WO1994022289A1 - Method for breeding tomatoes with superior taste characteristics and product of the method - Google Patents
Method for breeding tomatoes with superior taste characteristics and product of the method Download PDFInfo
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- WO1994022289A1 WO1994022289A1 PCT/US1994/003522 US9403522W WO9422289A1 WO 1994022289 A1 WO1994022289 A1 WO 1994022289A1 US 9403522 W US9403522 W US 9403522W WO 9422289 A1 WO9422289 A1 WO 9422289A1
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- plants
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- fructose
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- 240000003768 Solanum lycopersicum Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 235000007688 Lycopersicon esculentum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 229930091371 Fructose Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000005715 Fructose Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N Fructose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@](O)(CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 241000227653 Lycopersicon Species 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 235000002262 Lycopersicon Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000001902 propagating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000896499 Solanum habrochaites Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009396 hybridization Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001568 sexual effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000010152 pollination Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000010153 self-pollination Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000001082 somatic cell Anatomy 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 15
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 240000004110 Russelia equisetiformis Species 0.000 description 3
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000005070 ripening Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000011389 fruit/vegetable juice Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 2
- PJVXUVWGSCCGHT-ZPYZYFCMSA-N (2r,3s,4r,5r)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal;(3s,4r,5r)-1,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexan-2-one Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C=O.OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)C(=O)CO PJVXUVWGSCCGHT-ZPYZYFCMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 Glu Sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 244000090599 Plantago psyllium Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000014296 Solanum habrochaites Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000002560 Solanum lycopersicum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- DVKFVGVMPLXLKC-PUGXJXRHSA-N [(2s,3r,4s,5s,6r)-2-[(2s,3s,4s,5r)-3,4-dihydroxy-2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl] dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@]1(CO)[C@@]1(OP(O)(O)=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 DVKFVGVMPLXLKC-PUGXJXRHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 108010051210 beta-Fructofuranosidase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000012742 biochemical analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000009508 confectionery Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002016 disaccharides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012154 double-distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002255 enzymatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012252 genetic analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002068 genetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002402 hexoses Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000011073 invertase Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001573 invertase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003976 plant breeding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
- A01H1/021—Methods of breeding using interspecific crosses, i.e. interspecies crosses
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/04—Processes of selection involving genotypic or phenotypic markers; Methods of using phenotypic markers for selection
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H5/00—Angiosperms, i.e. flowering plants, characterised by their plant parts; Angiosperms characterised otherwise than by their botanic taxonomy
- A01H5/08—Fruits
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H6/00—Angiosperms, i.e. flowering plants, characterised by their botanic taxonomy
- A01H6/82—Solanaceae, e.g. pepper, tobacco, potato, tomato or eggplant
- A01H6/825—Solanum lycopersicum [tomato]
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method of breeding tomatoes having superior taste characteristics and to tomatoes having superior taste characteristics and to products of the method.
- Tomato Fruit Quality Components Plant Breeding Reviews, 4, 274-310) .
- One of the major components of taste in tomatoes is soluble sugar content.
- the soluble sugar content of all known commercial cultivars of tomato primarily includes the hexose sugars glucose and fructose in ratios of approximately 1:1 to 1:1.5 (Davies, J.N and Hobson, G.E., 1981, The Constituents of Tomato Fruit - The Influence of the Environment. Nutrition and Genotype, CRC Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 15: 205 - 280; Davies, J.N. and Kempton, R.J., 1975, Changes in the Individual Sugars of Tomato Fruit During
- TSS total soluble solids
- the present invention seeks to provide an improved method for breeding tomato plants having superior taste characteristics and products of the method.
- a method for breeding tomato plants that produce tomatoes having superior taste characteristics including the steps of, crossing at least one Lycopersicon esculentum plant with a Lycopersicon spp. to produce hybrid seeds, collecting the hybrid (F_) seeds, growing plants from the F. seeds, pollinating the F. plants, collecting the hybrid seeds produced by the F. plants, growing plants from the seeds produced by the F. plants, measuring sucrose, glucose and fructose content of ripe fruit produced from the plants grown from the seeds of the F_ plants; and selecting plants with tomato fruits having desired characteristics including a fructose/glucose ratio greater than 1.8 and fructose levels higher than 1.3% on a fresh weight basis.
- the method for breeding tomato plants additionally includes the steps of crossing plants which have been selected according to the method of claim 1 with a Lycopersicon plant and selecting plants with tomato fruits having desired characteristics including a fructose/glucose ratio greater than 1.8 and fructose levels higher than 1.3% on a fresh weight basis.
- the steps of crossing and selecting are repeated at least once.
- the method for breeding tomato plants additionally includes the steps of selfing, at least once, the plants, and selecting plants with tomato fruits having desired characteristics including a fructose/glucose ratio greater than 1.8 and fructose levels higher than 1.3% on a fresh weight basis.
- the Lycopersicon spp. plant having a fructose: glucose ratio greater than 1.8 is a Lycopersicon hirsutum plant.
- crossing includes sexual crossing.
- crossing includes asexual crossing.
- asexual crossing includes somatic cell hybridization.
- the step of pollinating includes self pollination.
- the step of pollination includes back crossing with a Lycopersicon esculentum plant.
- the method for breeding tomato plants additionally includes the step of propagating the plants with tomato fruits having the desired characteristics.
- the step of propagating includes the step of vegetative propagation.
- the step of propagating includes the step of propagation by seed.
- a tomato plant produced according to the method described hereinabove In accordance with yet a further preferred embodiment of the present invention there is provided a tomato fruit produced by a tomato plant produced according to the method described hereinabove. In accordance with another preferred embodiment of the present invention there is provided tomato seeds which when grown yield a tomato plant produced according to the method described hereinabove. There is also provided in accordance with the present invention a heterozygous tomato plant producing fruit having a fructose/glucose ratio greater than 1.8 and fructose levels higher than 1.3% on a fresh weight basis. In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention the tomato plant includes tomato fruit.
- the tomato plant includes tomato seeds which when grown yield the tomato plant described hereinabove.
- the elevated fructose/glucose ratio providing a sweeter taste than that found in tomatoes having a similar amount of total sugars but with a normal fructose to glucose ratio.
- the method for breeding tomato plants includes first hybridizing at least one Lycopersicon esculentum plant with a Lycopersicon hirsutum plant. The fruits of the L esculentum plants are then allowed to ripen and the hybrid (F ⁇ ) seeds are collected.
- F--_ seeds are then planted. F ⁇ plants are grown and then allowed to self pollinate. The self pollinated flowers are then allowed to produce ripe fruits and the F 2 seeds are collected. These seeds are then planted. Plants grown from these seeds are allowed to produce fruits which are harvested.
- the harvested fruits are then analyzed for °BRIX, sucrose, glucose and fructose content, using methods described below, and plants with tomato fruits having desired characteristics including a fructose/glucose ratio greater than 1.8 and fructose levels higher than 1.3% on a fresh weight basis are selected.
- the selected plants may then be propagated for use by vegetative propagation methods such as micropropagation or by sexual propagation methods.
- the selected plants may also be selfed for at least one generation or crossed with other L esculentum cultivars to create varieties which incorporate characteris ⁇ tics other than the high fructose/glucose ratios selected for.
- These derived plants may then be propagated either vegetatively or by seed based propagation.
- L esculentum breeding line 1630 (a Volcani Institute male sterile breeding line) were crossed with the wild species L ⁇ . hirsutum (LA 1777) using the L_j_ esculentum breeding line as the female parent.
- the L_-- esculentum parent contained approximately equi olar concentrations of glucose and fructose (see Table 1) .
- the L_j_ hirsutum parent (LA 1777) accumulated sucrose but had a low concentration of fructose/glucose and a fructose glucose ratio of 2.3 but with less than 1.3% fructose on a fresh weight basis (see Table 1) .
- the fruits of the L esculentum plants were then allowed to ripen and the hybrid (F- ⁇ ) seeds collected. Hybrid F ⁇ seed was sown and plants grown. The plants were allowed to self pollinate and after the ripening of the fruit F 2 seed was collected.
- the F 2 seeds were sown and about 350 F 2 plants were grown and allowed to self pollinate.
- the fruits were allowed to ripen and fruit from each individual plant which produced fruit was harvested and individually analyzed for TSS (°BRIX), and soluble sugar content, as described hereinbelow.
- HPLC High Pressure Liquid Chromotography
- sucrose, glucose and fructose values of fruit of selected F 3 plants are shown in Table 1.
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Natural Medicines & Medicinal Plants (AREA)
- Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)
Abstract
A method for breeding tomato plants that produce tomatoes having superior taste characteristics including the steps of, crossing at least one Lycopersicon esculentum plant with a Lycopersicon spp. to produce hybrid seeds, collecting the hybrid F1 seeds, growing plants from the F1 seeds, pollinating the F1 plants, collecting the hybrid seeds produced by the F1 plants, growing plants from the seeds produced by the F1 plants, measuring sucrose, glucose and fructose content of ripe fruit produced from the plants grown from the seeds of the F1 plants; and selecting plants with tomato fruits having desired characteristics including a fructose/glucose ratio greater than 1.8 and fructose levels higher than 1.3 % on a fresh weight basis.
Description
METHOD FOR BREEDING TOMATOES WITH SUPERIOR TASTE CHARACTERISTICS AND PRODUCT OF THE METHOD The present invention relates to a method of breeding tomatoes having superior taste characteristics and to tomatoes having superior taste characteristics and to products of the method.
Taste characteristics are a major determinant of fruit quality for both processing and fresh market tomatoes (Stevens, M.A., 1986, Inheritance of Tomato Fruit Quality Components, Plant Breeding Reviews, 4, 274-310) . One of the major components of taste in tomatoes is soluble sugar content. The soluble sugar content of all known commercial cultivars of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) primarily includes the hexose sugars glucose and fructose in ratios of approximately 1:1 to 1:1.5 (Davies, J.N and Hobson, G.E., 1981, The Constituents of Tomato Fruit - The Influence of the Environment. Nutrition and Genotype, CRC Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 15: 205 - 280; Davies, J.N. and Kempton, R.J., 1975, Changes in the Individual Sugars of Tomato Fruit During
Ripening. J.Sci. Fd. Agric, 26: 1103 - 1110) . In commercial L esculentum cultivars
the disaccharide sucrose is also present, but at concentrations rarely exceeding 0.5% on a fresh weight basis. Certain wild species of Lycopersicon such as L^_ hirsutu and L_j_ ch ielewskii. accumulate high concentrations of sucrose, which may reach 4% on a fresh weight basis (Miron, D. and Schaffer A.A., 1991, Sucrose Phosphate Svnthase. Sucrose Svnthase and Invertase Activities in Developing Fruit of Lycopersicon esculentum and the Sucrose
Accumulating Lycopersicon hirsutum. Plant Physiol. 95: 623 - 627 and Yelle S. et al., 1988, Sink Metabolism in Tomato Fruit. III. Analysis of Carbohydrate Assimilation in Wild Species, Plant Physiol. 87: 737 - 740) . Some of these species, in addition, have a fructose to glucose ratio of more than 1.5; however, fructose and glucose levels in the fruit of these species is very low, below 1.3% each on a fresh weight basis (Davies, J.N. and Kempton,
R.J., 1975, Changes in the Individual Sugars of Tomato Fruit During Ripening. J. Sci. Fd. Agric, 26: 1103 - 1110; Davies, J.N., 1966, Occurrence of Sucrose in the Fruit of Some Species of Lycopersicon. Nature, 209, 640 - 641) .
Typically, plant breeders seek to increase the sweetness component of tomato flavor by increasing total soluble solids (TSS) . TSS is typically estimated by a refractometic determination of a sample of juice and is expressed in °BRIX. The measurement of °BRIX, however, does not differentiate between the component sugars. Selections have recently been made for sucrose accumulating tomatoes (Yelle, S., 1991, Sink Metabolism in Tomato Fruit IV Genetic and Biochemical Analysis of Sucrose
Accumulation. Plant Physiol. 95, 1026 - 1035). Fructose, however, is twice as sweet per unit weight as glucose and 50% sweeter than sucrose (Biester, A.M. et al., 1925, Carbohydrate Studies. I. The Relative Sweetness of Pure
Sugars, Amer. J. Physiol. 73: 387 - 400) giving a tomato with a high relative fructose content distinct advantages in terms of superior taste characteristics. The present invention seeks to provide an improved method for breeding tomato plants having superior taste characteristics and products of the method.
There is thus provided in accordance with the present invention a method for breeding tomato plants that produce tomatoes having superior taste characteristics including the steps of, crossing at least one Lycopersicon esculentum plant with a Lycopersicon spp. to produce hybrid seeds, collecting the hybrid (F_) seeds, growing plants from the F. seeds, pollinating the F. plants, collecting the hybrid seeds produced by the F. plants, growing plants from the seeds produced by the F. plants, measuring sucrose, glucose and fructose content of ripe fruit produced from the plants grown from the seeds of the F_ plants; and selecting plants with tomato fruits having desired characteristics including a fructose/glucose ratio greater than 1.8 and fructose levels higher than 1.3% on a fresh weight basis. In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention the method for breeding tomato plants additionally includes the steps of crossing plants which have been selected according to the method of claim 1 with a Lycopersicon plant and selecting plants with
tomato fruits having desired characteristics including a fructose/glucose ratio greater than 1.8 and fructose levels higher than 1.3% on a fresh weight basis. In accordance with a further preferred embodiment of the present invention the steps of crossing and selecting are repeated at least once.
In accordance with yet a further preferred embodiment of the present invention the method for breeding tomato plants additionally includes the steps of selfing, at least once, the plants, and selecting plants with tomato fruits having desired characteristics including a fructose/glucose ratio greater than 1.8 and fructose levels higher than 1.3% on a fresh weight basis.
In accordance with still a further preferred embodiment of the present invention the Lycopersicon spp. plant having a fructose: glucose ratio greater than 1.8 is a Lycopersicon hirsutum plant.
In accordance with still another preferred embodiment of the present invention crossing includes sexual crossing.
In accordance with yet another preferred embodiment of the invention crossing includes asexual crossing.
In accordance with a further preferred embodiment of the invention asexual crossing includes somatic cell hybridization.
In accordance with a still further preferred embodiment of the invention the step of pollinating includes self pollination. In accordance with yet a further preferred embodiment of the invention the step of pollination includes back crossing with a
Lycopersicon esculentum plant.
In accordance with still another preferred embodiment of the present invention the method for breeding tomato plants additionally includes the step of propagating the plants with tomato fruits having the desired characteristics.
In accordance with yet another preferred embodiment of the present invention the step of propagating includes the step of vegetative propagation.
In accordance with a further preferred embodiment of the present invention the step of propagating includes the step of propagation by seed.
In accordance with a still further preferred embodiment of the present invention there is provided a tomato plant produced according to the method described hereinabove. In accordance with yet a further preferred embodiment of the present invention there is provided a tomato fruit produced by a tomato plant produced according to the method described hereinabove. In accordance with another preferred embodiment of the present invention there is provided tomato seeds which when grown yield a tomato plant produced according to the method described hereinabove. There is also provided in accordance with the present invention a heterozygous tomato plant producing fruit having a fructose/glucose ratio greater than 1.8 and fructose levels higher than 1.3% on a fresh weight basis. In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention the tomato plant includes tomato fruit.
In accordance with a further preferred embodiment of the present invention the tomato plant includes tomato seeds which when grown yield the tomato plant described hereinabove. Reference is now made to a method for breeding tomato plants that produce tomatoes having superior taste characteristics including fructose levels, i.e. greater than 1.3% on a fresh weight basis and a fructose/glucose ratio higher than 1.8. The elevated fructose/glucose ratio providing a sweeter taste than that found in tomatoes having a similar amount of total sugars but with a normal fructose to glucose ratio. The method for breeding tomato plants includes first hybridizing at least one Lycopersicon esculentum plant with a Lycopersicon hirsutum plant. The fruits of the L esculentum plants are then allowed to ripen and the hybrid (F^) seeds are collected.
The collected F--_ seeds are then planted. F^ plants are grown and then allowed to self pollinate. The self pollinated flowers are then allowed to produce ripe fruits and the F2 seeds are collected. These seeds are then planted. Plants grown from these seeds are allowed to produce fruits which are harvested.
The harvested fruits are then analyzed for °BRIX, sucrose, glucose and fructose content, using methods described below, and plants with tomato fruits having desired characteristics including a fructose/glucose ratio greater than 1.8 and fructose levels higher than 1.3% on a fresh weight basis are selected.
The selected plants may then be propagated for use by vegetative propagation
methods such as micropropagation or by sexual propagation methods. The selected plants may also be selfed for at least one generation or crossed with other L esculentum cultivars to create varieties which incorporate characteris¬ tics other than the high fructose/glucose ratios selected for.
These derived plants may then be propagated either vegetatively or by seed based propagation.
Reference is now be made to the following example which illustrates the invention.
EXAMPLE 1 HYBRIDIZATION
Ten plants of the L esculentum breeding line 1630 (a Volcani Institute male sterile breeding line) were crossed with the wild species L^. hirsutum (LA 1777) using the L_j_ esculentum breeding line as the female parent.
The L_-- esculentum parent contained approximately equi olar concentrations of glucose and fructose (see Table 1) . The L_j_ hirsutum parent (LA 1777) accumulated sucrose but had a low concentration of fructose/glucose and a fructose glucose ratio of 2.3 but with less than 1.3% fructose on a fresh weight basis (see Table 1) .
The fruits of the L esculentum plants were then allowed to ripen and the hybrid (F-^) seeds collected. Hybrid F^ seed was sown and plants grown. The plants were allowed to self pollinate and after the ripening of the fruit F2 seed was collected.
The F2 seeds were sown and about 350 F2 plants were grown and allowed to self pollinate. The fruits were allowed to ripen and fruit from each individual plant which produced
fruit was harvested and individually analyzed for TSS (°BRIX), and soluble sugar content, as described hereinbelow.
Only 25 of the interspecific F2 plants freely produced fruit. Seed was collected from all plants. The most promising four plants which showed desired characteristics including a fructose/glucose ratio greater than 1.8 and fructose levels higher than 1.3% on a fresh weight basis were used to produce F3 populations. Again F3 seed was sown and the plants were allowed to self pollinate and produce fruit and ripe fruit of individual plants was analyzed as described hereinbelow.
MEASUREMENT OF °BRIX AND SOLUBLE SUGAR (SUCROSE. GLUCOSE AND FRUCTOSE) OF MATURE FRUIT PERICARP
Individual fruits were harvested. The juice was manually expressed from a portion of the fruit pericarp and a few drops placed on a refractometer and °BRIX values read. An additional portion of the fruit tissue was placed in 80% ethyl alcohol and heated to 70°C in order to stop enzymatic activity and extract the soluble sugars. Soluble sugars were extracted three times in successive changes of 80% alcohol which was then evaporated.
The sugars were then dissolved in double distilled water, centrifuged at 5,000 rpm in an eppendorf centrifuge tube for 15 min. to remove debris and a 0.5 ml aliquot passed through a 0.45 micron filter in preparation of High Pressure Liquid Chromotography (HPLC) analysis. HPLC analysis was performed using a BioRad (Richmond, CA, USA) Fast Carbohydrate column for the separation of glucose, fructose and sucrose according to the manufacturers
instructions. The sugars were identified and quantified according to the chromatographic behavior of standards for the sugars which were obtained from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA) .
The sucrose, glucose and fructose values of fruit of selected F3 plants are shown in Table 1.
Table 1
Percent Gram Fresh Weight of Individual Sugars in Selected Ripe F3 Tomato Fruit
Plant No. Sue. Glu. Fru. Total Fru/Glu Sugars ratio
Parents
L. esculentum .20 1.10 1.40 2.70 1.27
1630
L. hirsutum 4.90 .30 .70 5.90 2.30 LA 1777 o
I
F3 Plants
200-01 .97 .66 3.11 4.74 4.71
201-10 2.50 1.45 2.87 6.82 1.98
203-07 .58 .85 3.58 5.01 4.21
203-10 .28 1.30 3.37 4.95 2.59
- li ¬ lt will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to what has been particularly shown and described hereinabove. Rather the scope of the present invention is defined only by the claims which follow:
Claims
1. A method for breeding tomato plants that produce tomatoes having superior taste characteristics comprising the steps of: crossing at least one Lycopersicon esculentum plant with a Lycopersicon spp. to produce hybrid seeds; collecting the hybrid (F-.) seeds; growing plants from the F-^ seeds; pollinating the F-j_ plants; collecting the hybrid seeds produced by the F-^ plants; growing plants from the seeds produced by the F-^ plants; measuring sucrose, glucose and fructose content of ripe fruit produced from the plants grown from the seeds of the F^ plants; and selecting plants with tomato fruits having desired characteristics including a fructose/glucose ratio greater than 1.8 and fructose levels higher than 1.3% on a fresh weight basis.
2. A method according to claim 1, and additionally comprising the steps of: crossing plants which have been selected according to the method of claim 1, with a Lycopersicon plant and selecting plants with tomato fruits having desired characteristics including a fructose/glucose ratio greater than 1.8 and fructose levels higher than 1.3% on a fresh weight basis.
3. A method according to claim 2, wherein the steps of crossing and selecting are repeated at least once.
4. A method according to any of the above claims, wherein crossing includes sexual crossing.
5. A method according to any of claims 1 - 3, wherein crossing includes asexual crossing.
6. A method according to claim 5, wherein asexual crossing includes somatic cell hybridization.
7. A method according to claim 1, wherein the step of pollinating includes self pollination.
8. A method according to claim 1, wherein the step of pollination includes back crossing with a Lycopersicon esculentum plant.
9. A method according to any of the above claims, wherein the Lycopersicon spp. plant having a fructose : glucose ratio greater than 1.8 is a Lycopersicon hirsutum plant.
10. A method according to any of the above claims, and additionally comprising the step of propagating the plants with tomato fruits having the desired characteristics.
11. A method according to claim 10, wherein the step of propagating includes the step of vegetative propagation.
12. A method according to claim 10, wherein the step of propagating includes the step of propagation by seed.
13. A tomato plant produced according to the method of any of claims 1 - 12.
14. A tomato fruit produced by a tomato plant in accordance with claim 13.
15. Tomato seeds which when grown yield a tomato plant in accordance with claim 13.
16. A heterozygous tomato plant producing fruit having a fructose/glucose ratio greater than 1.8 and fructose levels higher than 1.3% on a fresh weight basis.
17. Tomato seeds which when grown yield a tomato plant in accordance with claim 16.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US08/530,216 US5817913A (en) | 1993-03-31 | 1994-03-30 | Method for breeding tomatoes with superior taste characteristics and product of the method |
| AU64962/94A AU6496294A (en) | 1993-03-31 | 1994-03-30 | Method for breeding tomatoes with superior taste characteristics and product of the method |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| IL105,243 | 1993-03-31 | ||
| IL10524393A IL105243A (en) | 1993-03-31 | 1993-03-31 | Method for breeding tomatoes with superior taste characteristics and product of the method |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1994022289A1 true WO1994022289A1 (en) | 1994-10-13 |
Family
ID=11064680
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/US1994/003522 WO1994022289A1 (en) | 1993-03-31 | 1994-03-30 | Method for breeding tomatoes with superior taste characteristics and product of the method |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU6496294A (en) |
| IL (1) | IL105243A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1994022289A1 (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1999004621A1 (en) | 1997-07-23 | 1999-02-04 | State Of Israel - Ministry Of Agriculture | A molecular marker for the gene determining the fructose to glucose ratio in mature tomato fruit |
| WO2000005390A3 (en) * | 1998-07-20 | 2000-08-24 | Israel State | Controlling starch synthesis |
| EP1691600A4 (en) * | 2003-11-06 | 2007-09-05 | Arcadia Biosciences Inc | Tomatoes having altered acid invertase activity due to non-transgenic alterations in acid invertase genes |
| WO2012170768A3 (en) * | 2011-06-10 | 2013-05-16 | University Of Florida Research Foundation, Inc. | Hybrid tomatoes and methods of making hybrid tomatoes |
| WO2013163272A1 (en) * | 2012-04-24 | 2013-10-31 | University Of Florida Research Foundation, Inc. | Compositions and methods for modifying perception of sweet taste |
| US9501699B2 (en) | 2011-05-11 | 2016-11-22 | University Of Florida Research Foundation, Inc. | Systems and methods for estimating the geographic location at which image data was captured |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4940839A (en) * | 1986-10-01 | 1990-07-10 | Dna Plant Technology Corporation | Method of tomato protoplast fusion and regeneration of hybrid plants therefrom |
-
1993
- 1993-03-31 IL IL10524393A patent/IL105243A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1994
- 1994-03-30 WO PCT/US1994/003522 patent/WO1994022289A1/en active Application Filing
- 1994-03-30 AU AU64962/94A patent/AU6496294A/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4940839A (en) * | 1986-10-01 | 1990-07-10 | Dna Plant Technology Corporation | Method of tomato protoplast fusion and regeneration of hybrid plants therefrom |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
| Title |
|---|
| HORTSCIENCE, Volume 23, No. 3, issued June 1988, A.C. MEYER et al., "Estimating Heritability and the Number of Genes Involved in Controlling Fructose and Glucose Concentrations in Tomato (Lycopersicon Esculentum)", page 767, abstract no. 346. * |
| NATURE, Volume 209, issued 05 February 1966, J.N. DAVIES et al., "Occurence of Sucrose in the Fruit of Some Species of Lycopersicon", pages 640-641. * |
| PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, Volume 95, No. 2, issued February 1991, D. MIRON et al., "Sucrose Phosphate Synthase, Sucrose Synthase, and Invertase Activities in Developing Fruit of Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill, and the Sucrose Accumulating Lycopersicon Hirsutum Humb. and Bonpl.", pages 623-627. * |
| PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, Volume 95, No. 4, issued April 1991, S. YELLE et al., "Sink Metabolism in Tomato Fruit. IV. Genetic and Biochemical Analysis of Sucrose Accumulation", pages 1026-1035. * |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1999004621A1 (en) | 1997-07-23 | 1999-02-04 | State Of Israel - Ministry Of Agriculture | A molecular marker for the gene determining the fructose to glucose ratio in mature tomato fruit |
| WO2000005390A3 (en) * | 1998-07-20 | 2000-08-24 | Israel State | Controlling starch synthesis |
| US6720485B1 (en) | 1998-07-20 | 2004-04-13 | State Of Israel-Ministry Of Agriculture | Controlling starch synthesis |
| EP2138033A1 (en) * | 1998-07-20 | 2009-12-30 | The State Of Israel-Ministry Of Agriculture | Controlling starch synthesis |
| EP1691600A4 (en) * | 2003-11-06 | 2007-09-05 | Arcadia Biosciences Inc | Tomatoes having altered acid invertase activity due to non-transgenic alterations in acid invertase genes |
| US9501699B2 (en) | 2011-05-11 | 2016-11-22 | University Of Florida Research Foundation, Inc. | Systems and methods for estimating the geographic location at which image data was captured |
| WO2012170768A3 (en) * | 2011-06-10 | 2013-05-16 | University Of Florida Research Foundation, Inc. | Hybrid tomatoes and methods of making hybrid tomatoes |
| WO2013163272A1 (en) * | 2012-04-24 | 2013-10-31 | University Of Florida Research Foundation, Inc. | Compositions and methods for modifying perception of sweet taste |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| IL105243A (en) | 2001-08-26 |
| IL105243A0 (en) | 1993-07-08 |
| AU6496294A (en) | 1994-10-24 |
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