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WO1995014252A1 - Microscope a affichage video en trois dimensions - Google Patents

Microscope a affichage video en trois dimensions Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1995014252A1
WO1995014252A1 PCT/US1994/013204 US9413204W WO9514252A1 WO 1995014252 A1 WO1995014252 A1 WO 1995014252A1 US 9413204 W US9413204 W US 9413204W WO 9514252 A1 WO9514252 A1 WO 9514252A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
video
image
output
images
microscope
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US1994/013204
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Carlton L. Frederick
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Q-LAMP Inc
Original Assignee
Q-LAMP Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Q-LAMP Inc filed Critical Q-LAMP Inc
Priority to AU12561/95A priority Critical patent/AU1256195A/en
Publication of WO1995014252A1 publication Critical patent/WO1995014252A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
    • H04N13/20—Image signal generators
    • H04N13/204—Image signal generators using stereoscopic image cameras
    • H04N13/239—Image signal generators using stereoscopic image cameras using two 2D image sensors having a relative position equal to or related to the interocular distance
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B21/00—Microscopes
    • G02B21/18—Arrangements with more than one light path, e.g. for comparing two specimens
    • G02B21/20—Binocular arrangements
    • G02B21/22—Stereoscopic arrangements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B30/00—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images
    • G02B30/20—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes
    • G02B30/22—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the stereoscopic type
    • G02B30/24—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the stereoscopic type involving temporal multiplexing, e.g. using sequentially activated left and right shutters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
    • H04N13/30—Image reproducers
    • H04N13/332—Displays for viewing with the aid of special glasses or head-mounted displays [HMD]
    • H04N13/341—Displays for viewing with the aid of special glasses or head-mounted displays [HMD] using temporal multiplexing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
    • H04N13/30—Image reproducers
    • H04N13/398—Synchronisation thereof; Control thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
    • H04N13/10—Processing, recording or transmission of stereoscopic or multi-view image signals
    • H04N13/106—Processing image signals
    • H04N13/158—Switching image signals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
    • H04N13/10—Processing, recording or transmission of stereoscopic or multi-view image signals
    • H04N13/106—Processing image signals
    • H04N13/167—Synchronising or controlling image signals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
    • H04N13/10—Processing, recording or transmission of stereoscopic or multi-view image signals
    • H04N13/189—Recording image signals; Reproducing recorded image signals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N13/00—Stereoscopic video systems; Multi-view video systems; Details thereof
    • H04N13/10—Processing, recording or transmission of stereoscopic or multi-view image signals
    • H04N13/194—Transmission of image signals

Definitions

  • the invention pertains to the field of stereo microscopy. More particularly, the invention pertains to stereo microscopy using three dimensional video display techniques.
  • the stereo microscope has long been known to the art. It comprises essentially two microscopes in tandem, with the objectives converged on a single specimen, and the ocular lenses spaced such that a user can view each microscope with one eye, resulting in a three dimensional image of the specimen.
  • stereo microscopes It would also be useful for researchers and teachers with a need for stereo microscopes to be able to take notes and/or annotate the images they see, and to store the images themselves for later use. To date, no stereo microscope known to the inventor is capable of this.
  • the invention presents a stereo microscope having a three-dimensional video display.
  • a conventional stereo microscope is fitted with a video camera in place of the left and right eyepieces.
  • Each camera's video is fed to a separate image capture board in a single computer, which controls the left and right boards and adds the capability for image storage, titling, etc.
  • the video output from each capture board is displayed alternately, left and right image, frame by frame, on a single video monitor.
  • the switching between the two capture boards is done by a video switching unit which also provides synchronization signals for glasses, so that the user's eyes each see the appropriate left-right alternating frames, creating a high quality, real-time three dimensional image on the monitor.
  • Fig. 1 shows the microscope of the invention in use.
  • Fig. 2 shows a block diagram of the overall circuitry of the invention.
  • Fig. 3 shows a diagram of the video switch / synchronizer unit
  • Fig. 4 shows a timing diagram of the invention
  • Figure 1 shows the invention in use, in its embodiment as a retrofit to existing stereo microscopes (6).
  • the microscope (6) is a conventional optical stereo (3 dimensional) microscope, which can be of any of the many kinds available on the market from many manufacturers.
  • the microscope has the usual dual eyepieces, which are removed and two television cameras (7) and (8) are put in their place through the use of conventional adapter tubes.
  • the television cameras are preferably small color units, of which many are available.
  • the Javelin Electronics model JE3662HR cameras have been found to be especially useful in the preferred embodiment of the invention, because of their capability of high resolution, high-scan rate images.
  • the video output (5) from the right (7) and left (8) video cameras is fed into video image capture circuits.
  • this circuitry is in the form of image capture boards in a microcomputer, which allows the computer to supply various timing and synchronization signals and to superimpose text, store images, etc., as will be discussed below.
  • the image output from the two video capture boards is routed through an appropriate cable (4) to a video switch / synchronization unit (3).
  • the video switch unit is described in detail below.
  • the switched output from the video switch is then sent to an appropriate video monitor (10), on which the image is displayed.
  • Any video monitor capable of displaying the image would work, although a high-resolution monitor capable of operation at high vertical scan frequencies (i.e. 120Hz) and non-interlaced operation with small dot sizes is preferred. These are sometimes called “multisync SVGA" monitors, and are available commercially from many sources.
  • the Mag- Innovision model C-SV1448 has been successfully used with the preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • the video switch / synchronization unit (3) also supplies a synchronization signal on a cable (2) or IR link to one or more sets of LCD switching glasses (1), which are worn by the user.
  • These glasses are commercially available from video ⁇ game manufacturers such as SEGA or Nintendo, or from 3DTV, inc. , and allow the left and right lenses to be selectively rendered opaque and clear through the application of the appropriate voltages to the LCD shutters in each lens.
  • the left lens is rendered opaque when the right eye image is on the monitor, and vice-versa.
  • the result in the preferred embodiment is the appearance of a high-quality, three dimensional microscope image.
  • the system can be set up to be viewed by multiple viewers wearing parallel-triggered glasses, either by simply paralleling more than one output cord or through the use of glasses which are capable of being triggered by infra-red (IR) synchronization signals.
  • IR infra-red
  • the conventional stereo microscope is simply shown as the two optical paths (31) viewing sample (32).
  • the two TV cameras for left (29) and right (30) images are mounted to the microscope so as to produce images of the left and right eyepiece views, respectively.
  • the video output (33) from the left camera (29) is fed to the video input of left image capture board (22).
  • the video output (34) from the right camera (30) is fed to the video input of right image capture board (20).
  • the video capture boards under the control of the microcomputer (39), accept video images from the cameras and store them in memory which is addressable by the microcomputer.
  • Each video capture board has a video output (28) and (27) for right and left, respectively.
  • the video output might be an NTSC composite signal, for low resolution applications.
  • the video outputs are separate reg- green-blue (RGB) drive, vertical synchronization (V Sync) and horizontal synchronization (H Sync) signals as are used in the SVGA video standards.
  • the video capture boards which have been found to be especially useful in the preferred embodiment of the invention are the Omnicomp model M&M pro boards, which allow capture of high resolution images, and are addressable to allow combination of the captured images with text or images from the computer through the Video board (21), which is attached to the image capture boards through feature bus (23).
  • the image capture boards derive master clocking information, and vertical and horizontal synchronization signals from the video board.
  • the video board (21) is preferably of high resolution, and must have sufficient output to drive the two image capture boards.
  • the Diamond Speedster Pro model SVGA board has been found to be usable in the preferred embodiment of the invention. All of the above-mentioned cards (20), (21) and (22) plug into the microcomputer's master bus (24), which connects the cards to the CPU with the usual associated RAM (25) for control and text presentation.
  • the application is not very demanding, so any of the commonly available microprocessor systems would serve.
  • the preferred embodiment of the invention is currently running on a
  • the CPU may be software programmed to allow storage of images from the capture boards on a disk (26) or other mass storage as may in the future be developed. As the images are quite large (in excess of one megabyte per 3-D color image, even compressed) a very large disk is preferred. This storage of images also allows annotation of the images, either by text or verbally through digitization of sound, which can be useful in research or teaching applications. The images can later be recalled and displayed with the annotations by retrieving them from the disk and placing them in the memory of the capture boards, to be displayed according to the teachings of the invention.
  • the video outputs (27) and (28) of the two image capture boards (20) and (22) are the inputs to the Video switch / Glasses synchronizer unit (35), which is described in more detail below.
  • the switch / synch unit (35) drives the monitor (36) alternately with the left / right video signals, and at the same time drives the glasses (37) through wire or IR / RF link (38) to alternately opaque the left and right lenses as appropriate to the image on the screen.
  • the entire system is driven at twice the normal speed (120 Hz), or 60 complete left and right images per second, as opposed to the conventional 60Hz scanning.
  • the images are non ⁇ interlaced, which means that the full resolution of the screen is used for each image, instead of the prior-art standard of using the alternating lines of the interlaced image for left and right.
  • the preferred embodiment is capable of producing a flicker-free high resolution image in full three dimensions.
  • FIG. 3 shows the details of the video switch / synchronizer unit.
  • the two parts of the unit shown in dotted lines, are the video switch circuit (56) and the LCD glasses driver circuit (57).
  • the various blocks may be made of discrete components, or, preferably by commercially available integrated circuits (IC's). Typical IC's currently available will be identified by standard part number in this description, but it will be understood by one skilled in the art that substitutions can be easily made within the teachings of the invention.
  • IC's integrated circuits
  • Video inputs (40) and (41) correspond to the RGB video portion of the image capture board outputs (27) and (28) on figure 2.
  • the other inputs to the unit are the horizontal synchronization (Hsync) (42) and vertical synchronization (Vsync)(43) signals. These signals can come from either right (28) or left (27) board video outputs. Since the two are synchronized by the video board (21), the synchronization outputs are identical. Both Vsync (43) and Hsync signals (42) are passed unmodified through the unit and become Vsync (55) and Hsync (50) outputs, part of the video signal sent to monitor (36).
  • the Vsync signal (43) becomes the source of the synchronization signals used to switch the video signals and glasses from left to right, as it is detected by synch detector (46) and becomes the trigger input to flip-flop (45).
  • the synch detector can be an Op-amp circuit, such as one-half of an LM158 integrated circuit, or any other convenient synch detector circuit.
  • the flip flop can be a
  • CD4013 IC or any other commonly available chip as might be appropriate for the voltages and power drain requirements set by the designer.
  • the two outputs of a flip-flop are Q and not-Q (conventionally shown as a Q with a line over it).
  • Q and not-Q are complements which switch logical values as the trigger input of the flip-flop is actuated. That is, if Q is true initially, then not-Q is false. When triggered, Q will switch to false, and not-Q to true, and so on.
  • the flip-flop serves to change the momentary vertical synch pulse into a signal which changes state each time a new frame is sent. That is, the output of the flip-flop is high (for example) throughout the entire left image frame, then switches to low for the entire right frame.
  • One output of the flip-flop acts as the switching input to a video switch IC, such as an LM2044, a specialized IC designed for the purpose.
  • the LM2044 simultaneously switches the red, green and blue lines from two inputs to a single output based on the state of the input.
  • the video output (49) is switched from following the left input (40) to the right input (41), and back.
  • a flip-flop output (shown as not-Q, although it will be recognized by one skilled in the art that, with appropriate choice of components, the Q output could just as easily be used) drives the glasses-synchronization circuit (57).
  • the output (51) of the synch integrator (47) becomes active if there is an Hsync signal on input (42).
  • AND circuit (48) By feeding this output to one input of AND circuit (48), and the flip-flop output to the other input, the designer can ensure that the glasses are switched only if there is a video image on the monitor. This keeps the glasses from flickering annoyingly (or, worse, from freezing with one eye opaque) when no image is present.
  • the output of the AND (52) becomes the glasses drive signal to the glasses driver circuit, which is conventional and available from a number of standard sources.
  • the glasses drive signal (52) and video-active signal (51) switches a transistor and a number of interconnected gates in a quad KNEAD circuit such as a CD4030.
  • the output of the circuit is the glasses drive signal (56), comprising left, right and common lines. If desired, these lines could be used to drive a conventional IR transmitter circuit to operate the glasses remotely, although the most economical approach is simply to supply the glasses drive signals to a conventional "mini-stereo H jack, which is standard for the LCD glasses used in video games.
  • the rectangular blocks on lines (60)-(66) and (69) represent individual video "frames" (a "frame” is a complete screen of video information).
  • the frames from the right camera (61) are shaded in horizontal stripes and numbered from RO through R4, the frames from the left camera (60) are shaded vertically and numbered L0 through L4. As the frames are propagated through the system, they retain their shading and numbering. It is assumed for this diagram that both cameras have been running before the diagram begins, and that, as the diagram begins, the capture boards have been instructed by the cpu to begin storing and transmitting video frames.
  • Lines (60) and (61) represent the video data from the left and right cameras, respectively, this corresponds to (33) and (34) on figure 2.
  • Each stream of data comprises a sequence of video frames. As the frames are received by the capture boards, they are stored in memory - shown in lines (62) and (63) for the data in the left and right capture boards, respectively.
  • the boards Once the boards have stored the frames, they are instructed to write them out to their video image outputs (64) and (65) for the left and right image outputs, respectively, which corresponds to (27) and (28) on Fig. 2.
  • the horizontal synchronization (66) and vertical synchronization (67) portions of the video outputs also begin.
  • the two capture boards are synchronized together by clock signals from the computer video board, their Vsync and Hsync lines are identical. Thus, only one set of synch lines (67) and (68) are shown in the diagram.
  • the glasses synchronization circuit (57) switches the lines which opaque the left (71) or right (72) lenses. It is assumed for the purpose of this diagram that the lenses are normally clear, and opaque when voltage is applied, which corresponds to the operation of all of the glasses currently in use. It will be understood that this can be inverted if a given set of glasses should operate in an "apply voltage to clear" mode.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Testing, Inspecting, Measuring Of Stereoscopic Televisions And Televisions (AREA)

Abstract

Microscope stéréoscopique à affichage vidéo en trois dimensions. On équipe un microscope stéréoscopique traditionnel d'une caméra vidéo à la place des oculaires droit et gauche. Le signal vidéo de chaque caméra est envoyé à une carte indépendante de saisie d'images dans un seul ordinateur commandant les cartes de gauche et de droite et apportant une capacité de stockage d'images, d'inscription de titres, etc. Le signal vidéo de sortie de chaque carte de saisie est affiché en alternance de sorte que les images gauche et droite s'affichent successivement sur un même écran de contrôle. La commutation entre les deux cartes de saisie est effectuée par une unité de commutation vidéo délivrant également des signaux de synchronisation pour des lunettes, afin que les yeux de l'utilisateur voient chacun les images alternées droite-gauche appropriées, une image tridimensionnelle de grande qualité étant ainsi créée en temps réel sur l'écran de contrôle.
PCT/US1994/013204 1993-11-15 1994-11-15 Microscope a affichage video en trois dimensions Ceased WO1995014252A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU12561/95A AU1256195A (en) 1993-11-15 1994-11-15 3-d video microscope

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US15281593A 1993-11-15 1993-11-15
US08/152,815 1993-11-15

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1995014252A1 true WO1995014252A1 (fr) 1995-05-26

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PCT/US1994/013204 Ceased WO1995014252A1 (fr) 1993-11-15 1994-11-15 Microscope a affichage video en trois dimensions

Country Status (2)

Country Link
AU (1) AU1256195A (fr)
WO (1) WO1995014252A1 (fr)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2326573A (en) * 1997-06-03 1998-12-23 Hewlett Packard Co Method and apparatus for synchronising vertical refresh and dispaly of left versus right channels in a stereoscopic multi-display computer graphics system.
US6157395A (en) * 1997-05-19 2000-12-05 Hewlett-Packard Company Synchronization of frame buffer swapping in multi-pipeline computer graphics display systems
WO2008100229A1 (fr) * 2007-02-13 2008-08-21 National University Of Singapore Un dispositif et procédé d'imagerie
CN102006489A (zh) * 2009-08-27 2011-04-06 晨星软件研发(深圳)有限公司 用于立体显示的帧频转换装置及方法
WO2012171440A1 (fr) * 2011-06-13 2012-12-20 广州市晶华光学电子有限公司 Système d'imagerie de microscope stéréo numérique
CN103051866A (zh) * 2011-10-12 2013-04-17 中国电信股份有限公司 网络3d 视频监控系统、方法和视频处理平台
US9330477B2 (en) 2011-09-22 2016-05-03 Digital Surgicals Pte. Ltd. Surgical stereo vision systems and methods for microsurgery
US9766441B2 (en) 2011-09-22 2017-09-19 Digital Surgicals Pte. Ltd. Surgical stereo vision systems and methods for microsurgery
CN113873217A (zh) * 2021-08-06 2021-12-31 北京汉美奥科节能设备有限公司 一种高清线端接入3d眼镜同步信号发射装置

Citations (6)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4562463A (en) * 1981-05-15 1985-12-31 Stereographics Corp. Stereoscopic television system with field storage for sequential display of right and left images
US4772944A (en) * 1986-07-25 1988-09-20 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Stereoscopic image signal processing device
US4967268A (en) * 1989-07-31 1990-10-30 Stereographics Liquid crystal shutter system for stereoscopic and other applications
US5067804A (en) * 1989-07-06 1991-11-26 Kabushiki Kaisha Topcon Microscope
WO1993008665A1 (fr) * 1991-10-15 1993-04-29 Carl Zeiss Dispositif de representation d'images tridimensionnelles
DE9301434U1 (de) * 1993-02-03 1993-05-19 Fa. Carl Zeiss, 7920 Heidenheim Video-Stereomikroskop

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4562463A (en) * 1981-05-15 1985-12-31 Stereographics Corp. Stereoscopic television system with field storage for sequential display of right and left images
US4772944A (en) * 1986-07-25 1988-09-20 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Stereoscopic image signal processing device
US5067804A (en) * 1989-07-06 1991-11-26 Kabushiki Kaisha Topcon Microscope
US4967268A (en) * 1989-07-31 1990-10-30 Stereographics Liquid crystal shutter system for stereoscopic and other applications
WO1993008665A1 (fr) * 1991-10-15 1993-04-29 Carl Zeiss Dispositif de representation d'images tridimensionnelles
DE9301434U1 (de) * 1993-02-03 1993-05-19 Fa. Carl Zeiss, 7920 Heidenheim Video-Stereomikroskop

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6157395A (en) * 1997-05-19 2000-12-05 Hewlett-Packard Company Synchronization of frame buffer swapping in multi-pipeline computer graphics display systems
GB2326573A (en) * 1997-06-03 1998-12-23 Hewlett Packard Co Method and apparatus for synchronising vertical refresh and dispaly of left versus right channels in a stereoscopic multi-display computer graphics system.
US6122000A (en) * 1997-06-03 2000-09-19 Hewlett Packard Company Synchronization of left/right channel display and vertical refresh in multi-display stereoscopic computer graphics systems
GB2326573B (en) * 1997-06-03 2002-04-03 Hewlett Packard Co Synchronization of left/right channel display and vertical refresh in multi-display stereoscopic computer graphics systems
EP2126621A4 (fr) * 2007-02-13 2011-08-24 Univ Singapore Un dispositif et procédé d'imagerie
WO2008100229A1 (fr) * 2007-02-13 2008-08-21 National University Of Singapore Un dispositif et procédé d'imagerie
US9358078B2 (en) 2007-02-13 2016-06-07 National University Of Singapore Imaging device and method
CN102006489A (zh) * 2009-08-27 2011-04-06 晨星软件研发(深圳)有限公司 用于立体显示的帧频转换装置及方法
WO2012171440A1 (fr) * 2011-06-13 2012-12-20 广州市晶华光学电子有限公司 Système d'imagerie de microscope stéréo numérique
US9389409B2 (en) 2011-06-13 2016-07-12 Guangzhou Jinghua Optical & Electronics Co., Ltd. Imaging system for digital stereo microscope
US9330477B2 (en) 2011-09-22 2016-05-03 Digital Surgicals Pte. Ltd. Surgical stereo vision systems and methods for microsurgery
US9766441B2 (en) 2011-09-22 2017-09-19 Digital Surgicals Pte. Ltd. Surgical stereo vision systems and methods for microsurgery
CN103051866A (zh) * 2011-10-12 2013-04-17 中国电信股份有限公司 网络3d 视频监控系统、方法和视频处理平台
CN113873217A (zh) * 2021-08-06 2021-12-31 北京汉美奥科节能设备有限公司 一种高清线端接入3d眼镜同步信号发射装置

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