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WO1995013163A1 - Procede de surveillance d'une machine a souder, application dudit procede pour la regulation de la machine a souder et dispositif permettant l'application dudit procede - Google Patents

Procede de surveillance d'une machine a souder, application dudit procede pour la regulation de la machine a souder et dispositif permettant l'application dudit procede Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1995013163A1
WO1995013163A1 PCT/DE1994/001291 DE9401291W WO9513163A1 WO 1995013163 A1 WO1995013163 A1 WO 1995013163A1 DE 9401291 W DE9401291 W DE 9401291W WO 9513163 A1 WO9513163 A1 WO 9513163A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
welding
thermo
welding machine
parts
time interval
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/DE1994/001291
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Manfred Fortmann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG, Siemens Corp filed Critical Siemens AG
Priority to KR1019960702465A priority Critical patent/KR960705651A/ko
Priority to JP7513523A priority patent/JPH09504741A/ja
Priority to EP94931506A priority patent/EP0728054A1/fr
Publication of WO1995013163A1 publication Critical patent/WO1995013163A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Priority to US08/645,243 priority patent/US5742023A/en
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K11/00—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
    • B23K11/24—Electric supply or control circuits therefor
    • B23K11/25—Monitoring devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K11/00—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
    • B23K11/24—Electric supply or control circuits therefor
    • B23K11/25—Monitoring devices
    • B23K11/252—Monitoring devices using digital means
    • B23K11/258—Monitoring devices using digital means the measured parameter being a voltage

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for monitoring a welding machine, with which a spot weld connection is formed between two parts to be welded to one another by means of at least one electrode in contact with one of the parts, a welding current being passed through the parts during a welding time interval and outside the welding time interval a thermoelectric voltage is measured between the electrode and the parts.
  • Welding machines with which spot weld connections are made between, in particular, metallic parts are used in many technical fields, for example in automobile construction.
  • the welding machines are often used in the course of automated manufacturing processes.
  • a spot weld connection made with a welding machine is often used not only for a preliminary joining of components, but also as a final connection between the components. Accordingly, there is a need to monitor a welding machine to determine whether it is functioning properly and whether spot welding connections are produced in accordance with specified technical requirements. Quasi-continuous monitoring of the welding machine and regulation of the welding machine are of particular interest, particularly in an automated manufacturing process in which a large number of spot weld connections are made in a chronological sequence.
  • the welding machine has been monitored either by the operating personnel or, in particular in the case of an automated welding machine, by a plurality of measuring sensors which are located within the welding machine or in the welding machine closer surroundings of the spot weld connection are arranged. Due to the high outlay on equipment, in particular cabling and data processing, the use of a plurality of sensors has the disadvantage that they are exposed to the possibly unfavorable conditions prevailing in the vicinity of the spot weld connection.
  • DE 31 36 726 C2 describes monitoring of a welding machine in which information about the presence or absence of contact between the welding electrodes and the workpiece to be welded is obtained with electrical signals. This information is obtained via a constant measurement of the residual voltage on the primary side of the welding transformer, which includes an indirect measurement of the impedance of the secondary side of the welding transformer. The indirect measurement of the impedance takes place outside the welding time interval in which a welding current is passed through the electrodes and the workpieces in order to produce a welded connection.
  • DE 31 36 726 C2 does not specify any further monitoring of the welding machine.
  • WO-92/10326 AI a method for checking the quality of spot welds is specified.
  • a thermoelectric voltage between an electrode of the welding machine and one of the parts to be welded is measured therein after the welding process has ended.
  • the temperature at the spot weld connection is in turn determined from the thermoelectric voltage and an assessment of the quality of the spot weld connection is carried out from the course thereof.
  • the method described in WO-92/10326 AI is partially taken up by the invention, and this method and the entire content of WO-92/10326 AI are to be regarded as belonging to the submitted disclosure. It has also been proposed to measure a thermoelectric voltage measured between the. Before forming the spot weld connection
  • Electrode and the one in contact with this electrode Part to use for assessing the quality of the spot weld connection.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of specifying a method for monitoring a welding machine of the type mentioned at the outset, which should be suitable for an automated production process, simple and can be carried out with little effort even under extreme external conditions.
  • Another object is to specify an application of the method for regulating the welding machine and a device for carrying out the method.
  • the first-mentioned object is achieved by a method in which a welding machine mentioned at the outset is monitored in such a way that a welding current is passed through the parts during a welding time interval and a ther o- outside the welding time interval between the electrode and the parts. electrical voltage is measured, which is used as the basis for monitoring the welding machine, a monitoring variable being determined from the thermo-electrical voltage and being compared with a reference variable of the welding machine.
  • the method can be used both before and after the actual welding, i.e. outside of the welding time interval, the welding machine is monitored for perfect functionality.
  • the method provides information about the welding machine that can serve as decision criteria for the manner in which a welding is carried out.
  • the method is also simple to carry out since, in particular, only a small outlay on equipment is necessary to implement the invention, since measurement sensors in the vicinity of the spot weld connection to be produced can be dispensed with in particular.
  • the monitoring variable determined from the thermo-electrical voltage is compared with a reference variable or several reference variables of the welding machine, such as the permissible temperature of the electrode, and Comparative variables for a sufficient spot weld connection are compared, as a result of which the welding machine is monitored.
  • An evaluation of the thermo-electrical voltage can be carried out under normal external conditions, such as room temperature, electrical field freedom, etc., in particular at a sufficient distance from the spot weld connection.
  • thermo-electrical voltage can be measured simply and precisely, the measurement being able to be carried out apart from the spot weld connection to be produced, so that suitable measuring devices do not in the vicinity of the spot weld connection to the possibly extreme external conditions, such as high temperature or high electric fields get abandoned.
  • thermo-electrical voltage is advantageously measured at several points in time, it being possible for a measurement to be carried out both before the actual welding begins and after the welding has ended.
  • a measurement at different times may include a larger information spectrum and serves to ensure measurement reliability and further improved monitoring.
  • thermoelectric voltage With the determination of a time course of the thermoelectric voltage and thus the monitoring variable, there is also a largely continuous monitoring of the welding machine. A change in the functionality of the welding machine over time is thus easily ascertainable, which is particularly advantageous particularly in the production of a rapid sequence of spot welding connections.
  • the electrode is brought into contact with one of the parts to be welded and the parts are pressed together.
  • a welding current is passed through the parts during the welding time interval, with the welding current being switched on and off is controlled by a switching device of the welding machine.
  • the welding current is preferably an alternating current.
  • a measurable electrical voltage is also a periodic signal which, in addition to an oscillation amplitude, has an easy-to-determine mean value.
  • the vibration amplitude can be a measure of the electrical contact between the electrode and the part to be welded
  • the mean value can be a measure of the thermo-electrical voltage between the electrode and the part, i.e. for a temperature to be.
  • Welding machines that weld with an alternating current often have a thyristor circuit for switching on the welding current, which causes a leakage current with a constant frequency, in particular 50 Hz, when operated with the public electrical network in Germany.
  • This periodic signal can be easily separated from a non-periodic signal, for example a thermoelectric voltage, both before the start of the welding time interval and after the end of the welding time interval.
  • the electrode advantageously consists of a first material, in particular a first metal, and the part with which it is brought into contact by the welding machine consists of a second material that is different from the first, in particular a second, metal.
  • a thermoelectric voltage is thus caused between the electrode and the part.
  • This thermoelectric voltage is clearly associated with a temperature difference between the electrode and the part.
  • the cooling of the electrode of the welding machine is preferably monitored with the thermoelectric voltage measured before the start of the welding time interval.
  • a temperature of the electrode is determined as the monitoring variable and when a predetermined value is exceeded, i.e. at a temperature higher than a predetermined reference temperature, concluded a defect in the cooling of the electrode.
  • Monitoring of the cooling is also possible with the thermo-electrical voltage measured after the welding time interval or a combination of a signal measured before and after the welding time interval.
  • This period of time in which the welding machine presses the parts together after the end of the welding time interval, is preferably monitored by means of a thermoelectric voltage measured after the welding time interval. It is monitored whether the time is long enough to produce a spot weld connection of sufficient quality. The time period is judged to be sufficiently long if, with the monitoring variable determined from the thermo-electrical voltage, the temperature profile, a point
  • Solidification heat released from the welded joint which reflects the solidification of the area melted between the parts, is detected.
  • This monitoring therefore provides a criterion for assessing whether the period is sufficiently long.
  • the welding machine feed an electrical power during the welding time interval, which enables a region to be melted and thereby a firm connection between the parts.
  • This fed power is advantageously monitored via a thermo-electrical voltage measured after the end of the welding time interval.
  • the electrical power is assessed as sufficient if a solidification heat released in the spot weld connection exceeds a predetermined value.
  • the invention is based on the fact that the value of the heat of solidification released clearly reflects the size of the area melted between the parts.
  • the heat of solidification is advantageously determined via a temperature profile determined from the signal at the spot weld connection.
  • the method is particularly advantageous for monitoring a welding machine in which the spot weld connection is made with two electrodes arranged on opposite sides of the parts. An associated thermo-electrical voltage is measured between each of the two electrodes and the respectively assigned part and an average is formed from these two.
  • the mean value of the thermoelectric voltages can be formed without prior measurement of the individual signals.
  • the associated thermo is measured separately ⁇ electrical voltage, possibly with subsequent averaging. This mean then serves as a monitoring size.
  • an asymmetrical position of a melting zone between the parts is possible with two differently shaped electrodes.
  • the contact area of one electrode, the thin electrode, with the parts is advantageously smaller than the contact area of the other electrode, the thick electrode, with the parts.
  • the parts in the vicinity of the thin electrode are heated more than in the surroundings of the thick electrode.
  • the melting zone is closer to the thin than to the thick electrode. This can be of particular advantage when welding parts with different thicknesses.
  • the position of the melting zone depends, inter alia, on the ratio of the contact area of the thin electrode to the contact area of the thick electrode.
  • a change in the contact area of the thin electrode in particular an enlargement due to wear and tear, which may be caused by a sequence of a plurality of welds, can be determined by comparing the position of the melting zone with reference welds.
  • a reference welding is carried out, for example, for a constant, known ratio of the contact areas and precisely known parameters of the welding machine.
  • a separate measurement of the thermoelectric voltages of the electrodes after the end of the welding time interval results in a reference temperature curve at the respective one
  • Electrode determined The two reference temperature profiles indicate the ratio of the contact areas, so that if the contact area of the thick electrode is known, the contact area of the thin electrode is also known, and vice versa. About the location of the melting zone, which, for example, from the
  • Temperature profiles at the electrodes can be determined, in particular by comparison with reference welds, it is advantageous to monitor the wear of at least one of the electrodes.
  • thermo-electrical voltage measured outside the welding time interval can optionally be supplemented with a welding signal measured during the welding time interval, for example the welding voltage or the welding current.
  • This welding signal can be used, for example, to determine the entire power fed into the parts during the welding time interval or the electrical resistance between the electrodes and the parts. In combination with the thermo-electrical voltage measured outside the welding time interval, this provides further information for monitoring the welding machine.
  • the method for regulating the welding machine in particular when producing a plurality of spot welding connections. Regulation takes place via the information about the welding machine obtained from the thermo-electric voltage measured outside the welding time interval and, if applicable, from the information about the welding machine which is determined from the welding signal measured during the welding time interval.
  • a control of the welding machine is particularly advantageous for the flawless and rapid execution of the welds. Controlling the welding machine in such a way that the spot-welded connections produced with the chronological sequence of welds are of sufficient quality makes a subsequent quality check unnecessary and, moreover, significantly reduces the reject.
  • thermoelectric voltage is used directly for quality assessment. pulled and the control of the welding machine can be designed so that a new weld is made dependent on the quality of the previous welds.
  • a signal measured before the welding time interval for example a leakage voltage, is used to control the switching on of the welding current.
  • the signal is used to determine whether the electrical contact between the electrode and the part touching it, given the setting of the welding machine, is sufficient to produce a spot weld connection of sufficient quality. If the contact is sufficient, the welding current is switched on.
  • a defect in the cooling of the electrode which may be determined at the same time, can also be used as a criterion for interrupting the sequence of welds.
  • thermo-electrical voltage measured after the end of the welding time interval is used to regulate certain parameters of the welding machine, for example the time period in which the parts are pressed against one another, or the electrical line fed in during the welding time interval.
  • the parameters are regulated so that a spot weld connection of sufficient quality is produced with the weld, in particular if there is sufficient electrical contact between the electrode and the parts. This is particularly advantageous in automated production processes since it can significantly increase productivity.
  • a parameter of the welding machine a during the
  • Welding time interval measured welding signal can be used.
  • a device with at least one measuring device which can be connected between the parts to be welded to one another and the electrode, in particular a voltage measuring device and a measuring device, is advantageously suitable for carrying out the method.
  • This evaluation and control device connected downstream of this.
  • the measuring device and the evaluation and control device can be arranged at some distance from the spot weld connection, for example in a housing belonging to the welding machine.
  • the evaluation and control device can be provided for storing the measured signals or the measurement results derived from these signals and for transmitting the signal or the measurement results.
  • a device for carrying out the method together with the welding machine and the parts to be welded is shown schematically in the drawing, only the components necessary for the explanation of the drawing being shown.
  • Two parts 1, 2, for example steel sheets, are connected to one another by spot welding, in that two electrodes 3, 4, which consist, for example, of copper, are brought into contact opposite one another with the parts 1, 2 pressed by the welding machine .
  • a welding current generated by an alternating current source 9 is introduced via the electrodes 3, 4 into the parts 1, 2 to be welded together. This creates the spot weld connection 5.
  • the parts 1, 2 are permanently connected to one another.
  • the strength of the welding current is measured during the welding time interval using an ammeter 6.
  • the voltage measuring devices 7, 8 measure an electrical voltage, in particular a thermoelectric voltage or a leakage voltage that corresponds to a leakage current.
  • the measured electrical voltage is fed to an evaluation and control device 10.
  • a thermoelectric voltage is separated from a leakage voltage and from the thermoelectric voltage a temperature at the spot weld 5 before and after the welding time interval certainly.
  • the temperature before the start of the welding time interval is used to monitor the cooling of the electrodes 3, 4, and the temperature determined after the end of the welding time interval is used to measure the solidification of the melt present in the spot weld connection 5, as a result of which the spot weld connection 5 electrical power fed in during the welding time interval and the time period in which the parts are pressed together are monitored.
  • the monitoring results determined in the evaluation and control device 10 are fed to the welding machine to control the welding machine, for example, a switch device 11 of the welding machine, the beginning of the welding time interval, the length of the welding time interval ⁇ and the welding current and / or a welding voltage being regulated can be.
  • the monitoring results can also be fed to a device (not shown here) for pressing the parts 1, 2 together, the time period in which the parts 1, 2 are pressed together being regulated. It is understood that the measured signals, which are passed through the ammeter 6 and the voltage measuring devices 7, 8 as well as the information derived therefrom, can be forwarded to a data processing device which, for the sake of clarity, cannot be shown. Storage of the information for subsequent analysis of the weld, in particular in the case of a rapid sequence of welds, is also advantageous.
  • the method is characterized by a very low outlay in terms of apparatus in the vicinity of the spot weld connection and by a particularly simple feasibility.
  • the method is suitable for monitoring the functioning of the welding machine and for regulating the welding process, with the manufacturing process accelerating and the committee is significantly reduced, which can increase productivity.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Resistance Welding (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention a pour objet un procédé de surveillance d'une machine à souder produisant une soudure par point entre deux pièces devant être assemblées par soudage au moyen d'au moins une électrode en contact avec l'une des pièces. A cet effet, un courant de soudage traverse les pièces pendant un intervalle de soudage. En dehors de l'intervalle de soudage, une tension thermoélectrique servant de base pour la surveillance de la machine à souder est mesurée entre l'électrode et les pièces. La tension thermoélectrique permet d'obtenir des informations sur la machine à souder, par exemple sur le refroidissement des électrodes ou des pièces, le temps pendant lequel les deux pièces sont pressées l'une contre l'autre, ou la puissance électrique apportée. Ces informations peuvent être utilisées pour la surveillance et la régulation de l'opération de soudage, en particulier dans un processus de fabrication automatisé nécessitant un grand nombre de points de soudure.
PCT/DE1994/001291 1993-11-11 1994-11-02 Procede de surveillance d'une machine a souder, application dudit procede pour la regulation de la machine a souder et dispositif permettant l'application dudit procede Ceased WO1995013163A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
KR1019960702465A KR960705651A (ko) 1993-11-11 1994-11-02 용접기계의 모니터링 방법, 용접기계의 조정을 위한 상기 방법의 용도 및 상기 방법을 실시하기 위한 장치(method of monitoring a welding machine, use of the said method to regulate the welding machine and a device for carrying out the said method)
JP7513523A JPH09504741A (ja) 1993-11-11 1994-11-02 溶接機械の監視方法、溶接機械を調節するための本方法の応用ならびに本方法を実施するための装置
EP94931506A EP0728054A1 (fr) 1993-11-11 1994-11-02 Procede de surveillance d'une machine a souder, application dudit procede pour la regulation de la machine a souder et dispositif permettant l'application dudit procede
US08/645,243 US5742023A (en) 1993-11-11 1996-05-13 Method for monitoring a welding machine, method for regulating the welding machine and device for carrying out the method

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEP4338449.8 1993-11-11
DE4338449A DE4338449C2 (de) 1993-11-11 1993-11-11 Verfahren zur Überwachung einer Schweißmaschine, Anwendung des Verfahrens zur Regelung der Schweißmaschine sowie Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1995013163A1 true WO1995013163A1 (fr) 1995-05-18

Family

ID=6502301

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/DE1994/001291 Ceased WO1995013163A1 (fr) 1993-11-11 1994-11-02 Procede de surveillance d'une machine a souder, application dudit procede pour la regulation de la machine a souder et dispositif permettant l'application dudit procede

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US5742023A (fr)
EP (1) EP0728054A1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH09504741A (fr)
KR (1) KR960705651A (fr)
DE (1) DE4338449C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO1995013163A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

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US7291803B2 (en) 2003-06-26 2007-11-06 Erdogan Karakas Method and device to obtain information to evaluate the quality of a resistance welding connection and/or to control or regulate a resistance welding method

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US7196290B2 (en) * 2003-06-02 2007-03-27 Planet Products Corporation Heat sealer with platen surface temperature sensor and load sensor
US8455784B2 (en) * 2008-05-07 2013-06-04 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Method and system for welding workpieces
US9463522B2 (en) * 2012-04-05 2016-10-11 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Drawn arc welding
US9314878B2 (en) * 2013-09-12 2016-04-19 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Non-destructive aluminum weld quality estimator
US10539604B2 (en) * 2017-05-08 2020-01-21 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Methods and apparatus for detecting leakage current

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WO1992010326A1 (fr) * 1990-12-13 1992-06-25 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Procede et dispositif pour le controle de la qualite d'assemblages soudes par points
EP0610148A1 (fr) * 1993-02-01 1994-08-10 Paul Leon Mesure de la température lors d'une opération de soudage ou de sertissage

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FR2490129A1 (fr) * 1980-09-17 1982-03-19 Aro Procede et installation de controle du contact entre des electrodes de soudage par resistance et une piece a souder, et du serrage desdites electrodes sur la piece
WO1992010326A1 (fr) * 1990-12-13 1992-06-25 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Procede et dispositif pour le controle de la qualite d'assemblages soudes par points
EP0610148A1 (fr) * 1993-02-01 1994-08-10 Paul Leon Mesure de la température lors d'une opération de soudage ou de sertissage

Cited By (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7291803B2 (en) 2003-06-26 2007-11-06 Erdogan Karakas Method and device to obtain information to evaluate the quality of a resistance welding connection and/or to control or regulate a resistance welding method

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
KR960705651A (ko) 1996-11-08
JPH09504741A (ja) 1997-05-13
US5742023A (en) 1998-04-21
DE4338449C2 (de) 1997-03-06
EP0728054A1 (fr) 1996-08-28
DE4338449A1 (de) 1995-05-18

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