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WO1995018252A1 - Fibres et produits fibreux produits a partir de plumes - Google Patents

Fibres et produits fibreux produits a partir de plumes Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1995018252A1
WO1995018252A1 PCT/US1994/014246 US9414246W WO9518252A1 WO 1995018252 A1 WO1995018252 A1 WO 1995018252A1 US 9414246 W US9414246 W US 9414246W WO 9518252 A1 WO9518252 A1 WO 9518252A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
feathers
fibers
fiber
ethanol
composition
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US1994/014246
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Walter F. Schmidt
Michael J. Line
George Gassner, Iii
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
US Department of Agriculture USDA
US Department of Health and Human Services
Original Assignee
US Department of Agriculture USDA
US Department of Health and Human Services
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by US Department of Agriculture USDA, US Department of Health and Human Services filed Critical US Department of Agriculture USDA
Priority to AU15130/95A priority Critical patent/AU1513095A/en
Publication of WO1995018252A1 publication Critical patent/WO1995018252A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01B—MECHANICAL TREATMENT OF NATURAL FIBROUS OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL TO OBTAIN FIBRES OF FILAMENTS, e.g. FOR SPINNING
    • D01B3/00—Mechanical removal of impurities from animal fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01B—MECHANICAL TREATMENT OF NATURAL FIBROUS OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL TO OBTAIN FIBRES OF FILAMENTS, e.g. FOR SPINNING
    • D01B9/00—Other mechanical treatment of natural fibrous or filamentary material to obtain fibres or filaments
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01C—CHEMICAL OR BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF NATURAL FILAMENTARY OR FIBROUS MATERIAL TO OBTAIN FILAMENTS OR FIBRES FOR SPINNING; CARBONISING RAGS TO RECOVER ANIMAL FIBRES
    • D01C3/00—Treatment of animal material, e.g. chemical scouring of wool
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06L—DRY-CLEANING, WASHING OR BLEACHING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR MADE-UP FIBROUS GOODS; BLEACHING LEATHER OR FURS
    • D06L4/00—Bleaching fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods; Bleaching leather or furs
    • D06L4/10—Bleaching fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods; Bleaching leather or furs using agents which develop oxygen
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M19/00—Treatment of feathers
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • D21C5/00—Other processes for obtaining cellulose, e.g. cooking cotton linters ; Processes characterised by the choice of cellulose-containing starting materials
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H13/00—Pulp or paper, comprising synthetic cellulose or non-cellulose fibres or web-forming material
    • D21H13/10—Organic non-cellulose fibres
    • D21H13/28—Organic non-cellulose fibres from natural polymers
    • D21H13/34—Protein fibres

Definitions

  • feathers are a waste product for which disposal is difficult.
  • the feathers may be hydrolyzed, then dried and ground to a powder to be used as a feed supplement for a variety of livestock, primarily chickens. It is a fairly expensive process, however, and results in a protein product of low quality for which the demand is low.
  • Other disposal means such as burning or burying are also occasionally utilized, but these methods are considered environmentally unsound and are therefore largely prohibited.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic drawing showing the basic steps of making fibers from feathers and some uses for the fiber and fiber pulp compositions.
  • Feathers can be utilized to make fibers which are an alternative to existing fiber types such as cellulose, silk and organic polymers. A wide variety of products may then be produced by utilizing the fibers either alone or in formulations with other fibers to form the raw material for the manufacture of a variety of end products including, but not limited to, insulation, fabrics and filters.
  • the fibers can be strengthened by the addition of adhesives, binders, sizing agents and otherwise modified by other additives such as dyes, mordants, whiteners or redox reagents.
  • the fibers of the invention are advantageous because of their ready availability and natural abundance. In addition, physical properties of fibers or fiber mixtures are easily varied according to the length or composition of the fibers or fiber mixtures.
  • feather fibers have naturally-occurring nodes approximately 50 microns apart. These nodes are potential cleavage sites for producing fibers of uniform 40-50 ⁇ m lengths.
  • feathers from different species vary in length: poultry feather fibers are approximately 2 cm in length while those derived from exotic birds such as peacocks or ostriches are 4 to 5 cm or longer. Feather fibers are also thinner than other natural fibers resulting in products having a smooth, fine surface.
  • Feathers from any avian species may be utilized since feathers from all avian sources have the characteristics which are necessary for the production of useful fibers.
  • Feathers are made up of many slender, closely arranged parallel barbs forming a vane on either side of a tapering hollow shaft. The barbs have bare barbules which in turn bear barbicels commonly ending in hooked hamuli and interlocking with the barbules of an adjacent barb to link the barbs into a continuous vane.
  • Feather waste consists of insoluble fiber, soluble protein, fat and water.
  • the insoluble fiber portion of the feather consists primarily of the proteins keratin and collagen.
  • feathers treated according to the scheme presented in Fig. 1 are effective for use in the production of fibers useful according to the invention. Feathers from any avian source are useful in the practice of the invention; however, since chickens are the major source of currently available feathers, the invention will be described with respect to chicken feathers.
  • the method comprises five basic steps: a) collecting new feathers; b) washing the feather in an organic solvent, c) repeating the washing step, d) drying the feathers and e) removing fibers from feather shafts.
  • raw feathers are treated to remove oil or fat as well as to sanitize and partially dehydrate the fibers. Washing with agitation is carried out in an organic solvent, preferably a polar organic solvent such as about 95% ethanol, for about one hour, in approximately 1.0 to 1.5 gallons of solvent per pound of feathers. Lower solvent/solid ratios with more efficient agitation may be adjusted as deemed necessary for effective oil removal.
  • a surfactant such as polysorbate 80, may also be included in the wash solution at about 0.5% (v/v) .
  • a second wash step is carried out to remove soluble protein and to further sanitize the feathers. Washing in an ethanol wash (about 70%) or other organic solvent or bactericidal agent (e.g. , a sodium azide solution) and/or mixture, in approximately 1.0 to 1.5 gallons solvent per pound feather waste, for about an hour has been found effective.
  • the feathers are then drained or otherwise separated from the solvent. Any residual solvent is removed by drying, such as in a forced air oven at a temperature range of about 60 to about 120°C for about 6 hours, depending on the efficiency of the oven. Other comparable drying techniques may also be utilized.
  • fibers are removed from the feather shaft using mechanical shredding or shearing.
  • Fiber length, particle size and particle distribution criteria determine which of the proper shredding devices should be used.
  • linters produce long fibers (about 2.5 cm)
  • Waring blenders produce medium length fibers (about 1.5 cm)
  • Wiley mills produce a range of short fiber lengths ( ⁇ 1.5 cm).
  • the use of these devices for the preparation of fibers from other sources is well-known and within the level of ordinary skill in the art. They may be utilized for the preparation of fibers from feathers with little or no modification in known procedures.
  • the feather fibers and shafts may be separated using linters (as described by Temming and Grunert. Temmin ⁇ -Linters: Technical Information on Cotton Cellulose. 1973. Peter Temming AG, Gluckstadt, herein incorporated by reference) or other mechanical separation techniques depending on the ultimate use of the fibers.
  • linters as described by Temming and Grunert. Temmin ⁇ -Linters: Technical Information on Cotton Cellulose. 1973. Peter Temming AG, Gluckstadt, herein incorporated by reference
  • shaft material in the mixture provides a more granular, bulkier, light-weight material, such as would be preferable for fillers.
  • its removal results in smoother, denser products.
  • the fibers can be further treated by mechanical beating, for example with a Hollander beater, until the fibers are soft, pliable and supple. Variations in these properties as well as fiber length can be achieved as desired by modifying the beating and compression conditions.
  • fibers may be subjected to chemical treatment with redox reagents such as 10% hydrogen peroxide for about 1 hour. At this point, they may be utilized for the production of products or further treated to produce pulp.
  • Coarse insulation can be produced from fibers obtained by shearing feathers, with both shafts and barbules present in the mixture. Fine insulation suitable for garments can be produced by removing the shaft material. Separating the shaft from barbule material also provides non-woven fibers useful, for example, in filter columns. * Open-ended containers are packed with the fibrous material which is held in place by screens or membranes at either end. In addition, textiles are produced by spinning barbules into threads which are subsequently woven into fabric.
  • Fiber pulp is obtained by combining fibers with water and/or other wetting agents or additives selected so as to tailor the final product according to its ultimate use. Products of different types and qualities can be produced from the pulp by varying the particular additives utilized. Acceptable wetting agents are ionic and non-ionic surfactants, such as sodium dodecylsulfate and polysorbate 80.
  • Fiber pulp slurries are produced by mixing the pulp with water and/or other wetting agents in an amount sufficient for intended use. These slurries can then be adjusted to consistencies favorable for a variety of applications including extrusions, and the pressing and forming of objects of various shapes and sizes, e.g. trays, containers, vessels, tubes, frames or masts. Slurries can also be rolled and compressed into sheets and plates similar to particle board. Combination with appropriate foaming agents, such as Porofor ® BSH, will produce a variety of lightweight filling materials for padding, packing and insulating. Fiber pulp slurries may also be used in the manufacture of non-woven fibers such as selective filters and general adsorbents.
  • Additives such as mordants and dyes (e.g., titanium dioxide and iron oxide); binders (e.g., starch and casein); foaming agents; hardeners; chemical sizing agents (e.g., a ketene dimer emulsion); fillers; and other plant (e.g., kenaf, cotton rag, wood cellulose) or animal (e.g., collagen) fibers may be used. These agents are known to those of skill in the art and can be varied according to the requirements for the ultimate product. Chemical cross-linking, wetting and/or redox reagents may also be utilized as needed. Existing techniques and technologies may be utilized to manufacture the products of interest.
  • mordants and dyes e.g., titanium dioxide and iron oxide
  • binders e.g., starch and casein
  • foaming agents e.g., hardeners
  • chemical sizing agents e.g., a ketene dimer emulsion
  • fillers
  • Fiber pulp slurry is adjusted to consistencies effective for extrusion or pressing and forming various shaped and sized objects such as trays, containers, vessels, tubes, frames or masts according to Higham or Chamberlain and Bowler, supra. Fiber pulp is rolled and compressed into sheets and plates such as particle board. Fiber pulp is combined with appropriate foaming agents to produce a variety of light weight filling materials for padding, packing and insulating. Fiber pulp can also be used to manufacture selective filters and general adsorbents as described by Nachinkin, O.I. (Polymeric Microfilters. 1991. Ellis Horwood, New York).
  • a slurry prepared according to Example 2 is spread evenly over a thin 12" x 12" polyethylene plastic sheet overlaid onto an 11" x 11" x 1/4" plexiglass plate with a spatula, tamped even with a 12" x 1" x 1/8" straight-edge, and allowed to air dry overnight.
  • a mist of ethanol is sprayed onto the sheet, and the sheet is allowed to dry under about 0.5 to 10 ton pressure per square inch in a hydraulic press between two polyethylene lined plexiglass sheets. After pressing, the polyethylene sheets are removed from the product. This process is sufficient to produce an 81/2" x 11" sheet of paper.
  • the fiber is chemically treated with hydrogen peroxide to further whiten the fibers and to enhance the pulp-like properties of the fiber.
  • the sample is dried overnight in a forced-air oven at 105°C.
  • About 8 g dried fiber pulp is beaten with 2 g kenaf, 0.5 g casein glue solution and 300 ml water in a Waring blender for 5 min.
  • the pulp slurry is poured onto a thin 12" x 12" polyethylene plastic sheet and overlaid onto an 11" x 11" x 1/4" plexiglass plate.
  • the slurry is spread evenly over the polyethylene sheet with a spatula and tamped even with a 12" x 1" x 1/8" straight-edge.
  • the slurry is allowed to air dry overnight.
  • a mist of ethanol is sprayed onto the sheet, and the sheet is allowed to dry under about 0.5 - 10 ton pressure per square inch in a hydraulic press between two polyethylene lined plexiglass sheets.
  • the polyethylene is removed from the product, a flat composite sheet of feather/kenaf fiber.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)

Abstract

Une large gamme de produits finis peut être fabriquée à partir de fibres ou de pulpe de fibres dérivées de plumes. Ces produits finis sont par exemple le papier et des produits de type papier, des fibres tissées et non tissées, des matériaux d'isolation, des filtres, des produits d'extrusion, des feuilles et plaques composites.
PCT/US1994/014246 1993-12-29 1994-12-12 Fibres et produits fibreux produits a partir de plumes Ceased WO1995018252A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU15130/95A AU1513095A (en) 1993-12-29 1994-12-12 Fiber and fiber products produced from feathers

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US17507793A 1993-12-29 1993-12-29
US08/175,077 1993-12-29

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1995018252A1 true WO1995018252A1 (fr) 1995-07-06

Family

ID=22638779

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US1994/014246 Ceased WO1995018252A1 (fr) 1993-12-29 1994-12-12 Fibres et produits fibreux produits a partir de plumes

Country Status (2)

Country Link
AU (1) AU1513095A (fr)
WO (1) WO1995018252A1 (fr)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0832316A4 (fr) * 1995-06-06 1998-09-16 Us Agriculture Fibres et produits fibreux obtenus a partir de plumes
WO2002038853A3 (fr) * 2000-11-08 2003-08-07 Tyson Foods Inc Procede pour traiter des plumes et produit resultant de ce traitement
CN1311132C (zh) * 2004-05-14 2007-04-18 王正顺 一种利用家禽羽毛生产特种纸张的工艺
CN103590262A (zh) * 2013-10-15 2014-02-19 嘉兴市广兴羽绒有限公司 一种羽绒染色工艺
CN105369639A (zh) * 2014-08-25 2016-03-02 江苏欣隆羽绒有限公司 一种去除羽绒与化纤面料异味的杀菌除臭剂及其方法
CN108485837A (zh) * 2018-05-03 2018-09-04 浙江工业职业技术学院 一种高效羽绒漂白清洗杀菌剂及其应用方法
CN113668072A (zh) * 2020-05-13 2021-11-19 宣城明佳羽绒有限公司 一种羽毛羽绒生产工艺

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2706143A (en) * 1952-05-17 1955-04-12 Alexander Smith Inc Process for treating feathers
US2809400A (en) * 1954-07-23 1957-10-15 Fybradown Corp Apparatus for producing feather fibres
US4169706A (en) * 1975-07-18 1979-10-02 Ernst Kruchen Method of cleaning poultry feathers

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2706143A (en) * 1952-05-17 1955-04-12 Alexander Smith Inc Process for treating feathers
US2809400A (en) * 1954-07-23 1957-10-15 Fybradown Corp Apparatus for producing feather fibres
US4169706A (en) * 1975-07-18 1979-10-02 Ernst Kruchen Method of cleaning poultry feathers

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0832316A4 (fr) * 1995-06-06 1998-09-16 Us Agriculture Fibres et produits fibreux obtenus a partir de plumes
WO2002038853A3 (fr) * 2000-11-08 2003-08-07 Tyson Foods Inc Procede pour traiter des plumes et produit resultant de ce traitement
CN1311132C (zh) * 2004-05-14 2007-04-18 王正顺 一种利用家禽羽毛生产特种纸张的工艺
CN103590262A (zh) * 2013-10-15 2014-02-19 嘉兴市广兴羽绒有限公司 一种羽绒染色工艺
CN105369639A (zh) * 2014-08-25 2016-03-02 江苏欣隆羽绒有限公司 一种去除羽绒与化纤面料异味的杀菌除臭剂及其方法
CN108485837A (zh) * 2018-05-03 2018-09-04 浙江工业职业技术学院 一种高效羽绒漂白清洗杀菌剂及其应用方法
CN108485837B (zh) * 2018-05-03 2020-12-18 浙江工业职业技术学院 一种高效羽绒漂白清洗杀菌剂及其应用方法
CN113668072A (zh) * 2020-05-13 2021-11-19 宣城明佳羽绒有限公司 一种羽毛羽绒生产工艺

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU1513095A (en) 1995-07-17

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