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WO1994029662A1 - Methode et appareil d'enlevement des depots des parois d'une installation de traitement - Google Patents

Methode et appareil d'enlevement des depots des parois d'une installation de traitement Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1994029662A1
WO1994029662A1 PCT/FI1994/000248 FI9400248W WO9429662A1 WO 1994029662 A1 WO1994029662 A1 WO 1994029662A1 FI 9400248 W FI9400248 W FI 9400248W WO 9429662 A1 WO9429662 A1 WO 9429662A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
medium
deposit
boundary surface
detaching
gas
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/FI1994/000248
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Ossi Ikonen
Timo Ojamies
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ahlstrom Corp
Original Assignee
Ahlstrom Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ahlstrom Corp filed Critical Ahlstrom Corp
Priority to AU68474/94A priority Critical patent/AU6847494A/en
Publication of WO1994029662A1 publication Critical patent/WO1994029662A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
    • F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
    • F22B37/48—Devices or arrangements for removing water, minerals or sludge from boilers ; Arrangement of cleaning apparatus in boilers; Combinations thereof with boilers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28G—CLEANING OF INTERNAL OR EXTERNAL SURFACES OF HEAT-EXCHANGE OR HEAT-TRANSFER CONDUITS, e.g. WATER TUBES OR BOILERS
    • F28G1/00—Non-rotary, e.g. reciprocated, appliances
    • F28G1/16—Non-rotary, e.g. reciprocated, appliances using jets of fluid for removing debris
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28G—CLEANING OF INTERNAL OR EXTERNAL SURFACES OF HEAT-EXCHANGE OR HEAT-TRANSFER CONDUITS, e.g. WATER TUBES OR BOILERS
    • F28G13/00—Appliances or processes not covered by groups F28G1/00 - F28G11/00; Combinations of appliances or processes covered by groups F28G1/00 - F28G11/00
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28G—CLEANING OF INTERNAL OR EXTERNAL SURFACES OF HEAT-EXCHANGE OR HEAT-TRANSFER CONDUITS, e.g. WATER TUBES OR BOILERS
    • F28G9/00—Cleaning by flushing or washing, e.g. with chemical solvents

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for removing deposits from the walls of process equipment.
  • the invention relates to a method and an apparatus for removing deposits collected on the walls of equipment used in the treatment of hot process gases. More specifically expressed, the present invention relates to a method described in the preamble of the first patent claim.
  • the present invention relates also to an apparatus defined more closely in the preamble of patent claim 8.
  • Heat transfer is very common as a gas treatment stage; gases are either heated or cooled.
  • heat exhangers are used to effect transfer of heat between the gas and a heat transfer medium.
  • heat transfer surfaces are usually easily fouled since the gases are very seldom so clean that they do not foul the heat exchange surfaces at all while passing them.
  • other surfaces such as the walls of flow channels which come in contact with gas may be fouled. This fouling of other surfaces may also be undesirable because they also may be constructed to serve as surfaces to be cooled or generally heat transfer surfaces. In some cases particularly the gas inlet conduit of the chamber in which the cooling of the gas is effected is very prone to collect deposits.
  • U.S. patent 4,765,394 discloses a device for cleaning heat transfer surfaces in which the heat transfer surface is made of parallel cooling tubes. The supply of cleaning medium has been arranged so that the cleaning medium supplied at one wall is sprayed substantially onto the opposite wall. In this kind of arrangement remarkable amounts of cleaning agent must be used and also the feed must be arranged intensive enough to extend its cleaning effect onto the wall to be cleaned. Also U.S. patent 4,617,988 discloses a solution for keeping the surfaces clean. The essential feature in the methods disclosed in both the U.S.
  • the cleaning medium is supplied explicitly onto the outer surface of the desposit on the wall substantially opposite to the supply nozzle; thus the cleaning medium is not brought directly to the boundary layer between the deposit and the carrying surface in which the adhering of the deposit has taken place but to the outer surface of the deposit.
  • EP 0 291 115 discloses a gas cooler in which hot product gas is cooled in a cooler having a porous wall and next to this inside the cooler a flexible wall.
  • cooling medium is supplied through the porous wall to the space between the porous wall and the flexible wall the medium vaporizes and causes the flexible wall to bulge and the deposit to be detached from the flexible wall.
  • the solution described here is, however, complicated and requires special materials in order to ensure reliable operation. Special materials and constructions are in most cases very expensive and may also be easily broken.
  • CA patent 1,265,784, US patent 5,029,556 and FI patent 84841 dislose a few exemplary applications of the present invention; the above publications are here referred to by way of example in order to clarify the broad field in which the present invention is applicable.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a new method and apparatus distinguishing essentially from the prior art for detaching deposits from and for preventing the formation of deposits on the surfaces of process equipment.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide a method and an apparatus for detaching deposits which is applicable in many kinds of processes and apparatus.
  • the present invention is based on the idea of first introducing detaching medium between the surface of the equipment and the boundary surface of the deposit and then detaching a deposit from the surface by providing a force pushing the surfaces apart, the force preferably being caused by an increase in the volume of the detaching medium, by a change in the temperature of the boundary surface or by a so- called cylinder force of the pressure of a liquid/gas, or by for example a hydraulic device.
  • the apparatus according to the present invention is mainly characterized by what is defined in the characterizing portion of the appended patent claim 10.
  • boundary surface means in this context the area which is formed by a carrying surface such as the surface of the wall of for example a heat exchanger or some other equipment, and by the deposit collected thereon, and on which said carrying surface and the materials of the deposit contact or are in such close proximity with each other that the adhering mechanism of the deposit can be acted on by means of a medium and/or a mechanical force.
  • medium means, if not otherwise defined, any substance or mixture performing the task assigned to it in this application; the substance or mixture may consist for example of several phases or substances, it may be liquid or gas or a mixture of these.
  • the medium may be inert or in the conditions of the boundary surface reactive, for example a combustible substance or mixture.
  • the equipment surface which may comprise for example flow ducts such as tubes connected to each other by fins may be kept clean by introducing medium to the boundary surface of the surface of the equipment and the deposit so that the medium is in direct contact with both the surface and the deposit and that the behaviour of the medium in the conditions prevailing in the boundary surface results in conditions being created in the boundary surface which conditions produce a force pushing the surface of the equipment and the deposit apart from each other.
  • This particularly applicable method is very effective especially in cases in which the deposit is porous whereby the medium penetrates deeper in the deposit.
  • This preferred embodiment of the invention may be practiced by providing in the wall, which preferably consists of tubes connected to each other with fins to form a gas-tight structure, the fins connecting the tubes have been provided with means for transporting the medium through the fin.
  • the idea of the present invention may be applied also to other types of wall structures than to the one described above.
  • mechanical or hydraulic devices may be used.
  • the force detaching the deposit and pushing the surface apart may be provided by introducing medium to the area to be cleaned in the boundary surface of the deposit and the surface of the equipment; the medium may be chosen such that it vaporizes in the conditions of the boundary surface and thereby increases in volume and consequently produces an effect resembling an explosion whereby the deposit is detached from the surface.
  • the medium may also be a mixture which in the conditions prevailing in the boundary surface reacts either in an endothermic or an exothermic way with the result that the sudden change in the pressure and/or temperature thereby caused produces an explosion-like effect detaching the deposit from the surface.
  • the force detaching the deposit and pushing the surface apart may be provided by introducing medium to the area to be cleaned in the boundary surface of the deposit and the surface of the equipment at such pressure that the pressure is able to create a force strong enough to detach the deposit.
  • the detaching effect may also be produced by arranging by means of the medium the conditions in the boundary surface such that deformations take place in the boundary surface of the deposit which provide the required detaching force. This is preferably accomplished by a sudden change in the boundary surface temperature which may be brought about by evaporation of the medium.
  • the medium required for the detaching is preferably introduced directly in contact with the boundary surface formed by the deposit and the surface of the equipment by a method allowing even distribution of the medium.
  • the supply of the medium is effected so that the cross-sectional area of the medium flow increases in the flow direction thereof in the vicinity of the boundary surface.
  • This may be effected for example with a feeding means the feeding conduit of which expands just before the boundary surface when approaching the deposit. Thereby the deposit possibly collected in this area during the periods between the cleaning cycles is easily detached at the beginning of or during the cleaning cycle.
  • mechanical or hydraulic devices may be used with the medium.
  • the supply of the medium is effected via a nozzle, which permits introduction of the medium into the boundary surface, but closes immediately after the supply has ceased.
  • the nozzle operates as a back-flow barrier preventing the entry of the deposit material into the medium supply duct while the introduction of the medium is not activated. That way the present invention operates most reliably without a risk of clogging the supply nozzle and/or duct.
  • this aspect of the invention it is possible to operate the system as often, only, as needed without the risk of the nozzles getting clogged while not being used. This feature remarkably diminishes the amount of detaching medium used.
  • the nozzle in the introduction duct provides thus a unidirectional flow.
  • the nozzle is preferably provided with means closing the nozzle when the nozzle is not being used.
  • the nozzle functions so that it remains closed while the pressure in the duct does not exceed a certain level, above which the medium opens the nozzle. This is accomplished by providing the nozzle with a spring-loaded needle in which the spring functions as a counter force for the pressure of the medium.
  • the force detaching the deposit may be provided by combining mechanical thrust and one of the detaching mechanisms produced by a detaching medium described above.
  • medium is supplied to the boundary surface and after, simultaneously with or before the feeding of the medium the surface of the deposit in the immediate vicinity of the boundary surface is subjected to a thrust whereby the combined effect of the forces is very strong.
  • This kind of mechanical thrust may be provided for example by bringing a member transmitting power from a source of power through the wall directly against the surface of the deposit.
  • the source of power may be for example a device utilizing pressurized substance and yielding mechanical work such as a hydraulic or a pneumatic cylinder or a device driven by electricity.
  • the power is transmitted to be directed to the deposit preferably by a pin or a rod.
  • the cleaning effect may be directed directly to the boundary surface; the equipment required for carrying out the method are very simple, reliable in operation and their materials and constructions are economical and do not impose special requirements on the process; the method does not disturb the process; the apparatus according to the invention is easy to construct; the mediums used according to the method are easily available and safe to handle; the cleaning operation may easily be limited and adjusted to the area desired and carried out periodically; applicability to different processes and apparatus is very good; the method is very safe; the apparatus require little service and are simple to maintain.
  • Fig. 1 illustrates a waste heat boiler having an apparatus according to the invention installed therein for removal of fouling deposits
  • Fig. 2 illustrates section A - A of Fig. 1 which illustrates by way of example a preferred embodiment of the invention
  • Fig. 3 illustrates detail D of Fig. 2;
  • Fig. 4 illustrates another preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 5 illustrates an exemplary form of a nozzle for introducing detaching medium according to the present invention. Best Modes for Carrying out the Invention
  • Fig. 1 illustrates a waste heat boiler 1 supplied with gas via inlet 2.
  • the waste heat boiler has been provided with the required heat transfer surfaces by known methods but it is not necessary to illustrate them in this connection. While describing the invention here a waste heat boiler wall
  • the wall 3 has been chosen as an example to serve as the wall into which means 4 for transporting detaching medium to the boundary surface of the wall and the fouling deposit have been provided.
  • the method and the apparatus of the invention may of course by applied also to cleaning and keeping clean surfaces in contact with gases of other kinds of plants.
  • the medium may be distributed to the area to be cleaned exactly as required by the cleaning operation; thereby the surfaces to be cleaned may be divided into zones referred to in the Figure with reference numbers
  • each predetermined zone may thus be cleaned according to its individual need and also the number of points at which medium is supplied to the surface may be chosen as required.
  • resources are not spent in the cleaning any more than is necessary; i.e. the cleaning is carried out optimally and no unnecessary amounts of the medium or its reaction products end up in the gases.
  • the medium used for the detaching is supplied via distribution means 5 which preferably comprise means for raising the pressure of the medium and keeping the pressure at an adequately high level; in some applications for example water pumped from a tank may be used. Distribution of the medium into different zones may be effected with regulating members 6 controllable for example by signals from a process computer.
  • the gases cooled in the waste heat boiler are lead on via outlet 7 for further treatment.
  • Figure 2 illustrates section A - A of Fig. 1 depicting more closely a wall 20 of a waste heat boiler provided with a supply means 23 according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • the wall structure illustrated in Fig. 2 comprises, for tranporting the heat transfer medium, ducts 21 connected with each other by fins 24 in such a way the they preferably form a gas-tight wall.
  • the fins between the ducts have been provided with means 23 for supplying the medium to the boundary surface between the deposit 24 and the wall 20.
  • the medium to be used is selected from a group of substances comprising for example the following substances and mixtures thereof: water, steam, fuel or other oil, liquid gas, natural gas, methane or other hydrocarbon gas.
  • the present ivention provides a possibility to use practically any desired liquid or gas as the detaching medium.
  • the medium is brought to the supply means by a distribution duct 25 and supplied further to the boundary surface to a desired depth by means 23 and/or 23'.
  • the conditions in the embodiment of Fig. 2 may preferably be as follows.
  • the gas temperature in the vicinity of the deposit is approx. 800 - 1000°C whereby the temperature of the heat transfer medium in the ducts 21 is preferably approx.
  • the water being supplied via means 23 to the boundary surface at a pressure of 6 - 20 bar, preferably 10 - 20 bar, whereby the volume of water to be used is very small.
  • the supply inlet provided in the surface 22 may in this embodiment have a diameter of 3 -
  • Figure 3 illustrates a preferred embodiment of the means 23, i.e. detail D of Figure 2.
  • the medium is supplied through wall 34 by means of a duct 33 in such a way that the medium is efficiently distributed to a wide area of the boundary surface.
  • Lead-through 35 in a wall 34 has preferably been formed to cause the cross-sectional diameter of the medium flow to increase towards the boundary surface.
  • Figure 3 illustrates a widening conical structure of a lead-through.
  • Duct 33 has been disposed tightly to the surface of the wall 34 preferably so that the cross-sectional area of the cone at the connection point is the same as that of the duct 33 at the connection point but widens therefrom in the flow direction of the medium.
  • Figure 3 further illustrates a member 36 for directing mechanical force to the deposit.
  • the member may be e.g.a rod or a bar or alike member.
  • the medium may be supplied either via a slot between the duct 33 and the member 36 or alternatively the member 36 itself may have been provided with means 37 for supplying the medium.
  • it is advantageous to start supplying the medium before activating the mechanical member whereby due to the effect of the medium the share of the mechanical force in the detaching of the deposit is reduced.
  • Figure 4 illustrates yet another embodiment of the invention in which ducts 41 transporting the heat transfer medium have been connected to each other with fins 44 so that the ducts and the fins form a preferably gas-tight wall.
  • the fins between the ducts have been provided with means 43, 43', preferaby nozzles, for supplying the detaching medium to a boundary surface between a deposit 46 and the wall 44.
  • the medium is supplied to the supply means via distribution duct 45 and supplied further to the boundary surface via means 43 and/or 43'.
  • mechanical power transmission means 410 and 410' have been provided in the wall to detach the deposit, the power for the means 410 and 410' being provided from power sources 411 and 411', respectively.
  • the power source may be any known apparatus capable of producing the movement and adequate force of the power transmission means to be directed on the deposit.
  • a hydraulic or a pneumatic cylinder, an electric power engine etc, may be mentioned as examples.
  • the supply of the detaching medium and the mechanical force may be arranged as separate systems 43 and 410 or as a combined system 43', 410' whereby the space requirement is remarkably smaller.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a nozzle, which permits introduction of the medium into the boundary surface, but closes immediately after the supply has ceased.
  • a nozzle 51 is provided with a duct 53 for supplying the detaching medium to an opening 61 controlled by a needle 59.
  • the opening may be opened and closed by means of the needle 59. Since the opening is relatively small, even having a diameter of 1 - 3 mm, the entry of any deposits is efficiently prevented when the opening is closed.
  • the spring 56 keeps the needle at a position closing the opening 61.
  • the pressure of the medium is increased pressure is create towards a collar 65 compressing the spring being supported by a plate 57 in a space 55, thus releasing the needle from the opening 61.
  • the nozzle may be designed to be activated at suitable pressure for each application; the activation pressure range may be very wide, e.g. 5 - 150 bar, the pressure being selected according to the properties and behaviour of the deposit of the process and the location in question.
  • the activating pressure may be easily selected by providing the nozzle with a suitable spring.
  • the nozzles may be attached to the means (23, 33, 43) for supplying the medium to the boundary surface as described in Figures 2, 3 or 4.
  • the nozzle due to the rigid construction of the nozzle, it may even be combined with the member (36, 410) for directing mechanical force to the deposit as described in connection with Figures 3 or 4.
  • the conduit 53 is connected to e.g. a duct 410 of Figure 4.
  • the nozzle In the embodiment of Figure 5 there is only one opening 61 shown, but it is possible to arrange the nozzle to be such that several openings are provided.
  • the opening 61 has a form of a cone for the same reasons as disclosed in connection with Figure 3.
  • the design of the nozzle contributes to the flow pattern of the spray produced; this is a useful feature if the nozzle is desired to be used e.g. for cleaning the heat exchangers when the deposit has been removed.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Cleaning In General (AREA)

Abstract

La méthode visée par la présente invention repose sur le principe selon lequel des dépôts peuvent être détachés d'une surface en appliquant à la surface mitoyenne de la surface de l'appareil et de celle des dépôts une force tendant à repousser celles-ci l'une de l'autre, cette force résultant de préférence d'un accroissement du volume du milieu, d'un changement de température de la surface mitoyenne ou de ce qu'il est convenu d'appeler la force de cylindre générée par la pression d'un liquide ou d'un gaz ou, par exemple, d'un dispositif hydraulique. L'appareil visé par la présente invention comporte un dispositif d'apport dudit milieu et de création de la force de détachement à la surface mitoyenne des dépôts et de la surface porteuse.
PCT/FI1994/000248 1993-06-11 1994-06-09 Methode et appareil d'enlevement des depots des parois d'une installation de traitement Ceased WO1994029662A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU68474/94A AU6847494A (en) 1993-06-11 1994-06-09 Method and apparatus for removing deposits from the walls of process equipment

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI932704 1993-06-11
FI932704A FI932704A7 (fi) 1993-06-11 1993-06-11 Menetelmä ja laite kerrostumien poistamiseksi prosessilaitteiden seinämiltä

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1994029662A1 true WO1994029662A1 (fr) 1994-12-22

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Family Applications (1)

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PCT/FI1994/000248 Ceased WO1994029662A1 (fr) 1993-06-11 1994-06-09 Methode et appareil d'enlevement des depots des parois d'une installation de traitement

Country Status (3)

Country Link
AU (1) AU6847494A (fr)
FI (1) FI932704A7 (fr)
WO (1) WO1994029662A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2000017576A1 (fr) * 1998-09-23 2000-03-30 C S Energy Ltd. Systeme d'elimination de la magnetite exfoliee et refroidissement avec force controlable pour chaudieres

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3269365A (en) * 1964-10-20 1966-08-30 Combustion Eng Vapor generator furnace wall deslagger
US3273543A (en) * 1964-10-20 1966-09-20 Combustion Eng Furnace wall blower improvement
US3541999A (en) * 1968-09-11 1970-11-24 Foster Wheeler Corp Apparatus and process for slag deposit removal
US4503811A (en) * 1981-12-29 1985-03-12 The Babcock & Wilcox Company Method and apparatus for removing deposits from highly heated surfaces
US4617988A (en) * 1983-04-08 1986-10-21 Krupp-Koppers Gmbh Soot blower for the removal of deposits from surfaces of heat exchangers or the like
FR2589987A1 (fr) * 1985-11-13 1987-05-15 Charbonnages De France Perfectionnements aux chaudieres a tube foyer horizontal brulant du charbon pulverise
EP0291115A2 (fr) * 1987-05-14 1988-11-17 Shell Internationale Researchmaatschappij B.V. Méthode et dispositif pour refroidir un gaz chaud

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3269365A (en) * 1964-10-20 1966-08-30 Combustion Eng Vapor generator furnace wall deslagger
US3273543A (en) * 1964-10-20 1966-09-20 Combustion Eng Furnace wall blower improvement
US3541999A (en) * 1968-09-11 1970-11-24 Foster Wheeler Corp Apparatus and process for slag deposit removal
US4503811A (en) * 1981-12-29 1985-03-12 The Babcock & Wilcox Company Method and apparatus for removing deposits from highly heated surfaces
US4617988A (en) * 1983-04-08 1986-10-21 Krupp-Koppers Gmbh Soot blower for the removal of deposits from surfaces of heat exchangers or the like
FR2589987A1 (fr) * 1985-11-13 1987-05-15 Charbonnages De France Perfectionnements aux chaudieres a tube foyer horizontal brulant du charbon pulverise
EP0291115A2 (fr) * 1987-05-14 1988-11-17 Shell Internationale Researchmaatschappij B.V. Méthode et dispositif pour refroidir un gaz chaud

Non-Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
DERWENT'S ABSTRACT, No. 83-733289/32, week 8332; & SU,A,962 745, (KOTLOOCHISTKA BOILE), 30 Sept 1982. *
DERWENT'S ABSTRACT, No. B4296B/07, week 7907; & SU,A,599 147, (URALS BR THERM TECH), 24 March 1978. *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, Vol. 10, No. 326, M-532; & JP,A,61 130 798, (BABCOCK HITACHI K.K.) 18 June 1986. *

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2000017576A1 (fr) * 1998-09-23 2000-03-30 C S Energy Ltd. Systeme d'elimination de la magnetite exfoliee et refroidissement avec force controlable pour chaudieres
US6523502B1 (en) 1998-09-23 2003-02-25 C S Energy Ltd Exfoliated magnetite removal system and controllable force cooling for boilers

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU6847494A (en) 1995-01-03
FI932704L (fi) 1994-12-12
FI932704A7 (fi) 1994-12-12
FI932704A0 (fi) 1993-06-11

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