[go: up one dir, main page]

WO1994026501A1 - Poteaux supports de lignes electriques - Google Patents

Poteaux supports de lignes electriques Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1994026501A1
WO1994026501A1 PCT/CA1994/000206 CA9400206W WO9426501A1 WO 1994026501 A1 WO1994026501 A1 WO 1994026501A1 CA 9400206 W CA9400206 W CA 9400206W WO 9426501 A1 WO9426501 A1 WO 9426501A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pole
layer
fibers
support pole
pole according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CA1994/000206
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Kenneth Church
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Faroex Ltd
Original Assignee
Faroex Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Faroex Ltd filed Critical Faroex Ltd
Priority to AU65615/94A priority Critical patent/AU6561594A/en
Publication of WO1994026501A1 publication Critical patent/WO1994026501A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H12/00—Towers; Masts or poles; Chimney stacks; Water-towers; Methods of erecting such structures
    • E04H12/02—Structures made of specified materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C53/00—Shaping by bending, folding, twisting, straightening or flattening; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C53/56—Winding and joining, e.g. winding spirally
    • B29C53/58—Winding and joining, e.g. winding spirally helically
    • B29C53/583—Winding and joining, e.g. winding spirally helically for making tubular articles with particular features
    • B29C53/587—Winding and joining, e.g. winding spirally helically for making tubular articles with particular features having a non-uniform wall-structure, e.g. with inserts, perforations, locally concentrated reinforcements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C53/00—Shaping by bending, folding, twisting, straightening or flattening; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C53/80—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C53/8008—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations specially adapted for winding and joining
    • B29C53/805—Applying axial reinforcements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/766—Poles, masts, posts

Definitions

  • This invention relates to an electricity power transmission line and particularly to an improved pole construction for supporting the line.
  • Conventional support poles for electricity power transmission lines, street lamps and the like are formed from steel, concrete or wood.
  • Wooden poles have the advantages that they are natural, of very low cost for relatively short poles and are readily drillable for attachment of various mounting brackets and the like. In addition wooden poles effectively dampen vibration of the pole to resist galloping of the wires caused by vibration at a natural frequency.
  • the wood poles are however relatively weak for the weight of material and have a significant problem with deterioration. The use of preservatives can prevent deterioration but leads to environmental problems. While wooden poles are very hard to displace at short lengths for the significant cost advantages, longer lengths of pole become very expensive due to the unavailability of trees of the required dimensions.
  • Concrete poles are very strong and relatively flexible but have the significant disadvantage of being very heavy, brittle and difficult to drill.
  • the total cost of an installed pole is also dependent upon the cost of transportation and on site installation of the pole and concrete in view of its great weight significantly increases the costs in these areas.
  • Steel poles are very strong and flexible but have the significant disadvantages of rusting, high cost and being electrically conductive. This leads to increased costs in relation to the insulators necessary to seperate the power cables from the electrically conductive metal pole.
  • the Shakespeare pole is manufactured by filament winding techniques in which fibers impregnated with resin are wrapped helically around a central mandrel to form a wall thickness of the required amount.
  • the central mandrel is then removed after curing of the resin to leave the finished pole which can then be coated by various techniques to provide an attractive and resistant outer surface.
  • Patent 4,803,819 (Kelsey) and described in a paper dated 1987 relating to a product designed by 3-P Industries Inc. of Toms River NJ.
  • This arrangement provides a pole of constant transverse cross section which is an essential result of the pultrusion process.
  • a complex cross section is necessary including transverse webs both internally and externally of a main longitudinal cylindrical shape of the pole. It is understood that this arrangement has not achieved significant commercial success.
  • the constant cross section of pultruded poles of this type is unsatisfactory since it does not maximize the strength to weight characteristics and since the constant cross section thus formed is significantly less resistant to damaging vibrations than are tapered poles.
  • the limited amount of transverse fibers that can be included significantly reduces the resistance of the pole to transverse collapse thus requiring the complex transverse elements of the cross section which are difficult and expensive to manufacture.
  • Filament winding provides another technique for providing both the longitudinal and transverse fibers.
  • the fibers are wound helically about the central axis of the pole. It is of course possible to control the helix angle so that at some point along the length of the pole the helix angle is very shallow that is close to 90° to the axis. At other points along the length of the pole, the helix can be stretched out to approximate to longitudinal fibers.
  • the shape and wall thickness of the pole can be varied again to maximize strength both in relation to the taper of the pole and the thickness of the wall of the pole at various positions along the length of the pole.
  • these techniques have failed to produce an acceptable pole suitable for carrying electric power cables and the only commercial development is the Shakespeare pole described above. This arrangement is shown in a catalogue of Shakespeare which shows the various products available. A further example is shown in a paper published in October 1980 which refers to a pole of this type manufactured by W.J. Whatley Inc. of Commerce City CO.
  • Another technique for manufacturing fiber reinforced plastic material is the lay-up technique in which chopped fibers are applied in a resin material to a supporting surface generally in random manner. This technique certainly does not maximize the strength characteristics of the fibers and is by itself totally unsuitable for manufacture of products such as poles which require maximization of the structural strength.
  • U.S. Patent 4,769,967 and 4,878,984 disclose a technique for manufacturing a pole for supporting electrical power transmission lines which includes the combination of an inner pultruded structure around which is applied a filament wound layer.
  • This construction necessarily provides a pole which is initially of constant cross section even though it may be possible to vary the thickness of the filament wound layer to provide some degree of taper.
  • the limitations of the initial pultrusion process prevent the maximization of the strength characteristics of the part.
  • Figure 1 of the paper refers to a number of techniques for manufacture of "fiberglass" poles that is poles of fiber reinforced plastic material. These include the following
  • Pole Number 8 is stated to provide the best stiffness.
  • poles of fiber reinforced plastics material which has the required structure to maximize structural strength.
  • poles of fiber reinforced plastics material necessarily provide the advantages of lightness, flexibility, reduced corrosion, non electrical conductiveness. The advantages are therefore readily available, the requirement however remains to provide a structure which can be manufactured economically, provide the required structural strength and competes with the other available materials in structural performance.
  • an electrically powered transmission line comprising at least one power cable and a plurality of support poles arranged at spaced positions along the length of the cable, each pole comprising a pole body which is shaped as a tapered, hollow frustum surrounding a straight longitudinal axis thus having a cross section which has a hollow interior and reduces in outside and inside dimensions from a lower end of the pole to an upper end of the pole body, the pole body being formed from a fiber reinforced plastics material, the pole body including a first layer which is reinforced by fibers wound substantially circumferentially of the axis and a second layer coaxial with the first layer which is reinforced by fibers extending generally longitudinally of the axis.
  • the tapered construction of the pole achieved by the present invention is effectively essential to provide the required structural strength and stiffness.
  • a tapered pole reduces the weight of the pole at the upper end thus reducing the requirement for strength at the lower end. More importantly the reduction in diameter of the pole at the upper end minimizes the wind contact area so as to minimize transverse loading. Furthermore the reduction in weight of the pole at the upper end reduces the momentum of any transverse flexing.
  • the stiffness of the pole to resist bending is of much greater importance than the longitudinal strength. In most cases the characteristics of the pole are measured by the stiffness, that is the degree of bending in response to a predetermined transverse load.
  • the tapered pole has significant advantages in damping transverse vibrations and this is essential for power lines where wind movement can cause "galloping" of the wires unless the vibrations in the pole are suitably dampened.
  • the longitudinal fibers extend directly parallel to the axis, that is, there is no helical twist. These fibers cannot be applied by the pultrusion technique in view of the taper of the pole and are very difficult to apply using known filament winding techniques or centrifugal casting techniques as described herein before.
  • the longitudinal fibers are covered on the outer surface thereof and on the inner surface thereof by transverse or circumferential fibers.
  • transverse fibers act to resist or prevent cracking of the part longitudinally which could otherwise occur should the longitudinal fibers be presented at a surface of the part as well as to resist buckling.
  • the transverse bending forces have little effect on such transverse fibers and hence are unlikely to generate such cracks at the surface.
  • Such transverse fibers are preferably applied by the circumferential winding technique but also could be applied simply by additional layer of woven mat or the like.
  • Filament winding is a technique in which a band of parallel rovings are brought to the mandrel lying in a plane longitudinal to the mandrel. The mandrel is then rotated so that the band is drawn circumferentially around the mandrel. Relative movement is then provided between the band and the mandrel gradually longitudinally of the axis.
  • the band thus is theoretically applied in a helical manner, but in practical terms some of the fibers may lie directly above previously laid fibers or may even move contrary to the longitudinal movement due to the tendency to fall back or to slip back and forth over one another. In some cases the helix angle can be increased.
  • the term "helically wound” is intended to refer to this type of filament winding and the term is intended to be synonymous with the term "circumferentially wound”.
  • the structure include three layers including the first layer on the inner surface of the structure which is helically wound.
  • the second layer is the longitudinal layer which is then applied on the outside surface of the first layer and surrounds the first layer.
  • the third layer is again a helical layer applied around the first layer. It is preferable that the first and third layers constitute the inner and outer layers respectively to provide the required hoop strength for the structure to prevent transverse collapse of the tubular body in a buckling mode.
  • each of the layers decreases in thickness from the lower end of the pole to the upper end.
  • the central or second layer may decrease in thickness and certainly decreases in volume of fiber. This is achieved by the technique of terminating some of the fibers which extend from the lower end at a position intermediate the length of the pole so as to gradually reduce the number of fibers extending along the length of the pole from a lower end to the upper end. Some of the fibers extend the full length of the pole while others therefore are cut off or terminated at a predetermined position short of the upper end. It will of course be appreciated that, since the diameter of the pole decreases from the lower to the upper end, the volume of fibers applied longitudinally must decrease proportionally or the thickness of the layer will increase.
  • Figure 1 is an isometric view of an electric power transmission line according to the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is side elevational view of a second embodiment of power transmission line according to the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a vertical cross sectional view through a pole according to the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a cross sectional view along the lines 4-4 of Figure 3.
  • Figure 5 is a cross sectional view similar to that of Figure 3 on a smaller scale showing the burial of the pole in the ground.
  • Figure 6 is a cross sectional view similar to that of Figure 4 showing a modified arrangement of the second layer including portions of increase thickness.
  • Figure 7 is a longitudinal cross sectional view through a further pole construction showing an alternative technique for forming the longitudinal fiber section.
  • Figure 8 is a cross sectional view along the lines 8-8 of Figure 7.
  • Figure 9 is a cross sectional view along the lines 9-9 of Figure 7.
  • Figure 10 is a cross sectional view along the lines 10-10 of Figure 7.
  • Figure 1 1 is a cross sectional through a pole of similar construction to that of Figure 7 showing a yet further arrangement for forming the longitudinal fiber section.
  • An electricity power transmission line is indicated generally at 10 in Figure 1 and includes power cables 1 1 mounted on pole structures 12 and 13.
  • the pole structures 12 and 13 comprise composite pole structures including seperate poles 14 and 15 and a transverse coupling frame generally indicated at 16.
  • an alternative form of pole structure for the transmission line is shown which includes a single pole 18 with three seperate arms 19, 20 and 21 .
  • Each of the poles 14, 1 5 and 18 is formed in the manner set forth hereinafter and is buried in the ground surface so as to stand vertically upwardly from the ground surface and supported by the ground.
  • the pole comprises a pole body 23 which is shaped as a frustum of circular cross section. Other cross sections, however can be used.
  • the body tapers in outside dimension from an upper end 24 to a lower end
  • the dimensions of the pole may be 60 feet in length tapering from a lower diameter of the order of 18 to 24 inches to an upper diameter of the order of 8 to 10 inches.
  • the thickness of the wall is of the order of 3/8 inch to 1 /2 inch. It will be appreciated that this thickness is relatively thin in comparison with the diameter. It is therefore possible that the thickness may also taper toward the upper end but this is not in any way essential.
  • a cap 28 is applied on the upper end 24 to provide a closure to prevent entry of water or other materials through the upper end.
  • the cap as shown includes a plug portion 29 extending into the hollow interior of the pole body 23 together with a top portion extending over the hollow interior and outwardly to cover the annular upper end of the pole body.
  • a lower part of the pole body is filled with a solid filler material 30 such as concrete or a foamed polymer and the like which extends from the lower end 25 to a height above the ground surface 31 .
  • a solid filler material 30 such as concrete or a foamed polymer and the like which extends from the lower end 25 to a height above the ground surface 31 .
  • the lower end of the pole is buried into the ground to a conventional depth suitable to support the pole wholly by its engagement with the ground and the concrete or other filler material fills the area of the pole up to the ground surface and beyond the ground surface so that the pole is prevent from receiving water on the interior which could act in a freeze/thaw cycle to cause cracking of the pole body.
  • a layer of sealant 32 which engages over the inside surface to a height of the solid filler material.
  • the sealant material 32 also extends as indicated at 32A around the exposed lower end of the body 23 so as to prevent the entry of moisture into the interstices in the body and wicking of the moisture along the length of the body which would again cause cracking of the part in a freeze/thaw cycle.
  • the hollow interior between the upper edge of the filler 30 and the underside of the cap 28 is filled with a lightweight foamed filler 33 which prevents further the entry of any materials into the hollow interior and which also provides some structural stability for the body 23.
  • a foamed filler 33 which prevents further the entry of any materials into the hollow interior and which also provides some structural stability for the body 23.
  • one process by which a tubular body can be broken is by transverse buckling collapse of the walls of the body thus allowing bending at the collapsed location. This transverse collapse is resisted by the foamed filler materials 30 and 33.
  • a single filler material can extend along the full length of the body and this will generally be of a light weight foamed material which resists the penetration of water and also provides some structural strength against buckling.
  • the sealant layer 32 may be provided only on the axial end face of the body at the lower end as indicated at 32A.
  • an outer layer 34 which is applied on the outer surface 26.
  • This outer layer is formed of a resin 35 and a particulate filler material 36.
  • the resin 35 is selected to be of a type which is resistant to combustion so that fires at the ground level will not cause combustion of the body 23 due to the resistance of the outside layer 34 as well as to in part suitable weathering resistance properties to the outside surface of the pole.
  • the height of the layer above the ground is selected to provide fire retardancy up to an expected height to which fire could reach in the circumstances of a brush fire or the like.
  • the filler material 36 can be of sand, glass flakes or the like which becomes exposed at the surface of the resin. This also acts as a fire retardant but also acts to reduce erosion or stripping of the resin at the surface due to soil movement in high winds and the like as well as imparting a weathering resistant outer surface with respect to UV exposure and subsequent erosion.
  • the body is formed from a plurality of layers including the sealant layer 32, a first filament wound layer 37, a second longitudinal layer 38, a third filament wound layer 39, and the outer layer 34.
  • an optional wrapping layer 40 can be provided outside the second longitudinal layer 38.
  • the structural strength of the body is formed from a composite of mainly the three layers 37, 38 and 39. Each of these layers varies in thickness so that the thickness of the layer gradually decreases from the lower end 25 to the upper end 24.
  • the layer is formed from filament wound reinforcing fibers which are impregnated with resin material so as to form a layer of fiber reinforced plastics material.
  • the filament wound fibers are wrapped around a longitudinal axis of the body generally by rotating a mandrel on which the body is formed about the axis 41 .
  • the fibers are laid generally circumferentially but with a slight helix angle only slightly differing from an angle directly at 90° to the axis 41 .
  • the fibers in the layer 37 are generally circumferential in direction rather than having any significant longitudinal components.
  • This layer thus provides circumferential hoop strength for the body.
  • the variation in thickness of the layers is obtained by reducing the number of wraps indicated at 42 and 43 in the layer 37 which thus gradually decreases along the length of the layer.
  • the layer 38 there is provided an impregnating resin and a plurality of supporting fibers 44, 45 and 46 which are shown of course only schematically.
  • the fibers are intended to have as their major component of direction a direction essentially longitudinal of the part.
  • some of the fibers indicated schematically at 44 extend from the lower end 25 of the body wholly along the full length of the body to the upper end 24.
  • the fibers 44 thus extend directly parallel to the axis 41 and lie in axial planes.
  • the fibers 44 as illustrated represent a series of fibers arranged at angularly spaced positions around the axis 41 within the layer 38.
  • the fibers illustrated at 45 and 46 represent a whole series of fibers spaced angularly around the axis 41 all of which terminate at the positions as shown. This provides in effect a series of groups of fibers all of which terminate at progressively group positions along the length of the body.
  • the fibers of the layer 38 are formed generally of a first type of fiber but in four zones 38A spaced angularly around the axis 41 a second type of fiber is blended with the first type. As shown schematically, there are four such zones of blended fibers arranged at the 1 2:00, 3:00, 6:00 and 9:00 positions. These positions correspond to directions longitudinal of and transverse to intended direction of the power cable.
  • the main bulk of the fibers in the layer 38 are formed from glass as these are inexpensive and provide generally satisfactory structural strength. However in the zones 38A fibers of a different type can be blended with the glass fibers to provide different strength/stretch characteristics.
  • glass fibers tend to have a low modulus of elasticity so that there may be in some cases a reduced dampening effect on transverse vibrations in the finished pole. This tendency can be improved by providing additional fibers of an increased elasticity in the zones 38A, bearing in mind that such fibers will be of significantly increased cost relative to the standard glass fibers.
  • Figure 6 is shown a further modified arrangement in which the layer 38 is increased in thickness at four zones corresponding to the longitudinal and transverse positions of the power cable. At these zones the number of longitudinal fibers is significantly increased so as to define a lobe on the outside surface of the body generated by this additional longitudinal fibers. In the embodiment shown there are four such lobes indicated at 38B. In an alternative arrangement only two such lobes may be provided either in the longitudinal or transverse positions in accordance with technical requirements to provide the desirable stiffness or resistance to bending.
  • the second layer 38 has an inner surface which is tapered, an outer surface which is also tapered and a thickness which varies. This layer cannot therefore be formed by pultrusion which of course requires a constant transverse cross section along the full length of the part.
  • the second layer is provided outside the inner layer which is already formed by the filament winding technique.
  • the third filament wound layer 39 is formed on the outside of the second longitudinal layer 38 and again extends along the full length of the body and is formed by helically wound fibers as described in relation to the inner layer 37.
  • the thickness of the third layer can be increased in the area of the outer layer 34 as shown in Figure 5 to provide an increased structural strength in that area and increased resistance to erosion.
  • the layer 39 has an increased thickness as indicated at 39A in a band at the top of the pole for receiving the transverse coupling members 16 or for receiving the support bars 19, 20, 21 .
  • the mounting arrangement for the coupling bars is not shown but could include a band clamped around the pole at the thickened band 39A and fastened thereto by a clamping action or by bolt and sleeve arrangement passing through the body 23.
  • the outer layer 34 is shown to extend along the full length of the body. However the outer layer can be modified at the height shown in Figure 5 in the particulate reinforced material to a simply a resin layer or resin rich layer on the outside of the layer 39.
  • Other coatings may be used such as epoxy, vinyl, polyester urethane, silicone simply to provide an attractive appearance and resistance to damage.
  • FIG 3 a modified technique for reinforcement of the internal structure of the body 23 and this comprises an elongate cable or rod 50 which carries a plurality of transverse discs 51 which are engaged against the inside surface 27.
  • the rod 50 can be a complete longitudinal rod extending along the full length of the pole.
  • the rod can be formed in segments with each segment attached to the underside of one disc and the upper side of the next adjacent disc.
  • Such an arrangement automatically spaces the discs at the required spacing along the length of the structure without the necessity of providing locating elements on the rod. These again therefore provide resistance to transverse collapse of the inside surface.
  • the body can be completely hollow from the cap down to the solid insert 30 with the necessary structural strength being provided solely by the layers 37, 38 and 39.
  • the length of the pole is preferably greater than 60 feet.
  • the cost of the composite materials is such that it is very difficult to compete with the very inexpensive wooden poles which are readily available.
  • this height the cost of wooden poles dramatically increases and in addition the increased cost of the composite material type pole provides sufficient advantages over the existing wooden poles to justify the increased cost. Shorter poles may be used in situations where the wooden poles are found to be a significant environment problem.
  • the layers can be formed by various techniques.
  • the inside layer 37 is formed on the outside surface of an existing mandrel which is subsequently intended to be removed from the structure.
  • the inside layer is thus fully formed by a filament wrapping technique, as is well known, along the full length of the mandrel from the lower end 25 to the upper end 24 of the pole.
  • the longitudinal layer 38 is then formed by laying the fibers longitudinally on the already formed inner layer 37 and cutting the groups 45, 46 as required.
  • the fibers can be laid longitudinally by grasping all of the fibers at the lower end just beyond the end of the body and the mandrel and then pulling the fibers longitudinally while cutting those fibers that need to be cut.
  • the wrapping layer 40 can then be applied behind the fibers as they are pulled longitudinally of the mandrel simply to hold the longitudinal fibers in place prior to the setting of the resin.
  • the third layer 39 can be applied by rotating the mandrel carrying the layers 37, 38 and 40 to apply the third structural layer.
  • Setting of the resin can be effected in three seperate stages or alternatively the three layers can be applied before the resin is set by selecting suitable time constants for the resin or by actuating the resin by heat or other known techniques.
  • the longitudinal fibers are applied by moving the mandrel carrying the inner layer 37 longitudinally of a wrapping station which applies fibers fully around the layer 37 as the mandrel moves longitudinally. Behind the station which applies the longitudinal fibers is provided a wrapping station which provides fibers of the wrapping layer 40 wrapped helically around the layer 38 to hold the fibers in place. Subsequently the layer 39 is applied by rotating the mandrel.
  • the longitudinal fibers can be laid up on the outer surface of the layer 37 by forming the fibers into a blanket which is then wrapped around the outer surface of the layer 37 and held in place by a wrapping system defined in layer 40.
  • the blanket may be carried by a sheet which is then removed before the wrapping layer 40 is applied.
  • the inner filament wound layer 37 and the outer filament wound layer 39 may be formed of fibers which are wrapped with a very shallow helix angle that is close to a plane at right angles to the axis of the pole, in some cases some or all of the fibers may be wrapped with a larger helix angle. This increased helix angle can assist in transmitting loads around the layer to resist buckling forces.
  • FIG. 7 an alternative arrangement is shown for forming the longitudinal fiber layer indicated generally at 60.
  • an inner layer 61 of helically wrapped fibers is provided on the inside surface of the layer 60 and in addition an outer layer 62 of helically wound fibers is applied on the outside surface of the longitudinal layer 60.
  • the further layers and reinforcement materials described herein before are omitted for convenience of illustration.
  • the longitudinal fiber layer is formed by a plurality of pultruded strips formed of fiber reinforced resin material.
  • the strips 63, 64, 65 etc. are formed into a stack having a width very much less than the circumference of the pole.
  • the stack will have a width W in the range 0.25 to 3.0 inches preferably of the order of 1 .5 inches.
  • Each strip in the stack has a thickness in the range 0.030 to 0.25 inches and preferably of the order of 0.05 inches so that approximately twelve strips are necessary at the base of the pole to complete the full thickness of the layer as indicated at T.
  • each of the strips forming the single stack has the same width W. In this way the cross section of the stack is rectangular.
  • the inner most one of the strips 63 extends along the full length of the pole and forms the full extent of the longitudinal layer.
  • the strips 64, 65 etc. are of reduced length relative to the strip 63 so as to form a staggered arrangement in which an outer most one of the strips indicated at 66 terminates at an upper end 67.
  • Each further strip inwardly of the outermost strip then terminates at an upper end of that strip with the upper ends being staggered along the length of the pole to gradually reduce the thickness of the longitudinal layer 60.
  • the continuous strips along the full length of the pole can be arranged on the outside of the stack.
  • continuous strips can be arranged on the inside and the outside to increase stability of the stack, with the shorter strips in between the inner and outer strips and therefore protected thereby. As the strips are thin, the discontinuities can be bridged without difficulty.
  • the spaces between the stacks can be filled with a foam such as a polyester foam which is compatible with the type of resin used with the fibers.
  • a foam such as a polyester foam which is compatible with the type of resin used with the fibers.
  • One type of polyester foam can be arranged to effect foaming without curing so that the foamed but uncured material can be inserted into the spaces and covered with the outer wrapping layer of fibers and resin while any uncured foam is simply displaced by the wrapping layer or absorbed by it.
  • the stacks of strips are arranged at spaced positions around the periphery of the pole. As the diameter of the pole tapers inwardly, the spacing between the stacks gradually decreases. Thus the spacing at Figure 8 is indicated at S1 and the spacing in Figure 9 at a position partway up the pole is indicated at S2. At the top of the pole as indicated in Figure 10, the spacing is reduced effectively to zero so that the edges of the strip 63 are effectively in contact as indicated at 63A thus forming effectively a continuous layer around the full periphery of the pole at the top end of the pole.
  • each stack is bonded together by suitable adhesive or resin material so as to form effectively an integral stack.
  • the inside surface of the layer 63 is bonded to the layer 61 and similarly the outside surface of the layer 66 is bonded to the outer layer 62.
  • the bonding can be effected using the resin material within which the fibers are embedded, with the time Constance of the setting of the resin being arranged to effect the bonding during the manufacturing process.
  • the alternative arrangement shown in Figure 1 1 is very similar to that of Figures 7 through 10 except that the longitudinal layer is formed from a plurality of longitudinal elements equivalent to the stacks of Figures 7 through 10.
  • the longitudinal elements are formed in wedge shape so that a single element 70 tapers from a lower end 71 to an upper end 72 with that taper being gradual and continuous along the full length of the element.
  • Such elements can be formed by cutting diagonally a pultruded bar of rectangular cross section. Thus the diagonal cutting forms two such elements one of which is then inverted so that the bottom end is the thicker end and the top end is the thinner end.
  • the cross section of the pole as shown in Figure 1 1 will therefore be very similar to that shown in Figures 8, 9 and 10 except that each longitudinal element 70 will not be formed from separate layers.
  • the layers of the stacks of Figure 7 and the individual elements of Figure 1 1 which are then cut to form the wedge shaped members are formed by pultrusion using conventional technique so that the reinforcing fibers of the layers and elements are directly longitudinal.
  • the layers thus defined above provide a totally unique structure for the composite fiber reinforced plastics material pole which cannot be formed by the conventional techniques of pultrusion, lay-up, filament winding or centrifugal casting techniques but require the directly longitudinal fiber placement as explained herein before.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)
  • Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)

Abstract

Poteaux en plastique renforcé de fibres pour lignes électriques et comportant une structure tronconique de diamètre allant en se réduisant et éventuellement dont l'épaisseur des parois va en diminuant de bas en haut. La structure se compose de trois couches séparées (37, 38, 39) toutes pouvant être d'épaisseur différente, y compris une couche intérieure (37) de filaments bobinés, une couche intermédiaire (38) de fibres à orientation longitudinale (44, 45, 46) et une couche extérieure (39) de filaments bobinés. Les fibres longitudinales (44, 45, 46) partent de la base et s'interrompent en des points déterminés (45A, 46A) de la longueur du poteau de façon à réduire graduellement le nombre de fibres dont seule une partie s'étend sur toute la longueur du poteau. Le poteau est enterré et rempli d'un matériau de charge (30) en un point situé au dessus du sol pour empêcher les entrées d'eau. Un revêtement (36) de résine ignifuge contenant un matériau antiérosif particulaire protège le poteau contre l'érosion du sol. Les fibres longitudinales peuvent se présenter sous une forme préaffilées (60, 70) s'étendant longitudinalement à des positions réparties autour de la circonférence du poteau et telles que les intervalles les séparant se réduisent de bas en haut.
PCT/CA1994/000206 1993-05-10 1994-05-05 Poteaux supports de lignes electriques Ceased WO1994026501A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU65615/94A AU6561594A (en) 1993-05-10 1994-05-05 Support pole for electricity power transmission line

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US5872093A 1993-05-10 1993-05-10
US058,720 1993-05-10

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1994026501A1 true WO1994026501A1 (fr) 1994-11-24

Family

ID=22018513

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/CA1994/000206 Ceased WO1994026501A1 (fr) 1993-05-10 1994-05-05 Poteaux supports de lignes electriques

Country Status (3)

Country Link
AU (1) AU6561594A (fr)
CA (1) CA2138781A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1994026501A1 (fr)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2448363A (en) * 2007-04-13 2008-10-15 3M Innovative Properties Co Tubular support of composite material
GB2448362A (en) * 2007-04-13 2008-10-15 3M Innovative Properties Co Tubular support of composite material
WO2011116967A1 (fr) * 2010-03-26 2011-09-29 Messier-Bugatti-Dowty Procede de fabrication d'un organe mecanique en materiau composite ayant une tenue mecanique accrue en traction-compression et en flexion
WO2011056366A3 (fr) * 2009-11-06 2011-10-06 Duratel, Llc Structures porteuses pultrudées pour câbles de distribution électrique
WO2011133645A3 (fr) * 2010-04-20 2012-02-23 Conett, Inc. Poteau composite et procédé de fabrication associé
US8474221B1 (en) 2012-01-20 2013-07-02 Trident Industries, LLC Telescoping fiberglass utility pole
WO2014191935A1 (fr) * 2013-05-29 2014-12-04 Jerol Industri Ab Structure de poteau
EP3741931A1 (fr) * 2019-05-20 2020-11-25 ABB Power Grids Switzerland AG Poteau et procédé de fourniture d'un poteau
CN112727223A (zh) * 2021-01-05 2021-04-30 王茂良 一种易于拼装的复合材料锥形管

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103883152B (zh) * 2012-12-21 2016-05-25 河南省电力勘测设计院 一种新型索网膜结构内筒烟塔合一结构体系
CN103938911A (zh) * 2014-05-13 2014-07-23 江苏神马电力股份有限公司 复合塔头及带有这种复合塔头的格构式输电塔
CN104005592B (zh) * 2014-06-05 2016-08-17 国家电网公司 一种110kV格构式复合材料杆塔
WO2022076184A1 (fr) * 2020-10-09 2022-04-14 Valmont Industries, Inc. Poteau de distribution amélioré et procédé d'installation de poteau de distribution résistant au feu

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB928348A (en) * 1960-12-01 1963-06-12 A C Ford Ltd Improvements relating to columns for supporting lamps for street lighting purposes
US3574104A (en) * 1968-01-24 1971-04-06 Plastigage Corp Glass fiber constructional member
US4172175A (en) * 1978-02-17 1979-10-23 Tillotson-Pearson, Inc. Pole construction
WO1989000917A1 (fr) * 1987-07-28 1989-02-09 Oy Nettec Ab Element tubulaire renforce par des fibres et procede pour sa fabrication

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB928348A (en) * 1960-12-01 1963-06-12 A C Ford Ltd Improvements relating to columns for supporting lamps for street lighting purposes
US3574104A (en) * 1968-01-24 1971-04-06 Plastigage Corp Glass fiber constructional member
US4172175A (en) * 1978-02-17 1979-10-23 Tillotson-Pearson, Inc. Pole construction
WO1989000917A1 (fr) * 1987-07-28 1989-02-09 Oy Nettec Ab Element tubulaire renforce par des fibres et procede pour sa fabrication

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2448363A (en) * 2007-04-13 2008-10-15 3M Innovative Properties Co Tubular support of composite material
GB2448362A (en) * 2007-04-13 2008-10-15 3M Innovative Properties Co Tubular support of composite material
WO2008127812A2 (fr) 2007-04-13 2008-10-23 3M Innovative Properties Company Poteau de signalisation comprenant un matériau composite
WO2008127812A3 (fr) * 2007-04-13 2009-02-05 3M Innovative Properties Co Poteau de signalisation comprenant un matériau composite
AU2008239518B2 (en) * 2007-04-13 2011-02-24 Frangible Safety Posts Limited Composite tubular support
AU2008239518B8 (en) * 2007-04-13 2011-06-23 Frangible Safety Posts Limited Composite tubular support
US8341860B2 (en) 2007-04-13 2013-01-01 Frangible Safety Posts Limited Sign post comprising composite material
GB2448362B (en) * 2007-04-13 2012-02-29 Frangible Safety Posts Ltd Sign post comprising composite material
WO2011056366A3 (fr) * 2009-11-06 2011-10-06 Duratel, Llc Structures porteuses pultrudées pour câbles de distribution électrique
FR2957844A1 (fr) * 2010-03-26 2011-09-30 Messier Dowty Sa Procede de fabrication d'un organe mecanique en materiau composite ayant une tenue mecanique accrue en traction-compression et en flexion
WO2011116967A1 (fr) * 2010-03-26 2011-09-29 Messier-Bugatti-Dowty Procede de fabrication d'un organe mecanique en materiau composite ayant une tenue mecanique accrue en traction-compression et en flexion
WO2011133645A3 (fr) * 2010-04-20 2012-02-23 Conett, Inc. Poteau composite et procédé de fabrication associé
US8474221B1 (en) 2012-01-20 2013-07-02 Trident Industries, LLC Telescoping fiberglass utility pole
WO2014191935A1 (fr) * 2013-05-29 2014-12-04 Jerol Industri Ab Structure de poteau
EP3741931A1 (fr) * 2019-05-20 2020-11-25 ABB Power Grids Switzerland AG Poteau et procédé de fourniture d'un poteau
CN112727223A (zh) * 2021-01-05 2021-04-30 王茂良 一种易于拼装的复合材料锥形管

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA2138781A1 (fr) 1994-11-24
AU6561594A (en) 1994-12-12

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US3574104A (en) Glass fiber constructional member
US5326410A (en) Method for reinforcing structural supports and reinforced structural supports
WO1994026501A1 (fr) Poteaux supports de lignes electriques
US6878323B2 (en) Method of manufacturing a stay-in-place form
US6123485A (en) Pre-stressed FRP-concrete composite structural members
US5599599A (en) Fiber reinforced plastic ("FRP")-concrete composite structural members
US6453635B1 (en) Composite utility poles and methods of manufacture
US4243075A (en) Composite pipe
US3709754A (en) Method of forming a construction member of glass fiber elements
US5814386A (en) Composite shell formed as a body of rotation, and method and mandrel for making same
EP0572243B1 (fr) Colonne électrique renforcée de béton et méthode à réparer avec des mattes composites
US7228672B2 (en) Fiber architecture for a composite pole
JPH05195650A (ja) 電 柱
US4262047A (en) Fiberglass utility pole crossarm
JPH03505476A (ja) 支柱、特に電力供給ケーブルを保持するための支柱
US4038118A (en) Three dimensional composite structure and method for incorporating fittings
CA2255860A1 (fr) Equipement tubulaire en materiaux composites realises par enroulement de tissus desequilibres en trame sur un mandrin compressible
US6260314B1 (en) Extension piece for a utility pole
EP0912325B1 (fr) Tuyau en resine renforce par des fibres ayant une meilleure resistance aux chocs et procede de fabrication
JPS61277780A (ja) 電力線や電話線を支える柱
US6872030B2 (en) Wood support piling with composite wrappings and method for reinforcing the same
WO2009049377A1 (fr) Traverse
EP0853362B1 (fr) Tête de mat pour suspendre des conducteurs moyenne et haute tension à des mats
US5935704A (en) Incremental filament wound pole
GB2107765A (en) Tunnel lining

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AK Designated states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT AU BB BG BR BY CA CH CN CZ DE DK ES FI GB GE HU JP KG KP KR KZ LK LU LV MD MG MN MW NL NO NZ PL PT RO RU SD SE SI SK TJ TT UA US UZ VN

AL Designated countries for regional patents

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL PT SE BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN ML MR NE SN TD TG

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 2138781

Country of ref document: CA

ENP Entry into the national phase

Ref document number: 1994 367168

Country of ref document: US

Date of ref document: 19941228

Kind code of ref document: A

121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application
REG Reference to national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: 8642

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase