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WO1994023323A1 - Ruban a fibres optiques - Google Patents

Ruban a fibres optiques Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1994023323A1
WO1994023323A1 PCT/FI1994/000122 FI9400122W WO9423323A1 WO 1994023323 A1 WO1994023323 A1 WO 1994023323A1 FI 9400122 W FI9400122 W FI 9400122W WO 9423323 A1 WO9423323 A1 WO 9423323A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fibre
fibres
layer
ribbon
colour
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/FI1994/000122
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Jussi Ravela
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nokia Kaapeli Oy
Original Assignee
Nokia Kaapeli Oy
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nokia Kaapeli Oy filed Critical Nokia Kaapeli Oy
Priority to AU63782/94A priority Critical patent/AU6378294A/en
Publication of WO1994023323A1 publication Critical patent/WO1994023323A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/44—Mechanical structures for providing tensile strength and external protection for fibres, e.g. optical transmission cables
    • G02B6/4479—Manufacturing methods of optical cables
    • G02B6/4482—Code or colour marking
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/44—Mechanical structures for providing tensile strength and external protection for fibres, e.g. optical transmission cables
    • G02B6/4401—Optical cables
    • G02B6/4403—Optical cables with ribbon structure
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/44—Mechanical structures for providing tensile strength and external protection for fibres, e.g. optical transmission cables
    • G02B6/4401—Optical cables
    • G02B6/4403—Optical cables with ribbon structure
    • G02B6/4404—Multi-podded
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/44—Mechanical structures for providing tensile strength and external protection for fibres, e.g. optical transmission cables
    • G02B6/4401—Optical cables
    • G02B6/4429—Means specially adapted for strengthening or protecting the cables
    • G02B6/443—Protective covering
    • G02B6/4431—Protective covering with provision in the protective covering, e.g. weak line, for gaining access to one or more fibres, e.g. for branching or tapping

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an optical fibre rib ⁇ bon comprising at least two optical fibres extending in the longitudinal direction of the ribbon, the lon ⁇ gitudinal axes of which fibres are substantially par ⁇ allel with each other and which fibres are substanti ⁇ ally in the same plane in the direction transverse to the fibre ribbon.
  • a cable opti ⁇ cal fibre ribbons comprising typically 4 to 12 coated and mutually parallel optical fibres and a protective cover made of plastic material to unite these fibres.
  • Fibre ribbons have several advantages compared to individual fibres, and therefore, they have been of more and more increasing interest lately. Except that fibre ribbons make (telecommunications) cables with high transmission capacity possible (which is very significant because of the rapidly increasing demand for data transmission), they also offer a structure, by means of which it will be simpler to install and maintain a cabling, because the need to handle individual fibres decreases. For instance, individual fibres can be spliced and jointed by splicing and jointing a considerably bigger fibre ribbon, if it is possible to determine and maintain the positions of the fibres in the ribbon. All fibres of the fibre ribbon can thus be spliced to another similar ribbon or to a connector of a terminal by one peeling and one welding operation.
  • FIG. 1 shows such a fibre ribbon, which comprises eight mutually parallel optical fibres 11, each of them having separate coat ⁇ ing layers.
  • Fibre ribbons A and B have at first been manufactured in separate processes, each ribbon com ⁇ prising four fibres and a uniting outer layer 12 and 13, respectively. These two fibre ribbons have been assembled into a ribbon by coating them with a common coating layer 14.
  • the above procedure pre ⁇ supposes two relatively expensive processes for pro ⁇ viding a broad fibre ribbon.
  • the finished product obtained in this way is not homogenic either, but a spacing between fibres at a division surface differs from the mutual distance between the other fibres, which may make a splicing of an undivided fibre rib ⁇ bon more difficult.
  • This drawback concerns also the solution set forth in the Patent Application GB-A-2187865, in which a splicing of a fibre ribbon is facilitated by making the mutual distance between the fibres at the division surface bigger than the mutual distance be- tween the other fibres. It is also known to run a so-called division groove into the outermost layer of the ribbon, the so-called matrix layer, by means of a shaped tool and possibly to fill it with some suitable material dif- fering from the material of the matrix layer.
  • the width of a 12-fibre ribbon is about 3 mm, due to which it is not quite simple to form a divi- sion groove in a controlled way into the matrix lay ⁇ er, just between the desired fibres.
  • this method is not at all suitable.
  • the object of the present invention is to get rid of the above problems and to provide a fibre rib ⁇ bon structure, which is as easy-manufactured as pos ⁇ sible and capable of implementing different division ratios.
  • a fibre ribbon according to the invention which ribbon is charac ⁇ terized in that the fibre ribbon structure has been weakened at least at one fibre by varying at least one coating layer of said fibre with respect to the corresponding layers of the other fibres.
  • the idea of the invention is to weaken a fibre ribbon structure at one fibre (or two fibres) adja ⁇ cent to a division surface by varying at least one coating layer of said fibres with respect to the cor ⁇ responding layer/layers of the other fibres.
  • the coating layers of the fibres signify one of those layers by which the fibre has been coat ⁇ ed since it was uncoated.
  • a weakening may be provided in connection with the man- ufacture of each fibre, whereby the manufacture and a later handling of the fibre ribbon, e.g. cabling, correspond to the handling of a normal fibre ribbon as well as possible.
  • a weakening is provided by means of a structure in which a colour layer surrounding the fibres adjacent to the division surface is thicker than a colour layer surrounding the other fibres.
  • Figure 1 shows a cross-section of a broad fibre ribbon according to the prior art
  • Figure 2 shows a cross-section of another broad fibre ribbon according to the prior art
  • Figure 3 shows a cross-section of a first embo ⁇ diment of a broad fibre ribbon according to the in ⁇ vention
  • Figure 4 shows a cross-section of a second em ⁇ bodiment of the broad fibre ribbon according to the invention
  • Figure 5 shows a cross-section of a third embo ⁇ diment of the broad fibre ribbon according to the in- ven ion
  • Figure 6 shows a cross-section of a fourth em ⁇ bodiment of the broad fibre ribbon according to the invention.
  • Figure 3 shows a cross-section of a fibre rib- bon 30 according to a first embodiment of the inven ⁇ tion.
  • the fibre ribbon comprises eight parallel optical fibres 11, which are positioned sub ⁇ stantially in the same plane in the direction trans ⁇ verse to the fibre ribbon and the longitudinal axes of which are substantially parallel with the longi ⁇ tudinal axis of the fibre ribbon.
  • each optical fibre 11 comprises an uncoated fibre 31 manu ⁇ factured of e.g. quartz glass, the diameter of the fibre being typically of the order of 0,125 mm.
  • This uncoated fibre is coated with a first, so-called primary coating 32.
  • the diameter of the primary coat ⁇ ed fibre is typically between 0,180 and 0,200 mm.
  • the primary coating again is coated with another, so-called secondary coating 33, which is a harder layer than the primary coating.
  • the diameter of the second ⁇ ary coated fibre is typically between 0,240 and 0,255 mm.
  • the primary and secondary coatings are typically manufactured of some UV curable acrylate, e.g. sili- cone, epoxy or urethane acrylate.
  • Each secondary coating is surrounded by a thin colour layer 34 typically consisting of some UV cur ⁇ able acrylate as well, to which has been added colour pigment.
  • a colouring of a fibre i.e.
  • the thickness of colour layers 34a and 34b on fibres on both sides of a desired division surface C has been increased with respect to the thick ⁇ ness of the colour layers 34 on the other fibres.
  • the division surface is the surface along which the fibre ribbon breaks when bended, which means that the fibre ribbon is divided into several parts, in this case two, each of them comprising four fibres.
  • the thickness of the thinner colour layers 34 is typical ⁇ ly between 3 and 6 ⁇ m, while the thickness of the layers 34a and 34b is preferably between 8 and 12 ⁇ m.
  • the thickness of a colour layer is primarily cont ⁇ rolled by means of the hole diameter of a colouring nozzle.
  • the diameter of a sec ⁇ ondary coated fibre is e.g. 240 ⁇ m
  • the diameter of a coloured fibre is typically e.g. 246 to 252 ⁇ m (thinner colour layer) and the diameter of the nozzle 255 to 260 ⁇ m.
  • the latter dimensions are 256 to 264 ⁇ m (coloured fibre) and 265 to 275 ⁇ m (nozzle), respectively.
  • the thickness of a colour layer may also be slightly in ⁇ fluenced by the feed pressure of the colouring agent and the drawing speed of the fibre.
  • the viscosity of the colouring agent also has a minor influence on the thickness of the colour layer created. In total, the thickness of the colour layer can be controlled to a great extent by means of empirical quantities.
  • a weakening effect provided by the thicker col- our layers 34a and 34b is described in greater detail in the following.
  • the thickness of the colour layers ad ⁇ justs the thickness of a common coating layer 14 at a fibre.
  • a 3 to 9 ⁇ m change of thickness of the colour layer may be e.g. of the order of 50 % of the thickness X of the coating layer at upper and lower fringes of those fibres which have a thinner colour layer.
  • the differ ⁇ ence in thickness between the colour layers 34 and 34a/34b may also correspond to the thickness X of the coating layer, in which case the surface of fracture vanishes entirely at the thicker colour layer (the common coating layer 14 disappears entirely at the upper and lower edges of the thicker colour layers 34a and 34b).
  • Such an embodiment is shown in Figure 4.
  • a weakening may also be provided at the thicker colour layers 34a and 34b between said fibres and the surrounding coating layer 14 by ar ⁇ ranging a lower adhesion between said colour layers and the common coating layer 14 than between the other colour layers 34 and the coating layer 14.
  • the adhesion between a colour layer and the coating layer can be adjusted by adjusting the degree of curing of the colour layer, for instance.
  • the degree of curing of an underlying material af ⁇ fects the adhesion of a material to be laid thereon in such a way that a higher degree of curing de ⁇ creases the adhesion.
  • the curing of a colour layer can be controlled by means of several different fac ⁇ tors or a combination thereof. These factors are:
  • the curing is controlled by means of the amount of UV radiation. Due to a bigger colour mass per length unit of a thicker colour layer, said fibres need more radiation for reaching at least the same degree of curing as the fibres with thinner col ⁇ our layers.
  • the amount of radiation can be affected by the drawing speed of the fibres (the smaller the drawing speed is, the longer is the radiation time and the higher the degree of curing) and by the num ⁇ ber of UV lamps used as well as by the radiation in ⁇ tensity.
  • the wavelength of the lamps has an influence on how deep into the material the irradiation ex- tends.
  • At least two lamps one of which is a so-called H-lamp operat ⁇ ing in the wavelength range 300 to 400 n and attend ⁇ ing to surface curing and the other one of which is a so-called D-lamp operating in the wavelength range 300 to 400 nm and attending to deep curing.
  • H-lamp a so-called H-lamp operat ⁇ ing in the wavelength range 300 to 400 n and attend ⁇ ing to surface curing
  • D-lamp operating in the wavelength range 300 to 400 nm and attending to deep curing.
  • Fig ⁇ ure 5 shows a fibre ribbon structure 50 according to a third embodiment of the invention, the starting point being a known structure, in which all colour layers are essentially equally thick.
  • a weakening (lower adhesion to the coating layer 14) has now been provided according to the invention in areas D and E of the colour layers 34a and 34b, which areas are indicated by means of a broken line. This is possible in principle e.g. by exposing the areas D and E dur ⁇ ing curing to more radiation by focussing and/or re ⁇ stricting the radiation.
  • fibres being coloured in the same line with assembling into rib- bon, it is, in principle, possible to direct the ra- diation this accurately.
  • fibres coloured in a separate process and wound on a coil after the colouring may not be irradiated this ac ⁇ curately in practice.
  • a weakening effect (lower adhesion to the coat ⁇ ing layer 14) may also be provided by treating the colour layer with an agent facilitating release, e.g. with a release agent facilitating a release of fibres from the coating material.
  • This embodiment is indi- cated by reference numeral 60 in Figure 6, in which the separately treated colour layers 34a and 34b are indicated by broken lines and reference mark H.
  • This agent contributing to a release may be driven around the fibres of the division surface by wipers at the assembling stage, before the fibres go to a coating tool.
  • the release agent By means of the release agent, it is also pos ⁇ sible to create a lower adhesion for the areas D and E of Figure 5 by leading the release agent only to the fibre sides bearing against the division surface.
  • All the above examples relate to a treatment of a colour layer for providing a weakening. It is also possible in principle to provide a weakening by vary ⁇ ing the primary or secondary layer, e.g. by making the primary and/or secondary layer of desired fibres thicker than the corresponding layers of the other fibres, in which case said fibres have a larger area bearing against the surrounding common coating layer of the fibre ribbon.
  • changing the thickness of the primary and/or secondary layers is not an embodiment as pre ⁇ ferable as changing the thickness of a colour layer, for changes in the primary and/or secondary layers affect the behaviour of the fibre itself (e.g. tempe ⁇ rature behaviour) clearly more than changes in a col- our layer.
  • By changing the properties of the colour layers it is thus clearly simpler to effect changes which are not of significance for the behaviour of the fibre itself.
  • a substantial factor is expressly that using means improving the dividability of the fibre ribbon does not in the least impair the optical properties of the fibres of the ribbon in any circum ⁇ stances.
  • the fibre ribbon may also have more than one division surface. Moreover, the fibre ribbon may be divided unsymmetrically, by dividing a 12-fibre rib ⁇ bon, for instance, in the ratio 2+4+6.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Optical Fibers, Optical Fiber Cores, And Optical Fiber Bundles (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un ruban à fibres optiques (30; 40; 50; 60) qui comprend au moins deux fibres optiques (11) suivant sa direction longitudinale. Les axes longitudinaux de ces fibres sont en pratique parallèles et elles se trouvent en pratique dans le même plan transversal du ruban à fibres. Pour obtenir une structure de ruban à fibres qui soit aussi facile à produire que possible et permette d'utiliser facilement différents rapports de division entre les fibres lorsqu'on ramifie ce ruban à fibres, cette structure est fragilisée au moins pour une fibre par variation d'au moins une couche de revêtement (32, 33, 34a, 34b) de cette fibre par rapport aux couches correspondantes des autres fibres. Dans une variante préférée, cette fragilisation est due à une structure où la couche colorée (34a; 34b) qui entoure une fibre adjacente à une surface de division souhaitée (C) est plus épaisse que la couche colorée (34) qui entoure les autres fibres (11).
PCT/FI1994/000122 1993-04-05 1994-03-30 Ruban a fibres optiques Ceased WO1994023323A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU63782/94A AU6378294A (en) 1993-04-05 1994-03-30 Optical fibre ribbon

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI931529 1993-04-05
FI931529A FI93152C (fi) 1993-04-05 1993-04-05 Optinen kuitunauha

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1994023323A1 true WO1994023323A1 (fr) 1994-10-13

Family

ID=8537684

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/FI1994/000122 Ceased WO1994023323A1 (fr) 1993-04-05 1994-03-30 Ruban a fibres optiques

Country Status (3)

Country Link
AU (1) AU6378294A (fr)
FI (1) FI93152C (fr)
WO (1) WO1994023323A1 (fr)

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0813084A1 (fr) * 1996-06-12 1997-12-17 Alcatel Concentration de contrainte dans un ruban de fibres optiques pour faciliter la séparation de matière matricielle du ruban
EP0843187A1 (fr) * 1996-11-18 1998-05-20 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. Câble optique en forme de ruban divisible
EP1048966A1 (fr) * 1999-04-29 2000-11-02 Lucent Technologies Inc. Câble optique à ruban ayant une matrix améliorée vis-à-vis l'adhésion d'encre
US6253013B1 (en) 1999-03-29 2001-06-26 Siecor Operations, Llc Optical fiber arrays
EP0950908A3 (fr) * 1998-04-17 2004-01-21 Alcatel Multiruban de fibres optiques et son procédé de fabrication
US6748148B2 (en) 2002-05-31 2004-06-08 Corning Cable Systems Llc Optical fiber ribbons having a non-uniform thickness and/or preferential tear portions
US6792184B2 (en) 2002-05-31 2004-09-14 Corning Cable Systems Llc Optical fiber ribbons having a preferential separation sequence
US6853783B2 (en) 2003-02-28 2005-02-08 Corning Cable Systems Llc Optical Fiber Ribbons Having Preferential Tear Portions
US7039282B2 (en) 2004-06-30 2006-05-02 Corning Cable Systems Llc Optical fiber array with an intermittent profile and method for manufacturing the same
US7274846B1 (en) 2006-09-29 2007-09-25 Corning Cable Systems, Llc. Fiber optic ribbon subunits having ends with different shapes
US7532796B2 (en) 2006-09-29 2009-05-12 Corning Cable Systems Llc Fiber optic ribbons having one or more predetermined fracture regions

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0262340A2 (fr) * 1986-08-05 1988-04-06 Sumitomo Electric Industries Limited Câble-ruban optique avec plusieurs éléments

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0262340A2 (fr) * 1986-08-05 1988-04-06 Sumitomo Electric Industries Limited Câble-ruban optique avec plusieurs éléments

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0813084A1 (fr) * 1996-06-12 1997-12-17 Alcatel Concentration de contrainte dans un ruban de fibres optiques pour faciliter la séparation de matière matricielle du ruban
EP0843187A1 (fr) * 1996-11-18 1998-05-20 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. Câble optique en forme de ruban divisible
US6028976A (en) * 1996-11-18 2000-02-22 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. Split type ribbon optical fiber core cable
EP0950908A3 (fr) * 1998-04-17 2004-01-21 Alcatel Multiruban de fibres optiques et son procédé de fabrication
US6253013B1 (en) 1999-03-29 2001-06-26 Siecor Operations, Llc Optical fiber arrays
EP1048966A1 (fr) * 1999-04-29 2000-11-02 Lucent Technologies Inc. Câble optique à ruban ayant une matrix améliorée vis-à-vis l'adhésion d'encre
US6195491B1 (en) 1999-04-29 2001-02-27 Lucent Technologies, Inc. Optical fiber ribbon having differentially enhanced matrix to ink adhesion
US6748148B2 (en) 2002-05-31 2004-06-08 Corning Cable Systems Llc Optical fiber ribbons having a non-uniform thickness and/or preferential tear portions
US6792184B2 (en) 2002-05-31 2004-09-14 Corning Cable Systems Llc Optical fiber ribbons having a preferential separation sequence
US7085459B2 (en) 2002-05-31 2006-08-01 Corning Cable Systems Llc Optical fiber ribbons with subunits having preferential tear portions
US6853783B2 (en) 2003-02-28 2005-02-08 Corning Cable Systems Llc Optical Fiber Ribbons Having Preferential Tear Portions
US7039282B2 (en) 2004-06-30 2006-05-02 Corning Cable Systems Llc Optical fiber array with an intermittent profile and method for manufacturing the same
US7274846B1 (en) 2006-09-29 2007-09-25 Corning Cable Systems, Llc. Fiber optic ribbon subunits having ends with different shapes
US7532796B2 (en) 2006-09-29 2009-05-12 Corning Cable Systems Llc Fiber optic ribbons having one or more predetermined fracture regions

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU6378294A (en) 1994-10-24
FI93152B (fi) 1994-11-15
FI93152C (fi) 1995-02-27
FI931529A0 (fi) 1993-04-05

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