WO1995019256A1

WO1995019256A1 - Oxygen-curable coating composition

Info

Publication number: WO1995019256A1
Application number: PCT/US1994/014514
Authority: WO
Inventors: Stephen E. Cantor; Leon Levine
Original assignee: Dymax Corp
Current assignee: Dymax Corp
Priority date: 1994-01-12
Filing date: 1994-12-15
Publication date: 1995-07-20
Anticipated expiration: 1996-07-12
Also published as: AU1403095A

Abstract

An acrylate composition, especially useful for producing conformal coatings on circuit board assemblies, includes a photo-initiator and an air-curing system, the latter being comprised of a compound having multiple allyloxy groups in its molecule and a transition metal salt catalyst. The composition is highly stable against auto-induced reaction in the absence of oxygen and at room temperature; it contains no active oxygen catalyst and no nonreactive diluent, and is advantageously formulated as a one-part product.

Description

OXYGEN-CURABLE COATING COMPOSITION Conformal coatings are commonly applied to printed cir¬ cuit boards and electronic components to provide protection against chemical attack, moisture, air-borne contaminants, and the like, as well as against mechanical shock and vibration encountered in shipping and use.

First-generation conformal coatings, based upon acrylic, epoxy, silicone, and polyurethane chemistries, are often found disadvantageous from any of several standpoints; for example, application may be difficult, pot-life or processing speed may be inadequate, curing may require stringent or extreme conditions, they are typically solvent based and reaction may be accompanied by off-gassing of volatile organic compounds, etc. The commercialization of conformal coatings that cure by actinic radiation (normally, ultraviolet light) has obviated many of the foregoing disadvantages. Such products are usually solventless, one- part systems that cure rapidly to a tack-free surface and that afford superior adhesion and good chemical, moisture and abrasion resistance. As conventionally formulated, however, polymerization of photoinitiated compositions occurs only in those regions that have been subjected to the activating radiation, with second¬ ary cure mechanisms being required to effect polymerization in unirradiated "shadow" areas. One secondary cure mechanism commonly utilized relies upon the addition of a heat- activated peroxide to the formulation; temperatures in excess of 100° Centigrade are however normally required to initiate peroxide-induced polymerizations, thus precluding use where, for example, heat-sensitive electronic components are involved. Solvent-based and two-part shadow-cure products have been proposed, but the former are of course inherently undesirable and the latter require mixing and afford only a limited pot-life; moisture-reactive free isocyanates have been used to provide shadow-cure properties as well, but health and environmental concerns have limited their acceptance. Finally there is a class of products available that employ an oxygen-sensitive monomer and a metal drier to generate a peroxide in situ , for initiation of the secondary reaction. Such available products are however relatively slow to react, typically requiring many days to fully cure as, for example, a three-mil coating, and virtually precluding use in thickness of ten mils or more, as a practical matter. In general, moreover, the dual-curing products provided heretofore have tended to produce substantially different cross-link densities from area to area, depending upon the conditions of initiation and curing; also, the rate of reaction in unexposed regions will normally vary in substantially direct proportion to thickness of the deposit (as would be expected) .

United States patent No. 2,414,089, to Bruson, provides allylic ester compounds suitable for use as coating materials in combination with metallic driers.

VanEenam United States patent No. 4,346,027 describes a composition that confers an enhanced balance of wet and dry strength properties to a cellulose substrate; the composition includes a polyether-ene polymer and a transition metal drier salt. The patent is not concerned with acrylic monomer-based photoinitiated coating compositions.

United States patent No. 4,451,523, to Nativi et al, dis¬ closes a one-component, UV-curable acrylate conformal coating system in which a (meth)acrylate reactive diluent having at least one allylic reactive bond, and a metal drier, provide a secondary cure mechanism.

The manufacturer's product bulletin for SANTOLINK XI-100 describes a polyunsatura ed aliphatic liquid oligoraer containing 20 allyloxy hydrogens in the molecule, and describes transition metal-catalyzed reactions of formulations containing the same, and applications therefor; solvent, heat, or a peroxide catalyst is relied upon to effect curing. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION ' It is a broad object of the present invention to provide a novel liquid composition that is capable of photoinitiation (normally by UV light) , and of rapid curing in air and at room temperature, to produce an adherent solid coating that has outstanding physical and chemical properties.

Related objects of the invention are to provide a novel article of manufacture comprised of a substrate having such a coating thereon, and to provide a novel method for the production of such an article.

More specific objects are to provide a composition having the foregoing features and advantages, which composition attains a substantially uniform cross-link density irrespective of whether or not it is subjected to radiation, exhibits a cure rate that is quite independent of film thickness, is free from inert solvents, contains minimal levels of volatile organic compounds, is nontoxic, and can be formulated as a single part to remain stable against auto-induced reaction for an extended period of time. Other specific objects are to provide a novel article comprised of a circuit board assembly having a conformal coating thereon that is at least two mils thick, and a novel method for the productio thereof.

It has now been found that certain of the foregoing and related objects of the invention are attained by the provision of a composition comprising, on a weight basis, 15 to 60 parts of a free-radical reactive (meth)acrylate monomer; 5 to 25 parts of an air-curing polyether-ene polymer containing at least three activated double bonds in the molecule; a catalytic amount of a photoinitiator, and a catalytic amount of a dissolved transition metal ion. The composition is free from added active oxygen catalytic compounds and from inert solvents, and it may optionally contain 5 to 40 parts of a reactive oligomer.

In preferred embodiments the polyether-ene polymer will be an allyloxy compound, especially one containing at least ten allyloxy groups in the molecule; most desirably, the composition will comprise 10 to 20 parts of such an allyloxy compound. The transition metal will normally be selected from the group consisting of cobalt, manganese, vanadium, and cerium, and the composition will advantageously be formulated as a single part, remaining substantially stable (in the absence of oxygen) against auto-induced reaction. The composition may further include 1 to 10 parts of a reactive diluent selected from the class consisting of vinyl ethers, epoxides, and vinyl amides, and will desirably include 1 to 10 parts of acrylic acid. In those instances in which the composition includes a reactive epoxide and/or a vinyl ether ingredient, as well as an acrylate monomer, a cationic initiator (active or latent) may be incorporated to enable curing to be effected by that mechanism as well.

Other objects of the invention are attained by the provision of an article of manufacture comprising a substrate and a cured coating thereon. The coating is produced from the composition hereinabove described, and is at least two mils in thickness. Most advantageously, the substrate will be a circuit board assembly.

Additional objects are attained by the provision of a method for producing such an article of manufacture, wherein a coating composition, as hereinabove described, is deposited upon a substrate and curing of the composition is effected, normally and preferably at room temperature, following exposure of the coated substrate to radiation to activate the photoinitiator. The method will preferably be employed to produce a conformal coating that is at least about two mils in thickness. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Exemplary of the efficacy of the present invention are the following specific examples, wherein amounts expressed are in parts by weight, unless indicated otherwise, and wherein all reactions are effected at room temperature. The IRGACURE prod- ucts referred to are commercially available from Ciba-Geigy Chemical Corporation and are defined below; cobalt octoate is employed as an eight percent solution throughout; and SANTOLINK XI-100 is commercially available from Monsanto Chemical Company and is a polyallyloxy polyol containing twenty allyloxy hydrogens in its molecule, and having the structural formula:

^HOf 0°} 5^"CH2^CH2^{" 0}0 t 5 ⁾

//

EXAMPLE ONE A formulation is prepared by mixing the following ingredi¬ ents in the amounts set forth in parenthesis: tetrahydrofurfura acrylate (10) , isobornyl acrylate(36) , aliphatic polyester urethane oligomer of about 200 molecular weight(26) , acrylic acid(5), SANTOLINK XI-100(13), triethylene glycol divinyl ether(5), IRGACURE 184(4), and cobalt octoate(0.3) . The formulation is coated upon the surface of an FR-4 circuit board substrate as a two-mil layer, and a portion of its surface is shaded by a metal tent. Following exposure of the coated board to UV light, the irradiated areas cure quickly to a smooth, dry- to-the touch coating; the areas in the shadow remain wet. After about 24 hours at room temperature and exposed to air, the unirradiated area gels and skins over; it becomes very dry and fully cured after about 48 hours under the same conditions.

EXAMPLE TWO Three formulations. A, B, and C, embodying the present invention are prepared by admixing the ingredients set forth in the following table, in the amounts specified; the acrylate olig omer referred to is a polyethylene glycol polyurethane of about 2000 molecular weight, the free isocyanate groups of which are end-capped with 2-hydroxyethyl(meth)acrylate: TABLE ONE Formulation Designation Ingredient A B octyl/decyl mixed acrylate 12.30 26.56 isobornyl acrylate 15.48 7.21 39.34 acrylate oligomer 36.00 31.60 34.10 triphenyl phosphate 8.04 11.24 acrylic acid 2.88 3.01 3.70 IRGACURE 184 2.28 1.38 2.31 IRGACURE 651 2.88 1.38 2.90

SANTOLINK XI-100 14.96 13.00 12.50 cobalt octoate 0.30 0.20 0.33 triethylene glycol divinyl ether 4.86 4.00 4.80

Each formulation is applied as a uniform layer to the surface of an FR-4 substrate. Except under a central area that is blocked by a metal tent, the boards are exposed for 30 seconds to 365 nm ultraviolet radiation from a lamp rated at 250 milliwatts/cm², to effect curing. The exposed area of each sample cures rapidly to a tough, non-tacky coating, while the material in the shadow area remains wet. In all instances, however, maintaining the sample in air produces a dry coating of good quality within a period of approximately 72 hours.

In the fully cured condition, formulation A exhibits a Durometer "A" value of 78, a tensile strength at break of 430 psi, an elongation at break of 45 percent, and a water absorption of 2 percent; formulation C exhibits a Durometer "D" of 80, a tensile strength at break of 339 psi, an elongation at break of 7 percent, and a water absorption of 2 percent; no comparable evaluation of the formulation B product is made.

Pencil hardness tests (ASTM Method D 3363-74) are also carried out in connection with formulations A and C, in both the UV-irradiated and also the shadow areas of the coated boards (the air-cured, non-irradiated areas are given a three- to four-day precure, so that meaningful data can be obtained) . After two

, days, all areas (shaded and irradiated) of the boards coated with both formulations exhibit a pencil hardness value of "HB"; after 5 six days, the UV and air-cured areas of the formulation A coating exhibit values of "B" and "F", respectively, whereas the corresponding areas of the formulation C coatings exhibit values of "F" and "H", respectively.

As will be appreciated, it is very surprising to obtain

10 pencil hardness values that are substantially the same irre¬ spective of whether curing occurs by actinic radiation initiation or only by mere exposure to air; these data indicate that the cross-link densities do not vary significantly. Rub tests, effected using a piece of cheesecloth saturated with methyl ethyl

15 ketone and carried on the end of a ball-peen hammer, further indicate the existence of similar cross-link densities as well as good solvent resistance.

Another very surprising property exhibited by formulations embodying the invention resides in the absence of a direct

20 relationship between the rate of curing and the thickness of the deposit; i.e. the cure rate is much more constant than could have been predicted. This is a highly beneficial characteristic, especially from the standpoint of facilitating control upon manufacturing operations in which the thickness of the deposit

25 produced may (or will necessarily) vary; the property is illustrated by the following:

Deposits of formulations A and C are produced in thick¬ nesses of 2, 3, 5, 7 and 9 mils. Air curing of the three thin¬ nest coatings occurs in a period of about 72 to 80 hours; curing

30 of the 7- and 9-mil coatings occurs in periods of 72 to 85 and 75 to 85 hours, respectively. The phenomenon is found to persist, r moreover, in deposits of much greater thickness. Using formulation C, 20-, 50- and 100-mil films are produced and are allowed to remain exposed to air until they become hard and

35 tough. That result is achieved in the 20- and 50-mil films in a period of about 96 hours, and in the 100-mil film in about 128 hours. It should be noted that conformal coatings are desirably produced in a minimum thickness of five mils (plus or minus two mils) , with no upper limit. COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE ONE

A formulation comparable to formulation C of the foregoing Example is prepared and tested as described therein, but about 4 parts of a diallyl ether is used in place of the allyloxy polyol. The area exposed to UV radiation cures rapidly to a tough, non- tacky coating. In the unexposed area the material remains wet for a period of more than one month, after which the test is discontinued.

COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE TWO Part A A product commercially available under the trade designation

Loctite 378 is applied to the surface of an FR-4 board, and is found to require in excess of ten days for achieving cure in air; the material also has a strong odor. In addition, the rate of air cure of the material is found to be dependent to a high degree upon the thickness of the deposit; indeed, curing occurs even more slowly at increased thicknesses than would be predicted based upon an assumption that the rate would vary in direct proportion to thickness. The product is believed to contain the following ingredients, in the percentages set forth in parentheses: dicyclopentenyloxyethyl methacrylate (45-50) , acrylated epoxy (30-35) , acrylate ester (5-10) , acrylic acid (5- 10) , photoinitiator (3-5) , substituted silane (1-3) and cobalt naphthenate (0.1-1) .

The addition of 15 to 20 parts of SANTOLINK XI-100 to the Loctite 378 product increases the rate of UV-cure, but produces films having a "cheesy" character. The formulation exhibits poor stability against reaction in a closed container, and when exposed to air gelling occurs in approximately ten minutes, even when as little as 5 parts of the SANTOLINK product is added; such a material is of course virtually useless, as a practical matter. EXAMPLE THREE A series of formulations embodying the present invention are prepared, and contain the ingredients in the amounts listed in Table Two, which follows: TABLE TWO

Formulation Designation

Ingredient D E F G

UVR-6110 50.0 20.0 35.0 —_ UVI-6974 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 SANTOLINK XI-100 15.0 15.0 7.5 15.0 isobornyl acrylate 30.0 60.0 30.0 25.0 triethylene glycol divinyl ether 22.5 60.0 cobalt octoate 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 The products referred to as UVR-6110 and UVI-6974 are commer¬ cially available from Union Carbide Corporation; the first is a diepoxide, and the second is a mixed aryl sulfonium salt cationic photoinitiator sold under the name CYRACURE.

A portion of each formulation is applied to the surface of an FR-4 board as a three-mil coating, with a second portion being maintained in a 25 ml plastic container fitted with a cardboard top to allow some air flow. The photoinitiator is found to be effective for UV-curing, and not to poison the air-cure mechanism; but only when the formulation contains at least about 20 percent of an acrylate monomer is air curing found to occur at a practical rate (i.e., reaction is complete within a period of three to five days) . Thus, formulations embodying the invention, and containing vinyl ethers or epoxides, air-cure in the presence of cationic initiators as long as a substantial amount of acry- late monomer is included as well.

A key ingredient of the instant composition is of course the air-curing polyether-ene polymer, a full description of which is provided under the heading "THE AIR-CURING POLYMER COMPONENT," set forth in columns 3 through 8 of VanEenam U.S. patent No. 4,347,027, which description is hereby incorporated hereinto by reference thereto. Suffice to say that the air-curing polymers suitable for use as the polyether-ene polymer ingredient has a backbone comprising at least one segment having the formula:

wherein A is a moiety terminating in the residue of an active hydrogen-containing group selected from the group consisting of alcoholic hydroxyl, thiol, amide, carboxylic acid and secondary amine with an active hydrogen removed, E is a moiety containing a radical having an activated olefinic unsaturation, either α,β or β,γ to the activating group, n is the number of adjacent (as the term is hereinafter defined) segments having this formula, and n and m are integers and are each at least 1, provided that where one is less than 4 the other is at least 4.

The polyether-eries can have a plurality of adjacent segments of the above formula, by which term "adjacent" is meant that they are directly connected through a carbon-carbon bond or are in¬ directly connected through a

group or an oxygen or sulfur atom.

As pointed out in the VanEenam patent, the effectiveness of the polyether-enes depends to a large extent on the provision of a plurality of activated double bonds in blocks which are spatially closely related. These double bonds are sites at which oxygen- initiated crosslinking takes place during the drying or accelerated or natural ageing operation. Thus, the provision of blocks of activated double bonds, each of which can provide a bond site, increases the potential crosslink density as well as the structural strength of the crosslinks that form inter- and intra-molecularly during drying and/or ageing. In accordance with the instant invention, the polyether-ene molecule will include at least three activated double bonds.

By virtue of their proximity in the polymer molecule to other strongly electron-donating groups, the double bonds are activated; i.e., they are more ready to form crosslinks during the air drying process. Examples of such electron-donating groups include ether, sulfide, hydroxyl, carboxyl, and olefinically unsaturated groups. The preferred electron-donating group is an ether group.

As will be appreciated from the foregoing Examples, the pre¬ ferred air curing polymer is the activated polyunsaturated ali- phatic oligomer sold as SANTOLINK XI-100. It has the structural formula:

thus providing 20 allyloxy hydrogens per molecule.

Reactive acrylate monomers that are suitable for use in the instant formulations include of course both monofunctional and polyfunctional acrylates and methacrylates. They will generally be reaction products of acrylic acid and/or methacrylic acid with one or more mono- or poly-basic, substituted or unsubstituted, alkyl (C. to C.li.-), aryl or aralkyl alcohols. Acrylates in which the alcohol moiety contains a polar substituent (e.g., an hydroxyl, amine, halogen, cyano, heterocyclic or cyclohexyl group) will often be preferred because crosslinking, or other intermolecular bonding, is promoted thereby. Suitable such monomers and prepoly ers are well known in the art, and are in part disclosed for example at line 53, column 6, through line 35, column 7 of Bachmann et al patent No. 4,429,088, and at line 14, column 4 through line 52, column 5 of United States patent No. 4,451,523. Nevertheless, it might be noted that the following acrylates and corresponding methacrylates (the methacrylate compounds being preferred in many instances) are especially suitable for use in the present compositions, alone or in com¬ bination with one another: hydroxyethylacrylate, isobornyl acrylate, tetrahydrofurfuryl acrylate, diethyleneglycol diacrylate, 1,4-butanediol diacrylate, butylene glycol diacrylate, neopentyl glycol diacrylate, octylacrylate and decyl- acrylate (normally in admixture) , polyethyleneglycol diacrylate, trimethylcyclohexyl acrylate, benzyl acrylate, butyleneglycol diacrylate, polybutyleneglycol diacrylate, tripropyleneglycol diacrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, di-trimethylolpropane tetraacrylate, pentaerythritol tetraacrylate, and di- pentaerythritol pentaacrylate. About 1 to 10 weight percent of acrylic acid will beneficially be employed, to increase adhesion.

A free-radical reactive oligomer will normally be included in the composition (alone or, where appropriate, in combination with a cationic-reactive oligomer) , but it should be appreciated that such a product is not necessary to the attainment of the cure properties desired herein. Oligomers suitable for use comprise vinyl polymers, acrylic polymers, polyester elastomers, glycol polymers, acrylated epoxies, natural and synthetic rubbers, polyester acrylates, epoxy acrylates, polyether acry- lates, alkyd acrylates, polyol acrylates, and the like. However, the use of the urethane polymers and prepolymers will often be found most beneficial, with the latter being especially desirable due to the potential that they afford for further reaction of their pendant isocyanate groups with a reactive functionality (e.g., an hydroxyl group) provided by a suitable acrylate mono¬ mer. Diisocyanate-capped polyethers and polyesters, acrylated by reaction with hydroxyethyl acrylate or hydroxyethyl methacrylate and having a molecular weight of about 400 to 6,000, are particularly preferred. Vinyl ether reactive diluents used herein will usually con¬ form to the structural formula:

R'R" (R-C=C-0)_n-Q,

in which formula each of the substituents R, R' and R" indepen¬ dently represents an hydrogen atom, an aliphatic group, or an aromatic group; n is an integer, usually having a value from 1 to 6; and Q represents an aliphatic group, an aromatic group, an alkoxy group, a cycloaliphatic group, an ester group, a polyester group, an ether group, a polyether group, a carbamide group, a carba ate group, an heterocyclic group, or the like, each of such groups optionally being further substituted by an hydroxyl or a vinyl group, or both. Vinyl ether-terminated ester monomers and vinyl ether-terminated aromatic urethane oligomers may find util- ity herein, and it is believed that analogous compounds in which a sulfur atom replaces the oxygen of the ether group(s) may be used as well (alone or in combination) as a diluent ingredient.

Suitable specific vinyl ether compounds include the follow¬ ing: triethylene glycol divinyl ether, 1,4-cyclohexane dimethanol divinyl ether, propenyl ether of propylene carbonate, n-dodecyl vinyl ether, hydroxybutyl vinyl ether, cyclohexyl vinyl ether, and tetrahydrofurfuryl vinyl ether. Exemplary epoxy compounds that may be employed include 3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl- 3,4-epoxy-cyclohexanecarboxylate, bis-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl) adipate, diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A, and epoxidized soybean oil. Among the amide compounds that are believed to be suitable are included divinyl urea and the n-vinyl derivatives of formamide, caprolactam, pyrrolidone, and phthalimide.

Although suitable photoinitiators will be apparent to those skilled in the art, specific illustrative compounds that might be identified are dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone (Ciba-Geigy IRGACURE 651) , 1-hydroxycyclohexylphenyl ketone (Ciba-Geigy IRGACURE 184) , and 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-l-phenylpropane-l-one (Ciba-Geigy DAROCUR 1173) . A further listing may be obtained by reference to United States patent No. 4,820,744, particularly at line 43, column 4 through line 7, column 7. Cationic photoinitiators may also be employed, as indicated by the foregoing Example Three, to provide a further cure mechanism in appropriate circumstances.

Other materials may be incorporated into the instant compositions in addition to the components hereinabove described. For example, "inert" fillers such as wood flour, cornstarch, glass fibers, cotton linters, mica, alumina, silica, and the like, may be used to modify viscosity, improve impact resistance, and for other purposes, and it is conventional to include small percentages of silane coupling agents to increase moisture resis¬ tance as well as to enhance bond strength to glass and similar surfaces. Substances such as dyes, fluorescing agents, flame re- tarders, stabilizers (e.g., the quinones and hydroquinones) , viscosity modifiers (thixotropes, thickeners, viscosity reducers) , plasticizers, antioxidants, and the like, may be incorporated as well. Thus, it can be seen that the present invention provides a novel liquid composition that is capable of photoinitiation and rapid curing in air to produce an adherent solid coating that has outstanding physical and chemical properties. The invention also provides a novel article of manufacture comprised of a substrate having such a coating thereon, and a novel method for the produc¬ tion of such an article. A substantially uniform cross-link den¬ sity can be produced in all cured areas, regardless of whether or not the area is subjected to radiation; the composition exhibits a cure rate that is quite independent of film thickness, it is free from inert solvents, it contains minimal levels of volatile organic solvents, and it can be formulated as a single part to remain stable against auto-induced reaction for an extended period of time. Conformal coatings that are at least two mils or more in thickness can readily be produced, and initial gelling and full cure are achieved in relatively short periods of time.

Claims

THE CLAIMS Having thus described the invention, what is CLAIMED is: 1. A liquid coating composition comprising, on a weight basis, 15 to 60 parts of a free-radical reactive acrylate monomer; 5 to 25 parts of an air-curing polyether-ene polymer containing at least three activated double bonds per molecule; a catalytic amount of photoinitiator; and a catalytic amount of a dissolved transition metal ion, said composition being free from added active oxygen catalytic compounds and from inert solvents.

2. The composition of Claim 1 wherein said polyether-ene polymer is an allyloxy compound.

3. The composition of Claim 2 wherein said allyloxy compound has the structural formula:

^H0 5^"CH2^CH2 ^O"0)5^OH

4. The composition of Claim 1 further including 5 to 40 parts of a reactive oligomer.

5. The composition of Claim 1 wherein said transition metal ion is selected from the group consisting of cobalt, manganese, vanadium, and cerium.

6. The composition of Claim 1 further including 1 to 10 parts of a reactive diluent selected from the class consisting of vinyl ethers, epoxides, and vinyl amides.

7. The composition of Claim 2 wherein said allyloxy compound contains at least ten allyloxy groups in the molecule, and wherein said composition comprises 10 to 20 parts of said allyloxy compound.

8. The composition of Claim 1 formulated as a single part, said composition being substantially stable, in the absence of oxygen, against auto-induced reaction.

9. An article of manufacture comprising a substrate and a cured coating thereon, said coating being produced from a composition comprising, on a weight basis, 15 to 60 parts of a free-radical reactive acrylate monomer; 5 to 25 parts of an air- curing polyether-ene polymer containing at least three activated double bonds per molecule; 5 to 40 parts of a reactive oligomer; a catalytic amount of photoinitiator; and a catalytic amount of a dissolved transition metal ion, said composition being free from added active oxygen catalytic compounds and from inert solvents; said coating being at least two mils in thickness.

10. The article of Claim 9 wherein said polyether-ene poly- mer is an allyloxy compound.

11. The article of Claim 10 wherein said allyloxy compound has the structural formula:

12. The article of Claim 9 wherein said substrate is a cir¬ cuit board assembly.

13. A method for producing an article of manufacture, in¬ cluding the steps: providing a substrate; depositing upon said substrate a coating composition comprising, on a weight basis, 15 to 60 parts of a free-radical reactive acrylate monomer; 5 to 25 parts of an air-curing polyether-ene polymer containing at least three activated double bonds per molecule; a catalytic amount of photoinitiator; and a catalytic amount of a dissolved transition metal ion, said composition being free from added active oxygen catalytic compounds and from inert solvents; and exposing said substrate, as so coated, to radiation for activating said photo- initiator to initiate curing of said deposited composition.

14. The method of Claim 13 wherein said polyether-ene poly¬ mer is an allyloxy compound.

15. The method of Claim 14 wherein said allyloxy compound has the structural formula:

16. The method of Claim 13 wherein curing of said deposited composition is effected at room temperature.

17. The method of Claim 14 wherein said composition further includes 5 to 40 parts of a reactive oligomer.

18. The method of Claim 13 wherein said coating is at least about two mils in thickness, and wherein curing thereof produces a conformal coating on said substrate.

19. The method of Claim 13 wherein said substrate is a cir¬ cuit board assembly.