  • Fig. 5 By bending the frame sides and securing the corners, as outlined in Fig. 5, sides which straighten out upon cooling are obtained.
  • the insulation in the support structure outside the secondary barrier 12, may optionally extend right up to the flat structure or secondary barrier.
  • less stringent requirements are made for the secondary barrier than the primary barrier, because the membrane forces will be totally different in the two flat structures.
  • the flat structure/secondary barrier will be made of a 1 mm thick GRP membrane, whereas the primary barrier or membrane 9 will be made in the form of a 10 mm thick GRP membrane (GRP - Glassfibre-Reinforced Plastic) .
  • GRP Glassfibre-Reinforced Plastic
  • the modular units are joined together structurally in that the membranes 9 and the flat structures 12 are joined and insulation is pressed together (and possibly bonded) at the end surfaces, such that the insulation is also made continuous.
  • FIG. 6 shows a section of an inner tank wall or an inner shell formed by membranes in a different embodiment than the one shown in Figs. 2 and 3.
  • Fig. 7 shows a tank wall of this kind during construction, before the filling membrane pieces 15 are inserted between the, in this case circular, membranes 26, confined by support structures.
  • This type of tank wall is built up of modular units 17 which are assembled in the wall plane. These modular wall units are constructed in a special way, which shall now be described in more detail with reference to Figs. 8 - 17.
  • a casting box 18 (Fig. 8) is provided having a bottom wherein a circular slot 19 has been removed.
  • the box may have a length and breadth of 1 metre, and the slot may be 3 cm in depth.
  • a tubular member 20 (Fig. 9) , which will form a hollow support structure in the modular wall unit.
  • the casting box and tubular support are shown cast, i.e., a foaming of thermally insulating foam material has been carried out in the box 18 (also inside the tubular support 20) .
  • Attachment members 21 are mounted on the tubular support 20. The purpose of these will be described in more detail below.
  • the thus cast unit is removed from the mould (the box) and turned, as shown in Fig. 11.
  • the unit now exists in the form of a cast block 22 of thermally insulating material, penetrated by the tubular support 20.
  • Fig. 12 the unit illustrated is the same as that shown in Fig. 11.
  • a flat structure 23 (in Fig. 13) is placed on the unit. This flat structure will form a subsequent secondary barrier in the tank and is bonded to the tubular support 20. Between the block 22 and the flat structure 23, there is a space of 3 cm in the given dimensional example.
  • FIG. 14 An additional tubular member 24 with insulation 25 cast therein (Fig. 14) is provided with a membrane 26 (Fig. 15) , which is bonded to the tubular member 24.
  • This additional tubular member 24 with appurtenant membrane 26 is placed upon and bonded to the unit shown in Fig. 13, as is illustrated in Fig. 16.
  • the thus produced modular wall unit 17 is shown in a greater scale in Fig. 17. These units are assembled as shown in Fig. 7, for the formation of panels of varying sizes, respectively for the formation/construction of a thermally insulated tank having an inner shell as shown in Fig. 6.
  • the membranes 26 discussed in connection with Figs. 8 - 16 correspond to the membranes 26 in Fig. 6.
  • the modular wall units 17 are assembled as illustrated in Fig. 7, the insulation blocks 22 being assembled and bonded.
  • the flat structures 23 are also bonded together so that a continuous flat structure is formed, which will function as a secondary barrier in the tank.
  • Filling insulation blocks 27 are placed (see also Fig. 18) between the tubular connecting pieces 24, upwardly directed in Fig. 7 and inwardly directed in the tank. These blocks are also bonded in place.
  • Filling membrane pieces 15 are placed between the membranes 26, and are joined to the membranes 26, whereby a continuous inner shell in the tank is formed.
  • a filling membrane piece 15 of this kind is shown in perspective view in Fig. 19.
  • a membrane piece of this kind 15 has two folded edges 16 running opposite to and parallel to one another. The height of the edge in the dimensional example is equal to the height of the part of the tubular support 24 which projects up from or out relative to the insulation blocks 27. These folded edges 16 will extend between adjacent tubular supports 24, as is shown in Fig. 20, where only the folded edges 16 of the membrane pieces 15 and not the membrane pieces themselves are shown.
  • the folded edges 16 will form channels 16, as indicated by means of arrows and the broken line, between the insulation and the inner membrane shell in the tank. Channels are thus formed through which, for example, nitrogen may be flushed, thereby detecting in a known way per se any leakage. If in : the dimensional example the tubular connecting piece 24 has an axial dimension of 20 cm and the filling insulation block 27 in Fig. 18 has a thickness of 15 cm, the channels that are formed will have a height of 5 cm, which is then also the height dimension of the folded edge 16.
  • the membrane tank 31 in the hull 32 of a ship, shown in section in Fig. 21, is built up of units 33 secured to the inner skin 34 of the ship.
  • the units are of the type that are shown in Fig. 23.
  • the unit 33 is built up around a central cylindrical structure 37.
  • This cylinder is made of an insulating material which at the same time has the necessary mechanical strength to transfer the loads from the membranes 39 and 40 to the inner
  • insulation 38 made of a suitable material, for example, polyurethane foam.
  • the insulation block 38 is attached to the cylinder 37 with an adhesive or in another way.
  • liquid-impermeable secondary barrier 41 of a suitable material, for example, glassfibre reinforced polyester. This barrier is continuous through the cylinder 37, which thus must be produced in two halves which are joined together by means of bonding/casting above the secondary barrier 41.
  • the secondary barriers in the different units are cast together after the units have been mounted onto the inner skin.
  • the secondary barrier in each individual unit is larger than the outer measurements of the unit.
  • a second layer of insulation 42 On the liquid side of the secondary barrier there is a second layer of insulation 42. It is composed of two blocks for each unit.
  • One [block] 43 is inside the cylinder and is attached thereto. This is lower in height than the cylinder, and permits the necessary curve of the primary liquid barrier 40.
  • the space 45 between the insulation 43 and the primary barrier 40 is in connection with corresponding space 46 outside the cylinder in that there are small holes 44 in the cylinder.
  • the second insulation block 47 fills the space between the cylinders after the units have been assembled. It is thus not a part of the prefabricated unit.
  • the height of the block 47 is less than that of the cylinder 37, so that it permits the necessary curve of the primary barrier 39 and thus also a space 46 between the insulation and the primary barrier.
  • All spaces 45 and 46 communicate with one another via the holes 44.
  • This can be used to monitor leakages through the primary barrier in that a gas can be flushed on the inside of the barrier. Detection of liquid from the tank, and optionally an added tracer, in this gas is tantamount to a leakage in the primary barrier.
  • the primary liquid barrier consists of two parts, both double- curved.
  • One part 40 is attached to the cylinder 37 and forms a part of the prefabricated unit.
  • the other part 39 has a geometry which means that it, together with part 40, constitutes a continuous structure.
  • a prefabricated unit consisting of a cylinder 37, four mounts 35, a second insulation layer 38, a secondary barrier 41, a central part of the first insulation layer 43 and a primary barrier 40, is attached to the inner skin (cf. Fig. 22) .
  • the insulation layers 38 in the individual units can be joined together by means of bonding or similar.
  • the secondary barriers 41 are cast together in the overlapping fold.
  • the filling block of the first insulation layer 47 is installed between the units, attached optionally to the neighbouring blocks and the adjacent cylinders.
  • the filler part 39 which is prefabricated by the primary barrier, is attached to the previously installed part 40 by an overlapping casting.
  • the units are adapted by means of a bevelling of the insulation at the ends 48.
  • the installation is carried out in the same way.
  • the primary barrier 39 between the cylinders will have to be adjusted individually, for example, by casting on site.
  • the tank 31 is as mentioned built up of units 33 attached to the inner skin 34 of the ship.
  • the size of the unit will be determined by practical considerations, for example, that it must be capable of being carried by one person. A typical size will be l m x l m x 0.4 m.
  • the attachment mechanism consists of a member 50 attached to the inner skin 34. Each member is equipped with a mount which is adapted to the mount and attachment mechanism of the attached units. The mount is found in a male (35a) and female (35b) form. Each member has two male and two female mounts. The female and optionally male mounts are of a length that allows them to extend beyond the edge of the unit 36 and are accessible when the unit is mounted.
  • the attachment mechanism will lock the units to one another and to the inner skin (cf. Figs. 22 and 24) .
  • the liquid barrier is composed of double-curved surfaces, a significant portion of which is constituted by spherical calottes.
  • a surface of this kind is well suited for attenuating the wave energy which occurs in a tank in motion, e.g., a tank aboard a ship.
  • the projecting parts of the barrier will brake any liquid movement parallel to the wall and gas pockets which are caught in the hollow spaces will also attenuate pressure thrust which occurs when a wave hits a wall perpendicularly.
  • the tank consists of a wall which takes lateral forces without the occurrence of any significant bending stress. This is achieved in that the wall is concavely double-curved, as close to a spherical calotte as possible where it is not mounted.
  • a geometry of this kind gives a pure tension pattern and is advantageous with a view to the development of cracks.
  • the wall is mounted at many points and has a geometry which means that these points are not rigidly connected to one another via the wall. This means that less stringent requirements can be made with regard to the supporting structure being plane, and that there occur negligible tensions in the wall if the supporting structure bends. Both these facts mean that the invention is highly suited for installation on board a ship.
  • a tank wall construction is made possible by means of the invention where the tank wall is capable of taking lateral load.
  • the inner shell is formed such that in essence membrane tension occurs, and it is supported by a structure which is made of a material of the necessary strength and sufficient thermal insulation properties. Necessary insulation in the tank wall is attached to this bearing structure or support structure (the insulation does not take any load) .
  • the invention makes it possible to produce tanks having the properties that are desirable with regard to geometry, form, strength, insulation, secondary barrier, leakage detection, etc, and a number of problems are obviated/reduced by virtue of the fact that the tank can be built without any sharp corners, i.e., it will be less subject to so-called sloshing.
  • the support or bearing structure is not continuous, but in the form of a finely meshed network of support structures, and the tank wall is formed of curved surfaces, i.e., surfaces which are less vulnerable to contraction forces at low temperatures.
  • the attachment members are used to secure the units to the outer structure so as to prevent floating should liquid come in between the modular units and the outer structure.
  • the invention is not limited to the storage and transport of low-temperature liquids. For instance, it could also be used in the case of chemically reactive liquids.
  • the invention differs from existing structural solutions on several major points.
  • the tank may alternatively be constructed as a continuous structure at the site of installation.
  • the liquid-impermeable barrier or barriers is/are formed so as to be well-suited for construction in a laminated, non-metallic material. This results in simplified production and installation methods and generally reduced costs. If special conditions, e.g., the chemical properties of the liquid, so require, the barrier or barriers may, however, be made of metallic materials.
  • the invention is based on or built up around a single unit it is simple to adapt random geometries and total dimensions, which is an advantage.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Abstract

Réservoir à isolation thermique destiné notamment à contenir des liquides à basse température, et doté d'une structure porteuse externe (5), d'une enveloppe interne constituée d'unités à double courbure (3; 9; 26, 15) soumises aux efforts de membranes et situées à une certaine distance de la structure porteuse externe, de plusieurs structures de maintien (4; 10; 20, 21; 37) intercalées entre les unités et la structure porteuse externe, et d'une matière d'isolation thermique (6; 11; 22, 25, 27) placée dans le volume compris entre l'enveloppe interne et la structure porteuse externe. La géométrie et la configuration de l'enveloppe interne lui permettent de transférer, essentiellement sous forme d'efforts de traction, tous les efforts dus au contenu du réservoir à ses points d'appui sur les structures de maintien (4; 10; 20, 24; 37) prévues dans ledit volume, lesquelles transfèrent tous les efforts de compression à la structure porteuse externe (5), lesdites structures de maintien étant adaptées aux unités (3; 9; 26, 15) présentes dans l'enveloppe interne, pour que le retrait thermique puisse se produire librement lors de variations géométriques et pour que la matière d'isolation thermique (6; 11; 22, 25, 27) remplissant le volume restant entre l'enveloppe interne et la structure porteuse externe n'ait aucune capacité de résistance aux charges. Les structures de maintien (4; 10; 20, 24; 37) sont avantageusement en matière d'isolation thermique.
PCT/NO1995/000051 1994-03-28 1995-03-08 Reservoir a isolation thermique et element modulaire de paroi pour la construction d'un reservoir a isolation thermique Ceased WO1995026482A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU21506/95A AU2150695A (en) 1994-03-28 1995-03-08 Thermic insulated tank and a wall module element for use in construction of a thermic insulated tank

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NO941136A NO178554C (no) 1994-03-28 1994-03-28 Termisk isolert tank og veggmodul-element til bruk ved oppbygging av tanken
NO941136 1994-03-28

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1995026482A1 true WO1995026482A1 (fr) 1995-10-05

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PCT/NO1995/000051 Ceased WO1995026482A1 (fr) 1994-03-28 1995-03-08 Reservoir a isolation thermique et element modulaire de paroi pour la construction d'un reservoir a isolation thermique

Country Status (3)

Country Link
AU (1) AU2150695A (fr)
NO (1) NO178554C (fr)
WO (1) WO1995026482A1 (fr)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102006016796A1 (de) * 2006-04-10 2007-10-11 Warnow Design Gmbh Verbundpaneelsystem für den Bau von Behältern für tiefkalte Medien
US7311054B2 (en) 2004-01-09 2007-12-25 Conocophillips Company High volume liquid containment system for ships
US7469651B2 (en) 2004-07-02 2008-12-30 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Lng sloshing impact reduction system
US7837055B2 (en) 2004-05-20 2010-11-23 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company LNG containment system and method of assembling LNG containment system
WO2010028240A3 (fr) * 2008-09-08 2011-01-13 Conocophillips Company Système de confinement de liquide bombé pour les bateaux
CN107380780A (zh) * 2017-08-31 2017-11-24 中国成达工程有限公司 一种双层夹套高温熔盐储罐

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2016442A1 (de) * 1969-05-29 1970-12-03 Chicago Bridge & Iron Company, Oak Brook, 111. (V.St.A.) Tank zum Speichern von Flüssigkeiten bei tiefen Temperaturen
FR2068995A5 (fr) * 1969-11-29 1971-09-03 Bridgestone Liquefied Gas Co
DE2046327A1 (en) * 1970-09-19 1972-05-25 Hitachi Shipbuilding & Engineering Co Ltd, Osaka (Japan) Tank insulation - for low temp with bolt attachment fixed to tank wall by adhesive
GB1300730A (en) * 1968-03-01 1972-12-20 Conch Int Methane Ltd Improvement in containers for liquefied gases
GB1442399A (en) * 1973-05-18 1976-07-14 Marine Ind Developments Ltd Containers for storing substances at sub-zero temperatures
DE2708097A1 (de) * 1976-09-27 1978-04-06 Astilleros Talleres Noroeste Membrantankbehaelter

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1300730A (en) * 1968-03-01 1972-12-20 Conch Int Methane Ltd Improvement in containers for liquefied gases
DE2016442A1 (de) * 1969-05-29 1970-12-03 Chicago Bridge & Iron Company, Oak Brook, 111. (V.St.A.) Tank zum Speichern von Flüssigkeiten bei tiefen Temperaturen
FR2068995A5 (fr) * 1969-11-29 1971-09-03 Bridgestone Liquefied Gas Co
DE2046327A1 (en) * 1970-09-19 1972-05-25 Hitachi Shipbuilding & Engineering Co Ltd, Osaka (Japan) Tank insulation - for low temp with bolt attachment fixed to tank wall by adhesive
GB1442399A (en) * 1973-05-18 1976-07-14 Marine Ind Developments Ltd Containers for storing substances at sub-zero temperatures
DE2708097A1 (de) * 1976-09-27 1978-04-06 Astilleros Talleres Noroeste Membrantankbehaelter

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7311054B2 (en) 2004-01-09 2007-12-25 Conocophillips Company High volume liquid containment system for ships
US7837055B2 (en) 2004-05-20 2010-11-23 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company LNG containment system and method of assembling LNG containment system
US8387334B2 (en) 2004-05-20 2013-03-05 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company LNG containment system and method of assembling LNG containment system
US7469651B2 (en) 2004-07-02 2008-12-30 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Lng sloshing impact reduction system
DE102006016796A1 (de) * 2006-04-10 2007-10-11 Warnow Design Gmbh Verbundpaneelsystem für den Bau von Behältern für tiefkalte Medien
DE102006016796B4 (de) * 2006-04-10 2008-03-27 Warnow Design Gmbh Verbundpaneelsystem für den Bau von Behältern für tiefkalte Medien
WO2010028240A3 (fr) * 2008-09-08 2011-01-13 Conocophillips Company Système de confinement de liquide bombé pour les bateaux
CN107380780A (zh) * 2017-08-31 2017-11-24 中国成达工程有限公司 一种双层夹套高温熔盐储罐

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO941136D0 (no) 1994-03-28
NO178554B (no) 1996-01-08
NO178554C (no) 1996-04-17
AU2150695A (en) 1995-10-17
NO941136L (no) 1995-09-29

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