WO1994024222A1 - Hemostatic dental impression composition and method of use - Google Patents
Hemostatic dental impression composition and method of use Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1994024222A1 WO1994024222A1 PCT/US1993/003376 US9303376W WO9424222A1 WO 1994024222 A1 WO1994024222 A1 WO 1994024222A1 US 9303376 W US9303376 W US 9303376W WO 9424222 A1 WO9424222 A1 WO 9424222A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- hydrocouoid
- gel
- hemostatic
- agar
- composition
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L5/00—Compositions of polysaccharides or of their derivatives not provided for in groups C08L1/00 or C08L3/00
- C08L5/12—Agar or agar-agar, i.e. mixture of agarose and agaropectin; Derivatives thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K6/00—Preparations for dentistry
- A61K6/90—Compositions for taking dental impressions
Definitions
- the present invention relates to dental impression materials, namely gel compositions, and more particularly dental impression materials having a hemostatic property by virtue of the use of potassium sulfate in an aqueous-gel composition.
- the dental professional uses impression materials to obtain impressions of teeth.
- the impressions are used to fabricate crowns, inlays, and other dental prostheses.
- Precision of the impression (mold) is a paramount consideration to ensure the subsequent comfort and fit of the prostheses.
- the precision of the model is dependent on obtaining an accurate impression.
- Precision impressions require high gel tensile strength in the gelled impression composition during removal from the teeth and through the use of the impression to form the plaster casts from which the prostheses are fabricated. Additionally, the existing periodontal condition may require pretreatment with a hemostatic compound to control bleeding prior to use of the gelled impression composition. Profuse bleeding in some patients frequently results in imprecise impressions, even after the use of hemostatic compounds.
- reversible hydrocoUoid gels are obtained by mixing water and a gel base such as agar-agar, and tempering the gel in a conditioning bath until used.
- the following patents relate to reversible hydrocoUoid gel impression materials, and have been considered in preparing this application: U.S. Patent No. 2,021,059 to Harrison; U.S. Patent No. 2,089,552 to Harrison; U.S. Patent No. 2,234,583 to Preble; and U.S. Patent No. 4,648,906 to Porteaus, et al.
- Other patents which address agar based dental impression materials include U.S. Patent No.
- none of the above patents address the problem of bleeding. Specifically, none of the impression materials of the foregoing patents discusses or implies that the impression material itself may be modified to include a hemostatic property.
- the present invention is directed to a dental impression composition having hemostatic properties and superior plaster- model hardness characteristics, and more specifically to a hemostatic hydrocoUoid gel composition dental impression material.
- the hemostatic hydrocoUoid gel composition dental impression material is formulated from an agar hydrocoUoid modified by the inclusion of potassium sulfate in the amount of between 4-12%, and preferably between about 4-6%.
- the potassium sulfate acts as a hemostatic additive, to cause constriction of the blood vessels to terminate and prevent bleeding into the dental impression composition.
- the hemostatic dental impression composition can be used in a one or two step process, wherein the material is first applied primarily for the purposes of controlling bleeding. After the hemostatic dental impression composition solidifies, it is removed and in certain cases results in an acceptable dental impression. In other cases, typically were the bleeding is more profuse, thefirst application will control the bleading and a second application of the hemostatic dental impression composition may be applied to form the dental impression. According to this process, only one impression material is required by the dentist to perform the procedure. Further, the hemostatic dental impression composition of the present invention reduces the irritation of the gingival tissue associated with hemostatic compounds and processes of the prior art.
- Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a periodontal complex.
- Fig. 2 is a perspective view of a periodontal complex of Fig. 1 including the hemostatic dental impression composition applied according to the present invention.
- Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the dental impression.
- Fig. 4 is a perspective view of a periodontal complex after removal of the dental impression.
- the present composition includes a hydrocoUoid gel forming base in an aqueous reagent.
- the base is typically agar-agar made from a red algae, for example from the genus gracilaria or gelidium and preferably the species g. robustum or g. nudifron, but may be any of the gel forming materials known in the art.
- the hydrocoUoid gel is mixed with potassium sulfate, or a like sulfate having the proper hemostatic capability.
- the potassium sulfate is preferably included in the range of between 4-12% by weight of the mixture.
- Other minor trace constituents are also included, such as a pigment, a preservative, and modifying fillers.
- the hemostatic hydrocoUoid gel preferably includes 8-12% agar, and 4-12% potassium sulfate by weight, with the balance being water.
- the potassium sulfate is present in an amount of between about 4-6%
- the trace components may be present in approximately l%.for the pigment, 0.1% for the preservative, 1-2% for the modifying fillers.
- the modifying filler may be calcium sulfate or sodium borate or a similar material.
- the hemostatic hydrocoUoid gel composition formulated to the above parameters exhibits the desired physical properties of flowability in the liquid state, and an appropriate degree of hardness following application to the periodontal complex.
- the minimum standards are defined by the American Dental Specification No. 11.
- the present hydrocoUoid gel composition has a compressive strength of at least 3500 grams per square centimeter and preferably about 4000 grams per square centimeter following solidification.
- the hydrocoUoid gel composition is preferably blended in an appropriate container such as a stainless steel double boiler.
- the blending process consists of mixing the agar powder and water together in the container while applying heat.
- the temperature is preferably maintained at approximately one hundred degrees centigrade (100° C.) throughout the blending process.
- the water and agar are blended to a smooth viscous state.
- the potassium sulfate is added and allowed to completely dissolve.
- the pigments, preservative and modifying fillers are added and allowed to completely dissolve.
- the hydrocoUoid gel composition is preferably heated and mixed for approximately one hour after all of the constituents have been added.
- the hydrocoUoid gel composition attains the appropriate consistency, the hydrocoUoid gel is transferred into appropriate containers suitable for shipping and use, wherein the hydrocoUoid gel composition sets to a desired gel state.
- suitable containers include air and water tight plastic or glass ampules or syringes that a dentist may attach to a dispensing needle.
- the containers may be filled with between about 1.5 and 60 milliliters of the hydrocoUoid gel composition.
- the hydrocoUoid gel composition is first heated in a boiling water bath, and then applied to the periodontal complex at a temperature in the range of between about 60 and 65 degrees centigrade.
- the material is applied directly to the periodontal complex in the fluid state.
- Gauze may be applied to the hydrocoUoid gel composition prior to its solidifying to the rigid state.
- the hydrocoUoid gel composition solidifies, and can be removed by the dentist.
- one application of the hydrocoUoid gel composition is adequate to obtain an acceptable mold pattern.
- the initial application of the hydrocoUoid gel composition will stop the bleeding, and a second application of the hydrocoUoid gel composition will produce an acceptable mold pattern or negative impression of the periodontal complex.
- Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a periodontal complex 10 including a damaged tooth 12.
- Fig. 2 is a perspective view of the periodontal complex 10 of Fig. 1, including the hemostatic hydrocoUoid gel dental impression composition 14 being applied using an applicator 16 to the damaged tooth 12, according to the present invention.
- Fig. 4 is a perspective view of a periodontal complex 10 after removal of the dental impression 20 (Fig.3), illustrating the termination of the bleeding as a result of the use of the hemostatic hydrocoUoid gel dental impression composition 14 (Fig. 2) .
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- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Dental Preparations (AREA)
- Cosmetics (AREA)
Abstract
A hemostatic hydrocolloid gel dental impression material formulated from an agar hydrocolloid modified by the inclusion of potassium sulfate in the amount of between about 4-12 %. The potassium sulfate acts as a hemostatic additive, to cause constriction of the blood vessels and terminate bleeding into the dental impression composition.
Description
HEMOSTATIC DENTAL IMPRESSION COMPOSITION AND METHOD OF USE
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to dental impression materials, namely gel compositions, and more particularly dental impression materials having a hemostatic property by virtue of the use of potassium sulfate in an aqueous-gel composition.
In a dental practice, the dental professional uses impression materials to obtain impressions of teeth. The impressions are used to fabricate crowns, inlays, and other dental prostheses. Precision of the impression (mold) is a paramount consideration to ensure the subsequent comfort and fit of the prostheses. The precision of the model is dependent on obtaining an accurate impression.
Precision impressions require high gel tensile strength in the gelled impression composition during removal from the teeth and through the use of the impression to form the plaster casts from which the prostheses are fabricated. Additionally, the existing periodontal condition may require pretreatment with a hemostatic compound to control bleeding prior to use of the gelled impression composition. Profuse bleeding in some patients frequently results in imprecise impressions, even after the use of hemostatic compounds.
Many dentists prefer the use of reversible hydrocoUoid gels as impression materials. These gels are obtained by mixing water and a gel base such as agar-agar, and tempering the gel in a conditioning bath until used. The following patents relate to reversible hydrocoUoid gel impression materials, and have been considered in preparing this application: U.S. Patent No. 2,021,059 to Harrison; U.S. Patent No. 2,089,552 to Harrison; U.S. Patent No. 2,234,583 to Preble; and U.S. Patent No. 4,648,906 to Porteaus, et al.
Other patents which address agar based dental impression materials include U.S. Patent No. 4,060,421 to Yashikawa; and U.S. Patent No. 4,242,239 to Kessler. Each of these patents mentions using very small amounts of potassium or zinc sulfate to improve the hardening of the plaster which is poured into the formed impression, to provide an enhanced surface finish to the plaster cast. In this context, the potassium or zinc sulfate acts as an inhibitor to prevent the water within the hydrocoUoid gel from being absorbed by the plaster as the plaster dries. Without the potassium or zinc sulfate, the resulting plaster cast has a chalky finish which is unacceptable.
None of the above patents address the problem of bleeding. Specifically, none of the impression materials of the foregoing patents discusses or implies that the impression material itself may be modified to include a hemostatic property.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention is directed to a dental impression composition having hemostatic properties and superior plaster- model hardness characteristics, and more specifically to a hemostatic hydrocoUoid gel composition dental impression material. The hemostatic hydrocoUoid gel composition dental impression material is formulated from an agar hydrocoUoid modified by the inclusion of potassium sulfate in the amount of between 4-12%, and preferably between about 4-6%. The potassium sulfate acts as a hemostatic additive, to cause constriction of the blood vessels to terminate and prevent bleeding into the dental impression composition.
The hemostatic dental impression composition can be used in a one or two step process, wherein the material is first applied primarily for the purposes of controlling bleeding. After the hemostatic dental impression composition solidifies, it is removed and in certain cases results in an acceptable
dental impression. In other cases, typically were the bleeding is more profuse, thefirst application will control the bleading and a second application of the hemostatic dental impression composition may be applied to form the dental impression. According to this process, only one impression material is required by the dentist to perform the procedure. Further, the hemostatic dental impression composition of the present invention reduces the irritation of the gingival tissue associated with hemostatic compounds and processes of the prior art.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a periodontal complex. Fig. 2 is a perspective view of a periodontal complex of Fig. 1 including the hemostatic dental impression composition applied according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the dental impression. Fig. 4 is a perspective view of a periodontal complex after removal of the dental impression.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
The present composition includes a hydrocoUoid gel forming base in an aqueous reagent. The base is typically agar-agar made from a red algae, for example from the genus gracilaria or gelidium and preferably the species g. robustum or g. nudifron, but may be any of the gel forming materials known in the art. The hydrocoUoid gel is mixed with potassium sulfate, or a like sulfate having the proper hemostatic capability. The potassium sulfate is preferably included in the range of between 4-12% by weight of the mixture. Other minor trace constituents are also included, such as a pigment, a preservative, and modifying fillers.
The hemostatic hydrocoUoid gel preferably includes 8-12% agar, and 4-12% potassium sulfate by weight, with the balance being water. Preferably however, the potassium sulfate is
present in an amount of between about 4-6% The trace components may be present in approximately l%.for the pigment, 0.1% for the preservative, 1-2% for the modifying fillers. The modifying filler may be calcium sulfate or sodium borate or a similar material.
The hemostatic hydrocoUoid gel composition formulated to the above parameters exhibits the desired physical properties of flowability in the liquid state, and an appropriate degree of hardness following application to the periodontal complex. Generally, for hydrocoUoid gels, the minimum standards are defined by the American Dental Specification No. 11. The present hydrocoUoid gel composition has a compressive strength of at least 3500 grams per square centimeter and preferably about 4000 grams per square centimeter following solidification.
The hydrocoUoid gel composition is preferably blended in an appropriate container such as a stainless steel double boiler. The blending process consists of mixing the agar powder and water together in the container while applying heat. The temperature is preferably maintained at approximately one hundred degrees centigrade (100° C.) throughout the blending process. The water and agar are blended to a smooth viscous state. The potassium sulfate is added and allowed to completely dissolve. The pigments, preservative and modifying fillers are added and allowed to completely dissolve. The hydrocoUoid gel composition is preferably heated and mixed for approximately one hour after all of the constituents have been added.
When the hydrocoUoid gel composition attains the appropriate consistency, the hydrocoUoid gel is transferred into appropriate containers suitable for shipping and use, wherein the hydrocoUoid gel composition sets to a desired gel state. Suitable containers include air and water tight plastic or glass ampules or syringes that a dentist may attach to a dispensing needle. For a single use application, the
containers may be filled with between about 1.5 and 60 milliliters of the hydrocoUoid gel composition.
For use by the dentist, the hydrocoUoid gel composition is first heated in a boiling water bath, and then applied to the periodontal complex at a temperature in the range of between about 60 and 65 degrees centigrade. The material is applied directly to the periodontal complex in the fluid state. Gauze may be applied to the hydrocoUoid gel composition prior to its solidifying to the rigid state. The hydrocoUoid gel composition solidifies, and can be removed by the dentist. For some patients, one application of the hydrocoUoid gel composition is adequate to obtain an acceptable mold pattern. However, in cases of severe bleeding, the initial application of the hydrocoUoid gel composition will stop the bleeding, and a second application of the hydrocoUoid gel composition will produce an acceptable mold pattern or negative impression of the periodontal complex.
The foregoing process is illustrated in the perspective Figs. 1-4, wherein Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a periodontal complex 10 including a damaged tooth 12. Fig. 2 is a perspective view of the periodontal complex 10 of Fig. 1, including the hemostatic hydrocoUoid gel dental impression composition 14 being applied using an applicator 16 to the damaged tooth 12, according to the present invention.
Following application of gauze 18 and solidification of the hemostatic hydrocoUoid gel, the dental impression 20 is removed, as shown in Fig. 3. Fig. 4 is a perspective view of a periodontal complex 10 after removal of the dental impression 20 (Fig.3), illustrating the termination of the bleeding as a result of the use of the hemostatic hydrocoUoid gel dental impression composition 14 (Fig. 2) .
It should be evident from the foregoing description that the present invention provides many advantages over dental impression materials of the prior art. Although preferred
embodiments are specifically illustrated and described herein, it will be appreciated that many modifications and variations of the present invention are possible in light of the above teaching to those skilled in the art. It is preferred, therefore, that the present invention be limited not by the specific disclosure herein, but only by the appended claims.
Claims
1. A hemostatic hydrocoUoid gel comprising: agar in an amount from about 8-12% by weight; potassium sulfate in an amount from about 4-12% by weight; and water to 100% by weight.
2. The hemostatic hydrocoUoid gel of Claim 1, further comprising: pigment in the amount of about 1% by weight; preservative in the amount of about 0.1% by weight; and modifying fillers in the amount of about 1-2% by weight.
3. The hemostatic hydrocoUoid gel of Claim 2, wherein the modifying filler is calcium sulfate or sodium borate.
4. The hemostatic hydrocoUoid gel of Claim 1, wherein the agar is made from a red algae.
5. The hemostatic hydrocoUoid gel of Claim 4, wherein the red algae is selected from the genus gracilaria or gelidium.
6. The hemostatic hydrocoUoid gel of Claim 4, wherein the red algae is selected from the genus gelidium and the species g. robustum or g. nudifron.
7. The hemostatic hydrocoUoid gel of Claim 1, wherein the hydrocoUoid gel composition has a compressive strength of at least 3500 grams per square centimeter following solidification.
8. The hemostatic hydrocoUoid gel of Claim 2, wherein the hydrocoUoid gel composition has a compressive strength of about 4000 grams per square centimeter following solidification.
9. The hemostatic hydrocoUoid gel of Claim 2, wherein the agar is made from a red algae.
10. The hemostatic hydrocoUoid gel of Claim 9, wherein the red algae is selected from the genus gracilaria or gelidium.
11. The hemostatic hydrocoUoid gel of Claim 9, wherein the red algae is selected from the genus gelidium and the species g. robustum or g. nudifron.
12. The hemostatic hydrocoUoid gel of Claim 11, wherein the hydrocoUoid gel composition has a compressive strength of at least 3500 grams per square centimeter following solidification.
13. A method of forming a hemostatic hydrocoUoid gel comprising: blending water and agar together while heating to a temperature of about 100°C; adding potassium sulfate to the water and agar blend while maintaining the temperature, the resulting composition being about 70-88% water, 8-12% agar, and 4-12% potassium sulfate by weight to form a blended hemostatic hydrocoUoid gel.
14. The method of forming the hemostatic hydrocoUoid gel of claim 13, further comprising: adding trace constituents to the blended hemostatic hydrocoUoid gel composition during the heating and blending process.
15. The method of forming the hemostatic hydrocoUoid gel of claim 14, wherein the trace constituents are pigment in the amount of about 1%, preservative in the amount of about 0.1%, and modifying fillers in the amount of about 1-2% by weight for the blended composition.
16. The method of forming the hemostatic hydrocoUoid gel of claim 13, wherein the agar is made from a red algae.
17. The method of forming the hemostatic hydrocoUoid gel of Claim 16, wherein the red algae is selected from the genus gracilaria or gelidium.
18. The method of forming the hemostatic hydrocoUoid gel of Claim 16, wherein the red algae is selected from the genus gelidium and the species g. robustum or g. nudifron.
19. A method for terminating the profusion of blood from a periodontal complex to allow the preparation of a dental impression comprising the steps of: applying a hemostatic hydrocoUoid gel composition to the blood profusing periodontal complex; allowing the hemostatic hydrocoUoid gel composition to solidify; and removing the solidified hemostatic hydrocoUoid gel composition.
20. The method according to Claim 19 wherein the hemostatic hydrocoUoid gel is a blended composition having about 70-88% water, 8-12% agar, and 4-12% potassium sulfate, by weight.
21. The method according to Claim 20, wherein the agar is a red algae selected from the genus gelidium and the species g. robustum or g. nudifron.
22. A method for forming a dental impression comprising the steps of: applying a hemostatic hydrocoUoid gel composition to the periodontal complex; allowing the hemostatic hydrocoUoid gel composition to solidify; and removing the solidified hemostatic hydrocoUoid gel composition.
23. The method according to Claim 22 wherein the hemostatic hydrocoUoid gel is a blended composition having about 70-88% water, 8-12% agar, and 4-12% potassium sulfate, by weight.
24. The method according to Claim 23, wherein the agar is a red algae selected from the genus gelidium and the species g. robustum or g. nudifron.
25. The method according to Claim 22, further comprising the steps of: applying a hydrocoUoid gel composition to the periodontal complex after the solidified hemostatic hydrocoUoid gel composition has been removed; allowing the hydrocoUoid gel composition to solidify; and removing the solidified hydrocoUoid gel composition.
26. The method according to Claim 22 wherein the hemostatic hydrocoUoid gel is a blended composition having about 70-80% water, 8-12% agar, and an amount of potassium sulfate in excess of the amount necessary to aid solidification.
27. The method according to Claim 26 wherein the hemostatic hydrocoUoid gel and the hydrocoUoid gel are both a blended composition having about 70-86% water, 8-12% agar, and 4-12% potassium sulfate, by weight.
28. The method according to Claim 27, wherein the agar is a red algae selected from the genus gelidium and the species g. robustum or g. nudifron.
29. A hemostatic hydrocoUoid gel dental impression, comprising: agar in an amount from about 8-12% by weight; potassium sulfate in an amount in excess of the amount required for imparting the required surface properties to a plaster mold of the impression; and water to 100% by weight.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/US1993/003376 WO1994024222A1 (en) | 1993-04-09 | 1993-04-09 | Hemostatic dental impression composition and method of use |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/US1993/003376 WO1994024222A1 (en) | 1993-04-09 | 1993-04-09 | Hemostatic dental impression composition and method of use |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1994024222A1 true WO1994024222A1 (en) | 1994-10-27 |
Family
ID=22236497
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/US1993/003376 Ceased WO1994024222A1 (en) | 1993-04-09 | 1993-04-09 | Hemostatic dental impression composition and method of use |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| WO (1) | WO1994024222A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2013142068A (en) * | 2012-01-11 | 2013-07-22 | Shofu Inc | Dental agar impression material composition having alkali treatment step |
| JP2013142069A (en) * | 2012-01-11 | 2013-07-22 | Shofu Inc | Agar impression material composition to be used in dental cavity containing alkali metal salt |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2089552A (en) * | 1935-10-14 | 1937-08-10 | Oramold Products Corp | Impression material and method for making impression material |
| US2234383A (en) * | 1939-10-28 | 1941-03-11 | Surgident Ltd | Dental impression composition |
| US2422497A (en) * | 1945-12-22 | 1947-06-17 | Stanley E Noyes | Dental impression composition |
| US4060421A (en) * | 1975-12-16 | 1977-11-29 | Ikuji Yoshikawa | Combined reversible aqueous colloidal dental impression material |
| US4242239A (en) * | 1979-06-11 | 1980-12-30 | Warner-Lambert | Bondable agar dental impression material |
| US5132118A (en) * | 1990-05-11 | 1992-07-21 | Mills John A | Treatment of exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage in animals |
-
1993
- 1993-04-09 WO PCT/US1993/003376 patent/WO1994024222A1/en not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2089552A (en) * | 1935-10-14 | 1937-08-10 | Oramold Products Corp | Impression material and method for making impression material |
| US2234383A (en) * | 1939-10-28 | 1941-03-11 | Surgident Ltd | Dental impression composition |
| US2422497A (en) * | 1945-12-22 | 1947-06-17 | Stanley E Noyes | Dental impression composition |
| US4060421A (en) * | 1975-12-16 | 1977-11-29 | Ikuji Yoshikawa | Combined reversible aqueous colloidal dental impression material |
| US4242239A (en) * | 1979-06-11 | 1980-12-30 | Warner-Lambert | Bondable agar dental impression material |
| US5132118A (en) * | 1990-05-11 | 1992-07-21 | Mills John A | Treatment of exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage in animals |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| HAWLEY'S CHEMICAL DICTIONARY, 1987, N. IRVING SAX AND RICHARD J. LEWS SR., page 27. * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2013142068A (en) * | 2012-01-11 | 2013-07-22 | Shofu Inc | Dental agar impression material composition having alkali treatment step |
| JP2013142069A (en) * | 2012-01-11 | 2013-07-22 | Shofu Inc | Agar impression material composition to be used in dental cavity containing alkali metal salt |
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