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WO1995013875A1 - Pulverisateur a fleaux multiples, pour le verre - Google Patents

Pulverisateur a fleaux multiples, pour le verre Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1995013875A1
WO1995013875A1 PCT/US1993/011223 US9311223W WO9513875A1 WO 1995013875 A1 WO1995013875 A1 WO 1995013875A1 US 9311223 W US9311223 W US 9311223W WO 9513875 A1 WO9513875 A1 WO 9513875A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
housing
shaft
flail
flails
pulverizer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US1993/011223
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
James Andela
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to JP51440395A priority Critical patent/JP3262798B2/ja
Priority to AU60479/94A priority patent/AU6047994A/en
Priority to PCT/US1993/011223 priority patent/WO1995013875A1/fr
Publication of WO1995013875A1 publication Critical patent/WO1995013875A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T15/00—3D [Three Dimensional] image rendering
    • G06T15/10—Geometric effects
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C19/00—Other disintegrating devices or methods
    • B02C19/0056—Other disintegrating devices or methods specially adapted for specific materials not otherwise provided for
    • B02C19/0081—Other disintegrating devices or methods specially adapted for specific materials not otherwise provided for specially adapted for breaking-up bottles
    • B02C19/0087—Other disintegrating devices or methods specially adapted for specific materials not otherwise provided for specially adapted for breaking-up bottles for glass bottles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C13/00—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills
    • B02C13/26—Details
    • B02C13/28—Shape or construction of beater elements
    • B02C2013/2816—Shape or construction of beater elements of chain, rope or cable type
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/60—Glass recycling

Definitions

  • the invention is in the field of apparatus for comminuting materials. More specifically, the invention is a glass pulverizer that employs two drum-shaped housings oriented in a side-by-side contiguous fashion. Within each housing is a rotatable flail assembly comprising a central rotor to which a plurality of flexible flail members are attached in a spiral configuration.
  • Machines developed for this purpose typically include an inlet opening through which the glass containers are inserted and an outlet opening through which the broken glass fragments and glass dust are ejected. To accomplish the breaking of the glass, these machines usually employ either a crushing apparatus or a hammermill form of breaker apparatus.
  • a significant problem with prior art machines that employ a crusher-type apparatus is a susceptibility of the machine to jamming when metal or plastic is inadvertently dropped into the machine's inlet.
  • the machine will either have the ability to crush the metal, or it will include an automatic dump apparatus that allows the machine to purge its contents when the anvil of the crushing mechanism meets an unusual resistance. Both of these solutions add an undesirable measure of complexity and expense to the device.
  • the hammermill is usually comprised of a number of rigid metal "hammers" that are mounted on the exterior surface of a central rotatable shaft. Each hammer must be sharp and straight for the machine to operate efficiently. However, during use the individual hammers rapidly become dulled. In addition, when metal objects are inadvertently fed into the device, these objects can bend or break some of the hammers, which would necessitate the machine being placed out of service until the damaged hammers can be repaired or replaced.
  • the flexible hammers are typically in the form of movable chains that are attached to the machine' s central shaft in a spaced-apart configuration. The chains break the glass and allow any metal fragments or metal containers to rapidly pass through the device without causing any damage.
  • the chain-type of flexible hammermills while providing a number of advantages over the prior art rigid breaker bar hammermills, still suffer a number of failings.
  • the degree of comminution is uncontrolled, and as a result relatively large diameter fragments of glass are often ejected from the device's outlet. Since the outputted material includes these large glass shards or fragments mixed with the smaller glass particles, the material cannot be easily recycled and is difficult to handle.
  • pulverized glass is in road construction where the pulverized glass is mixed with asphalt or similar materials. The large glass fragments would make the mixture unsuitable for this application.
  • a second problem with prior art chain-type hammermills is that the layout of the device normally required either a gravity or blower induced flow of material through the device in order to prevent the material from clogging the unit. As a result, the machine would require a large foundation. In addition, when a blower is used to enhance flow through the device, a significant increase in operating and maintenance costs is produced.
  • a third problem with prior art devices is that the flowpath of the material within the machine is inefficient and uncontrolled. This results in the high speed ejection of minimally broken material from the device's outlet. This high speed material can cause damage to whatever container or surface is being used to receive the broken glass.
  • the invention is a glass pulverizer that employs two multi-flail assemblies. Each assembly is located in a separate drum-shaped housing with the two housings having contiguous side edges. The unit has a feed inlet situated on a top surface of one of the housings and an outlet located on a bottom surface of the other housing. Each multi-flail assembly comprises a rotatable shaft that is oriented along the associated housing's longitudinal axis. In the area where the two housings are joined together, complementary openings in the two housings form a conduit to allow the initially broken glass to pass back and forth between the two housings and their associated flail assemblies.
  • Each of the two housings are supported on a common foundation and are parallel to each other.
  • the two housings are identical in diameter but have distinctly different lengths.
  • the second housing extends outwardly past the first housing and it is in the bottom of the outwardly extending portion in which the device' s outlet is located.
  • each housing includes an interior liner of a plastic material such as polyurethane.
  • the liner is expendable and is primarily designed to absorb the impact and cutting forces caused by the inputted materials as they rebound off the interior surface of the housings. In this manner, the liner protects the interior surface of the associated housing.
  • the end of each housing is removable to facilitate replacement of the lining. In addition, when the end of a housing is removed, the housing's flail assembly can be easily removed through the end of the housing.
  • the two multi-flail assemblies are oriented in a parallel manner and are centered within their associated housing. Attached to the rotatable shaft of each flail assembly are a plurality of separate, flexible flails. The flails are oriented on the shaft in a spiral fashion so that when the shaft is spinning, the flails extend away from the shaft and assume a spiral configuration about the shaft. The spiral orientation causes the assemblies to also function as an auger to move the broken glass through the device in the direction of the outlet.
  • the flails can be in the form of multi-link chains, wire ropes or pivotable links to which pivotable hammer members may be attached.
  • the flails can be encased in a plastic material to reduce wear and prevent direct contact between the flail's flexible connection points and the glass particles.
  • the flails may be in the form of a flexible three piece unit.
  • the disclosed flail includes a specially designed member for attachment to the shaft.
  • the attachment member is fastened to the shaft using a fastener assembly.
  • the shaft has a flat surface or spot face wherein when the fastener is properly tightened down on this spot face, the flail will naturally assume a correct orientation.
  • the attachment member is pivotally engaged to one end of a rigid link.
  • the outer end of the link includes a pivotally engaged hammer member.
  • Each flail is secured to its associated rotatable shaft using a removable fastener.
  • the shaft includes a slot at each location where a flail is attached.
  • Each slot has a smooth bottom surface and rounded end and is complementary in shape to the end portion of the flail. Placing the flail in the slot assures the correct orientation in the spiral for the proper function as an auger. By rigidly securing the end of the flail, the incidence of wear at the end of the flail and in the shaft is significantly reduced.
  • the layout of the device is uniquely adapted to control the through-flow and degree of pulverization of the glass.
  • the glass When the glass initially enters the first housing, it is rapidly broken into large pieces by the first flail assembly. The glass fragments are then directed into an "impact zone" located in the area where the two housings are joined. In this area, the glass bounces back and forth between the first and second flail assemblies until the fragments have been reduced in size with approximately ninety-five percent of the particles having a diameter between 10 millimeters and 0.1 millimeters.
  • the pulverized glass is drawn by the auger-type action of the flail assemblies toward the outer end of the device and eventually to the extreme outer end of the second housing where the outlet is located.
  • the fragments By the time the fragments reach the machine's outlet, they have been pulverized so that they form a non-sharp cubic aggregate.
  • the aggregate is moving at a relatively low speed and in a controlled fashion.
  • the material then exits the machine via the outlet and falls into a collector placed below the device.
  • the material may be directed onto a conveyer which brings the aggregate to another machine for further processing.
  • the invention optionally includes a water spray unit that directs a stream of water onto the glass as it enters the first housing and is initially broken.
  • the water does not adversely affect the comminution process and functions to reduce the incidence of airborne glass dust that would otherwise be produced by the unit.
  • a single motor is connected to both rotatable shafts via a belt and pulley system.
  • the belts and pulleys are arranged so that both shafts and therefore both chain flail assemblies spin in the same direction.
  • each flail assembly can be provided with its own motor.
  • Figure 1 is an elevational view of the invention.
  • Figure 2 is a plan view of the invention shown in figure 1.
  • Figure 3 is an end view of the invention shown in figure 1.
  • a liquid spray system that can optionally be added to the invention is shown in phantom in this figure.
  • Figure 4 is a partially cross-sectioned elevational view of the invention of figure 1 taken through the first housing.
  • Figure 5 is a cross-section elevational view of the invention shown in figure 1 taken through the second housing.
  • Figure 6 is a cross-sectional end view of the invention shown in figure 1 taken at a point proximate the end of the housings shown in figure 3.
  • Figure 7 is a side view of an end portion of one of the flail assemblies shown in figure 5.
  • Figure 8 is an end view of the flail assembly portion shown in figure 7.
  • Figure 9 is a side view of an alternate embodiment of a flail.
  • Figure 10 is a side view of another alternate embodiment of a flail.
  • Figure 11 is a top view of the flail shown in figure
  • the unit includes a support framework 2 upon which the pulverizer apparatus 6 rests.
  • the pulverizer apparatus comprises a first cylindrical drum-like housing 8 that includes a top mounted inlet structure 10.
  • the inlet structure has a central opening 12 that is surrounded by a funnel-shaped wall structure 14.
  • Contiguous to the first drum-shaped housing 8 is a second cylindrical drum-like housing 16.
  • the second housing 16 is oriented wherein its longitudinal axis is parallel to the longitudinal axis of the first housing. Located on the bottom surface of the second housing is an outlet structure 20.
  • the outlet includes a circular wall structure 22 that surrounds a central opening 24.
  • FIG. 3 provides an end view of the apparatus in which the unit's drive mechanism can be seen.
  • the drive mechanism includes a top mounted motor 26 that is connected by a first belt 28 to a pulley 30 that is mounted on a rotatable shaft 32.
  • a second belt 34 connects the motor to a pulley 36 that is mounted on a second rotatable shaft 38.
  • the belts When the motor is operating, the belts cause shafts 32 and 38 to turn in the same direction.
  • two motors may be employed with one motor connected by pulley and belt to shaft 32 and the other motor connected by pulley and belt to shaft 38.
  • Figure 4 provides a cross-sectional view of the first housing 8 shown at a time when the shaft is spinning.
  • a flail assembly 39 comprising the center shaft 32 that is located proximate the housing's longitudinal axis and supported at each end by bearings 40. The bearings are secured to the housing.
  • the flail assembly further comprises a plurality of flexible flails 42 that are each removably attached to shaft 32 by removable fasteners (detailed in figure 7).
  • the flails are in the form of multi-link lengths of chain.
  • Each flail is attached to the shaft so that it is spaced from any adjacent flails by both a vertical and horizontal distance. The flails are thereby located so that when the shaft is rotating, the centrifugal force causes the flails to extend outwardly and form a spiral/auger shape.
  • the spiral shape formed by the flail assembly when it is rotating performs two functions. Firstly, it causes an effective and controlled comminution of the inputted glass containers and/or glass fragments. Secondly, it causes the glass to move toward an outer end 44 of the housing in a direction parallel to the housing's longitudinal axis.
  • a removable plastic liner 45 located within the housing.
  • the liner fits snugly against the interior surface of the housing and protects it from being damaged by direct contact with the high speed glass and/or metal fragments.
  • FIG. 5 provides a cross-sectional view of the second housing 16 shown at a time when the shaft is spinning.
  • a flail assembly 46 located within housing 16 that is substantially identical to flail assembly 39 except that it is longer.
  • This second flail assembly includes the rotatable shaft 38 (supported at each end by housing-attached bearings 47) and a plurality of flexible flails 50 removably secured to the shaft.
  • the flails are arranged and secured to the shaft so that they will produce a spiral configuration when the shaft is rotating in the same manner as employed in flail assembly 39 and having the same functionality.
  • the auger action of flail assembly 46 will move the pulverized glass toward an outlet 20 that is located on the outer end 52 of the housing 16.
  • a removable plastic liner 51 is located within housing 16 and protects the interior surface of the housing from flying pieces of glass or metal. It should be noted that the liners 45 and 51 may be removed from their associated housing by removing bolts 53 from the end portions 44 and 52 respectively and then removing the sheet metal screws 55 that fasten the liners to their associated housings.
  • Figure 6 provides a cross-sectional view taken across the width of the device.
  • the shafts and individual flails can be seen as well as a contact zone 54 located between the two housings.
  • Housing 8 has a long, basically rectangular opening 56 located in its side. The opening is contiguous to a similarly shaped opening 58 in the side of housing 16. These two openings join the interior of the two housings together and allow glass fragments to bounce between the two housings and be impacted by the flails of each of the two flail assemblies. This causes the glass fragments to become completely pulverized as they move toward the outer ends of the housings under the auger type action of the flail assemblies.
  • a water spray system may optionally be included.
  • the spray system is shown in phantom in figure 3 wherein a hose or pipe 60 is connected to a source of water 62.
  • a valve 64 is located in the hose adjacent the unit and functions to control the volume of water passing through the hose.
  • a spray nozzle 66 Attached to the outlet of the valve and mounted to the side of the device's inlet 10 is a spray nozzle 66.
  • a fine spray of liquid introduced as glass is inserted into the device or at any other point is effective. This wetting action causes the fine glass particles to adhere to larger glass fragments and thereby the amount of airborne glass dust at the outlet 20.
  • the operation of the overall device is for the most part unaffected by the added liquid.
  • Figures 7-9 provide detailed views of the structure of the flail assemblies when said assemblies are at rest.
  • an end portion of flail assembly 39 is shown. It should be noted that a view of an end portion of flail assembly 46 would be identical to the portion shown in figures 7 and 8.
  • each of the flails is in the form of a length of chain that has an inner end link 70 that is fitted into a complementary slot 72 on the shaft.
  • the slot has a flat bottom surface 73 and has a width approximately equal to the width of link 70.
  • a fastener 74 extends through the center opening of link 70 and a head portion 76 of the fastener contacts the outer surface of the link to hold the link into the slot.
  • link 70 is rigidly fixed to the shaft with its bottom surface in full contact with surface 73 of the slot. It should be noted that the link of the flail adjacent to link 70 can pivot on link 70 and thereby maintain the flexibility of the flail.
  • the shaft By immovably fixing link 70 to the shaft, the shaft will not become worn as the rest of the flail pivots and moves on the end of link 70.
  • the slots 72 are rounded on one end and located in a staggered manner to enable the previously described spiral orientation of the flails when the shaft is spinning.
  • Figure 9 shows a second embodiment of a flexible flail 80 which could be substituted for one or all of flails 42 or 50 described in the primary embodiment.
  • flail 80 includes a plurality of interconnected links 82 that are contained within an elongated polyurethane or rubber cover 84.
  • the cover is flexible and functions to protect the enclosed links and to minimize the amount of pulverized glass that collects on the links. By eliminating the direct contact between the glass particles and the links, the wear life of the links are extended.
  • a rotatable hammer 86 is located at the distal end (furthest from the connection point to the shaft) of the flail 80.
  • the hammer is made from an extremely hard material such as hardened steel, ceramic or carbide and is ovably connected to the adjacent link 87.
  • the connection is provided by the end of link 87 being received within an aperture 88 of the hammer.
  • a pin 92 is inserted through the hammer 86 and the adjacent link 87 to secure the link 87 in place.
  • the movable hammer is especially useful when a non-frangible item has been entered into the machine. When the hammer contacts the item, the connection allows the hammer to rotate about its connection to the adjacent link of the flail and thereby not become damaged or excessively worn by the impact with the item.
  • Figures 10 and 11 show another embodiment of a flexible flail 94 that can be substituted for one or all of flails 42 or 50.
  • the flail includes a connector 96 that is designed to be secured to the shaft 32 or 38 of the flail assembly by a bolt or similar fastener 99 that would extend through aperture 98.
  • the fastener 99 is designed to be threadably engaged to a complementary threaded bore (such as 74) in the shaft. The fastener 99 thereby functions to secure and correctly position the connector 96 on the shaft's surface. In this manner, each flail can be secured to the shaft to obtain the desired spiral orientation of the flails.
  • Attached to the connector 96 is a link 100 that is preferably made of a hardened steel material.
  • the attachment is made using a press-fit pin 102 that extends through apertures 104 in the connector and which only loosely fits through an aperture 106 in the link. In this manner, the rod is able to pivot about pin 102.
  • a plastic bushing can be used to protect the pin 102.
  • the outer or distal end of the rod has a pivotally attached hammer 108.
  • the hammer member is preferably made of a hardened steel material and is connected to the rod by a pivot pin 110. The pin is press- fit into apertures 112 of the hammer and loosely fits through an aperture 114 of the rod.
  • the user inputs glass containers through the inlet 10.
  • the containers break as they contact the flexible flails that are moving below the inlet.
  • the resultant fragments of broken glass are then swept by the flails into the impact zone 54 between the two housings.
  • the fragments bounce back and forth between the individual flails of the two flail assemblies and thereby become fully comminuted into small particles and reach a size wherein approximately ninety-five percent of the particles are between 1 and 0.1 millimeter in diameter.
  • the auger action of the two flail assemblies causes the glass particles to move toward the outer ends of each housing.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Computer Graphics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)
  • Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un pulvérisateur pour le verre (6) où deux agencements rotatifs de fléaux (39 et 46) sont logés dans deux logements contigus en forme de tambours, respectivement (8 et 16). Un logement (8) a une entrée (10) à une extrémité et l'autre logement (16) a une sortie (20) située à l'autre extrémité, la plus éloignée de l'extrémité adjacente à l'entrée. Le logement (8) ayant une sortie (20) est plus long que l'autre logement (16), ce qui permet au verre pulvérisé de sortir du dispositif à une vitesse relativement basse et d'une manière contrôlée. Les fléaux (42) des agencements (39 et 46) de fléaux sont flexibles et ils sont fixés dans des fentes à fond plat (72) ou des faces ponctuelles se trouvant à l'extérieur de l'arbre (32).
PCT/US1993/011223 1993-11-15 1993-11-15 Pulverisateur a fleaux multiples, pour le verre Ceased WO1995013875A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP51440395A JP3262798B2 (ja) 1993-11-15 1993-11-15 マルチフレイル粉砕機
AU60479/94A AU6047994A (en) 1993-11-15 1993-11-15 Multi-flail glass pulverizer
PCT/US1993/011223 WO1995013875A1 (fr) 1993-11-15 1993-11-15 Pulverisateur a fleaux multiples, pour le verre

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US1993/011223 WO1995013875A1 (fr) 1993-11-15 1993-11-15 Pulverisateur a fleaux multiples, pour le verre

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1995013875A1 true WO1995013875A1 (fr) 1995-05-26

Family

ID=22237195

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US1993/011223 Ceased WO1995013875A1 (fr) 1993-11-15 1993-11-15 Pulverisateur a fleaux multiples, pour le verre

Country Status (3)

Country Link
JP (1) JP3262798B2 (fr)
AU (1) AU6047994A (fr)
WO (1) WO1995013875A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2012091092A (ja) * 2010-10-26 2012-05-17 Daiwa Odakyu Construction Co Ltd 解泥機

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1147351A (en) * 1915-01-27 1915-07-20 Williams Patent Crusher & Pulv Hammer attachment for rotary mills.
US3623674A (en) * 1967-11-01 1971-11-30 Gunter Alt Hammer crusher
US4077575A (en) * 1974-02-09 1978-03-07 Lindemann Maschinenfabrik Gmbh Securing means of replaceable wearing plates in smashing machines
US4166583A (en) * 1977-11-23 1979-09-04 Konrad Ruckstuhl Hammermill
US4252280A (en) * 1979-07-20 1981-02-24 Richard Rymer Attrition mill
US4572258A (en) * 1985-01-24 1986-02-25 Mischel Kenneth J Chain flail
US4654938A (en) * 1983-03-22 1987-04-07 Dalseide & Co. Descaler head assembly for a descaling machine
US4947906A (en) * 1987-12-01 1990-08-14 H L & H Timber Products Debarker
US5184781A (en) * 1992-01-14 1993-02-09 James Andela Glass pulverizer

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1147351A (en) * 1915-01-27 1915-07-20 Williams Patent Crusher & Pulv Hammer attachment for rotary mills.
US3623674A (en) * 1967-11-01 1971-11-30 Gunter Alt Hammer crusher
US4077575A (en) * 1974-02-09 1978-03-07 Lindemann Maschinenfabrik Gmbh Securing means of replaceable wearing plates in smashing machines
US4166583A (en) * 1977-11-23 1979-09-04 Konrad Ruckstuhl Hammermill
US4252280A (en) * 1979-07-20 1981-02-24 Richard Rymer Attrition mill
US4654938A (en) * 1983-03-22 1987-04-07 Dalseide & Co. Descaler head assembly for a descaling machine
US4572258A (en) * 1985-01-24 1986-02-25 Mischel Kenneth J Chain flail
US4947906A (en) * 1987-12-01 1990-08-14 H L & H Timber Products Debarker
US5184781A (en) * 1992-01-14 1993-02-09 James Andela Glass pulverizer

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP3262798B2 (ja) 2002-03-04
JPH09504993A (ja) 1997-05-20
AU6047994A (en) 1995-06-06

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